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Kieran R, Hennessy M, Coakley K, O'Sullivan H, Cronin T, Lynch D, Mulroe E, Cooke K, Collins D, O'Reilly S. Optimising oncology drug expenditure in Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1735-1747. [PMID: 38568369 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
A combination of improvements in patient survival, increasing treatment duration, and the development of more expensive agents has led to a doubling of per-capita spending on cancer medicines in Ireland (2008-2018). Despite this, access to new drugs is poor in comparison to other EU countries. We examine methods to optimise oncology drug spending to facilitate access to newer anticancer agents. Key targets for spending optimisation (biosimilar use, clinical trials and expanded access programs, waste reduction, avoidance of futile treatment, and altered drug scheduling) were identified through an exploratory analysis. A structured literature search was performed, with a focus on articles relevant to the Irish Healthcare system, supplemented by reports from statutory bodies. At the present time, EMA-approved agents are available once approved by the NCPE. Optimising drug costs occurs through guideline-based practice and biosimilar integration, the latter provides €80 million in cost savings annually. Access to novel therapies can occur via over 50 clinical trials and 28 currently available expanded access programmes. Additional strategies include reversion to weight-based immunotherapy dosing, potentially saving €400,000 per year in our centre alone, vial sharing, and optimisation of treatment schedules. A variety of techniques are being employed by oncologists to optimise costs and increase access to innovation for patients. Use of biosimilars, drug wastage, and prescribing at end of life should be audited as key performance indicators, which may lead to reflective practice on treatment planning. Such measures could further optimise oncology drug expenditure nationally facilitating approval of new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kieran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Maeve Hennessy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kate Coakley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hazel O'Sullivan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tim Cronin
- College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Daire Lynch
- Cancer Trials Ireland, RCSI House, 121 St Stephen's , Dublin 2, Green, Ireland
| | - Eibhlin Mulroe
- Cancer Trials Ireland, RCSI House, 121 St Stephen's , Dublin 2, Green, Ireland
| | - Katie Cooke
- Department of Pharmacy, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dearbhaile Collins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Seamus O'Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Cancer Research@UCC, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Cancer Trials Ireland, RCSI House, 121 St Stephen's , Dublin 2, Green, Ireland
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2
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Bas TG, Duarte V. Biosimilars in the Era of Artificial Intelligence-International Regulations and the Use in Oncological Treatments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:925. [PMID: 39065775 PMCID: PMC11279612 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research is based on three fundamental aspects of successful biosimilar development in the challenging biopharmaceutical market. First, biosimilar regulations in eight selected countries: Japan, South Korea, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, and South Africa, represent the four continents. The regulatory aspects of the countries studied are analyzed, highlighting the challenges facing biosimilars, including their complex approval processes and the need for standardized regulatory guidelines. There is an inconsistency depending on whether the biosimilar is used in a developed or developing country. In the countries observed, biosimilars are considered excellent alternatives to patent-protected biological products for the treatment of chronic diseases. In the second aspect addressed, various analytical AI modeling methods (such as machine learning tools, reinforcement learning, supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning tools) were analyzed to observe patterns that lead to the prevalence of biosimilars used in cancer to model the behaviors of the most prominent active compounds with spectroscopy. Finally, an analysis of the use of active compounds of biosimilars used in cancer and approved by the FDA and EMA was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gabriel Bas
- Escuela de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
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Zhang LL, Huang X, Azam M, Yuan HX, Ma FJ, Cheng YZ, Zhang LP, Sun D. Silver(I) Complexes with Mefenamic Acid and Nitrogen Heterocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12624-12634. [PMID: 38910548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Four Ag(I) complexes with mefenamato and nitrogen heterocyclic ligands, [Ag(2-apy)(mef)]2 (1), [Ag(3-apy)(mef)] (2), [Ag2(tmpyz)(mef)2] (3), and {[Ag(4,4'-bipy)(mef)]2(CH3CN)1.5(H2O)2}n (4), (mef = mefenamato, 2-apy = 2-aminopyridine, 3-apy = 3-aminopyridine, tmpyz = 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine), were synthesized and characterized. The interactions of these complexes with BSA were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, which indicated that these complexes quench the fluorescence of BSA by a static mechanism. The fluorescence data also indicated that the complexes showed good affinity for BSA, and one binding site on BSA was suitable for the complexes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the four complexes against human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG-2, A549, and MDA-MB-468) and one normal cell line (HTR-8) was evaluated by the MTT assay. Complex 1 displayed high cytotoxic activity against A549 cells. Further studies revealed that complex 1 could enhance the intracellular levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in A549 cells, cause cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and induce apoptosis in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hua-Xin Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Jie Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China
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Abahssain H, Souadka A, Alem R, Santoni M, Battelli N, Amela E, Lemaire A, Rodriguez J, Errihani H. Shifting Paradigms in TNBC Treatment: Emerging Alternatives to Capecitabine in the Post-Neoadjuvant Setting. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:3771-3782. [PMID: 39057150 PMCID: PMC11276086 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31070278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a clinically challenging subtype due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options post-neoadjuvant failure. Historically, capecitabine has been the cornerstone of adjuvant therapy for TNBC patients not achieving a pathological complete response (pCR). However, the integration of new modalities such as immunotherapy and PARP inhibitors has prompted a re-evaluation of traditional post-neoadjuvant approaches. METHODS This review synthesizes data from pivotal clinical trials and meta-analyses to evaluate the efficacy of emerging therapies in the post-neoadjuvant setting. We focus on the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), PARP inhibitors (PARPis), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) alongside or in place of capecitabine in TNBC treatment paradigms. RESULTS The addition of ICIs like pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant regimens has shown increased pCR rates and improved event-free survival, posing new questions about optimal post-neoadjuvant therapies. Similarly, PARPis have demonstrated efficacy in BRCA-mutated TNBC populations, with significant improvements in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Emerging studies on ADCs further complicate the adjuvant landscape, offering potentially efficacious alternatives to capecitabine, especially in patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy. DISCUSSION The challenge remains to integrate these new treatments into clinical practice effectively, considering factors such as drug resistance, patient-specific characteristics, and socio-economic barriers. This review discusses the implications of these therapies and suggests a future direction focused on personalized medicine approaches in TNBC. CONCLUSIONS As the treatment landscape for TNBC evolves, the role of capecitabine is being critically examined. While it remains a viable option for certain patient groups, the introduction of ICIs, PARPis, and ADCs offers promising alternatives that could redefine adjuvant therapy standards. Ongoing and future trials will be pivotal in determining the optimal therapeutic strategies for TNBC patients with residual disease post-neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Abahssain
- Oncology and Medical Specialties Department, Valenciennes General Hospital, 59300 Valenciennes, France; (R.A.); (E.A.)
- Equipe de Recherche en Oncologie Translationnelle (EROT), University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat 8007, Morocco; (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Amine Souadka
- Equipe de Recherche en Oncologie Translationnelle (EROT), University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat 8007, Morocco; (A.S.); (H.E.)
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat 8007, Morocco
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat 6527, Morocco
| | - Rania Alem
- Oncology and Medical Specialties Department, Valenciennes General Hospital, 59300 Valenciennes, France; (R.A.); (E.A.)
- Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat 8007, Morocco
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy; (M.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Eric Amela
- Oncology and Medical Specialties Department, Valenciennes General Hospital, 59300 Valenciennes, France; (R.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Antoine Lemaire
- Supportive Care Department, Valenciennes General Hospital, 59300 Valenciennes, France; (A.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Joseph Rodriguez
- Supportive Care Department, Valenciennes General Hospital, 59300 Valenciennes, France; (A.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Hassan Errihani
- Equipe de Recherche en Oncologie Translationnelle (EROT), University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat 8007, Morocco; (A.S.); (H.E.)
