1
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Xu Y, Gao H, Li H. The gut microbiome: an important factor influencing therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2621-2635. [PMID: 37775598 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent form of pediatric leukemia. The gut microbiome (GM) is crucial for proper nutrition, immunity, and biological conflict. Since the relationship between ALL and GM is bidirectional, ALL occurrence and treatment are closely related to GM destruction and the development of impaired immunity. Studies have discovered significant GM alterations in patients with ALL, including decreased diversity, that are likely directly caused by the development of ALL. Chemotherapy, antibiotic therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the mainstays of treatment for pediatric ALL. These approaches affect the composition, diversity, and abundance of intestinal microorganisms, which in turn affects therapeutic efficiency and can cause a variety of complications. Modulating the GM can aid the recovery of patients with ALL. This article discusses the various treatment modalities for pediatric ALL and their corresponding effects on the GM, as well as the changes in the GM that occur in children with ALL from diagnosis to treatment. Gaining a greater understanding of the link between ALL and the GM is expected to help improve treatment for pediatric ALL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Xu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dalian Medical Center for Women and Children, Dalian, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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2
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Understanding genetic epidemiology and population disparities of inherited blood cancer syndromes from integrative analysis of population genomics datasets. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Li B, Huang Q, Wei GH. The Role of HOX Transcription Factors in Cancer Predisposition and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040528. [PMID: 31013831 PMCID: PMC6520925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors, encoded by a subset of homeodomain superfamily genes, play pivotal roles in many aspects of cellular physiology, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis. Findings over the past decade have revealed that mutations in HOX genes can lead to increased cancer predisposition, and HOX genes might mediate the effect of many other cancer susceptibility factors by recognizing or executing altered genetic information. Remarkably, several lines of evidence highlight the interplays between HOX transcription factors and cancer risk loci discovered by genome-wide association studies, thereby gaining molecular and biological insight into cancer etiology. In addition, deregulated HOX gene expression impacts various aspects of cancer progression, including tumor angiogenesis, cell autophagy, proliferation, apoptosis, tumor cell migration, and metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the fundamental roles of HOX genes in cancer susceptibility and progression, highlighting multiple molecular mechanisms of HOX involved gene misregulation, as well as their potential implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qilai Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
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4
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Household exposure to pesticides and risk of leukemia in children and adolescents: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:49-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Vijayakrishnan J, Studd J, Broderick P, Kinnersley B, Holroyd A, Law PJ, Kumar R, Allan JM, Harrison CJ, Moorman AV, Vora A, Roman E, Rachakonda S, Kinsey SE, Sheridan E, Thompson PD, Irving JA, Koehler R, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Jöckel KH, Easton DF, Pharaoh PDP, Dunning AM, Peto J, Canzian F, Swerdlow A, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai ZS, Muir K, Pashayan N, Greaves M, Zimmerman M, Bartram CR, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Hemminki K, Houlston RS. Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for B-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1340. [PMID: 29632299 PMCID: PMC5890276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have advanced our understanding of susceptibility to B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL); however, much of the heritable risk remains unidentified. Here, we perform a GWAS and conduct a meta-analysis with two existing GWAS, totaling 2442 cases and 14,609 controls. We identify risk loci for BCP-ALL at 8q24.21 (rs28665337, P = 3.86 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.34) and for ETV6-RUNX1 fusion-positive BCP-ALL at 2q22.3 (rs17481869, P = 3.20 × 10-8, OR = 2.14). Our findings provide further insights into genetic susceptibility to ALL and its biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Vijayakrishnan
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James M Allan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ajay Vora
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Sally E Kinsey
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Medical Genetics Research Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pamela D Thompson
- Paediatric and Familial Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Julie A Irving
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rolf Koehler
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Human Genomics Research Group, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharaoh
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Frederico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - ZSofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Martin Zimmerman
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus R Bartram
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- General Paediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
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6
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Lv H, Hu SY, Du ZZ, Zhai Z, Cao L, Sun YN, Lu J, Li J, He HL, Chai YH, Wang Y. Gene polymorphisms in the folate metabolic pathway and risk of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study in a Chinese population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1724-1731. [PMID: 31938276 PMCID: PMC6958122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in folate pathway genes may influence susceptibility to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This case-control study was undertaken to analyze the association of genetic polymorphisms (677C>T and 1298A>C) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and reduced folate carrier (RFC1) (80G>A) with the risk of pediatric ALL in China. A total of 176 pediatric ALL patients and 170 matched healthy subjects (as controls) were included and DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood. SNaPshot single nucleotide polymorphism typing was used to determine the genotypes of MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C, and RFC1 80G>A. All statistical analyses were conducted with SAS software (version 9.2; SAS Institute). There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C, or RFC1 80G>A between patients and controls. No significant correlation was found between the combined genotypes of these polymorphisms and the risk of developing ALL in this study. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed for 677C>T and 1298A>C frequencies between the control and case groups. There was no association between MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C, or RFC1 80G>A gene polymorphisms and risk of pediatric ALL in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lv
