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Bautista TG, Roman G, Khan M, Lee M, Sahbaz S, Duthely LM, Knippenberg A, Macias-Burgos MA, Davidson A, Scaramutti C, Gabrilove J, Pusek S, Mehta D, Bredella MA. What is well-being? A scoping review of the conceptual and operational definitions of occupational well-being. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e227. [PMID: 38028344 PMCID: PMC10643923 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-being is a multifaceted construct that is used across disciplines to portray a state of wellness, health, and happiness. While aspects of well-being seem universal, how it is depicted in the literature has substantial variation. The aim of this scoping review was to identify conceptual and operational definitions of well-being within the field of occupational health. Broad search terms were used related to well-being and scale/assessment. Inclusion criteria were (1) peer-reviewed articles, (2) published in English, (3) included a measure of well-being in the methods and results section of the article, and (4) empirical paper. The searches resulted in 4394 articles, 3733 articles were excluded by reading the abstract, 661 articles received a full review, and 273 articles were excluded after a full review, leaving 388 articles that met our inclusion criteria and were used to extract well-being assessment information. Many studies did not define well-being or link their conceptual definition to the operational assessment tool being used. There were 158 assessments of well-being represented across studies. Results highlight the lack of a consistent definitions of well-being and standardized measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gretchen Roman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Munziba Khan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michele Lee
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Pusek
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, St. Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ahmed I, Hazell CM, Edwards B, Glazebrook C, Davies EB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university students. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:240. [PMID: 37041470 PMCID: PMC10088287 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a common mental health problem in the general population, and is associated with functional impairment and negative impacts upon quality of life. There has been increased concern about university students' mental health in recent years, with a wide range of non-specific anxiety rates reported worldwide in undergraduate university students. We aimed to explore prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university student populations. METHODS Four databases were searched to identify studies published between 1980 and 2020 which investigated prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university students. Each study's quality was appraised using a checklist. Sub-analyses were undertaken reflecting outcome measure utilized, course of study, location of study, and whether study was before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS A total of 89 studies - representing approx. 130,090 students-met inclusion criteria. Eighty-three were included in meta-analysis, calculating a weighted mean prevalence of 39.65% (95% CI: 35.72%-43.58%) for non-specific anxiety. Prevalence from diagnostic interview studies ranged from 0.3%-20.8% 12-month prevalence. Prevalence varied by outcome measure used to assess non-specific anxiety, the type of course studied by sample, and by study location. In half the studies, being female was associated with being more likely to have higher non-specific anxiety scores and/or screening above thresholds. Few of the included studies met all quality appraisal criteria. CONCLUSION The results suggest that approximately a third of undergraduate students are experiencing elevated levels of non-specific anxiety. Results from sub-analyses have identified some methodological issues that need consideration in appraising prevalence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irtiqa Ahmed
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cassie M Hazell
- Department of Psychological Interventions, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Bethany Edwards
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Bethan Davies
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-Operative, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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El-Desoky R, De La Cruz A, Thornton JD, Wanat MA, Varkey D. Identifying predictors of generalized anxiety among student pharmacists in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2023; 15:34-42. [PMID: 36898886 PMCID: PMC9970934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To explore the prevalence of generalized anxiety (GA) among doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students at an academic institution during the COVID-19 pandemic and use Alderfer's existence, relatedness, and growth (ERG) theory to elucidate which unsatisfied needs are predictive of higher levels of GA symptoms. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, single-site survey administered to first- through fourth-year PharmD students from October 2020 to January 2021. The survey tool included demographic information, the validated Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-62 tool, and nine additional questions developed to assess Alderfer's ERG theory of needs. Predictors of GA symptoms were evaluated using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, correlation analysis, and multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 214 of 513 students completed the survey (42%) . Among students, 49.01% had no-clinical, 31.31% had low-clinical, and 19.63% had high-clinical GA symptoms. The relatedness needs, which included feeling disliked, socially disconnected, and misunderstood had the strongest correlation (65%) to GA symptoms and was most associated with GA symptoms (β = 0.56, P < .001). Students who did not exercise experienced more symptoms of GA (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS Over 50% of PharmD students met clinical cut-offs for GA symptoms and the relatedness need was most predictive of GA symptoms among students. Future student-centered interventions should aim to create opportunities that increase social connections, build resilience, and provide psychosocial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania El-Desoky
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Health 2, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd Room 4349, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
| | - Austin De La Cruz
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Health 2, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd Room 4349, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
| | - J Douglas Thornton
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Health 2, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd Room 4055, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