- Oncology Department, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat 8007, Morocco
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5
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Wei H, Zhang S, Lin X, Fang R, Li L. Differential expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNAs in the development and progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1411672. [PMID: 38912059 PMCID: PMC11190727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1411672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of gene testing technology, we have found many different genes, and lncRNA is one of them. LncRNAs refer to a non-protein coding RNA molecule with a length of more than 200bp, which is one of the focuses of research on human malignant diseases such as LUAD. LncRNAs act as an oncogene or inhibitor to regulate the occurrence and progression of tumors. The differential expression of LncRNAs promotes or inhibits the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by affecting cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and apoptosis, thus affecting the prognosis and survival rate of patients. Therefore, LncRNAs can be used as a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The early diagnosis of the disease was made through the detection of tumor markers. Because lung adenocarcinoma is not easy to diagnose in the early stage and tumor markers are easy to ignore, LncRNAs play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. The main purpose of this article is to summarize the known effects of LncRNAs on lung adenocarcinoma, the effect of differential expression of LncRNAs on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, and related signal transduction pathways. And to provide a new idea for the future research of lung adenocarcinoma-related LncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wei
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Sa Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojin Lin
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ruirui Fang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Li Li
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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Roediger A, Schönbächler G, Brand H. What is a fair price for a medicine? Establishing the main elements of a fair price based on the current policy debate. Public Health 2024; 231:148-153. [PMID: 38692089 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unfair medicines prices have been discussed widely as an obstacle for patient access. This article aims to structure the discussion about fair pricing of medicines, analyses the elements for a fair price, and assesses its practical implications. METHODS A systematic literature research has been undertaken and complemented by gray literature. Definitions and elements of a fair price have been extracted from the sample, categorized via a thematic and a quantitative analysis, and mirrored against the traditional framework of 'iustum pretium' (fair price). RESULTS The most often attributes of a fair price mentioned were affordability (n = 30), followed by value and research and development (R&D) investment (n = 20). Other frequently mentioned attributes are profitability (n = 19), transparency of R&D costs (n = 18), cost-effectiveness (n = 17), and manufacturing (n = 14). Nearly all definitions present fair price as a balance between different objectives. CONCLUSIONS Most publications stipulate that medicines are a common good and should be affordable. At the same time, most publications also propose a pricing approach based on covering costs for R&D and/or on value. Consequently, most of the attempts to clarify fair price result in a value-affordability dilemma, which does not necessarily warrant patient access. Many social health systems implement pricing regardless of the debate. This systematic review offers a set of attributes for fair price and helps refining the existing pricing and reimbursement regulations. Once complemented by empirical datapoints, it provides the basis for developing a framework for fair pricing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roediger
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - G Schönbächler
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Brand
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Coles CE, Earl H, Anderson BO, Barrios CH, Bienz M, Bliss JM, Cameron DA, Cardoso F, Cui W, Francis PA, Jagsi R, Knaul FM, McIntosh SA, Phillips KA, Radbruch L, Thompson MK, André F, Abraham JE, Bhattacharya IS, Franzoi MA, Drewett L, Fulton A, Kazmi F, Inbah Rajah D, Mutebi M, Ng D, Ng S, Olopade OI, Rosa WE, Rubasingham J, Spence D, Stobart H, Vargas Enciso V, Vaz-Luis I, Villarreal-Garza C. The Lancet Breast Cancer Commission. Lancet 2024; 403:1895-1950. [PMID: 38636533 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Earl
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Global Breast Cancer Initiative, World Health Organisation and Departments of Surgery and Global Health Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos H Barrios
- Oncology Research Center, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maya Bienz
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David A Cameron
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer and Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Wanda Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prudence A Francis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felicia Marie Knaul
- Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Tómatelo a Pecho, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stuart A McIntosh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lukas Radbruch
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Jean E Abraham
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Lynsey Drewett
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Farasat Kazmi
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Dianna Ng
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Szeyi Ng
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - William E Rosa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Breast Cancer Center, Hospital Zambrano Hellion TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Kong L, He Q, Ma D, Shi W, Xin Q, Jiang C, Wu J. Ezetimibe inhibits the migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells by targeting TGFβ2 and EMT. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:831-842. [PMID: 38531630 PMCID: PMC11073500 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The important role of cholesterol in tumor metastasis has been widely studied in recent years. Ezetimibe is currently the only selective cholesterol uptake inhibitor on the market. Here, we explored the effect of ezetimibe on breast cancer metastasis by studying its impact on breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Differential gene expression analysis and validation were also carried out to compare ezetimibe-treated and untreated breast cancer cells. Finally, breast cancer cells overexpressing TGFβ2 were constructed, and the effect of TGFβ2 on the migration and invasion of ezetimibe-treated breast cancer cells was examined. Our results show that ezetimibe treatment of breast cancer cells inhibited cell migration, invasion, and EMT, and it significantly suppressed the expression of TGFβ2. Overexpression of TGFβ2 reversed the inhibitory effect of ezetimibe on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ezetimibe might be a potential candidate for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkai Kong
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityChina
| | - Qinyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityChina
| | - Ding Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityChina
| | - Weiwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityChina
| | - Qilei Xin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryChina
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityChina
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityChina
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9
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Li Z, Qian D. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA): from carcinogenesis to drug resistance. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:83. [PMID: 38662139 PMCID: PMC11045593 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a circular form of DNA that exists outside of the chromosome. Although it has only been a few decades since its discovery, in recent years, it has been found to have a close relationship with cancer, which has attracted widespread attention from researchers. Thus far, under the persistent research of researchers from all over the world, eccDNA has been found to play an important role in a variety of tumors, including breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, etc. Herein, we review the sources of eccDNA, classifications, and the mechanisms responsible for their biogenesis. In addition, we introduce the relationship between eccDNA and various cancers and the role of eccDNA in the generation and evolution of cancer. Finally, we summarize the research significance and importance of eccDNA in cancer, and highlight new prospects for the application of eccDNA in the future detection and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Daohai Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Nica I, Volovat C, Boboc D, Popa O, Ochiuz L, Vasincu D, Ghizdovat V, Agop M, Volovat CC, Lupascu Ursulescu C, Lungulescu CV, Volovat SR. A Holographic-Type Model in the Description of Polymer-Drug Delivery Processes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:541. [PMID: 38675501 PMCID: PMC11053585 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A unitary model of drug release dynamics is proposed, assuming that the polymer-drug system can be assimilated into a multifractal mathematical object. Then, we made a description of drug release dynamics that implies, via Scale Relativity Theory, the functionality of continuous and undifferentiable curves (fractal or multifractal curves), possibly leading to holographic-like behaviors. At such a conjuncture, the Schrödinger and Madelung multifractal scenarios become compatible: in the Schrödinger multifractal scenario, various modes of drug release can be "mimicked" (via period doubling, damped oscillations, modulated and "chaotic" regimes), while the Madelung multifractal scenario involves multifractal diffusion laws (Fickian and non-Fickian diffusions). In conclusion, we propose a unitary model for describing release dynamics in polymer-drug systems. In the model proposed, the polymer-drug dynamics can be described by employing the Scale Relativity Theory in the monofractal case or also in the multifractal one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nica
- Department of Odontology-Periodontology, Fixed Prosthesis, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Diana Boboc
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Popa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Lacramioara Ochiuz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Decebal Vasincu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Vlad Ghizdovat
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Maricel Agop
- Department of Physics, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Romanian Scientists Academy, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Constantin Volovat
- Department of Radiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.C.V.); (C.L.U.)
| | - Corina Lupascu Ursulescu
- Department of Radiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.C.V.); (C.L.U.)
| | | | - Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Gomez EW, De Paula LB, Weimer RD, Hellwig AHDS, Rodrigues GM, Alegretti AP, de Oliveira JR. The potential of circHIPK3 as a biomarker in chronic myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1330592. [PMID: 38505596 PMCID: PMC10948418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1330592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by leukocytosis and left shift. The primary molecular alteration is the BCR::ABL1, chimeric oncoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity, responsible for the initial oncogenesis of the disease. Therapy of CML was revolutionized with the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but it is still not considered curative and may present resistance and serious adverse effects. Discoveries in CML inaugurated a new era in cancer treatment and despite all the advances, a new biomarker is needed to detect resistance and adverse effects. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special type of non-coding RNA formed through a process called backsplicing. The majority of circRNAs are derived from protein-coding genes. CircHIPK3 is formed from the second exon of the HIPK3 gene and has been found in various pathologies, including different types of cancer. New approaches have demonstrated the potential of circular RNAs in cancer research, and circHIPK3 has shown promising results. It is often associated with cellular regulatory pathways, suggesting an important role in the molecular dynamics of tumors. The identification of biomarkers is an important tool for therapeutic improvement; thus we review the role of circHIPK3 and its potential as a biomarker in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Wandame Gomez
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics and Inflammation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Laboratory Diagnostic Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Berti De Paula
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics and Inflammation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Diogo Weimer
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics and Inflammation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Grazielle Motta Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Laboratory Diagnostic Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alegretti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Laboratory Diagnostic Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics and Inflammation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang L, Zheng P, Zi G, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38429828 PMCID: PMC10908151 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guisha Zi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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13
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Zhang J, Tang K, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Duan S, Wang H, Yang H, Yang D, Fan W. Tumor microenvironment-responsive degradable silica nanoparticles: design principles and precision theranostic applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:186-214. [PMID: 38164973 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates in the field of nanomedicine due to their remarkable versatility and customizable properties. However, concerns about their potential toxicity in healthy tissues and organs have hindered their widespread clinical translation. To address this challenge, significant attention has been directed toward a specific subset of silica nanoparticles, namely degradable silica nanoparticles, primarily because of their excellent biocompatibility and responsive biodegradability. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of degradable silica nanoparticles, categorizing them into two distinct groups: inorganic species-doped and organic moiety-doped silica nanoparticles based on their framework components. Next, the recent progress of tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive degradable silica nanoparticles for precision theranostic applications is summarized in detail. Finally, current bottlenecks and future opportunities of theranostic nanomedicines based on degradable silica nanoparticles in clinical applications are also outlined and discussed. The aim of this comprehensive review is to shed light on the potential of degradable silica nanoparticles in addressing current challenges in nanomedicine, offering insights into their design, applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment, and paving the way for future advancements in clinical theranostic nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Tang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Zilu Liu
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Shufan Duan
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P. R. China.