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Zuo Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zong Zhai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Na Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Long He
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Huan Chai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
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7
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Genetic susceptibility in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Oncol 2017; 34:179. [PMID: 28905228 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy and a leading cause of death due to disease in children. The genetic basis of ALL susceptibility has been supported by its association with certain congenital disorders and, more recently, by several genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These GWAS identified common variants in ARID5B, IKZF1, CEBPE, CDKN2A, PIP4K2A, LHPP and ELK3 influencing ALL risk. However, the risk variants of these SNPs were not validated in all populations, suggesting that some of the loci could be population specific. On the other hand, the currently identified risk SNPs in these genes only account for 19% of the additive heritable risk. This estimation indicates that additional susceptibility variants could be discovered. In this review, we will provide an overview of the most important findings carried out in genetic susceptibility of childhood ALL in all GWAS and subsequent studies and we will also point to future directions that could be explored in the near future.
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8
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Vijayakrishnan J, Kumar R, Henrion MYR, Moorman AV, Rachakonda PS, Hosen I, da Silva Filho MI, Holroyd A, Dobbins SE, Koehler R, Thomsen H, Irving JA, Allan JM, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Kinsey SE, Sheridan E, Thompson PD, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Jöckel KH, Greaves M, Harrison CJ, Bartram CR, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Hemminki K, Houlston RS. A genome-wide association study identifies risk loci for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 10q26.13 and 12q23.1. Leukemia 2017; 31:573-579. [PMID: 27694927 PMCID: PMC5336191 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that common genetic variation contributes to the heritable risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To identify new susceptibility loci for the largest subtype of ALL, B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL), we conducted a meta-analysis of two GWASs with imputation using 1000 Genomes and UK10K Project data as reference (totaling 1658 cases and 7224 controls). After genotyping an additional 2525 cases and 3575 controls, we identify new susceptibility loci for BCP-ALL mapping to 10q26.13 (rs35837782, LHPP, P=1.38 × 10-11) and 12q23.1 (rs4762284, ELK3, P=8.41 × 10-9). We also provide confirmatory evidence for the existence of independent risk loci at 9p21.3, but show that the association marked by rs77728904 can be accounted for by linkage disequilibrium with the rare high-impact CDKN2A p.Ala148Thr variant rs3731249. Our data provide further insights into genetic susceptibility to ALL and its biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vijayakrishnan
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Y R Henrion
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - A V Moorman
- Leukemia Research Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P S Rachakonda
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Hosen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M I da Silva Filho
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - S E Dobbins
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - R Koehler
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Thomsen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Irving
- Leukemia Research Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J M Allan
- Leukemia Research Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - T Lightfoot
- Department of Health Sciences, Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, University of York, York, UK
| | - E Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, University of York, York, UK
| | - S E Kinsey
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - E Sheridan
- Medical Genetics Research Group, Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P D Thompson
- Paediatric and Familial Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Human Genomics Research Group, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - K H Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Greaves
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - C J Harrison
- Leukemia Research Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C R Bartram
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schrappe
- General Paediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Stanulla
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - R S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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Hernández AF, Menéndez P. Linking Pesticide Exposure with Pediatric Leukemia: Potential Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:461. [PMID: 27043530 PMCID: PMC4848917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is the most common cancer in children, representing 30% of all childhood cancers. The disease arises from recurrent genetic insults that block differentiation of hematopoietic stem and/or progenitor cells (HSPCs) and drives uncontrolled proliferation and survival of the differentiation-blocked clone. Pediatric leukemia is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous with an obscure etiology. The interaction between genetic factors and environmental agents represents a potential etiological driver. Although information is limited, the principal toxic mechanisms of potential leukemogenic agents (e.g., etoposide, benzene metabolites, bioflavonoids and some pesticides) include topoisomerase II inhibition and/or excessive generation of free radicals, which may induce DNA single- and double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) in early HSPCs. Chromosomal rearrangements (duplications, deletions and translocations) may occur if these lesions are not properly repaired. The initiating hit usually occurs in utero and commonly leads to the expression of oncogenic fusion proteins. Subsequent cooperating hits define the disease latency and occur after birth and may be of a genetic, epigenetic or immune nature (i.e., delayed infection-mediated immune deregulation). Here, we review the available experimental and epidemiological evidence linking pesticide exposure to infant and childhood leukemia and provide a mechanistic basis to support the association, focusing on early initiating molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada 18016, Spain.