| | - Matthew A Wanat
- Prescription Drug Misuse Education & Research (PREMIER) Center University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Health 2, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd Room 4029, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
| | - Divya Varkey
- Pharmacy Leadership and Administration, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Health 2, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd Room 4027, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
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4
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Almhdawi KA, Jaber H, Alghwiri A, Arabiat A, Alazrai A, Tariah HA, Obeidat D, Alrabbaie H. Health-related quality of life and its correlates among individuals with stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2023; 33:69-84. [PMID: 34663187 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2021.1984256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Strict safety procedures including lockdowns were adopted during the Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide which might have influenced mental and physical health in affected communities. This study aimed to investigate the level of Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its correlates among individuals with stroke in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study with a self-administered questionnaire, which included demographics, 12-item Short Form (SF-12) health survey, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), and The Stroke Impact Scale 16 (SIS-16). Descriptive analyses were used to summarize study data. Factors significantly correlated with HRQoL were determined using Pearson correlation. A total of 97 individuals successfully completed the study with a mean age of 57.9 years (±57.9). The level of HRQoL (measured by SF-12) was significantly and negatively associated with mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) and the stroke recovery subscale of the SIS-16. Furthermore, participants' HRQoL level was significantly and positively associated with participants' age, stroke chronicity, receiving rehabilitation, and amount of help asked from caregivers. Jordanians with stroke demonstrated a relatively low level of HRQoL and high levels of mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare administrators should carefully consider individuals with stroke HRQoL and its correlates while planning for future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid - Jordan
| | - Hanan Jaber
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid - Jordan
| | - Alia Alghwiri
- Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa Arabiat
- Department of Family Medicine, The Jordanian Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alza Alazrai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid - Jordan
| | - Hashem Abu Tariah
- Department of Occupational Therapy, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Donia Obeidat
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid - Jordan
| | - Hassan Alrabbaie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid - Jordan
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5
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Sperling EL, Hulett JM, Sherwin LB, Thompson S, Bettencourt BA. Prevalence, characteristics and measurement of somatic symptoms related to mental health in medical students: a scoping review. Ann Med 2023; 55:2242781. [PMID: 37552776 PMCID: PMC10411307 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2242781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Somatic symptoms related to mental health in medical students are under-researched, with nothing on the topic being published in the United States in over three decades. This scoping review is the first of its kind to explore the prevalence, type and severity of somatic symptoms induced by stress, anxiety, depression and burnout amongst medical students, with the objective of describing the significance and breadth of this issue. METHODS PRISMA-ScR guidelines were used to guide this review. A comprehensive search was performed of 22 databases, followed by bibliographic and hand searching. Inclusion criteria were published, peer-reviewed articles with a sample of medical students and at least one measure of somatic symptoms related to mental health, in English or with an English-language translation. Excluded were review, companion and editorial articles. Coding was done by an experienced coder trained in systematic review techniques. Two authors reviewed each article. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles met inclusion criteria, representing 16 countries, 31 schools/teaching hospitals and 9,887 medical students. The prevalence of somatic symptoms ranged from 5.7 to 80.1%, and somatic symptoms were overwhelmingly found to be significantly correlated with mental ill-health. Somatic symptoms included back pain, neck pain, headaches, sleep disturbances and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Eleven different outcome measures were used, with varying degrees of validity and reliability, which were compared and assessed. CONCLUSIONS Somatic symptoms appear strongly correlated with mental ill-health in medical students, and are likely highly prevalent. This review highlights the need for further research on somatic symptoms of mental ill-health in medical students, particularly in the United States, and the addition of larger, multi-institutional cohorts to expand our understanding of prevalence, incidence and inciting factors of somatic symptoms. Longitudinal studies tracking somatic symptoms' effect on career trajectory and professional burnout levels are also needed. Finally, future research should explore interventions for reducing physical symptom burden in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie L. Sperling
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Hulett
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Sarah Thompson