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing 210048, P. R. China.
| | - Wenpei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
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14
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Oliveira-Martins S, Lopes MC, Cardoso Dos Santos A, Advinha AM. Portuguese Global Medicines Access Index 2021-An Indicator to Measure Access to Hospital Medicines. Value Health Reg Issues 2024; 41:80-85. [PMID: 38262256 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Access to innovative and effective medication is a citizen's right. The main objectives of this study were to build an indicator to measure access to medicines within hospitals, the Global Medicines Access Index, and to identify the main existing barriers. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out in Portuguese National Health Service hospitals. A consensus methodology (expert panel of 7 members) was used to define which dimensions should be included in the index and the weighting that each should take. The panel identified 6 dimensions: access to innovative medicines, proximity distribution, shortages, access to medicines before financing decision, value-based healthcare, and access to medication depending on cost/funding. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire (September 2021). RESULTS The response rate was 61.2%. Most hospitals used medicines with and without marketing authorization before the funding decision. Monitoring and generating evidence of new therapies results is still insufficient. The identified barriers were the administrative burden as the major barrier in purchasing medicines, with a relevant impact on shortages of medicines. Most respondents (87%) had a proximity distribution program, mainly implemented in the pandemic context, and the price/funding model was only identified by 10% as a barrier to access. The 2021 Global Medicines Access Index was 66%. Shortages and value-based use of medicines were the dimensions that had more influence in lowering the index value. CONCLUSIONS The new formula used to obtain a unique and multidimensional index for access to hospital medicines seems to be more sensitive and objective and will be used to monitor access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Oliveira-Martins
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre, University of Évora. Évora, Portugal.
| | | | | | - Ana Margarida Advinha
- CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre, University of Évora. Évora, Portugal; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
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15
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Wang S, Hu N, Deng B, Wang H, Qiao R, Li C. A Guanosine-Derived Antitumor Supramolecular Prodrug. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:290-302. [PMID: 38065622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The prodrug strategy for its potential to enhance the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, especially chemotherapeutic agents, has been widely recognized as an important means to improve therapeutic efficiency. Irinotecan's active metabolite, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), a borate derivative, was incorporated into a G-quadruplex hydrogel (GB-SN38) by the ingenious and simple approach. Drug release does not depend on carboxylesterase, thus bypassing the side effects caused by ineffective activation, but specifically responds to the ROS-overexpressed tumor microenvironment by oxidative hydrolysis of borate ester that reduces serious systemic toxicity from nonspecific biodistribution of SN38. Comprehensive spectroscopy was used to define the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the drug-loaded hydrogel. The GB-SN38 hydrogel's high level of biosafety and notable tumor-suppressive properties were proven in in vitro and in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Nanrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Renzhong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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16
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Khabour OF, Abuhammad S, Alzoubi KH, Alkofahi AS. Coriandrum sativum and Aloysia triphylla can Protect the Development of Cancer: An in Vivo Study using Mouse Painting Assay. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:455-462. [PMID: 37592785 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230817101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to examine the protective properties of Coriandrum sativum and Aloysia triphylla against the development of skin cancer. METHODS The skin cancer balb/c mouse model was utilized in the study. Plant extracts were administered to animals using oral gavage. In addition, skin cancer was induced using 7,12-dimethylbenz( a) anthracene (DMBA). RESULTS The study found that A. triphylla extract reduced both tumor incidence (P<0.01) and papilloma frequency (P<0.001) and delayed the onset of tumor development (P<0.001). The A. triphylla extract did not affect tumor size in animals. C. sativum leaf extract reduced the number of tumors per animal, the incidence of tumors, and the frequency of papilloma (P<0.05). In addition, it delayed (P<0.01) the onset of tumors. Treatment of animals with C. sativum seed extract reduced the frequency of papilloma (P<0.05) and delayed the onset of tumors (P<0.05). However, the examined plant extracts did not impact the size of tumors induced by DMBA (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that C. sativum and A. triphylla could protect against cancer development as indicated using the animal model of skin painting assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad S Alkofahi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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17
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Al Sukhun S, Temin S, Barrios CH, Antone NZ, Guerra YC, Mac Gregor MC, Chopra R, Danso MA, Gomez HL, Homian NM, Kandil A, Kithaka B, Koczwara B, Moy B, Nakigudde G, Petracci FE, Rugo HS, El Saghir NS, Arun BK. Systemic Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300285. [PMID: 38206277 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To guide clinicians and policymakers in three global resource-constrained settings on treating patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) when Maximal setting-guideline recommended treatment is unavailable. METHODS A multidisciplinary, multinational panel reviewed existing ASCO guidelines and conducted modified ADAPTE and formal consensus processes. RESULTS Four published resource-agnostic guidelines were adapted for resource-constrained settings; informing two rounds of formal consensus; recommendations received ≥75% agreement. RECOMMENDATIONS Clinicians should recommend treatment according to menopausal status, pathological and biomarker features when quality results are available. In first-line, for hormone receptor (HR)-positive MBC, when a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor and CDK 4/6 inhibitor combination is unavailable, use hormonal therapy alone. For life-threatening disease, use single-agent chemotherapy or surgery for local control. For premenopausal patients, use ovarian suppression or ablation plus hormone therapy in Basic settings. For human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive MBC, if trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and chemotherapy are unavailable, use trastuzumab and chemotherapy; if unavailable, use chemotherapy. For HER2-positive, HR-positive MBC, use standard first-line therapy, or endocrine therapy if contraindications. For triple-negative MBC with unknown PD-L1 status, or if PD-L1-positive and immunotherapy unavailable, use single-agent chemotherapy. For germline BRCA1/2 mutation-positive MBC, if poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor is unavailable, use hormonal therapy (HR-positive MBC) and chemotherapy (HR-negative MBC). In second-line, for HR-positive MBC, Enhanced setting recommendations depend on prior treatment; for Limited, use tamoxifen or chemotherapy. For HER2-positive MBC, if trastuzumab deruxtecan is unavailable, use trastuzumab emtansine; if unavailable, capecitabine and lapatinib; if unavailable, trastuzumab and/or chemotherapy (hormonal therapy alone for HR-positive MBC).Additional information is available at www.asco.org/resource-stratified-guidelines. It is ASCO's view that healthcare providers and system decision-makers should be guided by the recommendations for the highest stratum of resources available. The guideline is intended to complement but not replace local guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Temin
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | | | - Yanin Chavarri Guerra
- Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alaa Kandil
- Alexandria Comprehensive Cancer Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Banu K Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Hossan A, Alsahag M, Alisaac A, Bamaga MA, Alalawy AI, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis, molecular modelling and biological evaluation of new 4-aminothiophene and thienopyrimidine compounds. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2023.2164993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hossan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Alsahag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alisaac
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid A. Bamaga
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques Institute of Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel I. Alalawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Thakur S. Real-World Evidence Studies in Oncology Therapeutics: Hope or Hype? Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:829-835. [PMID: 38187834 PMCID: PMC10767035 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) remains a gold standard in evidence-based medicine for assessing the efficacy and safety of cancer therapies. However, due to some inherent methodological limitations of RCT, such as stringent inclusion criteria, highly specific treatment, ethical and scientific compromise in rare cancer, and inability to adequately assess safety, real-world evidence (RWE) has been adjudged as a suitable option to complement data obtained from RCT. Moreover, in the context of cancer therapeutics, few notable merits pertain to developing a novel product for rare cancer subtypes, establishing new indications for already approved drugs, optimization of treatment regimen and sequence, a better description of long-term safety, and supporting the reimbursement-related decision. However, the implementation of RWE for the aforementioned purposes will be limited by various challenges, especially in the context of developing economies such as India. Special attention should be given to the availability of data, maintaining the quality standard, and establishing stringent regulations for privacy and security along with active regulatory engagement with relevant stakeholders. Such activities will be key to facilitating the use of RWE in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanta Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, MJNMC&H, Vivekananda Street, Pilkhana, Cooch Behar 736101 India
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20
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Barone A, Zimbo AM, d'Avanzo N, Tolomeo AM, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Celia C, Scalise M, Torella D, La Deda M, Iaccino E, Paolino D. Thermoresponsive M1 macrophage-derived hybrid nanovesicles for improved in vivo tumor targeting. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:3154-3168. [PMID: 37365403 PMCID: PMC10624726 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the efforts and advances done in the last few decades, cancer still remains one of the main leading causes of death worldwide. Nanomedicine and in particular extracellular vesicles are one of the most potent tools to improve the effectiveness of anticancer therapies. In these attempts, the aim of this work is to realize a hybrid nanosystem through the fusion between the M1 macrophages-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs-M1) and thermoresponsive liposomes, in order to obtain a drug delivery system able to exploit the intrinsic tumor targeting capability of immune cells reflected on EVs and thermoresponsiveness of synthetic nanovesicles. The obtained nanocarrier has been physicochemically characterized, and the hybridization process has been validated by cytofluorimetric analysis, while the thermoresponsiveness was in vitro confirmed through the use of a fluorescent probe. Tumor targeting features of hybrid nanovesicles were in vivo investigated on melanoma-induced mice model monitoring the accumulation in tumor site through live imaging and confirmed by cytofluorimetric analysis, showing higher targeting properties of hybrid nanosystem compared to both liposomes and native EVs. These promising results confirmed the ability of this nanosystem to combine the advantages of both nanotechnologies, also highlighting their potential use as effective and safe personalized anticancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Barone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zimbo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food, Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food, Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus G. 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo La Deda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology U.O.S, 87036, Cosenza, Rende, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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21