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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Low JH, Ramdas P, Radhakrishnan AK. Modulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells on leucocytes and leukemic cells: A double-edged sword? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:351-7. [PMID: 26460259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have drawn much attention amongst stem cell researchers in the past few decades. The ability of the MSC to differentiate into cells of mesodermal and non-mesodermal origins has made them an attractive approach for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine. The MSCs have immunosuppressive activities that may have considerable therapeutic values in autoimmune diseases. However, despite the many beneficial effects reported, there is a growing body of evidence, which suggests that MSCs could be a culprit of enhanced tumour growth, metastasis and drug resistance in leukaemia, via some modulatory effects. Many controversies regarding the interactions between MSCs and leukaemia still exist. Furthermore, the role of MSCs in leukemogenesis and its progression remain largely unknown. Hence it is important to understand how the MSCs modulate leukaemia before these cells could be safely used in the treatment of leukaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun How Low
- Rockhampton Base Hospital, Central Queensland, Australia; Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Premdass Ramdas
- Division of Human Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Malaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Malaysia.
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11
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Celiker H, Karaaslan A, Kepenekli Kadayifci E, Atici S, Soysal A, Kazokoglu H, Koc A. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in an ALL Child during Maintenance Therapy Treated Successfully with Intravenous Ganciclovir. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2014; 2014:294238. [PMID: 25161790 PMCID: PMC4137609 DOI: 10.1155/2014/294238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. In here we described cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in 12-year-old male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who was on maintenance phase therapy. Methods. He was referred to our clinic for seeing of spots with the right eye for 3 days. At presentation, his best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination of the anterior chamber of the left eye was within normal limits, whereas we observed 3+ anterior chamber cellular reaction in the right eye. On retinal examination, we found active retinitis lesions (cream-colored lesions associated with hemorrhages) and perivascular cuffing in the retinal periphery in the right eye. Left eye was normal. Results. On the basis of clinical picture, we made the diagnosis of CMVR in the right eye. Vitreous aspiration was performed and 23096 copies/mL of CMV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ganciclovir for two weeks and discharged with oral valganciclovir prophylaxis. Conclusion. CMVR should be in mind in children with ALL on maintenance phase therapy even in those without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These patients can be treated successfully by intravenous ganciclovir alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Celiker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Karaaslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serkan Atici
- Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Soysal
- Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kazokoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Koc
- Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Burmeister T, Bartels G, Gröger D, Trautmann H, Schwartz S, Lenz K, Tietze-Bürger C, Viardot A, Wäsch R, Horst HA, Reinhardt R, Gökbuget N, Hoelzer D, Kneba M, Brüggemann M. Germline variants in IKZF1, ARID5B, and CEBPE as risk factors for adult-onset acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an analysis from the GMALL study group. Haematologica 2014; 99:e23-5. [PMID: 24497567 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.090720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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13
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Kennedy AE, Kamdar KY, Lupo PJ, Okcu MF, Scheurer ME, Dorak MT. Genetic markers in a multi-ethnic sample for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:169-74. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.910662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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López Villar E, Wu D, Cho WC, Madero L, Wang X. Proteomics-based discovery of biomarkers for paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: challenges and opportunities. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1239-46. [PMID: 24912534 PMCID: PMC4124009 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are important breakthroughs in the treatment of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) since 1950, by which the prognosis of the child majority suffered from ALL has been improved. However, there are urgent needs to have disease-specific biomarkers to monitor the therapeutic efficacy and predict the patient prognosis. The present study overviewed proteomics-based research on paediatric ALL to discuss important advances to combat cancer cells and search novel and real protein biomarkers of resistance or sensitivity to drugs which target the signalling networks. We highlighted the importance and significance of a proper phospho-quantitative design and strategy for paediatric ALL between relapse and remission, when human body fluids from cerebrospinal, peripheral blood, or bone-marrow were applied. The present article also assessed the schedule for the analysis of body fluids from patients at different states, importance of proteomics-based tools to discover ALL-specific and sensitive biomarkers, to stimulate paediatric ALL research via proteomics to ‘build’ the reference map of the signalling networks from leukemic cells at relapse, and to monitor significant clinical therapies for ALL-relapse.
