1
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Went M, Duran-Lozano L, Halldorsson GH, Gunnell A, Ugidos-Damboriena N, Law P, Ekdahl L, Sud A, Thorleifsson G, Thodberg M, Olafsdottir T, Lamarca-Arrizabalaga A, Cafaro C, Niroula A, Ajore R, Lopez de Lapuente Portilla A, Ali Z, Pertesi M, Goldschmidt H, Stefansdottir L, Kristinsson SY, Stacey SN, Love TJ, Rognvaldsson S, Hajek R, Vodicka P, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Späth F, Schinke C, Van Rhee F, Sulem P, Ferkingstad E, Hjorleifsson Eldjarn G, Mellqvist UH, Jonsdottir I, Morgan G, Sonneveld P, Waage A, Weinhold N, Thomsen H, Försti A, Hansson M, Juul-Vangsted A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Hemminki K, Kaiser M, Rafnar T, Stefansson K, Houlston R, Nilsson B. Deciphering the genetics and mechanisms of predisposition to multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6644. [PMID: 39103364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. Epidemiological studies indicate a substantial heritable component, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, in a genome-wide association study totaling 10,906 cases and 366,221 controls, we identify 35 MM risk loci, 12 of which are novel. Through functional fine-mapping and Mendelian randomization, we uncover two causal mechanisms for inherited MM risk: longer telomeres; and elevated levels of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and interleukin-5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) in plasma. The largest increase in BCMA and IL5RA levels is mediated by the risk variant rs34562254-A at TNFRSF13B. While individuals with loss-of-function variants in TNFRSF13B develop B-cell immunodeficiency, rs34562254-A exerts a gain-of-function effect, increasing MM risk through amplified B-cell responses. Our results represent an analysis of genetic MM predisposition, highlighting causal mechanisms contributing to MM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Went
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Laura Duran-Lozano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Andrea Gunnell
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Nerea Ugidos-Damboriena
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ludvig Ekdahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | | | - Malte Thodberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Antton Lamarca-Arrizabalaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caterina Cafaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Niroula
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ram Ajore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aitzkoa Lopez de Lapuente Portilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zain Ali
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maroulio Pertesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sigurdur Y Kristinsson
- Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Simon N Stacey
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorvardur J Love
- Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Saemundur Rognvaldsson
- Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Roman Hajek
- University Hospital Ostrava and University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Florentin Späth
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carolina Schinke
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Frits Van Rhee
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Gareth Morgan
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Niels Weinhold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Asta Försti
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Section of Hematology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annette Juul-Vangsted
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Copenhagen at Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Hemminki
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 30605, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kaiser
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Thorunn Rafnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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2
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Xie L, Chen C, Zhang T, Yang W, Zheng D, Cao L, Yuan J, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Liang A, Yu Z, Zheng J. LILRB4 regulates multiple myeloma development through STAT3-PFKFB1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:515. [PMID: 39025844 PMCID: PMC11258265 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Although multiple myeloma (MM) responds well to immunotherapeutic treatment, certain portions of MM are still unresponsive or relapse after immunotherapy. Other immune molecules are needed for the immunotherapy of MM. Here, we revealed that leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) was highly expressed in multiple myeloma cell lines and patient samples and that the expression of LILRB4 was adversely correlated with the overall survival of MM patients. Knockdown of LILRB4 efficiently delayed the growth of MM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IKZF1 transactivated LILRB4 expression to trigger the downstream of STAT3-PFKFB1 pathways to support MM cell proliferation. Blockade of LILRB4 signaling by blocking antibodies can effectively inhibit MM progression. Our data show that targeting LILRB4 is potentially an additional therapeutic strategy for the immunotherapeutic treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tinghua Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Denghao Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liyuan Cao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yilu Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ligen Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Giovannini D, Belbezier A, Baillet A, Bouillet L, Kawano M, Dumestre-Perard C, Clavarino G, Noble J, Pers JO, Sturm N, Huard B. Heterogeneity of antibody-secreting cells infiltrating autoimmune tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111366. [PMID: 36895558 PMCID: PMC9989216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The humoral response is frequently dysfunctioning in autoimmunity with a frequent rise in total serum immunoglobulins, among which are found autoantibodies that may be pathogenic by themselves and/or propagate the inflammatory reaction. The infiltration of autoimmune tissues by antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) constitutes another dysfunction. The known high dependency of ASCs on the microenvironment to survive combined to the high diversity of infiltrated tissues implies that ASCs must adapt. Some tissues even within a single clinical autoimmune entity are devoid of infiltration. The latter means that either the tissue is not permissive or ASCs fail to adapt. The origin of infiltrated ASCs is also variable. Indeed, ASCs may be commonly generated in the secondary lymphoid organ draining the autoimmune tissue, and home at the inflammation site under the guidance of specific chemokines. Alternatively, ASCs may be generated locally, when ectopic germinal centers are formed in the autoimmune tissue. Alloimmune tissues with the example of kidney transplantation will also be discussed own to their high similarity with autoimmune tissues. It should also be noted that antibody production is not the only function of ASCs, since cells with regulatory functions have also been described. This article will review all the phenotypic variations indicative of tissue adaptation described so for at the level of ASC-infiltrating auto/alloimmune tissues. The aim is to potentially define tissue-specific molecular targets in ASCs to improve the specificity of future autoimmune treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Giovannini
- Department of Pathology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Aude Belbezier
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Athan Baillet
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Johan Noble
- Department of Nephrology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- B Lymphocytes, Autoimmunity and Immunotherapies, Brest University, INSERM, UMR1227, Brest, France.,Odontology Unit, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- Department of Pathology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
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4