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Kanaan SF, Almhdawi KA, Khader YS, Jain TK, Jaber AF, Almomani F. Predictors of neck disability among undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study. Work 2022; 72:1119-1128. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-213643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many cross-sectional studies have examined the predictors of neck pain among adolescents and working-age populations, but there are limited studies included undergraduate students. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictors of neck disability among undergraduate students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered online survey. Students completed the survey that included socio-demographic factors, academic-related factors, health and lifestyle factors, and standardized questionnaires including Neck Disability Index (NDI), 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Students who reported an NDI score higher than 15 were considered as having a neck disability. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the significant predictors of neck disability. RESULTS: Of all students (n = 1292), 20.8% reported neck disability. Among all possible predictors, students’ major satisfaction (OR 1.46 [95% CI 1.06–2.01]; p = 0.019), DASS-21 anxiety score (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.03–1.09]; p < 0.001), SF-12 total score (OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.86–92]; p < 0.001), and PSQI score (OR 1.21 [95% CI 1.15–1.28]; p < 0.001) were the only significant predictors of neck disability. CONCLUSIONS: Increased levels of academic stressors and anxiety, and decreased levels of quality of life and sleep quality are associated with increased neck disability among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam F. Kanaan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khader A. Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef S. Khader
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tarang Kumar Jain
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alaa F. Jaber
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Fidaa Almomani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Almhdawi KA, Alrabbaie H, Arabiat A, Alhammouri AT, Hamadneh M, Obeidat D, Alazrai A, Jaber H, Almousa KM. Physicians' Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Eval Health Prof 2022; 45:76-85. [PMID: 35040350 DOI: 10.1177/01632787211068899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers worldwide have been exposed to extraordinary stress during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) level and its health and occupational associated factors among Jordanian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional design using an online survey was adopted targeting physicians at different Jordanian hospitals. The study survey included demographics, HRQoL measured by 12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12) mental and physical components, physicians' evaluation of work conditions during COVID-19, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize primary data. Factors associated with HRQoL were determined using a multiple variable regression analysis. In total, 326 physicians successfully completed the survey, 44.2% were males with mean age of 32.08 (±6.93). SF-12 mental component mean was 52.13 (±20.84) and physical component mean was 69.24 (±18.1). Physicians HRQoL level was significantly associated with levels of stress (β = -0.23, 95% CI -1.05 to -0.27), depression (β = -0.22, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.28), neck disability (β = -0.30, 95% CI -1.08 to -0.57), health self-evaluation (β = 0.14, 95% CI 1.66-7.87), sleep self-evaluation (β = 0.09, 95% CI 0.16-3.58), and physical activity level (β = 0.09, 95% CI 0.00-0.001). Jordanian physicians' level of HRQoL was relatively low during COVID-19. Healthcare facilities administrators should take into consideration factors associated with physicians' HRQoL level when planning for future healthcare emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology. Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alrabbaie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology. Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Arabiat
- Department of Family Medicine, 275536The Jordanian Ministry of Health. Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad T Alhammouri
- Department of Cardiology, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mohammad Hamadneh
- Department of Cardiology, 243516Helios Frankenwald Klinik, Kronach, Germany
| | - Donia Obeidat
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology. Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alza Alazrai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology. Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jaber
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology. Irbid, Jordan
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Almhdawi KA, Kanaan SF, Khader Y, Al-Hourani Z, Al-Jarrah MD, Almomani F, Alqhazo MT. Mental and physical health-related quality of life and their associated factors among students of a comprehensive allied health institution. Work 2021; 70:63-73. [PMID: 34602492 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare students are subjected to critical levels of mental and physical stress that might hinder their quality of life. OBJECTIVES This study comprehensively investigated physical and mental Health-related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) and their associated factors among Allied Health (AH) students of nine academic majors. METHODS Participants completed anonymous questionnaire included demographics and life style, HR-QoL measured by the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21), and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. SF-12 Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Components Summary scores were compared between gender and between academic majors. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine factor associated with PCS and MCS scores. RESULTS A total of 838 students (77.4% females) participated in the study. The overall PCS was 45.64±7.93 and statistically different between majors (P < 0.001). The Overall MCS score was 39.45±10.86 and statistically greater in males (P < 0.001). PCS scores were significantly associated with anxiety score, GPA, diet self-evaluation, and upper back and hip musculoskeletal pain. MCS scores were significantly associated with weekly clinical training hours, stress score, depression score, gender, university year, GPA, sleep self-evaluation, diet self-evaluation, and neck musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of mental and physical HR-QoL were observed among AH students and were associated with academic-related, health-related, and lifestyle-related factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess effective approaches to improve HR-QoL among AH students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Saddam F Kanaan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Professor of Epidemiology, Medical Education and Biostatistics, Faculty Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Zeid Al-Hourani