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Kamateri E, Kalampokis E, Tambouris E, Tarabanis K. The linked medical data access control framework. J Biomed Inform 2014; 50:213-25. [PMID: 24632296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The integration of medical data coming from multiple sources is important in clinical research. Amongst others, it enables the discovery of appropriate subjects in patient-oriented research and the identification of innovative results in epidemiological studies. At the same time, the integration of medical data faces significant ethical and legal challenges that impose access constraints. Some of these issues can be addressed by making available aggregated instead of raw record-level data. In many cases however, there is still a need for controlling access even to the resulting aggregated data, e.g., due to data provider's policies. In this paper we present the Linked Medical Data Access Control (LiMDAC) framework that capitalizes on Linked Data technologies to enable controlling access to medical data across distributed sources with diverse access constraints. The LiMDAC framework consists of three Linked Data models, namely the LiMDAC metadata model, the LiMDAC user profile model, and the LiMDAC access policy model. It also includes an architecture that exploits these models. Based on the framework, a proof-of-concept platform is developed and its performance and functionality are evaluated by employing two usage scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kamateri
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research & Technology - Hellas, 6th km Xarilaou - Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; University of Macedonia, Egnatia 156, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Kalampokis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research & Technology - Hellas, 6th km Xarilaou - Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; University of Macedonia, Egnatia 156, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Efthimios Tambouris
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research & Technology - Hellas, 6th km Xarilaou - Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; University of Macedonia, Egnatia 156, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Tarabanis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research & Technology - Hellas, 6th km Xarilaou - Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; University of Macedonia, Egnatia 156, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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O’Neill KA, Bunch KJ, Murphy MFG. Intrauterine growth and childhood leukemia and lymphoma risk. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:559-76. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.12.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Cao Y, Lupo PJ, Swartz MD, Nousome D, Scheurer ME. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk in case-parent triads. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84658. [PMID: 24367687 PMCID: PMC3868670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a condition that arises from complex etiologies. The absence of consistent environmental risk factors and the presence of modest familial associations suggest ALL is a complex trait with an underlying genetic component. The identification of genetic factors associated with disease is complicated by complex genetic covariance structures and multiple testing issues. Both issues can be resolved with appropriate Bayesian variable selection methods. The present study was undertaken to extend our hierarchical Bayesian model for case-parent triads to incorporate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and incorporate the biological grouping of SNPs within genes. Based on previous evidence that genetic variation in the folate metabolic pathway influences ALL risk, we evaluated 128 tagging SNPs in 16 folate metabolic genes among 118 ALL case-parent triads recruited from the Texas Children’s Cancer Center (Houston, TX) between 2003 and 2010. We used stochastic search gene suggestion (SSGS) in hierarchical Bayesian models to evaluate the association between folate metabolic SNPs and ALL. Using Bayes factors among these variants in childhood ALL case-parent triads, two SNPs were identified with a Bayes factor greater than 1. There was evidence that the minor alleles of NOS3 rs3918186 (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.51-3.15) and SLC19A1 rs1051266 (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.25-3.46) were positively associated with childhood ALL. Our findings are suggestive of the role of inherited genetic variation in the folate metabolic pathway on childhood ALL risk, and they also suggest the utility of Bayesian variable selection methods in the context of case-parent triads for evaluating the role of SNPs on disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Swartz
- Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Xu LY, Cao LF. GSTT1 genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1433-7. [PMID: 24282086 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) genetic polymorphism has been considered as a risk factor for developing malignant diseases including acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, the results from previous studies are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis of 16 published studies to investigate the association between GSTT1 null variant and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I (2) statistic method. Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI) were pooled to assess the association. Those 16 studies were from 14 publications and included a total of 2,424 cases and 3,447 controls. Meta-analysis of a total of 16 studies showed that GSTT1 null variant was significantly associated with risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (fixed-effect OR = 1.22, 95 %CI 1.07-1.39, P = 0.003, I (2) = 35 %). Subgroup analysis showed that GSTT1 null variant was significantly associated with risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Asians (fixed-effect OR = 1.47, 95 %CI 1.16-1.85, P = 0.001, I (2) = 0 %). However, there was no obvious association in both Caucasians (random-effect OR = 1.07, 95 %CI 0.83-1.38, P = 0.59, I (2) = 53 %) and Africans (random-effect OR = 0.99, 95 %CI 0.31-3.10, P = 0.98, I (2) = 72 %). Therefore, the GSTT1 null variant is significantly associated with susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandongzhong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Berardinelli F, di Masi A, Antoccia A. NBN Gene Polymorphisms and Cancer Susceptibility: A Systemic Review. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:425-40. [PMID: 24396275 PMCID: PMC3867719 DOI: 10.2174/13892029113146660012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between DNA repair failure and cancer is well established as in the case of rare, high penetrant genes in high cancer risk families. Beside this, in the last two decades, several studies have investigated a possible association between low penetrant polymorphic variants in genes devoted to DNA repair pathways and risk for developing cancer. This relationship would be also supported by the observation that DNA repair processes may be modulated by sequence variants in DNA repair genes, leading to susceptibility to environmental carcinogens. In this framework, the aim of this review is to provide the reader with the state of the art on the association between common genetic variants and cancer risk, limiting the attention to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NBN gene and providing the various odd ratios (ORs). In this respect, the NBN protein, together with MRE11 and RAD50, is part of the MRN complex which is a central player in the very early steps of sensing and processing of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), in telomere maintenance, in cell cycle control, and in genomic integrity in general. So far, many papers were devoted to ascertain possible association between common synonymous and non-synonymous NBN gene polymorphisms and increased cancer risk. However, the results still remain inconsistent and inconclusive also in meta-analysis studies for the most investigated E185Q NBN miscoding variant.
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20
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Du J, Lu C, Cui G, Chen Y, He J. DNA repair gene XRCC1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 25:405-15. [PMID: 23997527 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and the susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. We applied Rev Man 4.2 software to pool raw data and test studies' heterogeneity and to calculate the incorporated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Our data showed that the OR for the Gln allele of the Arg399Gln polymorphism, compared with the Arg allele, was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.16-1.57; P<0.0001) for childhood ALL patients. Similarly, the homozygous genotype Gln/Gln and heterozygous genotype Arg/Gln both significantly increased the risk of childhood ALL compared with the wild genotype Arg/Arg (OR =1.58; 95% CI, 1.13-2.21; P=0.008; OR =1.51; 95% CI, 1.21-1.87; P=0.0002). The dominant model of Arg399Gln was associated with childhood ALL risk (OR =1.54; 95% CI, 1.25-1.89; P<0.0001). The ethnic subgroup analysis demonstrated that the Gln allele in all five ethnic groups was prone to be a risk factor for childhood ALL just with different degrees of correlation while Arg194Trp SNP showed a protective or risk factor or irrelevant thing in different races. CONCLUSIONS XRCC1 399 polymorphism may increase the risk of childhood ALL. Different ethnic groups with some gene polymorphism have different disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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21