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Miao YR, Thakkar K, Cenik C, Jiang D, Mizuno K, Jia C, Li CG, Zhao H, Diep A, Xu Y, Zhang XE, Yang TTC, Liedtke M, Abidi P, Leung WS, Koong AC, Giaccia AJ. Developing high-affinity decoy receptors to treat multiple myeloma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213366. [PMID: 35881112 PMCID: PMC9428257 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease relapse and treatment-induced immunotoxicity pose significant clinical challenges for patients with hematological cancers. Here, we reveal distinctive requirements for neutralizing TNF receptor ligands APRIL and BAFF and their receptor activity in MM and DLBCL, impacting protein translation and production in MM cells and modulating the translation efficiency of the ATM interactor (ATMIN/ACSIZ). Therapeutically, we investigated the use of BCMA decoy receptor (sBCMA-Fc) as an inhibitor of APRIL and BAFF. While wild-type sBCMA-Fc effectively blocked APRIL signaling in MM, it lacked activity in DLBCL due to its weak BAFF binding. To expand the therapeutic utility of sBCMA-Fc, we engineered an affinity-enhanced mutant sBCMA-Fc fusion molecule (sBCMA-Fc V3) 4- and 500-fold stronger in binding to APRIL and BAFF, respectively. The mutant sBCMA-Fc V3 clone significantly enhanced antitumor activity against both MM and DLBCL. Importantly, we also demonstrated an adequate toxicity profile and on-target mechanism of action in nonhuman primate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rebecca Miao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kaushik Thakkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Can Cenik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Dadi Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kazue Mizuno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Caiyun Grace Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Hongjuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Anh Diep
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Xin Eric Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michaela Liedtke
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Parveen Abidi
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Wing-Sze Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Albert C Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.,Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Jiang Q, Mao H, He G, Mao X. Targeting the oncogenic transcription factor c-Maf for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215791. [PMID: 35700821 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy derived from clonal expansion of plasma cells within the bone marrow and it may progress to the extramedullary region in late stage of the disease course. c-Maf, an oncogenic zipper leucine transcription factor, is overexpressed in more than 50% MM cell lines and primary species in association with chromosomal translocation, aberrant signaling transduction and modulation of stability. By triggering the transcription of critical genes including CCND2, ITGB7, CCR1, ARK5, c-Maf promotes MM progress, proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. Notably, c-Maf is usually expressed at the embryonic stage to promote cell differentiation but less expressed in healthy adult cells. c-Maf has long been proposed as a promising therapeutic target of MM and a panel of small molecule compounds have been identified to downregulate c-Maf and display potent anti-myeloma activities. In the current article, we take a concise summary on the advances in c-Maf biology, pathophysiology, and targeted drug discovery in the potential treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modifications and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Hongwu Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Guisong He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modifications and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
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6
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Nelke J, Medler J, Weisenberger D, Beilhack A, Wajant H. CD40- and CD95-specific antibody single chain-Baff fusion proteins display BaffR-, TACI- and BCMA-restricted agonism. MAbs 2021; 12:1807721. [PMID: 32840410 PMCID: PMC7531569 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1807721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that target a clinically relevant group of receptors within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), including CD40 and CD95 (Fas/Apo-1), also require binding to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) to elicit a strong agonistic activity. This FcγR dependency largely relies on the mere cellular anchoring through the antibody’s Fc domain and does not involve the engagement of FcγR signaling. The aim of this study was to elicit agonistic activity from αCD40 and αCD95 antibodies in a myeloma cell anchoring-controlled FcγR-independent manner. For this purpose, various antibody variants (IgG1, IgG1N297A, Fab2) against the TNFRSF members CD40 and CD95 were genetically fused to a single-chain-encoded B-cell activating factor (scBaff) trimer as a C-terminal myeloma-specific anchoring domain substituting for Fc domain-mediated FcγR binding. The antibody-scBaff fusion proteins were evaluated in binding studies and functional assays using tumor cell lines expressing one or more of the three receptors of Baff: BaffR, transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). Cellular binding studies showed that the binding properties of the different domains within the fusion proteins remained fully intact in the antibody-scBaff fusion proteins. In co-culture assays of CD40- and CD95-responsive cells with BaffR, BCMA or TACI expressing anchoring cells, the antibody fusion proteins displayed strong agonism while only minor receptor stimulation was observed in co-cultures with cells without expression of Baff-interacting receptors. Thus, our CD40 and CD95 antibody fusion proteins display myeloma cell-dependent activity and promise reduced systemic side effects compared to conventional CD40 and CD95 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nelke
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Medler
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Pracht K, Meinzinger J, Schulz SR, Daum P, Côrte-Real J, Hauke M, Roth E, Kindermann D, Mielenz D, Schuh W, Wittmann J, Jäck HM. miR-148a controls metabolic programming and survival of mature CD19-negative plasma cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1089-1109. [PMID: 33336366 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells are essential to establish humoral memory against pathogens. While a regulatory transcription factor network has been established in plasma cell differentiation, the regulatory role of miRNAs remains enigmatic. We have recently identified miR-148a as the most abundant miRNA in primary mouse and human plasma cells. To determine whether this plasma cell signature miRNA controls the in vivo development of B cells into long-lived plasma cells, we established mice with genomic, conditional, and inducible deletions of miR-148a. The analysis of miR-148a-deficient mice revealed reduced serum Ig, decreased numbers of newly formed plasmablasts and reduced CD19-negative, CD93-positive long-lived plasma cells. Transcriptome and metabolic analysis revealed an impaired glucose uptake, a reduced oxidative phosphorylation-based energy metabolism, and an altered abundance of homing receptors CXCR3 (increase) and CXCR4 (reduction) in miR-148a-deficient plasma cells. These findings support the role of miR-148a as a positive regulator of the maintenance of long-lived plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Meinzinger
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Daum
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joana Côrte-Real
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Hauke
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edith Roth
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Kindermann
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wittmann
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Metabolic Effects of Recurrent Genetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030396. [PMID: 33494394 PMCID: PMC7865460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene activation and malignant transformation exerts energetic, biosynthetic and redox demands on cancer cells due to increased proliferation, cell growth and tumor microenvironment adaptation. As such, altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which is characterized by the reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that arises from terminally differentiated B cells. MM is characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that often involve the immunoglobulin loci and a restricted set of partner loci, and complex chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with disease progression. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in MM result in the aberrant expression of MYC, cyclin D1, FGFR3/MMSET and MAF/MAFB. In recent years, the intricate mechanisms that drive cancer cell metabolism and the many metabolic functions of the aforementioned MM-associated oncogenes have been investigated. Here, we discuss the metabolic consequences of recurrent chromosomal translocations in MM and provide a framework for the identification of metabolic changes that characterize MM cells.