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Hagar FF, Abbas SH, Gomaa HAM, Youssif BGM, Sayed AM, Abdelhamid D, Abdel-Aziz M. Chalcone/1,3,4-Oxadiazole/Benzimidazole hybrids as novel anti-proliferative agents inducing apoptosis and inhibiting EGFR & BRAFV 600E. BMC Chem 2023; 17:116. [PMID: 37716963 PMCID: PMC10504751 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most robust global challenges and difficulties in the 21st century is cancer. Treating cancer is a goal which continues to motivate researchers to innovate in design and development of new treatments to help battle the disease. OBJECTIVES Our objective was developing new antiapoptotic hybrids based on biologically active heterocyclic motifs "benzimidazole?oxadiazole-chalcone hybrids'' that had shown promising ability to inhibit EGFR and induce apoptosis. We expected these scaffolds to display anticancer activity via inhibition of BRAF, EGFR, and Bcl-2 and induction of apoptosis through activation of caspases. METHODS The new hybrids 7a-x were evaluated for their anti-proliferative, EGFR & BRAFV600E inhibitory, and apoptosis induction activities were detected. Docking study & dynamic stimulation into EGFR and BRAFV600E were studied. RESULTS All hybrids exhibited remarkable cell growth inhibition on the four tested cell lines with IC50 ranging from 0.95 μM to 12.50 μM. which was comparable to Doxorubicin. Compounds 7k-m had the most potent EGFR inhibitory activity. While, compounds 7e, 7g, 7k and 7l showed good inhibitory activities against BRAFV600E. Furthermore, Compounds 7k, 7l, and 7m increased Caspases 3,8 & 9, Cytochrome C and Bax levels and decreased Bcl-2 protein levels. Compounds 7k-m received the best binding scores and showed binding modes that were almost identical to each other and comparable with that of the co-crystalized Erlotinib in EGFR and BRAF active sites. CONCLUSION Compounds 7k-m could be used as potential apoptotic anti-proliferative agents upon further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Fouad Hagar
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Hesham A M Gomaa
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, 62513, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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22
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Wilson BE, Sullivan R, Peto R, Abubakar B, Booth C, Werutsky G, Adams C, Saint-Raymond A, Fleming TR, Lyerly K, Gralow JR. Global Cancer Drug Development-A Report From the 2022 Accelerating Anticancer Agent Development and Validation Meeting. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2300294. [PMID: 37944089 PMCID: PMC10645408 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly expanding systemic treatment options, combined with improved screening, diagnostic, surgical, and radiotherapy techniques, have led to improved survival outcomes for many cancers over time. However, these overall survival gains have disproportionately benefited patients in high-income countries, whereas patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to experience challenges in accessing timely and guideline concordant care. In September 2022, the Accelerating Anticancer Agent Development and Validation workshop was held, focusing on global cancer drug development. Panelists discussed key barriers such as the lack of diagnostic services and human resources, drug accessibility and affordability, lack of research infrastructure, and regulatory and authorization challenges, with a particular focus on Africa and Latin America. Potential opportunities to improve access and affordability were reviewed, such as the importance of prioritizing investments in diagnostics, investing health infrastructure and work force planning, coordinated drug procurement efforts and streamlined regulatory processing, incentivized pricing through regulatory change, and the importance of developing and promoting clinical trials that can answer relevant clinical questions for patients in LMICs. As a cancer community, we must continue to advocate for and work toward equitable access to high-quality interventions for patients, regardless of their geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Wilson
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Peto
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bello Abubakar
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Gustavo Werutsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cary Adams
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Agnes Saint-Raymond
- International Affairs Division, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kim Lyerly
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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23
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wagner AK, Li H, Shi L, Guan X. The impact of government reimbursement negotiation on targeted anticancer medicines use and cost in China: A cohort study based on national health insurance data. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04083. [PMID: 37566690 PMCID: PMC10420358 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High prices of targeted anticancer medicines (TAMs) result in financial toxicity for patients and the health insurance system. How national price negotiation and reimbursement policy affect the accessibility of TAMs for cancer patients remains unknown. Methods In this population-based cohort study, we used national health insurance claims data in 2017 and identified adult patients with cancer diagnoses for which price-negotiated TAMs were indicated. We estimated the half-month prevalence of price-negotiated TAMs use before and after the policy implementation in September 2017. We calculated direct medical costs, out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, and the proportion of OOP cost for each cancer patient to measure their financial burden attributable to TAMs use. We performed segmented linear and multivariable logistic regression to analyse the policy impact. Results We included 39 391 of a total 118 655 cancer beneficiaries. After September 2017, the prevalence of price-negotiated TAMs use increased from 1.4%-2.1% to 2.9%-3.1% (P = 0.005); TAMs users' daily medical costs increased from US$261.3 to US$292.5 (P < 0.001), while median daily OOP costs (US$68.2 vs US$65.7; P = 0.134) and OOP costs as a proportion of daily medical costs persisted (28.5% vs 28.5%; P = 0.995). Compared with resident beneficiaries, the relative probability of urban employee beneficiaries on TAMs uses decreased after the policy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.4 vs aOR = 2.2). Conclusions The government price negotiation and reimbursement policy improved patient access to TAMs and narrowed disparities among insurance schemes. China's approach to promoting the affordability of expensive medicines provides valuable experience for health policy decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Anita K Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huangqianyu Li
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luwen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Guan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Research Center for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Ladner J, Madi F, Jayasundera R, Saba J, Audureau E. Phone contacts and treatment discontinuation predict survival cancer patients in a subsidized drug access program. J Comp Eff Res 2023; 12:e220210. [PMID: 37278943 PMCID: PMC10508316 DOI: 10.57264/cer-2022-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Survival of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma is lower in in low- and middle-income countries, but factors leading to these outcomes are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify predictive factors associated with overall survival among cancer patients undergoing therapy in seven low- and middle-income countries. Materials & methods: A multicenter cohort was conducted in Egypt, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Thailand and Ukraine. Results. A total of 460 patients were included. Phone-based support during patient follow-up and number of patients seen by the physician provided a positive impact, while the number of adverse events remains a predictor of death and physician decision to stop treatment. Conclusion: Furthers research on the potential benefit of phone-based programs to support patients with chronic diseases treatments should be explored in less developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Ladner
- Epidemiology & Health Promotion Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Farah Madi
- Axios International Consultants Ltd, Dubai, UAE
| | | | | | - Etienne Audureau
- Paris Est Université, hôpital Henri Mondor Hôpital, Public Heath, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, 94000, France
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25
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Ma Y, Peng J, Yao X, Feng L, Shi X, Jiang M. Access to anticancer medicines in public hospitals of Northwestern China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1182617. [PMID: 37275477 PMCID: PMC10235455 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the accessibility of anticancer medicines in public hospitals of Shaanxi, a representative province of Northwestern China. Methods Thirty-one anticancer medicines were investigated in 146 designated public hospitals in 10 cities of Shaanxi Province. We used medicine procurement data from the Shaanxi Drug Centralized Purchasing Platform during 2019-2021. Primary outcomes included the availability, drug utilization, and affordability of anticancer medicines. Results The mean availability of 31 anticancer medicines increased significantly from 5.45% in 2019 to 14.72% in 2021. The mean availability of nationally negotiated medicines was significantly lower than that of Class B medicines (8.72% vs. 12.85%, p = 0.048), whilst the availability of injectable medicines was significantly greater than that of oral medicines (13.66% vs. 8.77%, p = 0.007). In 2019-2021, the annual mean amount purchased increased significantly from CNY 6.51 million to CNY 18.56 million (p = 0.007). The mean defined daily doses of 31 medicines significantly rose from 225.50 to 1019.50 (p = 0.008) whereas their defined daily drug cost significantly decreased from CNY 551.15 to CNY 404.50 (p < 0.001). The percentage of catastrophic health expenditure decreased from 71.0 to 51.65% and from 90.30 to 80.60% for urban and rural residents, respectively. The affordability of nationally negotiated medicines was significantly lower than that of Class B medicines (p = 0.032), and the affordability of injectable medicines had no significant difference compared to that of oral medicines (p = 0.124) for both urban and rural residents. Conclusion The accessibility of anticancer medicines improved dramatically in public hospitals of Northwestern China during the period 2019-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an, China
| | - Liuxin Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinke Shi
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Minghuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
- Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an, China
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26
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Khaliq NU, Lee J, Kim J, Kim Y, Yu S, Kim J, Kim S, Sung D, Kim H. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Gene Delivery Platform for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051432. [PMID: 37242674 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major global health challenge. Traditional chemotherapy often results in side effects and drug resistance, necessitating the development of alternative treatment strategies such as gene therapy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) offer many advantages as a gene delivery carrier, including high loading capacity, controlled drug release, and easy surface functionalization. MSNs are biodegradable and biocompatible, making them promising candidates for drug delivery applications. Recent studies demonstrating the use of MSNs for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to cancer cells have been reviewed, along with their potential as a tool for cancer therapy. The major challenges and future interventions of MSNs as gene delivery carriers for cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ul Khaliq
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yu
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekyung Sung
- Center for Bio-Healthcare Materials, Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
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Global Oncology Medical Diplomacy Working Group Inaugural Meeting: Defining Worldwide Barriers to Germline Genomics in Cancer Prevention and Management. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:16. [PMID: 36843667 PMCID: PMC9951627 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We convened an international working group to examine the issues that challenge equity and inclusion in genetic medicine. Specifically, 72 internationally known experts in oncology and cancer genetics from 34 countries (the Global Oncology Medical Diplomacy Working Group), gathered virtually on January 4-5, 2022, for the "Humanity Cancer Germline Convergence and Divergence Cancer Predispositions" conference hosted by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, in collaboration with the United Arab Emirates Ministry of Health and the Al Jalila Foundation. The goal of the conference was to broaden transnational understanding of the current state of genetics in preventive and therapeutic cancer medicine, and to define barriers to increased uptake of germline genomics to decrease the international burden of cancer. Here, we highlight the overarching barriers that were defined through this effort. These global barriers to incorporating germline genomics into optimal cancer care can inform ongoing research, collaboration, and advocacy for equitable, cost-effective genomic medicine for populations worldwide.