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Roles of genetic polymorphisms in the folate pathway in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia evaluated by Bayesian relevance and effect size analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69843. [PMID: 23940529 PMCID: PMC3734218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated whether polymorphisms in the folate pathway influenced the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or the survival rate of the patients. For this we selected and genotyped 67 SNPs in 15 genes in the folate pathway in 543 children with ALL and 529 controls. The results were evaluated by gender adjusted logistic regression and by the Bayesian network based Bayesian multilevel analysis of relevance (BN-BMLA) methods. Bayesian structure based odds ratios for the relevant variables and interactions were also calculated. Altogether 9 SNPs in 8 genes were associated with altered susceptibility to ALL. After correction for multiple testing, two associations remained significant. The genotype distribution of the MTHFD1 rs1076991 differed significantly between the ALL and control population. Analyzing the subtypes of the disease the GG genotype increased only the risk of B-cell ALL (p = 3.52×10−4; OR = 2.00). The GG genotype of the rs3776455 SNP in the MTRR gene was associated with a significantly reduced risk to ALL (p = 1.21×10−3; OR = 0.55), which resulted mainly from the reduced risk to B-cell and hyperdiploid-ALL. The TC genotype of the rs9909104 SNP in the SHMT1 gene was associated with a lower survival rate comparing it to the TT genotype (80.2% vs. 88.8%; p = 0.01). The BN-BMLA confirmed the main findings of the frequentist-based analysis and showed structural interactional maps and the probabilities of the different structural association types of the relevant SNPs especially in the hyperdiploid-ALL, involving additional SNPs in genes like TYMS, DHFR and GGH. We also investigated the statistical interactions and redundancies using structural model properties. These results gave further evidence that polymorphisms in the folate pathway could influence the ALL risk and the effectiveness of the therapy. It was also shown that in gene association studies the BN-BMLA could be a useful supplementary to the traditional frequentist-based statistical method.
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Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in an ALL child on exclusive chemotherapy treated successfully with intravitreal ganciclovir alone. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2013; 35:e118-9. [PMID: 23042013 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e31827078ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A child suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia on treatment with exclusive chemotherapy presented with vision-threatening cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in 1 eye. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with 3 weekly doses of 2 mg/0.1 mL intravitreal ganciclovir resulted in successful healing of CMV retinitis with restoration of visual acuity. In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on exclusive chemotherapy without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, CMV retinitis has been reported in only 1 case in literature. This child was treated successfully with intravenous ganciclovir. This report highlights the use of successful intravitreal ganciclovir in pediatric age group to avoid side effects of systemic ganciclovir.
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Lariou MS, Dikalioti SK, Dessypris N, Baka M, Polychronopoulou S, Athanasiadou-Piperopoulou F, Kalmanti M, Fragandrea I, Moschovi M, Germenis AE, Petridou ET. Allergy and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia among children: A nationwide case control study in Greece. Cancer Epidemiol 2013. [PMID: 23182223 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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SHRINE: enabling nationally scalable multi-site disease studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55811. [PMID: 23533569 PMCID: PMC3591385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Results of medical research studies are often contradictory or cannot be reproduced. One reason is that there may not be enough patient subjects available for observation for a long enough time period. Another reason is that patient populations may vary considerably with respect to geographic and demographic boundaries thus limiting how broadly the results apply. Even when similar patient populations are pooled together from multiple locations, differences in medical treatment and record systems can limit which outcome measures can be commonly analyzed. In total, these differences in medical research settings can lead to differing conclusions or can even prevent some studies from starting. We thus sought to create a patient research system that could aggregate as many patient observations as possible from a large number of hospitals in a uniform way. We call this system the ‘Shared Health Research Information Network’, with the following properties: (1) reuse electronic health data from everyday clinical care for research purposes, (2) respect patient privacy and hospital autonomy, (3) aggregate patient populations across many hospitals to achieve statistically significant sample sizes that can be validated independently of a single research setting, (4) harmonize the observation facts recorded at each institution such that queries can be made across many hospitals in parallel, (5) scale to regional and national collaborations. The purpose of this report is to provide open source software for multi-site clinical studies and to report on early uses of this application. At this time SHRINE implementations have been used for multi-site studies of autism co-morbidity, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, colorectal cancer, diabetes, and others. The wide range of study objectives and growing adoption suggest that SHRINE may be applicable beyond the research uses and participating hospitals named in this report.