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9
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Current Understanding of Myelomatous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Extended through Advances in Experimental Methods. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010025. [PMID: 33374627 PMCID: PMC7793501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the amount of information available has grown, now it is known that many types of non-hematopoietic cells, including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, mature mesenchymal cells, and endothelial cells, as well as mature hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, T-cells, and B-cells, have roles in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. This review focuses on the role of mesenchymal cells in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma. We summarize the experimental strategies and current understanding of the biological roles in the pathogenesis of myeloma. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical applications targeting mesenchymal cells. Abstract Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. For the proliferation and survival of myeloma cells, as well as the occurrence of the complications, numerous intra- and extra-cellular mechanisms are involved. The interaction of myeloma cells with the microenvironment is known to be one of the most critical mechanisms. A specific microenvironment could affect the progression and growth of tumor cells, as well as drug resistance. Among various microenvironment components, such as hematological and non-hematological cells, and soluble factors (cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins), in this review, we focus on the role of mesenchymal cells. We aimed to summarize the experimental strategies used for conducting studies and current understanding of the biological roles in the pathogenesis of myeloma. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical applications targeting mesenchymal cells.
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10
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Dalla Palma B, Marchica V, Catarozzo MT, Giuliani N, Accardi F. Monoclonal and Bispecific Anti-BCMA Antibodies in Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093022. [PMID: 32961764 PMCID: PMC7565079 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is universally expressed by normal and neoplastic plasma cells and plays a critical role in the proliferation, survival and tumor progression in multiple myeloma (MM). B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) have been recognized as proliferation ligands for BCMA in the bone marrow microenvironment. Soluble BCMA levels in the serum correlates with disease phase and tumor burden and is a predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Recently, the introduction of new monoclonal antibodies against CD38 (Daratumumab and Isatuximab) and SLAM7 (Elotuzumab) has changed the therapeutic approach to MM, improving the response rate and the time to progression, both in newly diagnosed and refractory/relapsed patients. Among the surface antigens on MM cells, BCMA is a suitable target for the design of new antibody-based strategies. Experimental approaches targeting BCMA are currently being investigated and include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) and genetically engineered T-cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). In this review we summarize the more recent findings about BCMA biologic rationale as a therapeutic target and report the updated results of preclinical and clinical studies focused on ADCs and bsAbs targeting BCMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Dalla Palma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.M.); (M.T.C.); (N.G.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.D.P); (F.A.); Tel.: +39-052-170-3963 (B.D.P.)
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.M.); (M.T.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Catarozzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.M.); (M.T.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.M.); (M.T.C.); (N.G.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.M.); (M.T.C.); (N.G.)
- Department of Hematology I, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.D.P); (F.A.); Tel.: +39-052-170-3963 (B.D.P.)
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11
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Kampa M, Notas G, Stathopoulos EN, Tsapis A, Castanas E. The TNFSF Members APRIL and BAFF and Their Receptors TACI, BCMA, and BAFFR in Oncology, With a Special Focus in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:827. [PMID: 32612943 PMCID: PMC7308424 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of 19 ligands and 29 receptors and is related to multiple cellular events from proliferation and differentiation to apoptosis and tumor reduction. In this review, we overview the whole system, and we focus on A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL, TNFSF13) and B cell-activating factor (BAFF, TNFSF13B) and their receptors transmembrane activator and Ca2+ modulator (CAML) interactor (TACI, TNFRSF13B), B cell maturation antigen (BCMA, TNFRSF17), and BAFF receptor (BAFFR, TNFRSF13C). We explore their role in cancer and novel biological therapies introduced for multiple myeloma and further focus on breast cancer, in which the modulation of this system seems to be of potential interest, as a novel therapeutic target. Finally, we discuss some precautions which should be taken into consideration, while targeting the APRIL–BAFF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Tsapis
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
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12
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Gourzones C, Bellanger C, Lamure S, Gadacha OK, De Paco EG, Vincent L, Cartron G, Klein B, Moreaux J. Antioxidant Defenses Confer Resistance to High Dose Melphalan in Multiple Myeloma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040439. [PMID: 30925767 PMCID: PMC6521290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological cancer after lymphoma. It is characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. The development of drug resistance remains a major problem for effective treatment of MM. Understand the mechanisms underlying drug resistance in MM is a focal point to improve MM treatment. Methods: In the current study, we analyzed further the role of redox imbalance induction in melphalan-induced toxicity both in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and primary myeloma cells from patients. Results: We developed an in-vitro model of short-term resistance to high-dose melphalan and identified that pretreatment with physiological concentration of GSH protects HMCLs from melphalan-induced cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity. We validated these results using primary MM cells from patients co-cultured with their bone marrow microenvironment. GSH did not affect the ability of melphalan to induce DNA damages in MM cells. Interestingly, melphalan induced reactive oxygen species, a significant decrease in GSH concentration, protein and lipd oxydation together with NRF2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) pathway activation. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that antioxidant defenses confers resistance to high dose melphalan in MM cells, supporting that redox status in MM cells could be determinant for patients’ response to melphalan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gourzones
- IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Céline Bellanger
- IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Sylvain Lamure
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | - Laure Vincent
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France.