- Department of Applied Dental Science-Dental Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Muhammed D Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Fidaa Almomani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Mazin T Alqhazo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Speech Pathology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Chisholm-Burns MA, Berg-Poppe P, Spivey CA, Karges-Brown J, Pithan A. Systematic review of noncognitive factors influence on health professions students' academic performance. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:1373-1445. [PMID: 33772422 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-021-10042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased importance has been placed on noncognitive skills in professional development and by accrediting bodies of health professions programs in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review of evidence examining effects of academic resilience, grit, perceived stress, locus of control, and Big Five Personality Traits on academic performance of health professions students. A literature search of peer-reviewed, English-language articles describing select noncognitive factors was performed using seven databases. Searches were performed from the earliest index date through May 2020. The following data from included studies were extracted and summarized: research design hierarchy, hierarchy of study outcomes (modified from Kirkpatrick), association between noncognitive factors and academic outcomes, and quality assessment criteria. 149 articles met inclusion criteria. Almost 80% of studies were Level III (observational). Medical students were the most frequently studied population (n = 73 articles). The most studied academic outcome was grade point average (n = 61). Perceived stress and Big Five Personality Traits accounted for greater than 50% of studies. Most studies were rated as fair to good quality. Associations between noncognitive factors and academic outcomes were largely inconsistent, although greater perceived stress was generally associated with poorer academic performance outcomes, while higher conscientiousness, academic resilience, and grit were generally associated with better outcomes. This systematic review represents a large body of evidence concerning select noncognitive factors and their association with academic performance of health professions students. Support services addressing noncognitive factors should be deliberated and tailored for specific health professions education programs and student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Chisholm-Burns
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave., Suite 264, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Patti Berg-Poppe
- University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, 414 E. Clark Street, SCSC A383, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Christina A Spivey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave., Suite 258, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Joy Karges-Brown
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, 414 E. Clark Street, SCSC A830, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Anne Pithan
- Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medicine and Science Hall 303, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
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Almhdawi KA, Alazrai A, Obeidat D, Altarifi AA, Oteir AO, Aljammal AH, Arabiat AA, Alrabbaie H, Jaber H, Almousa KM. Healthcare students' mental and physical well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown and distance learning. Work 2021; 70:3-10. [PMID: 34487002 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sudden shift into distance learning during the coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown might have impacted university students' well-being. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate undergraduate healthcare university students' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its predictors during COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional study used an online self-administered questionnaire. The study targeted undergraduate medical, dental, pharmacy, and nursing students at Jordanian universities. Data collected included demographics,12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12), students' evaluation of distance learning, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Descriptive analyses were conducted to summarize primary outcome measures data. Predictors of HRQoL were determined using a multiple variable regression analysis. RESULTS In total, 485 university students successfully completed this study with a mean age of 20.6 (±2.0). Participants' HRQoL level measured by SF-12 mean scores were 66.5 (±20.2) for physical health component and 44.8 (±21.2) for mental health component. The regression model explained 65.5% of the variation (r2 = 0.655, F = 127.8, P < 0.001) in participants' HRQoL. Factors significantly associated with HRQoL included depression, neck disability index score, stress, health self-evaluation, average of satisfaction with distance learning, IPAQ score, and weekly studying hours. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that healthcare students had a relatively low level of HRQoL during COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. Academic and non-academic factors associated with HRQoL were identified and should be considered by healthcare educational institutions for better academic planning in future similar pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Alza Alazrai
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Donia Obeidat
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Altarifi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Alaa O Oteir
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences-Paramedics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Ashraf H Aljammal
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdallah II for Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Jordan
| | - Alaa A Arabiat
- Department of Family Medicine, The Jordanian Ministry of Health, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alrabbaie
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jaber
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Almhdawi KA, Obeidat D, Kanaan SF, Hajela N, Bsoul M, Arabiat A, Alazrai A, Jaber H, Alrabbaie H. University professors' mental and physical well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance teaching. Work 2021; 69:1153-1161. [PMID: 34420997 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strict strategies including lockdowns and working from home were adopted worldwide during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. University professors suddenly shifted to work from home adopting distance teaching. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and its associated occupational and health factors during COVID-19 among university professors. METHODS A cross-sectional design targeted university professors of all majors in Jordan. The study self-administered survey included demographics and lifestyle data, 12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), professor' evaluation of distance teaching, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Descriptive analyses were conducted to demonstrate primary outcome measures data. Factors associated with HRQoL were determined using a multiple variable linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 299 university professors successfully completed the study. Participants' SF-12 physical health component score was 74.08 (±18.5) and 65.74 (±21.4) for mental health component. Higher depression, stress, neck disability, and weight change were significantly associated with lower HRQoL level. While higher satisfaction with distance teaching, health self-evaluation, and work load change were significantly associated with higher HRQoL level. The regression model explained 66.7%of the variance in professors' HRQoL (r2 = 0.667, F = 82.83, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Jordanian university professors demonstrated good HRQoL and mental health levels during COVID-19 lockdown. Factors associated with professors' HRQoL should be considered by academic institutions in determining the best occupational setup of teaching activities in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Donia Obeidat
