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Fernández Castro I, Marcos Martín M, Novo Veleiro I. Alcohol consumption in elderly people. What is the real magnitude of the problem? Rev Clin Esp 2024:S2254-8874(24)00101-2. [PMID: 39038787 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The harmful effects of alcohol consumption have been well studied in the general population, but in the group of people over 80 years of age there is not much information regarding its relevance. It is estimated than 30%-40% of this population consumes alcohol regularly and around 10% engage in high-risk consumption. Furthermore, potential interactions between this substance and commonly consumed drugs in this age group, like oral antidiabetics, anticoagulants and antibiotics, may pose a risk of serious complications. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to analyze the magnitude of alcohol consumption within people over 80 years of age and the impact it has on their health. A narrative review of the available literature on the topic was carried out, which showed that alcohol consumption in people over 80 years of age is common in our environment and is associated with multiple complications and the development of different pathologies. The correct quantification of alcohol consumption in very elderly people must be integrated into the daily clinical practice of Medicine in general and Internal Medicine in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fernández Castro
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Trabajo de Alcohol y otras Drogas. Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, Spain
| | - M Marcos Martín
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Grupo de Trabajo de Alcohol y otras Drogas. Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - I Novo Veleiro
- Servicio de Hospitalización a Domicilio, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Trabajo de Alcohol y otras Drogas. Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Contador I, Buch-Vicente B, del Ser T, Llamas-Velasco S, Villarejo-Galende A, Benito-León J, Bermejo-Pareja F. Charting Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: Epidemiological Insights, Risk Factors and Prevention Pathways. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4100. [PMID: 39064140 PMCID: PMC11278014 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex and multifactorial condition without cure at present. The latest treatments, based on anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, have only a modest effect in reducing the progression of cognitive decline in AD, whereas the possibility of preventing AD has become a crucial area of research. In fact, recent studies have observed a decrease in dementia incidence in developed regions such as the US and Europe. However, these trends have not been mirrored in non-Western countries (Japan or China), and the contributing factors of this reduction remain unclear. The Lancet Commission has delineated a constrained classification of 12 risk factors across different life stages. Nevertheless, the scientific literature has pointed to over 200 factors-including sociodemographic, medical, psychological, and sociocultural conditions-related to the development of dementia/AD. This narrative review aims to synthesize the risk/protective factors of dementia/AD. Essentially, we found that risk/protective factors vary between individuals and populations, complicating the creation of a unified prevention strategy. Moreover, dementia/AD explanatory mechanisms involve a diverse array of genetic and environmental factors that interact from the early stages of life. In the future, studies across different population-based cohorts are essential to validate risk/protective factors of dementia. This evidence would help develop public health policies to decrease the incidence of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Contador
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 17117 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bárbara Buch-Vicente
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Teodoro del Ser
- Alzheimer Centre Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Llamas-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.-V.); (A.V.-G.); (J.B.-L.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Villarejo-Galende
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.-V.); (A.V.-G.); (J.B.-L.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Benito-León
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.L.-V.); (A.V.-G.); (J.B.-L.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Bermejo-Pareja
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mudyanselage AW, Wijamunige BC, Kocoń A, Turner R, McLean D, Morentin B, Callado LF, Carter WG. Alcohol Triggers the Accumulation of Oxidatively Damaged Proteins in Neuronal Cells and Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:580. [PMID: 38790685 PMCID: PMC11117938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is toxic to neurons and can trigger alcohol-related brain damage, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline. Neuronal cells may be vulnerable to alcohol toxicity and damage from oxidative stress after differentiation. To consider this further, the toxicity of alcohol to undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells was compared with that of cells that had been acutely differentiated. Cells were exposed to alcohol over a concentration range of 0-200 mM for up to 24 h and alcohol effects on cell viability were evaluated via MTT and LDH assays. Effects on mitochondrial morphology were examined via transmission electron microscopy, and mitochondrial functionality was examined using measurements of ATP and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Alcohol reduced cell viability and depleted ATP levels in a concentration- and exposure duration-dependent manner, with undifferentiated cells more vulnerable to toxicity. Alcohol exposure resulted in neurite retraction, altered mitochondrial morphology, and increased the levels of ROS in proportion to alcohol concentration; these peaked after 3 and 6 h exposures and were significantly higher in differentiated cells. Protein carbonyl content (PCC) lagged behind ROS production and peaked after 12 and 24 h, increasing in proportion to alcohol concentration, with higher levels in differentiated cells. Carbonylated proteins were characterised by their denatured molecular weights and overlapped with those from adult post-mortem brain tissue, with levels of PCC higher in alcoholic subjects than matched controls. Hence, alcohol can potentially trigger cell and tissue damage from oxidative stress and the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha W. Mudyanselage
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (B.C.W.); (A.K.); (R.T.)
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Buddhika C. Wijamunige
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (B.C.W.); (A.K.); (R.T.)
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Artur Kocoń
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (B.C.W.); (A.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Ricky Turner
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (B.C.W.); (A.K.); (R.T.)
| | - Denise McLean
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Benito Morentin
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Basque Institute of Legal Medicine, E-48001 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Luis F. Callado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Wayne G. Carter
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (B.C.W.); (A.K.); (R.T.)