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34395 Montpellier, France.
- Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France.
- Univ Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5235, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Klein
- IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.
- Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France.
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.
- Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France.
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.
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13
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Ramadani F, Bowen H, Gould HJ, Fear DJ. Transcriptional Analysis of the Human IgE-Expressing Plasma Cell Differentiation Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:402. [PMID: 30915071 PMCID: PMC6421273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE is secreted by plasma cells (PCs) and is central to allergic disease. Using an ex vivo tonsil B cell culture system, which mimics the Th2 responses in vivo, we have recently characterized the development pathway of human IgE-expressing PCs. In this system, as in mice, we reported the predisposition of IgE-expressing B cells to differentiate into PCs. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in the differentiation of human IgE+ B cells into PCs we have used the Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip array to analyse the gene expression profile of ex vivo generated human IgE+ B cells at various stages of their differentiation into PCs. We also compared the transcription profiles of IgE+ and IgG1+ cells to discover isotype-specific patterns. Comparisons of IgE+ and IgG1+ cell transcriptional profiles revealed molecular signatures specific for IgE+ cells, which diverge from their IgG1+ cell counterparts upon differentiation into PCs. At the germinal center (GC) stage of development, unlike in some mouse studies of IgE biology, we observed similar rates of apoptosis and no significant differences in the expression of apoptosis-associated genes between the IgE+ and IgG1+ B cells. We identified a gene interaction network associated with early growth response 1 (EGR1) that, together with the up-regulated IRF4, may account for the predisposition of IgE+ B cells to differentiate into PCs. However, despite their swifter rates of PC differentiation, the transcription profile of IgE+ PCs is more closely related to IgE+ and IgG1+ plasmablasts (PBs) than to IgG1+ PCs, suggesting that the terminal differentiation of IgE+ cells is impeded. We also show that IgE+ PCs have increased levels of apoptosis suggesting that the IgE+ PCs generated in our in vitro tonsil B cell cultures, as in mice, are short-lived. We identified gene regulatory networks as well as cell cycle and apoptosis signatures that may explain the diverging PC differentiation programme of these cells. Overall, our study provides a detailed analysis of the transcriptional pathways underlying the differentiation of human IgE-expressing B cells and points to molecular signatures that regulate IgE+ PC differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Ramadani
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Bowen
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Fear
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Went M, Sud A, Försti A, Halvarsson BM, Weinhold N, Kimber S, van Duin M, Thorleifsson G, Holroyd A, Johnson DC, Li N, Orlando G, Law PJ, Ali M, Chen B, Mitchell JS, Gudbjartsson DF, Kuiper R, Stephens OW, Bertsch U, Broderick P, Campo C, Bandapalli OR, Einsele H, Gregory WA, Gullberg U, Hillengass J, Hoffmann P, Jackson GH, Jöckel KH, Johnsson E, Kristinsson SY, Mellqvist UH, Nahi H, Easton D, Pharoah P, Dunning A, Peto J, Canzian F, Swerdlow A, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai ZS, Muir K, Pashayan N, Nickel J, Nöthen MM, Rafnar T, Ross FM, da Silva Filho MI, Thomsen H, Turesson I, Vangsted A, Andersen NF, Waage A, Walker BA, Wihlborg AK, Broyl A, Davies FE, Thorsteinsdottir U, Langer C, Hansson M, Goldschmidt H, Kaiser M, Sonneveld P, Stefansson K, Morgan GJ, Hemminki K, Nilsson B, Houlston RS. Identification of multiple risk loci and regulatory mechanisms influencing susceptibility to multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3707. [PMID: 30213928 PMCID: PMC6137048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of susceptibility to multiple myeloma (MM), but much of the heritability remains unexplained. We report a new GWAS, a meta-analysis with previous GWAS and a replication series, totalling 9974 MM cases and 247,556 controls of European ancestry. Collectively, these data provide evidence for six new MM risk loci, bringing the total number to 23. Integration of information from gene expression, epigenetic profiling and in situ Hi-C data for the 23 risk loci implicate disruption of developmental transcriptional regulators as a basis of MM susceptibility, compatible with altered B-cell differentiation as a key mechanism. Dysregulation of autophagy/apoptosis and cell cycle signalling feature as recurrently perturbed pathways. Our findings provide further insight into the biological basis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Went
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Asta Försti
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Halvarsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niels Weinhold
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Scott Kimber
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Mark van Duin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - David C Johnson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ni Li
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Mina Ali
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bowang Chen
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rowan Kuiper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Owen W Stephens
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Uta Bertsch
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Centre of Tumor Diseases, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Chiara Campo
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Walter A Gregory
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9PH, UK
| | - Urban Gullberg
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45147, Germany
| | - Ellinor Johnsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sigurður Y Kristinsson
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist
- Section of Hematology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Hareth Nahi
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - ZSofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Jolanta Nickel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorunn Rafnar
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Fiona M Ross
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, University of Southampton, Salisbury, SP2 8BJ, UK
| | | | - Hauke Thomsen
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingemar Turesson
- Hematology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annette Vangsted
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Copenhagen at Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Frost Andersen
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Box 8905, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brian A Walker
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Anna-Karin Wihlborg
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annemiek Broyl
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Faith E Davies
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Christian Langer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Hansson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Hematology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Centre of Tumor Diseases, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kaiser
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gareth J Morgan
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Kari Hemminki
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmo, Sweden.