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Saddam F Kanaan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Nupur Hajela
- Department of Physical Therapy, California State University - Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Bsoul
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, Faculty of Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdullah II for Information Technology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Alaa Arabiat
- Family Medicine Specialist, Department of Family Medicine, The Jordanian Ministry of Health, Jordan
| | - Alza Alazrai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jaber
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alrabbaie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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12
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Stress, Anxiety and Depression among a Cohort of Health Sciences Undergraduate Students: The Prevalence and Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063269. [PMID: 33809939 PMCID: PMC8004268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) have a negative impact on the learning and academic performance of university students. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, as well as the risk factors associated with SAD among a cohort of students pursuing undergraduate degree courses in health sciences. This is part of the strategy in building a healthy nation. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic factors and the short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess the likelihood of psychological distress. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors of SAD. In total, 449 students completed the questionnaire (93.9% response rate). Of these, 65% had stress, 85.1% had anxiety and 51.4% had depression. Most cases of stress (74.6%) and depression (66.2%) were of normal-to-mild level, while 74.6% of them showed moderate-to-extremely severe anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between stress score and the year of study. In the regression analysis, poor sleep quality and fatigue were risk factors of anxiety and depression, whereas low-grade fever and frequent headaches were risk factors for stress and anxiety. Stress, anxiety, and depression scores were significantly higher among students studying medical imaging. A substantial proportion of health science students are suffering from SAD. This study recommends screening and close monitoring of the above-mentioned predictors and the formulation of comprehensive intervention strategies for students with SAD.
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Almhdawi KA, Alrabbaie H, Obeidat DS, Kanaan SF, Alahmar MR, Mansour ZM, Oteir AO. Sleep quality and its predictors among hospital-based nurses: a cross-sectional study. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:2269-2275. [PMID: 33641088 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep disorders are common among nurses and may have negative effects on their performance and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the level of sleep quality and its possible associated factors among hospital-based nurses in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional design targeting Jordanian hospital-based nurses. In addition to demographics and work habits, the outcome measures included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Data were analyzed descriptively and by a multiple variable linear regression analysis to identify predictors of sleep quality. RESULTS In total, 597 nurses with a mean age of 32.1 (± 5.7) years participated in this study and 47% were men. PSQI mean score was 7.8 (± 3.7) and 68% of the participants showed sleep quality deficits. Stress (β = 0.15 [95%CI 0.13 to 0.19, P < 0.001), depression (β = 0.05 [95%CI 0.009 to 0.08], P = 0.015), the number of joints with 12 months musculoskeletal pain (β = 0.25 [95%CI 0.15 to 0.36], P < 0.001) positively predicted decreased sleep quality. Manual handling training (β = - 0.48 [95%CI -0.96 to 0.003], P = 0.048) and years of experience (β = - 0.05 [95%CI -0.09 to 0.002], P = 0.039) negatively predicted decreased sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Nurses reported poor levels of sleep quality, high levels of mental health symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain complaints. Sleep quality among nurses and its predictors should be carefully considered by administrations of healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Hassan Alrabbaie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Donia S Obeidat
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saddam F Kanaan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Zaid Modhi Mansour
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Alzarqa, Jordan
| | - Alaa O Oteir
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Rubin M. Explaining the association between subjective social status and mental health among university students using an impact ratings approach. SN SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021; 1:20. [PMID: 34693303 PMCID: PMC7725541 DOI: 10.1007/s43545-020-00031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found a positive association between social class and mental health among university students. Various mediators of this association have been proposed. However, the extent to which students perceive these mediators as having an impact on their mental health has not been investigated. It is important to investigate this issue because students who do not perceive issues as having an impact on their mental health may not be motivated to address those issues. In the current study, 402 first-year undergraduate psychology students from a large Australian university indicated the extent to which 32 issues had a negative impact on their mental health over the past six months. Students rated lack of money, time management, coursework assessment items, lack of sleep, and course marks as having the largest impact on their mental health. Lack of money and time management mediated the positive association between subjective social status and mental health over (a) the past week and (b) the past month. Coursework assessment items and course marks mediated the positive association between subjective social status and satisfaction with the university experience. It is concluded that interventions should focus on these relatively high impact issues in order to address social class differences in students' mental health and university satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rubin