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Nousome D, Lupo PJ, Okcu MF, Scheurer ME. Maternal and offspring xenobiotic metabolism haplotypes and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2013; 37:531-5. [PMID: 23433810 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Discovering genetic predictors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) necessitates the evaluation of novel factors including maternal genetic effects, which are a proxy for the intrauterine environment, and robust epidemiologic study designs. Therefore, we evaluated five maternal and offspring xenobiotic metabolism haplotypes and the risk of childhood ALL among 120 case-parent triads. Two of the five haplotypes were significantly associated with risk: GSTM3/GSTM4 (P=0.01) and GSTP1 (P=0.02). The EPHX1 haplotype was marginally associated with risk (P=0.05), whereas haplotypes in CYP1B1 and GSTA4 were not. Our results suggest genetic variation in xenobiotic metabolism is important in childhood ALL etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Nousome
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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Metayer C, Milne E, Clavel J, Infante-Rivard C, Petridou E, Taylor M, Schüz J, Spector LG, Dockerty JD, Magnani C, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Sinnett D, Murphy M, Roman E, Monge P, Ezzat S, Mueller BA, Scheurer ME, Armstrong BK, Birch J, Kaatsch P, Koifman S, Lightfoot T, Bhatti P, Bondy ML, Rudant J, O'Neill K, Miligi L, Dessypris N, Kang AY, Buffler PA. The Childhood Leukemia International Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:336-47. [PMID: 23403126 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute leukemia is the most common cancer in children under 15 years of age; 80% are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 17% are acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Childhood leukemia shows further diversity based on cytogenetic and molecular characteristics, which may relate to distinct etiologies. Case-control studies conducted worldwide, particularly of ALL, have collected a wealth of data on potential risk factors and in some studies, biospecimens. There is growing evidence for the role of infectious/immunologic factors, fetal growth, and several environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL. The risk of childhood leukemia, like other complex diseases, is likely to be influenced both by independent and interactive effects of genes and environmental exposures. While some studies have analyzed the role of genetic variants, few have been sufficiently powered to investigate gene-environment interactions. OBJECTIVES The Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC) was established in 2007 to promote investigations of rarer exposures, gene-environment interactions and subtype-specific associations through the pooling of data from independent studies. METHODS By September 2012, CLIC included 22 studies (recruitment period: 1962-present) from 12 countries, totaling approximately 31000 cases and 50000 controls. Of these, 19 case-control studies have collected detailed epidemiologic data, and DNA samples have been collected from children and child-parent trios in 15 and 13 of these studies, respectively. Two registry-based studies and one study comprising hospital records routinely obtained at birth and/or diagnosis have limited interview data or biospecimens. CONCLUSIONS CLIC provides a unique opportunity to fill gaps in knowledge about the role of environmental and genetic risk factors, critical windows of exposure, the effects of gene-environment interactions and associations among specific leukemia subtypes in different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Metayer
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 460, Berkeley, CA 94704-1070, USA.