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
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15
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DNMTi/HDACi combined epigenetic targeted treatment induces reprogramming of myeloma cells in the direction of normal plasma cells. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1062-1073. [PMID: 29500406 PMCID: PMC5931098 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy. Aberrant epigenetic modifications have been reported in MM and could be promising therapeutic targets. As response rates are overall limited but deep responses occur, it is important to identify those patients who could indeed benefit from epigenetic-targeted therapy. Methods Since HDACi and DNMTi combination have potential therapeutic value in MM, we aimed to build a GEP-based score that could be useful to design future epigenetic-targeted combination trials. In addition, we investigated the changes in GEP upon HDACi/DNMTi treatment. Results We report a new gene expression-based score to predict MM cell sensitivity to the combination of DNMTi/HDACi. A high Combo score in MM patients identified a group with a worse overall survival but a higher sensitivity of their MM cells to DNMTi/HDACi therapy compared to a low Combo score. In addition, treatment with DNMTi/HDACi downregulated IRF4 and MYC expression and appeared to induce a mature BMPC plasma cell gene expression profile in myeloma cell lines. Conclusion In conclusion, we developed a score for the prediction of primary MM cell sensitivity to DNMTi/HDACi and found that this combination could be beneficial in high-risk patients by targeting proliferation and inducing maturation.
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16
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MAF protein mediates innate resistance to proteasome inhibition therapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 2016; 128:2919-2930. [PMID: 27793878 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-706077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) patients with the t(14;16) translocation have a poor prognosis, and unlike other molecular subgroups, their outcome has not improved with the introduction of bortezomib (Bzb). The mechanism underlying innate resistance of MM to Bzb is unknown. In the present study, we have investigated how MAF overexpression impacts resistance to proteasome inhibitor (PI) therapy (Bzb and carfilzomib). High levels of MAF protein were found in t(14;16) cell lines; cell lines from the t(4;14) subgroup had intermediate levels, whereas cell lines from the other subgroups had low levels. High expression of MAF protein in t(14;16) was associated with significantly higher PI half-maximum inhibitory concentration values compared with other molecular subgroups. PI exposure abrogated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-mediated degradation of MAF protein, resulting in increased MAF protein stability and PI resistance. Subsequent studies using loss-of-function and gain-of-function models showed that silencing MAF led to increased sensitivity to PIs, enhanced apoptosis, and activation of caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and lamin A/C. In contrast, overexpression of MAF resulted in increased resistance to PIs and reduced apoptosis. These results define the role of MAF and GSK3 in the resistance of t(14;16) MM to PIs and identifies a novel mechanism by which MAF protein levels are regulated by PIs, which in turn confers resistance to PIs.
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Relationship between circulating BAFF serum levels with proliferating markers in patients with multiple myeloma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:389579. [PMID: 23936794 PMCID: PMC3727116 DOI: 10.1155/2013/389579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, there are many factors influencing the growth of the malignant clone in direct and indirect manners. BAFF is a growth factor for myeloma cells. The aim of the study was to measure its circulating levels in 54 pretreatment patients, along with serum levels of other proliferation markers, such as interleukins-6, -10, and -15, CRP, and beta-2 microglobulin, as well as bone marrow plasma cell infiltration and expression of Ki-67 PI, in various stages of the disease and after effective treatment in 28 of them. Serum levels of the previously mentioned factors were measured by ELISA, whereas bone marrow plasma cell infiltration and Ki-67 expression were estimated immunohistochemically. All measured parameters were higher in pretreated myeloma patients compared to healthy population and were also increasing with the progression of the disease. They all also decreased after effective therapy. Furthermore, all pretreatment values correlated to each other. BAFF seems to be an important growth factor for myeloma plasma cells. Measuring its serum levels, along with the previously mentioned cytokines, may provide important information regarding the degree of myeloma cells' proliferation. Therefore, they all could be used as markers of proliferation and disease activity.
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Chung TH, Chng WJ. Clinical utility and implementation of gene-expression profiling in myeloma: current status and challenges. Int J Hematol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Multiple myeloma, a neoplasm of terminally differentiated plasma cell, is the second most frequent hematological malignancy after non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Gene-expression profiling is a powerful and sensitive tool that can detect global transcriptional changes in cells. This technology has been applied in myeloma studies in the last decade in diverse areas such as understanding molecular pathogenesis, role of microenvironment, molecular heterogeneity, prognosis prediction and identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we will briefly retrace the achievements and consider the future perspectives of gene-expression profiling in multiple myeloma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Immature dendritic cells from patients with multiple myeloma are prone to osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:773-83.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Integrin-β7 (ITGB7) mRNA is detected in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and its presence is correlated with MAF gene activation. Although the involvement of several integrin family members in MM-stoma cell interaction is well documented, the specific biologic functions regulated by integrin-β7 in MM are largely unknown. Clinically, we have correlated integrin-β7 expression in MM with poor survival outcomes post autologous stem cell transplantation and postsalvage therapy with bortezomib. Functionally, we have found that shRNA-mediated silencing of ITGB7 reduces MM-cell adhesion to extra-cellular matrix elements (fibronectin, E-cadherin) and reverses cell-adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) sensitizing them to bortezomib and melphalan. In addition, ITGB7 silencing abrogated MM-cell transwell migration in response to SDF1α gradients, reduced vessel density in xenografted tumors, and altered MM cells in vivo homing into the BM. Mechanistically, ITGB7 knockdown inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src phosphorylation, Rac1 activation, and SUMOylation, reduced VEGF production in MM-BM stem cell cocultures and attenuated p65-NF-κB activity. Our findings support a role for integrin-β7 in MM-cell adhesion, migration, and BM homing, and pave the way for a novel therapeutic approach targeting this molecule.