- School of Psychology, Behavioural Sciences Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
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15
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Morais BX, Dalmolin GDL, Pedro CMP, Bresolin JZ, Andolhe R, Magnago TSBDS. PERCEIVED STRESS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AMONG UNDERGRADUATE HEALTH STUDENTS. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2020-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the association between the presence of perceived stress and reports of musculoskeletal pain among undergraduate health students. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out with undergraduate health students (Nursing, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy, Medicine, Occupational Therapy, and Dentistry) in a public university of southern Brazil. Data collection took place in the period from April to June 2017. An instrument with sociodemographic, habits, health profile, and academic variables was used; as well as the Brazilian version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the analysis. Results: a total of 792 students took part in the study. The students with a high stress level presented more chances for the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in the vertebral column region (OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.30-6.55), upper limbs (OR=3.27; 95% CI=1.80-5.92) and lower limbs (OR=3.10; 95% CI=1.81-5.29). The variables “not having time for leisure” and “sometimes having time for leisure” presented higher chances of pain in the vertebral column region (OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.30-6.55), upper limbs (OR=3.27; 95% CI=1.80-5.92) and lower limbs (OR=3.10; 95% CI=1.81-5.29). The variables “not having time for leisure” and “sometimes having time for leisure” presented higher chances of pain in the vertebral (OR=3.11; 95% CI=1.84-5.25), Occupational Therapy (OR=2.57; IC95%=1,51-4,38) and Physiotherapy (OR=1.82; 95% CI=1.00-3.31) and being overweight (OR=1.59; 95% CI=1.09-2.31) presented higher chances of pain in the lower limbs. Conclusion: the association between perceived stress and the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among the students was evidenced, revealing the importance of implementing programs aiming at the students’ health.
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Malkawi SH, Almhdawi K, Jaber AF, Alqatarneh NS. COVID-19 Quarantine-Related Mental Health Symptoms and their Correlates among Mothers: A Cross Sectional Study. Matern Child Health J 2020; 25:695-705. [PMID: 33201448 PMCID: PMC7670014 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background One of the strictest quarantines worldwide to limit the spread of coronavirus was enforced in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives This study investigated reported mental health and changes in lifestyle practices among Jordanian mothers during COVID-19 quarantine. The specific objectives included studying the level of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and their potential statistical associations with demographic and lifestyle variables. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate differences in mental health between different demographic and socio-economic groups and to examine the major lifestyle changes that occurred on mothers during the quarantine. Methods An online survey was developed and administered to 2103 mothers. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and a lifestyle section comparing the life of mothers before and during the quarantine. Reported scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were calculated and compared across different levels of demographics including income, education level, employment status, and city of residence. Results This study found that mothers with lower income, lower education, not employed, or living in cities outside the capital of Jordan reported having more depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (p < .005). Changes in their lifestyle practices included weight gain, increased time allocated for teaching children at home, increased familial violence at home, and increased time allocated for caring for their family members (average increase of 5 hours daily). Conclusions for Practice The unprecedented times of quarantine have put mothers in unprecedented reported mental health problems. Providing psychological support to this group might be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya H. Malkawi
- Occupational Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al Abdallah St. Amman, Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Khader Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa F. Jaber
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nisrin S. Alqatarneh
- Occupational Therapy Department/Faculty of Applied Health Science, Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133 Jordan
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Akhtar P, Ma L, Waqas A, Naveed S, Li Y, Rahman A, Wang Y. Prevalence of depression among university students in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:911-919. [PMID: 32664032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though university years are peak time for the onset of many mental health problems including depression, knowledge on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Library for studies published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in LMICs (as defined by World Bank), having a sample size≥500 and published in English were identified. Data on study characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms was extracted by two investigators. Estimate of prevalence was pooled in meta-analysis using random-effects meta-analysis. Sub-group differences were estimated using mixed-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS Depressive symptoms prevalence data were extracted from 37 studies involving 76,608 individuals in 20 countries. Studies on depression among university students in LMICs were limited, and most were based on non-representative and small study samples. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.4% (95% CI, 19.2% -30.5%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence did not vary by study design, sampling technique, sample size, study major, educational level, economic regions, and screening instrument. LIMITATIONS Only English language studies were included. Included studies were diverse in design, screening tool, and sample size that introduced substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs was 24.4%, however, finding should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Human Development Research Foundation, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Atif Rahman
- Institute of Life and Human Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA..