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28
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Lengyel CG, Habeeb BS, Altuna SC, Trapani D, Khan SZ, Hussain S. The Global Landscape on the Access to Cancer Medicines for Breast Cancer: The ONCOLLEGE Experience. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 188:353-368. [PMID: 38175353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing global debate over barriers affecting the timely access to innovative anticancer therapies. Access to medicines is often traced back to the issue of costs: however, more commonly, the distance between valuable innovative treatments and the actual treatment of patients is far beyond the mere problem of financial barriers. A comprehensive approach to understand, assess to medicines should be pursued, to dissect the determinants and formulate solutions for all patients. In this chapter, we discuss drivers of access to innovation for patients with breast cancer, based on a case study of access to HER2-diagnositcs and therapeutics yielding a global landscape analysis, based on the efforts and expertise of the global collaborative group "ONCOLLEGE".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baker Shalal Habeeb
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaqlawa Teaching Hospital, Shaqlawa, Erbil, 44005, Iraq
| | | | - Dario Trapani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Shah Zeb Khan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Bannu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy (BINOR), Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Hussain
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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29
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Bittner B. Customer-centric product presentations for monoclonal antibodies. AAPS OPEN 2023; 9:3. [PMID: 36713112 PMCID: PMC9869842 DOI: 10.1186/s41120-022-00069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivering customer-centric product presentations for biotherapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), represents a long-standing and paramount area of engagement for pharmaceutical scientists. Activities include improving experience with the dosing procedure, reducing drug administration-related expenditures, and ultimately shifting parenteral treatments outside of a controlled healthcare institutional setting. In times of increasingly cost-constrained markets and reinforced with the coronavirus pandemic, this discipline of "Product Optimization" in healthcare has gained momentum and changed from a nice-to-have into a must. This review summarizes latest trends in the healthcare ecosystem that inform key strategies for developing customer-centric products, including the availability of a wider array of sustainable drug delivery options and treatment management plans that support dosing in a flexible care setting. Three disease area archetypes with varying degree of implementation of customer-centric concepts are introduced to highlight relevant market differences and similarities. Namely, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and oncology have been chosen due to differences in the availability of subcutaneously dosed and ready-to-use self-administration products for mAb medicines and their follow-on biologics. Different launch scenarios are described from a manufacturer's perspective highlighting the necessity of platform approaches. To unfold the full potential of customer-centric care, value-based healthcare provider reimbursement schemes that incentivize the efficiency of care need to be broadly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Bittner
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Global Product Strategy - Product Optimization, Grenzacher Strasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Zhu W, Oakey A, Royall PG, Waters TP, Cherrett T, Theobald K, Bester AM, Lucas R. Investigating the influence of drone flight on the stability of cancer medicines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278873. [PMID: 36607896 PMCID: PMC9821719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) are being used in the treatment of both malignant and non-malignant diseases and whilst highly effective, certain products have very short expiry times. Clinical deterioration and supply chain disruption can often lead to wastage and there is a need to reduce this by improving efficiency in logistics practices between manufacturing sites and administration locations. This study aimed to investigate the influence of drone flight on the stability of cancer medicines. Clinically expired, premanufactured monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were investigated, contained inside instrumented Versapaks, and flown in a Skylift (Mugin) V50 vertical take-off and landing drone through seven phases of flight, (take-off, hover, transition, cruise, transition, hover, and landing). Storage specifications (2-8°C) were met, and any vibrations emanating from the drone and transmitted through the packaging during flight were monitored using accelerometers. Vibration occurred largely above 44 Hz which was consistent with rotor speeds during operation and was significantly greater in amplitude during transition than in forward flight or in hover. Bench experiments validated assurance practices, exploring the edge-of-quality failure by applying extremes of rotational vibration to the mAbs. Aggregation and fragmentation represented a loss of quality in the mAbs and would pose a risk to patient safety. No significant difference was identified in the aggregation and fragmentation of all flown mAbs samples, indicating structural integrity. Flown mAbs in their infusion bags had similar particle sizes compared to controls, (Bevacizumab 11.8±0.17 nm vs. 11.6±0.05 nm, Trastuzumab 11.2±0.05 nm vs. 11.3±0.13 nm, Rituximab 11.4±0.27 nm vs. 11.5±0.05 nm) and aggregate content (Bevacizumab 1.25±0.03% vs 1.32±0.02% p = 0.11, Trastuzumab 0.15±0.06% vs. 0.16±0.06% p = 0.75, Rituximab 0.11±0.02% vs. 0.11±0.01% p = 0.73). The quality of the three mAbs was assured, suggesting that the V50 drone did not induce sufficient levels of vibration to adversely affect their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhu
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Oakey
- Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul G. Royall
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim P. Waters
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Cherrett
- Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Theobald
- Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ans-Mari Bester
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight NHS Trust, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Lucas
- Portsmouth Pharmacy Manufacturing Unit, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Kelner M, Carvalho da Silva B, Montella T, Aguiar PN, Lopes G, Ferreira CG, De Marchi P. Discrepancies Between the Cost of Advanced Lung Cancer Treatment and How Much Is Reimbursed by the Brazilian Public Healthcare System. Value Health Reg Issues 2023; 33:1-6. [PMID: 36162194 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and most patients are diagnosed of advanced disease. Molecular-targeted therapy and immunotherapy increase survival among these patients. In this study, we compared the cost of the best treatments available with the amount reimbursed by the Brazilian public healthcare system (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]) to treat advanced lung cancer. METHODS The authors divided lung cancer into 10 subtypes according to histology and molecular profile. A panel of experts defined the best treatment sequencing for each subtype. The authors considered only drug costs retrieved from the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency official data. The progression-free survival of each regimen was considered as treatment duration. The cost estimate included all postprogression therapies weighted by each subtype proportional frequency. The amount reimbursed by SUS was the sum of the monthly budget accumulated during the estimated treatment duration and then for the proportional frequency of each subtype. RESULTS The budget reimbursed by SUS for treating each advanced lung cancer case in Brazil is R$8000.00 in average whereas the cost estimate for the best treatment available is R$729 454.00 per case, which represents a difference of 9118%. The budget impact to ensure the reimbursement needed to acquire the best treatments available was estimated in near R$13 billion annually. CONCLUSIONS The cost estimate of the best treatment available for advanced lung cancer in Brazil is much higher than the amount reimbursed by SUS. This budgetary gap leads to a major access barrier that may compromise the survival outcomes of SUS users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gilberto Lopes
- Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Miller School of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Pedro De Marchi
- Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Grupo Translacional de Oncologia Toracica, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Moodley Y, Govender K, van Wyk J, Reddy S, Ning Y, Wexner S, Stopforth L, Bhadree S, Naidoo V, Kader S, Cheddie S, Neugut AI, Kiran RP. Predictors of treatment refusal in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Semin Oncol 2022; 49:456-464. [PMID: 36754712 PMCID: PMC10023422 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review was conducted to investigate predictors of treatment refusal in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. An understanding of these predictors would inform statistical models for the identification of high-risk patients who might benefit from interventions that seek to improve treatment compliance. We performed a search of PubMed and Scopus to identify potentially relevant studies on predictors of treatment refusal in CRC patients that were published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2021. We screened manuscripts using predefined eligibility criteria. Information on study design, study location, patient characteristics, treatments, rates and predictors of treatment refusal, and the impact of treatment refusal on mortality or survival were collected from eligible studies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score. The overall findings of the review process were summarized using descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis. A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Ten studies reported on refusal of CRC surgery, refusal rate: 0.25%-3.26%; three studies reported on chemotherapy refusal (one of which reported on both surgery and chemotherapy refusal), refusal rate: 7.8%-41.5%; and one study reported on refusal of any cancer treatment, refusal rate: 8.7%. The bulk of the published literature confirmed the harmful association between treatment refusal and poor survival outcomes in CRC patients. Frequently cited predictors of treatment refusal included patient demographic characteristics (age, race, gender), clinical characteristics (disease stage, comorbidity), and factors that impact access to cancer care services (healthcare insurance, facility level). Potentially high rates of treatment refusal pose a challenge to CRC control. This review has identified several factors which must be considered when attempting to reduce treatment refusal in CRC patients. Furthermore, these factors should be tested as components of predictive risk models for this important outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshan Moodley
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Kumeren Govender
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline van Wyk
- School of Clinical Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Health Sciences Education, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Seren Reddy