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Klein B, Seckinger A, Moehler T, Hose D. Molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma: chromosomal aberrations, changes in gene expression, cytokine networks, and the bone marrow microenvironment. Recent Results Cancer Res 2011; 183:39-86. [PMID: 21509680 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85772-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on two aspects of myeloma pathogenesis: (1) chromosomal aberrations and resulting changes in gene and protein expression with a special focus on growth and survival factors of malignant (and normal) plasma cells and (2) the remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment induced by accumulating myeloma cells. We begin this chapter with a discussion of normal plasma cell generation, their survival, and a novel class of inhibitory factors. This is crucial for the understanding of multiple myeloma, as several abilities attributed to malignant plasma cells are already present in their normal counterpart, especially the production of survival factors and interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment (niche). The chapter closes with a new model of pathogenesis of myeloma.
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Moreaux J, Klein B, Bataille R, Descamps G, Maïga S, Hose D, Goldschmidt H, Jauch A, Rème T, Jourdan M, Amiot M, Pellat-Deceunynck C. A high-risk signature for patients with multiple myeloma established from the molecular classification of human myeloma cell lines. Haematologica 2010; 96:574-82. [PMID: 21173094 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.033456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell tumor with heterogeneity in molecular abnormalities and treatment response. DESIGN AND METHODS We have assessed whether human myeloma cell lines have kept patients' heterogeneity using Affymetrix gene expression profiling of 40 human myeloma cell lines obtained with or without IL6 addition and could provide a signature for stratification of patient risk. RESULTS Human myeloma cell lines, especially those derived in the presence of IL6, displayed a heterogeneity that overlaps that of the patients with multiple myeloma. Human myeloma cell lines segregated into 6 groups marked by overexpression of MAF, MMSET, CCND1, FRZB with or without overexpression of cancer testis antigens (CTA). Cell lines of CTA/MAF and MAF groups have a translocation involving C-MAF or MAFB, cell lines of groups CCND1-1 and CCND1-2like have a t(11;14) and cell lines of group MMSET have a t(4;14). The CTA/FRZB group comprises cell lines that had no or no recurrent 14q32 translocation. Expression of 248 genes accounted for human myeloma cell line molecular heterogeneity. Human myeloma cell line heterogeneity genes comprise genes with prognostic value for survival of patients making it possible to build a powerful prognostic score involving a total of 13 genes. CONCLUSIONS Human myeloma cell lines derived in the presence of IL6 recapitulate the molecular diversity of multiple myeloma that made it possible to design, using human myeloma cell line heterogeneity genes, a high-risk signature for patients at diagnosis. We propose this classification to be used when addressing the physiopathology of multiple myeloma with human myeloma cell lines.
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Osteoclast-gene expression profiling reveals osteoclast-derived CCR2 chemokines promoting myeloma cell migration. Blood 2010; 117:1280-90. [PMID: 21097672 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-279760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells (multiple myeloma cells [MMCs]), in the bone marrow. Osteolytic bone lesions are detected in 80% of patients because of increased osteoclastic bone resorption and reduced osteoblastic bone formation. MMCs are found closely associated with sites of increased bone resorption. Osteoclasts strongly support MMC survival in vitro. To further elucidate the mechanisms involved in osteoclast/MMC interaction, we have identified 552 genes overexpressed in osteoclasts compared with other bone marrow cell subpopulations. Osteoclasts express specifically genes coding for 4 CCR2-targeting chemokines and genes coding for MMC growth factors. An anti-CCR2 monoclonal antibody blocked osteoclast chemoattractant activity for MMC, and CCR2 chemokines are also MMC growth factors, promoting mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in MMC. An anti-insulin growth factor-1 receptor monoclonal antibody completely blocked the osteoclast-induced survival of MMC suppressing both osteoclast and MMC survival. Specific a proliferation-inducing ligand or IL-6 inhibitors partially blocked osteoclast-induced MMC survival. These data may explain why newly diagnosed patients whose MMC express high levels of CCR2 present numerous bone lesions. This study displays additional mechanisms involved in osteoclast/MMC interaction and suggests using CCR2 and/or insulin growth factor-1 targeting strategies to block this interaction and prevent drug resistance.
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APRIL promotes cell-cycle progression in primary multiple myeloma cells: influence of D-type cyclin group and translocation status. Blood 2010; 117:890-901. [PMID: 20709908 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-264424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) promotes survival and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. We studied the effect of APRIL on cell-cycle behavior in primary MM cells and correlated our findings with D-type cyclin expression by immunohistochemistry and/or Western blotting. In MM cases, expressing cyclin D2 APRIL significantly increased the percentage of CD138(+) cells in S + G(2)/M phase (from 8.4% ± 1.9% to 14.3% ± 2.6%, n = 15, P < .01), whereas a lesser effect was seen in cases expressing cyclin D1 (n = 18). Cell-cycle response to APRIL was most marked for cyclin D2-expressing cases with IgH translocations (P < .01) and was accompanied by increased expression of cyclin D2, CDK4, CDK6, and phospho-retinoblastoma protein. Cell-cycle proteins in cyclin D1(+) cells were not modulated by APRIL. Surface expression of B-cell maturation antigen and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor was not significantly different between cyclin D1(+) and D2(+) MM cells. We observed activation of nuclear factor-κB and PI3-kinase pathways in response to APRIL in both cyclin D1(+) and D2(+) MM cells. In conclusion, APRIL stimulates G(1)/S progression in cyclin D2(+) MM cells bearing IgH translocations but has minimal effect on cyclin D1(+) cells, suggesting MM cells from different cyclin D/translocation classes rely on different mechanisms for cell-cycle re-entry.