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18
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Almhdawi KA, Obeidat DS, Kanaan SF, Oteir AO, Mansour ZM, Alrabbaei H. Efficacy of an innovative smartphone application for office workers with chronic non-specific low back pain: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2020; 34:1282-1291. [PMID: 32602362 DOI: 10.1177/0269215520937757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed evidence-based low back pain (LBP) management smartphone application. DESIGN A double-blinded randomized controlled trial where participants randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG). SETTING Governmental and private institutions. PARTICIPANTS About 40 office workers, aged 30 to 55 years, had pain due to non-specific LBP > 3 on Visual Analogue Scale, and with pain chronicity > 3 months. INTERVENTIONS The EG received full version of the application 'Relieve my back' included evidence-based instructions and therapeutic exercises for LBP management, whereas the CG received placebo version included instructions about nutrition. MAIN MEASURES Primary outcome measures included pain measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), disability measured by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and quality of life measured by Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). RESULTS Following six weeks of using the application, compared to CG, the EG group demonstrated significant decrease in pain intensity (-3.45 (2.21) vs -0.11 (1.66), P < 0.001), in ODI score (-11.05 (10.40) vs -0.58 (9.0), P = 0.002), and significant increase in physical component of SF-12 (12.85 (17.20) vs -4.63 (12.04), P = 0.001). CONCLUSION 'Relieve my back' application might be efficacious in reducing pain and disability and improving the quality of life of office workers with non-specific LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Donia Saleh Obeidat
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saddam F Kanaan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa O Oteir
- Department of Allied Medical Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zaid Modhi Mansour
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alrabbaei
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Almhdawi KA, Alazrai A, Kanaan S, Shyyab AA, Oteir AO, Mansour ZM, Jaber H. Post-stroke depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and their associated factors: A cross-sectional study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2020; 31:1091-1104. [PMID: 32419606 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1760893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Individuals post-stroke are subject to increased levels of mental health symptoms. This is a cross-sectional study explored levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and identified their predictors among Jordanian individuals with stroke. Outcome measures included Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Fugl-Meyer assessment, goniometry, hand-held dynamometry, nine-hole peg test, Ashworth scale, Motor Activity Log, ten-meter walk test, and 12-item Short-Form health survey (SF-12). Descriptive analyses were used to describe prevalence of mental health symptoms and multiple variable linear regression models were used to identify their predictors. A total of 153 individuals participated in the study. Proportions of participants with mental health symptoms were 74.5% for depression, 52.9% for anxiety, and 68% for stress. Significant predictors of post-stroke mental health symptoms were SF-12 Mental Composite Score and grip strength for depression, anxiety, and stress. Depression and stress symptoms were significantly associated with discontinuation of rehabilitation services. Furthermore, self-reports of fewer sleep hours was significantly associated with anxiety and stress. Finally, Gender and self-reported physical diseases other than stroke were significantly associated with depression symptoms. We conclude that high proportions of Jordanian individuals' post-stroke have suffered mental health symptoms. Future studies are required to design effective interventions to improve post-stroke mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khader A Almhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alza Alazrai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saddam Kanaan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Awni A Shyyab
- Division of Neurology, King Hussein Centre, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa O Oteir
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zaid Modhi Mansour
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jaber
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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