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yuming Ning
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Wexner
- Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Laura Stopforth
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shona Bhadree
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vasudevan Naidoo
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shakeel Kader
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shalen Cheddie
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Group, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravi P Kiran
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Li K, Pi C, Wen J, He Y, Yuan J, Shen H, Zhao W, Zeng M, Song X, Lee RJ, Wei Y, Zhao L. Formulation of the novel structure curcumin derivative-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: synthesis, optimization, characterization and anti-tumor activity screening in vitro. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2044-2057. [PMID: 35775475 PMCID: PMC9255223 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2092235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of structural modification of Curcumin (CU) combined with the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) drug delivery system on anti-tumor activity in vitro. A new structure of Curcumin derivative (CU1) was successfully synthesized by modifying the phenolic hydroxyl group of CU. CU1 was two times more stable than CU at 45 °C or constant light. The SLN containing CU1 (CU1-SLN) was prepared, and the particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and zeta potential of CU1-SLN were (104.1 ± 2.43) nm, 0.22 ± 0.008, (95.1 ± 0.38) %, (4.28 ± 0.02) %, and (28.3 ± 1.60) mV, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that CU1 is amorphous in SLN. CU1-SLN released the drug slowly for 48 h, while CU and CU1 were released rapidly within 8 h. In terms of cytotoxicity, CU1 exhibited a 1.5-fold higher inhibition than CU against A549 and SMMC-7721 cells, while CU1-SLN showed 2-fold higher inhibition than CU1. Both CU1 and CU1-SLN reduced the toxicity in normal hepatocytes compared with CU (2.6-fold and 12.9-fold, respectively). CU1-SLN showed a significant apoptotic effect (p < 0.05). In summary, CU1 retained the inhibitory effect of CU against tumor cells, while improving stability and safety. Additionally, CU1-SLN presents a promising strategy for the treatment of liver and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chao Pi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yingmeng He
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jiyuan Yuan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R China
| | - Hongping Shen
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R China
| | - Wenmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mingtang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
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LINC00491 Facilitates Tumor Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma via Wnt/β-Catenin-Signaling Pathway by Regulating MTSS1 Ubiquitination. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233737. [PMID: 36496997 PMCID: PMC9738320 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs have been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression through different regulatory mechanisms. It has been reported that aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNA LINC00491 promotes malignancy in multiple tumors, while the role of LINC00491 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is little reported and the mechanism for regulating tumor progression has not been elucidated. Methods: RNA sequencing and the TCGA database were combined to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs that facilitate tumor progression. The expression level of LINC00491 was examined in LUAD clinical samples and in cell lines using RT-qPCR. In vitro experiments including colony formation assay, EdU assay, cell migration and invasion assay and wound healing assay, and in vivo experiments including xenografting subcutaneous tumors and lung metastasis models were performed to investigate the function of LINC00491 in LUAD tumor progressions. RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RIP assays and truncation experiments were carried out to explore the proteins binding to LINC00491 and the specific interactions between the RNA-protein complex. Results: Our results showed that LINC0491 was significantly upregulated in LUAD and positively correlated with poor survival. High LINC00491 expression promoted proliferation, migration and invasion, and resulted in a high metastatic burden in LUAD. Using pull-down assay and mass spectrometry, MTSS1 was found binding to LINC00491, and the conducted experiments verified the direct interaction between LINC00491 and MTSS1. Meanwhile, LINC00491 was found to regulate MTSS1 degradation by promoting the MTSS1 ubiquitination level and then activating the Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway. LINC00491/MTSS1/β-catenin may act as a complex to facilitate tumor progression. Conclusions: In summary, our results found a novel mechanism in which LINC00491 directly interacts with MTSS1 by affecting its ubiquitination modification to promote LUAD proliferation, migration and invasion, then activating the Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway, demonstrating its significant role in tumor progression and suggesting that the LINC00491/MTSS1/Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway could serve as a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma in the future.
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A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews and Pooled Meta-Analysis on Psychosocial Interventions for Improving Cancer-Related Fatigue. Semin Oncol Nurs 2022:151354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2022.151354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Identification of TIMP2 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Correlation with Tumor Immune Microenvironment: A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9133636. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9133636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2), an endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, has been disclosed to participate in the development and carcinogenesis of multiple malignancies. However, the prognosis of TIMP2 in different cancers and its correlation with tumor microenvironment and immunity have not been clarified. Methods. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic value of TIMP2 in cancer patients by utilizing a series of databases, including Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, Metascape, and Sangerbox online tool. The expression of TIMP2 in different cancers was analyzed by Oncomine, TCGA, and GTEx databases, and mutation status of TIMP2 in cancers was then verified using the cBioPortal database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the TIMP family was exhibited by GeneMANIA. The prognosis of TIMP2 in cancers was performed though the GEPIA database and Cox regression. Additionally, the correlations between TIMP2 expression and immunity (immune cells, gene markers of immune cells, TMB, MSI, and neoantigen) were explored using Sangerbox online tool. Results. The transcriptional level of TIMP2 in most cancerous tissues was significantly elevated. Survival analysis revealed that an elevated expression of TIMP2 is associated with unfavorable survival outcome in multiple cancers. Enrichment analysis demonstrated the possible mechanisms of TIMPs and their associated genes mainly involved in pathways including extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators, degradation of ECM and ECM disassembly, and several other signaling pathways. Conclusions. Our findings systematically dissected that TIMP2 is a potential prognostic maker in various cancers and use the inhibitor of TIMP2, which may be an effective strategy for cancer therapy to improve the poor cancer survival and prognostic accuracy, but concrete mechanisms need to be validated by subsequent experiments.
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Soo R, Mery L, Bardot A, Kanesvaran R, Keong TC, Pongnikorn D, Prasongsook N, Hutajulu SH, Irawan C, Manan AA, Thiagarajan M, Sripan P, Peters S, Storm H, Bray F, Stahel R. Diagnostic work-up and systemic treatment for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer in four Southeast Asian countries. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100560. [PMID: 35988454 PMCID: PMC9588878 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Recent advances in molecular testing and targeted therapy have improved survival among patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We sought to quantify and describe molecular testing among metastatic non-squamous NSCLC cases in selected Southeast Asian countries and describe first-line therapy chosen. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted based on incident lung cancer cases diagnosed between 2017 and 2019 in Lampang (Thailand), Penang (Malaysia), Singapore and Yogyakarta (Indonesia). Cases (n = 3413) were defined using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology third edition. In Singapore, a clinical series obtained from the National Cancer Centre was used to identify patients, while corresponding population-based cancer registries were used elsewhere. Tumor and clinical information were abstracted by chart review according to a predefined study protocol. Molecular testing of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement, ROS1 gene rearrangement and BRAF V600 mutation was recorded. RESULTS Among 2962 cases with a specified pathological diagnosis (86.8%), most patients had non-squamous NSCLC (75.8%). For cases with staging information (92.1%), the majority presented with metastatic disease (71.3%). Overall, molecular testing rates in the 1528 patients with stage IV non-squamous NSCLC were 67.0% for EGFR, 42.3% for ALK, 39.1% for ROS1, 7.8% for BRAF and 36.1% for PD-L1. Among these patients, first-line systemic treatment included chemotherapy (25.9%), targeted therapy (35.6%) and immunotherapy (5.9%), with 31% of patients having no record of antitumor treatment. Molecular testing and the proportion of patients receiving treatment were highly heterogenous between the regions. CONCLUSIONS This first analysis of data from a clinically annotated registry for lung cancer from four settings in Southeast Asia has demonstrated the feasibility of integrating clinical data within population-based cancer registries. Our study results identify areas where further development could improve patient access to optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Soo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Mery
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - A Bardot
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - R Kanesvaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T C Keong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Pongnikorn
- Cancer Registry Unit, Lampang Cancer Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
| | - N Prasongsook
- Medical Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S H Hutajulu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - C Irawan
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - A Ab Manan
- Malaysian National Cancer Registry Department, National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - M Thiagarajan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P Sripan
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - S Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Storm
- Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - R Stahel
- ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation, Bern, Switzerland.