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Rossi JF, Moreaux J, Hose D, Requirand G, Rose M, Rouillé V, Nestorov I, Mordenti G, Goldschmidt H, Ythier A, Klein B. Atacicept in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma or active Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: a phase I study. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1051-8. [PMID: 19789533 PMCID: PMC2768101 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Advanced multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) are incurable B-cell malignancies. This is the first full clinical report of atacicept, a fusion protein that binds to and neutralises the B-cell survival factors, B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), in MM and WM. Methods: In this open-label phase-I study, 16 patients with advanced disease (12 MM, 4 WM) received one cycle of five once-weekly subcutaneous injections of atacicept (2, 4, 7 or 10 mg kg−1). Patients with stable disease after cycle 1 entered an extension study (either two additional cycles (2, 4 and 7 mg kg−1 cohorts) or 15 consecutive weekly injections of atacicept 10 mg kg−1). Results: Atacicept was well tolerated, systemically and locally; the maximum tolerated dose was not identified. Of 11 patients with MM who completed initial treatment, five patients were progression-free after cycle 1 and four patients were progression-free after extended therapy. Of four patients with WM, three patients were progression-free after cycle 1. Consistent with atacicept's mechanism of action, polyclonal immunoglobulin isotypes and total B cells were reduced. Bone-marrow density, myeloma cell numbers and plasma concentrations of soluble CD138 also decreased. Conclusion: Atacicept is well tolerated in patients with MM and WM, and shows clinical and biological activity consistent with its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Rossi
- CIC-Biothérapie BT 509, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Moreaux J, Sprynski AC, Dillon SR, Mahtouk K, Jourdan M, Ythier A, Moine P, Robert N, Jourdan E, Rossi JF, Klein B. APRIL and TACI interact with syndecan-1 on the surface of multiple myeloma cells to form an essential survival loop. Eur J Haematol 2009; 83:119-29. [PMID: 19456850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BLyS and APRIL share two receptors - transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) - and BLyS binds to a third receptor, BAFF-R. We previously reported that TACI gene expression is a good indicator of a BLyS-binding receptor in human multiple myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), unlike BCMA, which is expressed by all HMCLs or BAFF-R which is typically not expressed by late-stage B cells. We hypothesised a link between APRIL and TACI through syndecan-1, similar to the situation reported for FGF and FGFR. We observed very strong binding of APRIL, but not BLyS, at the surface of all syndecan-1(+) HMCLs and primary multiple myeloma cells (MMC). All syndecan-1(+) HMCLs and MMC could also bind TACI-Fc, but not BCMA-Fc or BAFF-R-Fc molecules. Binding of APRIL or TACI-Fc was abrogated by heparin or cell pretreatment with heparitinase, which cleaves heparan sulfate chains. The growth factor activity of APRIL on MMC was also inhibited by heparin. Our data identify syndecan-1 as a co-receptor for APRIL and TACI at the cell surface of MMC, promoting the activation of an APRIL/TACI pathway that induces survival and proliferation in MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Moreaux
- CHU Montpellier, Institute of Research in Biotherapy, Montpellier, France
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A proliferation-inducing ligand mediates follicular lymphoma B-cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin activation. Blood 2009; 113:5206-16. [PMID: 19321861 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-09-179762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), as well as its receptors transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAML) interactor (TACI) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), has been shown to be important in B-cell biology, and overexpression of APRIL in mice results in development of lymphoma. Limited data are available on APRIL-specific signaling responses, but knockout models suggest that signaling through TACI is critical to B-cell homeostasis. To better understand the mechanism by which APRIL exerts its effects and how it may contribute to lymphomagenesis, we sought to characterize the outcome of APRIL-TACI interactions. In support of murine studies, we find that APRIL induces proliferation of human patient follicular lymphoma (FL) B cells in a TACI-dependent manner. This study also shows that APRIL is expressed within the tumor microenvironment and that, upon engagement with TACI, APRIL mediates activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Activation of PI3K via APRIL results in phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the mTOR-specific substrates p70S6 kinase and 4E-binding protein 1 in a TACI-dependent manner. APRIL-mediated signaling also results in phosphorylation of Rb and up-regulation of cyclin D1. These studies are the first to characterize APRIL-TACI-specific signaling and suggest a role for this ligand-receptor pair in FL B-cell growth.
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Moreaux J, Veyrune JL, De Vos J, Klein B. APRIL is overexpressed in cancer: link with tumor progression. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:83. [PMID: 19291294 PMCID: PMC2662875 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BAFF and APRIL share two receptors – TACI and BCMA – and BAFF binds to a third receptor, BAFF-R. Increased expression of BAFF and APRIL is noted in hematological malignancies. BAFF and APRIL are essential for the survival of normal and malignant B lymphocytes, and altered expression of BAFF or APRIL or of their receptors (BCMA, TACI, or BAFF-R) have been reported in various B-cell malignancies including B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Methods We compared the expression of BAFF, APRIL, TACI and BAFF-R gene expression in 40 human tumor types – brain, epithelial, lymphoid, germ cells – to that of their normal tissue counterparts using publicly available gene expression data, including the Oncomine Cancer Microarray database. Results We found significant overexpression of TACI in multiple myeloma and thyroid carcinoma and an association between TACI expression and prognosis in lymphoma. Furthermore, BAFF and APRIL are overexpressed in many cancers and we show that APRIL expression is associated with tumor progression. We also found overexpression of at least one proteoglycan with heparan sulfate chains (HS), which are coreceptors for APRIL and TACI, in tumors where APRIL is either overexpressed or is a prognostic factor. APRIL could induce survival or proliferation directly through HS proteoglycans. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that APRIL is a potential prognostic factor for a large array of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Moreaux
- CHU Montpellier, Institute of Research in Biotherapy, Montpellier, France.