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Pazoki Z, Kheirkhah MT, Gharibzadeh S. Cognitive training interventions for substance use disorders: what they really offer? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1388935. [PMID: 38694981 PMCID: PMC11061450 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1388935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive training (CT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for substance use disorders (SUD), aiming to restore cognitive impairments and potentially improve treatment outcomes. However, despite promising findings, the effectiveness of CT in real-life applications and its impact on SUD symptoms has remained unclear. This perspective article critically examines the existing evidence on CT for SUD and explores the challenges and gaps in implementing CT interventions. It emphasizes the need for clarity in expectations and decision-making from a public health standpoint, advocating for comprehensive studies that consider a broader range of SUD consequences and utilize measures that reflect patients' actual experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pazoki
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahriar Gharibzadeh
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Voigt RM, Ouyang B, Keshavarzian A. Outdoor Nighttime Light Exposure (Light Pollution) is Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.14.24302831. [PMID: 38405987 PMCID: PMC10889016 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.24302831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence has increased in the last century which can be attributed to increased lifespan, but environment is also important. This study evaluated the relationship between outdoor nighttime light exposure and AD prevalence in the United States. Higher outdoor nighttime light was associated with higher prevalence of AD. While atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and stroke were associated more strongly with AD prevalence than nighttime light intensity, nighttime light was more strongly associated with AD prevalence than alcohol abuse, chronic kidney disease, depression, heart failure, and obesity. Startlingly, nighttime light exposure more strongly associated with AD prevalence in those under the age of 65 than any other disease factor examined. These data indicate a need to investigate how nighttime light exposure influences AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Voigt
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bichun Ouyang
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Goncharov NV, Popova PI, Kudryavtsev IV, Golovkin AS, Savitskaya IV, Avdonin PP, Korf EA, Voitenko NG, Belinskaia DA, Serebryakova MK, Matveeva NV, Gerlakh NO, Anikievich NE, Gubatenko MA, Dobrylko IA, Trulioff AS, Aquino AD, Jenkins RO, Avdonin PV. Immunological Profile and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Elderly Patients with Cognitive Impairments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1888. [PMID: 38339164 PMCID: PMC10855959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of aging is accompanied by a dynamic restructuring of the immune response, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. Further, damage to the endothelium can be both a cause and a consequence of many diseases, especially in elderly people. The purpose of this study was to carry out immunological and biochemical profiling of elderly people with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI), prediabetes or newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus (DM), and subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, and cognitive data were obtained. Biochemical, hematological, and immunological analyses were carried out, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) with endothelial CD markers were assessed. The greatest number of significant deviations from conditionally healthy donors (HDs) of the same age were registered in the SIVD group, a total of 20, of which 12 were specific and six were non-specific but with maximal differences (as compared to the other three groups) from the HDs group. The non-specific deviations were for the MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Impairment Scale), the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) and life satisfaction self-assessment scores, a decrease of albumin levels, and ADAMTS13 (a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with a Thrombospondin Type 1 motif, member 13) activity, and an increase of the VWF (von Willebrand factor) level. Considering the significant changes in immunological parameters (mostly Th17-like cells) and endothelial CD markers (CD144 and CD34), vascular repair was impaired to the greatest extent in the DM group. The AIS patients showed 12 significant deviations from the HD controls, including three specific to this group. These were high NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) and CD31 and CD147 markers of EVs. The lowest number of deviations were registered in the CCCI group, nine in total. There were significant changes from the HD controls with no specifics to this group, and just one non-specific with a maximal difference from the control parameters, which was α1-AGP (alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, orosomucoid). Besides the DM patients, impairments of vascular repair were also registered in the CCCI and AIS patients, with a complete absence of such in patients with dementia (SIVD group). On the other hand, microvascular damage seemed to be maximal in the latter group, considering the biochemical indicators VWF and ADAMTS13. In the DM patients, a maximum immune response was registered, mainly with Th17-like cells. In the CCCI group, the reaction was not as pronounced compared to other groups of patients, which may indicate the initial stages and/or compensatory nature of organic changes (remodeling). At the same time, immunological and biochemical deviations in SIVD patients indicated a persistent remodeling in microvessels, chronic inflammation, and a significant decrease in the anabolic function of the liver and other tissues. The data obtained support two interrelated assumptions. Taking into account the primary biochemical factors that trigger the pathological processes associated with vascular pathology and related diseases, the first assumption is that purine degradation in skeletal muscle may be a major factor in the production of uric acid, followed by its production by non-muscle cells, the main of which are endothelial cells. Another assumption is that therapeutic factors that increase the levels of endothelial progenitor cells may have a therapeutic effect in reducing the risk of cerebrovascular disease and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, bld 93 Kuzmolovsky, Leningrad Region 188663, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Piotr P. Avdonin
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Korf
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia G. Voitenko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Daria A. Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irina A. Dobrylko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | | | - Arthur D. Aquino
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Richard O. Jenkins
- School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Pavel V. Avdonin
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
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