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Role of Paper-Based Sensors in Fight against Cancer for the Developing World. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090737. [PMID: 36140122 PMCID: PMC9496559 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major killers across the globe. According to the WHO, more than 10 million people succumbed to cancer in the year 2020 alone. The early detection of cancer is key to reducing the mortality rate. In low- and medium-income countries, the screening facilities are limited due to a scarcity of resources and equipment. Paper-based microfluidics provide a platform for a low-cost, biodegradable micro-total analysis system (µTAS) that can be used for the detection of critical biomarkers for cancer screening. This work aims to review and provide a perspective on various available paper-based methods for cancer screening. The work includes an overview of paper-based sensors, the analytes that can be detected and the detection, and readout methods used.
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Allahqoli L, Mazidimoradi A, Momenimovahed Z, Rahmani A, Hakimi S, Tiznobaik A, Gharacheh M, Salehiniya H, Babaey F, Alkatout I. The Global Incidence, Mortality, and Burden of Breast Cancer in 2019: Correlation With Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use. Front Oncol 2022; 12:921015. [PMID: 35965518 PMCID: PMC9363894 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.921015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female breast cancer (FBC) is the most common type of cancer and is associated with a considerable disease burden as well as significant mortality rates. The present study aimed to provide an update on the incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC in 2019, based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. Materials The incidence, death rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), the age-standardized rates (ASR) of FBC in 204 countries, and a variety of classifications, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Data on tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and drug use were collected. The incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC were registered and compared between regions. Associations between age-standardized incidence rates and age-standardized mortality rates of FBC with smoking, drinking, and drug use were determined. Results The highest incidence of FBC was observed in countries with a high socioeconomic status such as those of the European continent. Despite the lower incidence of FBC in countries with a low socio-demographic index (SDI), mortality rates secondary to FBC are higher in these countries than in high-income countries. The highest age-standardized mortality rate has been reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), followed by the African Region (AFRO). The highest age-standardized rates of DALY and YLL per 100,000 population in 2019 were observed in lower-income countries, while the highest ASR of YLD per 100,000 population was reported in high-income countries. Conclusion The present GBD-based study provides a comprehensive review of the incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC in 2019. The incidence of FBC is higher in regions with a higher socioeconomic status, whereas mortality rates and DALYs are higher in poorly developed regions. We suggest better screening measures and early detection programs for the latter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Allahqoli
- Midwifery Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrooz Mazidimoradi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohre Momenimovahed
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Azam Rahmani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevil Hakimi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azita Tiznobaik
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Mother and Child Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharacheh
- Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farah Babaey
- Head of Midwifery Department at Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel School of Gynaecological Endoscopy, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ibrahim Alkatout,
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Huang H, Zhu Q, Ga M, Wu D, Meng X, Wang S, Fang H, Tang Y, Li N. Availability and Affordability of Oncology Drugs in 2012-2021 in China and the United States. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930846. [PMID: 35936746 PMCID: PMC9355250 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically summarize the landscape and characteristics of all approved new anticancer drugs for the last 10 years in China and the United States (US) to further inform the trend, current state, and existing gap in the availability and affordability of cancer medicine between the two countries. Methods Mainly based on the Pharmcube database, a list and detailed information of anticancer drugs approved in China and the United States were acquired. The annual number, time lag, and basic characteristics, including drug type, mechanism, enterprise type, indication population, drug target, and cancer type of approved drugs were compared. Results Eighty-seven and 118 new anticancer drugs were approved in China and the US, respectively, showing a stable trend in the US, while a significant increase was observed after 2016 in China. Of the 42 cancer medicines launched in both countries, the US took precedence, and the median time lag markedly decreased, from 6.53 years in 2012 to 0.88 years in 2020. A total of 14.4% of drugs were applicable to children in the US, while only 2.3% were applicable in China, and there was no difference in drug type and enterprise. Thirty-one and 43 targets were explored, with respect to 27 and 36 cancer types in China and the US, respectively, during the period. In addition, the expenditure of drugs on PD-1 and PD-L1 in China was generally lower than that in America. Conclusion The availability of new anticancer drugs has increased dramatically in the past decade, particularly in China. Compared with the US, the launch of new anticancer drugs in China lags behind, but the time lag has been shortened significantly, and better affordability is observed in immune drugs. More attention should be given to differentiated innovation, and unmet medical needs in special populations like childhood tumors, which are important directions of new drug R&D in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Huang
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Ga
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Li,
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Mima K, Nakagawa S, Miyata T, Yamashita Y, Baba H. Frailty and surgical outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer: Integration of geriatric assessment and prehabilitation into surgical practice for vulnerable patients. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2022; 7:27-41. [PMID: 36643358 PMCID: PMC9831909 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, the older population continues to grow rapidly, resulting in increased requirement for surgery for older patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Older individuals represent a heterogeneous group in terms of physiological reserves, co-morbidity, cognitive impairment, and disability. Owing to the lack of treatment guidelines for vulnerable patients with gastrointestinal cancer, these patients are more likely to be at risk of undertreatment or overtreatment. Hence, the identification of frail patients with gastrointestinal cancer would improve cancer treatment outcomes. Although there is no standardized geriatric assessment tool, a growing body of research has shown associations of frailty with adverse postoperative outcomes and poor prognosis after resection of gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Emerging evidence suggests that prehabilitation, which includes exercise and nutritional support, can improve preoperative functional capacity, postoperative recovery, and surgical outcomes, particularly in frail patients with gastrointestinal cancer. We reviewed major geriatric assessment tools for identification of frail patients and summarized clinical studies on frailty and surgical outcomes, as well as prehabilitation or rehabilitation in gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. The integration of preoperative geriatric assessment and prehabilitation of frail patients in clinical practice may improve surgical outcomes. In addition, improving preoperative vulnerability and preventing functional decline after surgery is important in providing favorable long-term survival in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Further clinical trials are needed to examine the effects of minimally invasive surgery, and chemotherapy in frail patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yo‐ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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Zhu H, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Shan L, Li C, Cui Y, Kang Z, Jiao M, Liu H, Gao L, Wu Q, Hao Y. Impact of the National Reimbursement Drug List Negotiation Policy on Accessibility of Anticancer Drugs in China: An Interrupted Time Series Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:921093. [PMID: 35844892 PMCID: PMC9283976 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.921093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveSince 2016, the Chinese government has been regularly implementing the National Reimbursement Drug List Negotiation (NRDLN) to improve the accessibility of drugs. In the second round of NRDLN in July 2017, 18 anticancer drugs were included. This study analyzed the impact of the NRDLN on the accessibility of these 18 anticancer drugs in China.MethodsNational hospital procurement data were collected from 2015 to 2019. As measurements of drug accessibility, monthly average of drug availability or defined daily dose cost (DDDc) was calculated. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of NRDLN on drug accessibility. Multilevel growth curve models were estimated for different drug categories, regions or levels of hospitals.ResultsThe overall availability of 18 anticancer drugs increased from about 10.5% in 2015 to slightly over 30% in 2019. The average DDDc dropped from 527.93 CNY in 2015 to 401.87 CNY in 2019, with a reduction of 23.88%. The implementation of NRDLN was associated with higher availability and lower costs for all 18 anticancer drugs. We found an increasing level in monthly drug availability (β2 = 2.1126), which ascended more sharply after the implementation of NRDLN (β3 = 0.3656). There was a decreasing level in DDDc before July 2017 (β2 = −108.7213), together with a significant decline in the slope associated with the implementation of NRDLN (β3 = −4.8332). Compared to Traditional Chinese Medicines, the availability of Western Medicines was higher and increased at a higher rate (β3 = 0.4165 vs. 0.1108). Drug availability experienced a larger instant and slope increase in western China compared to other regions, and in secondary hospitals than tertiary hospitals. Nevertheless, regional and hospital-level difference in the effect of NRDLN on DDDc were less evident.ConclusionThe implementation of NRDLN improves the availability and reduces the cost of some anticancer drugs in China. It contributes to promoting accessibility of anticancer drugs, as well as relieving regional or hospital-level disparities. However, there are still challenges to benefit more patients sufficiently and equally. It requires more policy efforts and collaborative policy combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, Humanities and Social Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingmin Zhu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yingyu Zhou
- Science and Technology Development Center, Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, Beijing, China
| | - Linghan Shan
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Procurement, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qunhong Wu
| | - Yanhua Hao
- Department of Health Policy, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Yanhua Hao
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Zhang Y, Wei Y, Li H, Chen Y, Guo Y, Han S, Shi L, Guan X. Prices and Clinical Benefit of National Price-Negotiated Anticancer Medicines in China. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:715-724. [PMID: 35764914 PMCID: PMC9270265 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prices of anticancer medicines have increased the economic burden for both patients and health insurance systems. Since 2017, China has implemented national price negotiations for medicines, relying on evidence from health technology assessments. We aim to assess the relation between negotiated price and value of anticancer medicines listed in China's National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL). METHODS For all price-negotiated anticancer medicines and corresponding indications listed in the latest NRDL between 2017 and 2020, we collected their clinical outcomes data, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), in supporting trials. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to estimate the association between the daily cost and clinical benefit of each indication. RESULTS In total, 75 indications of 46 branded anticancer medicines were included for analysis. The median daily costs for the anticancer therapies that had gone through negotiation in 2017-2020 were US$87.6, US$71.8, US$58.9, and US$39.7, respectively. For indications supported by randomized trials, no correlation between daily costs and OS and PFS benefit of the price-negotiated cancer therapies was observed (N = 41, r = -0.05, and N = 49, r = 0.04, respectively). For cancer indications newly listed in NRDL in 2020, the association between their daily cost and OS benefit was -0.78 (N = 4, p = 0.221) and 0.01 (N = 8, p = 0.986) before and after the price negotiation. CONCLUSION Though the negotiation policy decreased prices of anticancer medicines in China, no statistically significant correlation was observed between their daily costs and clinical benefits. A more transparent and credible pricing approach needs to be established to promote value-based anticancer medicines and healthcare system efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
- Fanhai International School of Finance, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangqianyu Li
- International Research Centre for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
| | - Sheng Han
- International Research Centre for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luwen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
- International Research Centre for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Guan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China.