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Podar K, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. Bone marrow microenvironment and the identification of new targets for myeloma therapy. Leukemia 2009; 23:10-24. [PMID: 18843284 PMCID: PMC3418600 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex multi-step process involving both early and late genetic changes in the tumor cell as well as selective supportive conditions by the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Indeed, it is now well established that MM cell-induced disruption of the BM homeostasis between the highly organized cellular and extracellular compartments supports MM cell proliferation, survival, migration and drug resistance through activation of various signaling (for example, PI3K/Akt, JAK/Stat-, Raf/MEK/MAPK-, NFkappaB- and Wnt-) pathways. Based on our enhanced understanding of the functional importance of the MM BM microenvironment and its inter-relation with the MM cell resulting in homing, seeding, proliferation and survival, new molecular targets have been identified and derived treatment regimens in MM have already changed fundamentally during recent years. These agents include thalidomide, its immunomodulatory derivative lenalidomide and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which mediate tumor cytotoxicity in the BM milieu. Ongoing studies are further delineating MM pathogenesis in the BM to enhance cytotoxicity, avoid drug resistance and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Podar
- Department of Medical Oncology, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Khuda SE, Loo WM, Janz S, Van Ness B, Erickson LD. Deregulation of c-Myc Confers distinct survival requirements for memory B cells, plasma cells, and their progenitors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:7537-49. [PMID: 19017943 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.11.7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the c-Myc oncogene is tightly associated with human and murine plasma cell (PC) neoplasms. Through the analysis of Ag-specific B cell responses in mice where Myc is targeted to the Igh Calpha locus, we show here that c-Myc dramatically impairs the primary and secondary Ab response. This impairment is differentiation stage specific, since germinal center B cell formation, affinity maturation, and class switch recombination were intact. Examination of PC viability revealed that c-Myc triggered apoptosis only upon final maturation when Ab is secreted and is resistant to the survival factor BAFF (B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family). In contrast, PC precursors (PC(pre)) that ultimately give rise to mature PCs survived normally and vigorously expanded with BAFF signaling. We further show that c-Myc also facilitates the apoptosis of memory B cells. Thus, Calpha-Myc controls both cellular arms of long-lived B cell immunity than previously anticipated. Only when deregulation of c-Myc was combined with enforced Bcl-x(L) expression were mature PCs able to survive in response to BAFF. These data indicate that the survival requirements for tumor-susceptible PC(pre) and PCs are distinct and that tumor progression likely develops as PC(pre) transition to functional PCs when apoptotic pathways such as members of the Bcl-2 family are disabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefat E Khuda
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Kimberley FC, Hahne M, Medema JP. "APRIL hath put a spring of youth in everything": Relevance of APRIL for survival. J Cell Physiol 2008; 218:1-8. [PMID: 18726990 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL or TALL-2 and TRDL-1) was first discovered as a cytokine over-expressed in many transformed cells and with the capacity to stimulate proliferation. APRIL was shown to bind two different receptors of the TNF receptor superfamily: B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), as well as heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs). APRIL has since been shown to play a physiological role in B cell biology, in particular the survival of plasma B cells in a specialized APRIL-rich niche. However, aberrant expression of APRIL and the subsequent activation of pro-survival pathways, is potentially the driving force for the survival of several B cell malignancies. APRIL has therefore become an important therapeutic target, but many questions regarding its mechanism of action still remain. It is for instance unclear what the exact physiological implications of the APRIL-HSPG interaction could be. Neither do we know the precise signals elicited by APRIL in normal or in malignant cells, and whether blocking these effects could provide real therapeutic gain in cancer patients. In this review we discuss the specific relevance of APRIL for cell survival, in terms of both its physiological role and its role in tumor biology, and highlight some of the key questions that will undoubtedly form the basis of future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Kimberley
- LEXOR (Lab of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Like JUN and FOS, the Maf transcription factors belong to the AP1 family. Besides their established role in human cancer--overexpression of the large Maf genes promotes the development of multiple myeloma--they can display tumour suppressor-like activity in specific cellular contexts, which is compatible with their physiological role in terminal differentiation. However, their oncogenic activity relies mostly on the acquisition of new biological functions relevant to cell transformation, the most striking characteristic of Maf oncoproteins being their ability to enhance pathological interactions between tumour cells and the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Eychène
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay F-91405, France
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TACI, an enigmatic BAFF/APRIL receptor, with new unappreciated biochemical and biological properties. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2008; 19:263-76. [PMID: 18514565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BAFF is a B cell survival factor that binds to three receptors BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA. BAFF-R is the receptor triggering naïve B cell survival and maturation while BCMA supports the survival of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Excessive BAFF production leads to autoimmunity, presumably as the consequence of inappropriate survival of self-reactive B cells. The function of TACI has been more elusive with TACI(-/-) mice revealing two sides of this receptor, a positive one driving T cell-independent immune responses and a negative one down-regulating B cell activation and expansion. Recent work has revealed that the regulation of TACI expression is intimately linked to the activation of innate receptors on B cells and that TACI signalling in response to multimeric BAFF and APRIL provides positive signals to plasmablasts. How TACI negatively regulates B cells remains elusive but may involve an indirect control of BAFF levels. The discovery of TACI mutations associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in humans not only reinforces its important role for humoral responses but also suggests a more complex role than first anticipated from knockout animals. TACI is emerging as an unusual TNF receptor-like molecule with a sophisticated mode of action.
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