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27
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Current evidence for an inherited genetic basis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2012; 97:3-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Lautner-Csorba O, Gézsi A, Semsei AF, Antal P, Erdélyi DJ, Schermann G, Kutszegi N, Csordás K, Hegyi M, Kovács G, Falus A, Szalai C. Candidate gene association study in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia evaluated by Bayesian network based Bayesian multilevel analysis of relevance. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:42. [PMID: 23021489 PMCID: PMC3542204 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We carried out a candidate gene association study in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to identify possible genetic risk factors in a Hungarian population. Methods The results were evaluated with traditional statistical methods and with our newly developed Bayesian network based Bayesian multilevel analysis of relevance (BN-BMLA) method. We collected genomic DNA and clinical data from 543 children, who underwent chemotherapy due to ALL, and 529 healthy controls. Altogether 66 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 19 candidate genes were genotyped. Results With logistic regression, we identified 6 SNPs in the ARID5B and IKZF1 genes associated with increased risk to B-cell ALL, and two SNPs in the STAT3 gene, which decreased the risk to hyperdiploid ALL. Because the associated SNPs were in linkage in each gene, these associations corresponded to one signal per gene. The odds ratio (OR) associated with the tag SNPs were: OR = 1.69, P = 2.22x10-7 for rs4132601 (IKZF1), OR = 1.53, P = 1.95x10-5 for rs10821936 (ARID5B) and OR = 0.64, P = 2.32x10-4 for rs12949918 (STAT3). With the BN-BMLA we confirmed the findings of the frequentist-based method and received additional information about the nature of the relations between the SNPs and the disease. E.g. the rs10821936 in ARID5B and rs17405722 in STAT3 showed a weak interaction, and in case of T-cell lineage sample group, the gender showed a weak interaction with three SNPs in three genes. In the hyperdiploid patient group the BN-BMLA detected a strong interaction among SNPs in the NOTCH1, STAT1, STAT3 and BCL2 genes. Evaluating the survival rate of the patients with ALL, the BN-BMLA showed that besides risk groups and subtypes, genetic variations in the BAX and CEBPA genes might also influence the probability of survival of the patients. Conclusions In the present study we confirmed the roles of genetic variations in ARID5B and IKZF1 in the susceptibility to B-cell ALL. With the newly developed BN-BMLA method several gene-gene, gene-phenotype and phenotype-phenotype connections were revealed. We showed several advantageous features of the new method, and suggested that in gene association studies the BN-BMLA might be a useful supplementary to the traditional frequentist-based statistical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Lautner-Csorba
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Lupo PJ, Nousome D, Kamdar KY, Okcu MF, Scheurer ME. A case-parent triad assessment of folate metabolic genes and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1797-803. [PMID: 22941668 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a case-parent triad study evaluating the role of maternal and offspring genotypes in the folate metabolic pathway on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk. METHODS Childhood ALL case-parent triads (n = 120) were recruited from Texas Children's Hospital. DNA samples were genotyped using the Sequenom iPLEX MassARRAY for 68 tagSNPs in six folate metabolic pathway genes (MTHFR, MTRR, MTR, DHFR, BHMT, and TYMS). Log-linear modeling was used to examine the associations between maternal and offspring genotypes and ALL. RESULTS After controlling for the false discovery rate (<0.1), there were 20 significant maternal effects in the following genes: BHMT (n = 3), MTR (n = 12), and TYMS (n = 5). For instance, maternal genotypes for BHMT rs558133 (relative risk [RR] = 0.51, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.87, p = 0.008, Q = 0.08) and MTR rs2282369 (RR = 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.80, p = 0.004, Q = 0.08) were associated with ALL. There were no significant offspring effects after controlling for the false discovery rate. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the few studies conducted to evaluate maternal genetic effects in the context of childhood ALL risk. Furthermore, we employed a family-based design that is less susceptible to population stratification bias in the estimation of maternal genetic effects. Our findings suggest that maternal genetic variation in the folate metabolic pathway is relevant in the etiology of childhood ALL. The observed maternal genetic effects support the need for continued research of how the uterine environment may influence risk of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lupo
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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Enciso-Mora V, Hosking FJ, Sheridan E, Kinsey SE, Lightfoot T, Roman E, Irving JAE, Tomlinson IPM, Allan JM, Taylor M, Greaves M, Houlston RS. Common genetic variation contributes significantly to the risk of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2012; 26:2212-5. [PMID: 22456626 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided the first unambiguous evidence that common genetic variation influences the risk of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), identifying risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) localizing to 7p12.2, 9p21.3, 10q21.2 and 14q11.2. The testing of SNPs individually for an association in GWA studies necessitates the imposition of a very stringent P-value to address the issue of multiple testing. While this reduces false positives, real associations may be missed and therefore any estimate of the total heritability will be negatively biased. Using GWAS data on 823 BCP-ALL cases by considering all typed SNPs simultaneously, we have calculated that 24% of the total variation in BCP-ALL risk is accounted for common genetic variation (95% confidence interval 6-42%). Our findings provide support for a polygenic basis for susceptibility to BCP-ALL and have wider implications for future searches for novel disease-causing risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Enciso-Mora
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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