- International Research Centre for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Azoulay L. Rationale, Strengths, and Limitations of Real-World Evidence in Oncology: A Canadian Review and Perspective. Oncologist 2022; 27:e731-e738. [PMID: 35762676 PMCID: PMC9438907 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) continue to be the basis for essential evidence regarding the efficacy of interventions such as cancer therapies. Limitations associated with RCT designs, including selective study populations, strict treatment regimens, and being time-limited, mean they do not provide complete information about an intervention’s safety or the applicability of the trial’s results to a wider range of patients seen in real-world clinical practice. For example, recent data from Alberta showed that almost 40% of patients in the province’s cancer registry would be trial-ineligible per common exclusion criteria. Real-world evidence (RWE) offers an opportunity to complement the RCT evidence base with this kind of information about safety and about use in wider patient populations. It is also increasingly recognized for being able to provide information about an intervention’s effectiveness and is considered by regulators as an important component of the evidence base in drug approvals. Here, we examine the limitations of RCTs in oncology research, review the different types of RWE available in this area, and discuss the strengths and limitations of RWE for complementing RCT oncology data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Azoulay
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Mahmood T, Ved A, Siddiqui MH, Ahsan F, Shamim A, Ansari VA, Ahmad A, Kashyap MK. An in-Depth Analysis of Ovarian Cancer: Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestation. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:424-434. [PMID: 35760337 DOI: 10.1055/a-1867-4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by the establishment of tolerance, the recurrence of disease, as well as a poor prognosis. Gene signatures in ovarian cancer cells enable cancer medicine research, therapy, prevention, & management problematic. Notwithstanding advances in tumor puncture surgery, novel combinations regimens, and abdominal radiation, which can provide outstanding reaction times, the bulk of gynecological tumor patients suffer from side effects & relapse. As a consequence, more therapy alternatives for individuals with ovarian cancer must always be studied to minimize side effects and improve progression-free and total response rates. The development of cancer medications is presently undergoing a renaissance in the quest for descriptive and prognostic ovarian cancer biomarkers. Nevertheless, abnormalities in the BRCA2 or BRCA1 genes, a variety of hereditary predispositions, unexplained onset and progression, molecular tumor diversity, and illness staging can all compromise the responsiveness and accuracy of such indicators. As a result, current ovarian cancer treatments must be supplemented with broad-spectrum & customized targeted therapeutic approaches. The objective of this review is to highlight recent contributions to the knowledge of the interrelations between selected ovarian tumor markers, various perception signs, and biochemical and molecular signaling processes, as well as one's interpretation of much more targeted and effective treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
| | - Akash Ved
- Department of Pharmacy, Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Farogh Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Afroz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
| | - Monu Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Pharmacy, Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Chao Gao, Dai H, Si X, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang Z, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zheng J, Shan L, Liu H, Zhang Q. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Novel 2-Amino-5-Ethylpyrimidine Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lin P, Xing W, Ren Q, Wang Q, Yan J, Mao G. LncRNAs as Theragnostic Biomarkers for Predicting Radioresistance in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:767750. [PMID: 35692742 PMCID: PMC9176206 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.767750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance is the major obstacle after cancer radiotherapy. The dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was closely related the radioresistance response. This meta-analysis was aimed to interpret the relationship between lncRNAs and radiotherapy responses in different cancers. Method The studies were selected from databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, PMC, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The publication time was limited to before March 20, 2021. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval were calculated with random-effects models. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were also conducted. Result Twenty-seven lncRNAs in 14 cancer types were investigated, in which 23 lncRNAs were upregulated and four lncRNAs were downregulated. Dysregulation of these lncRNAs were found to be related to radioresistance response. The pooled HR and 95% confidence interval for the combined up-regulated lncRNAs was 1.73 (95% CI=1.50-2.00; P< 0.01) and down-regulated lncRNAs was 2.09 (95% CI= 1.60-2.72; P< 0.01). The HR values of the subgroup analysis for glioma (HR= 2.22, 95% CI= 1.79-2.74; p< 0.01), non-small cell lung cancer (HR=1.48, 95% CI=1.18-1.85; P<0.01), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HR=4.26; 95% CI= 1.58-11.46; P< 0.01), and breast cancer (HR=1.29; 95% CI= 1.08-1.54; P< 0.01) were obtained. Moreover, the expression of lncRNAs was significantly related to overall survival of patients no matter if the sample size was >50 or not. In addition, the HR values of the subgroup analysis for lncRNA H19 (HR=2.68; 95% CI= 1.92-3.74; P <0.01), lncRNA FAM201A (HR=2.15; 95% CI= 1.15-3.99; P <0.01), and lncRNA HOTAIR (HR=1.22; 95% CI= 0.98-1.54; P =0.08) were also obtained. Conclusion LncRNAs can induce cancer radioresistance by regulating cell death-related signaling pathways. Results indicated that lncRNAs, especially lncRNA H19, FAM201A, and HOTAIR, could be considered as a predictive theragnostic biomarker to evaluate radiotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Genxiang Mao, ; Jing Yan,
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Genxiang Mao, ; Jing Yan,
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Wei Y, Li K, Zhao W, He Y, Shen H, Yuan J, Pi C, Zhang X, Zeng M, Fu S, Song X, Lee RJ, Zhao L. The Effects of a Novel Curcumin Derivative Loaded Long-Circulating Solid Lipid Nanoparticle on the MHCC-97H Liver Cancer Cells and Pharmacokinetic Behavior. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2225-2241. [PMID: 35607705 PMCID: PMC9123937 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s363237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingmeng He
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongping Shen
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Trial Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Yuan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Trial Center, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Pi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingtang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Correspondence: Robert J Lee, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA, Tel +1-614-292-4172, Fax +1-614-292-4172, Email
| | - Ling Zhao
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Ling Zhao, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 830 3160093, Fax +86 830 3160093, Email
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Cost and public reimbursement of cancer medicines in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 192:541-548. [PMID: 35449390 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS There are disparities in the availability of systemic anticancer therapies (SACTs) globally. We set out to investigate the cost and reimbursement of SACTs in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI) in conjunction with efficacy and licensing authority decisions in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). METHODS We sought data pertaining to licensing in the EU, reimbursement in ROI/UK and cost/efficacy of SACTs licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between January 2015 and May 2021. Independent samples t tests, chi-square test and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS We identified that the majority of FDA-approved regimens are licensed by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (n = 91, 67.9%). However, only a minority of these are currently reimbursed in the UK (n = 60, 45%) or the ROI (n = 28, 21%) as of the 1st of May 2021. In addition, only a minority of regimens have demonstrated a statistically significant OS benefit (n = 54, 40%). There was no association between cost of regimens and either the presence (t = 0.846, p = 0.40) or duration of OS benefit (t = - 0.84, p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that many licensed systemic anticancer treatments are not currently reimbursed in ROI/UK. The high cost of these medicines is independent of the presence of an OS benefit. Collaboration between regulatory agencies, governments and industry partners is needed to ensure health expenditure is directed towards the most effective treatments.
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Febbraro M, Gheware A, Kennedy T, Jain D, de Moraes FY, Juergens R. Barriers to Access: Global Variability in Implementing Treatment Advances in Lung Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-7. [PMID: 35427189 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_351021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer is the second most-diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death. Advances in science and technology have contributed to improvements in primary cancer prevention, cancer diagnosis, and cancer therapy, leading to an increase in survival and improvement in quality of life. Many of these advances have been seen in high-income countries. Accessibility, availability, and affordability are key domains in barriers to access of care between countries and within countries. The impact of these domains, as they relate to molecular testing, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Febbraro
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atish Gheware
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thomas Kennedy
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rosalyn Juergens
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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