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Nyakundi BB, Yang J. Uses of Papaya Leaf and Seaweed Supplementations for Controlling Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076846. [PMID: 37047820 PMCID: PMC10095424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies from laboratory animal models and complementary medical practices have implied that nutrients from special plants or herbs contain antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-obese, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Seaweed and tropical papaya, which are widely available in Asian and Pacific countries, have been used as home remedies for centuries. The bioactive extracts from these plants contain vitamins A, C, B and E complexes, as well as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, essential fatty acids, flavonoids, saponins, fucoidan, and phlorotannin. In this review, the authors examine the pathogenesis of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia due to the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, antidiabetic/antihyperglycemic seaweed or/and papaya derived bioactive phytochemicals and their proposed mechanisms of action in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The authors also propose combining papaya and seaweed to enhance their antidiabetic effects, leveraging the advantages of herb-to-herb combination. Papaya and seaweed have demonstrated antidiabetic effects through in vitro assays, cellular models, and animal studies despite the limited clinical trials. Nutraceuticals with antidiabetic effects, such as secondary metabolites isolated from seaweed and papaya, could be combined for a synergistic effect on T2DM management. However, the application of these compounds in their purified or mixed forms require further scientific studies to evaluate their efficacy against diabetes-related complications, such as hyperlipidemia, elevated free radicals, pro-inflammatory molecules, insulin insensitivity, and the degeneration of pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard B. Nyakundi
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jinzeng Yang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Okui T. Socioeconomic Predictors of Diabetes Mortality in Japan: An Ecological Study Using Municipality-specific Data. J Prev Med Public Health 2021; 54:352-359. [PMID: 34649397 PMCID: PMC8517364 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.21.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the geographic distribution of diabetes mortality in Japan and identify socioeconomic factors affecting differences in municipality-specific diabetes mortality. Methods Diabetes mortality data by year and municipality from 2013 to 2017 were extracted from Japanese Vital Statistics, and the socioeconomic characteristics of municipalities were obtained from government statistics. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of diabetes for each municipality using the empirical Bayes method and represented geographic differences in SMRs in a map of Japan. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify the socioeconomic factors affecting differences in SMR. Statistically significant socioeconomic factors were further assessed by calculating the relative risk of mortality of quintiles of municipalities classified according to the degree of each socioeconomic factor using Poisson regression analysis. Results The geographic distribution of diabetes mortality differed by gender. Of the municipality-specific socioeconomic factors, high rates of single-person households and unemployment and a high number of hospital beds were associated with a high SMR for men. High rates of fatherless households and blue-collar workers were associated with a high SMR for women, while high taxable income per-capita income and total population were associated with low SMR for women. Quintile analysis revealed a complex relationship between taxable income and mortality for women. The mortality risk of quintiles with the highest and lowest taxable per-capita income was significantly lower than that of the middle-income quintile. Conclusions Socioeconomic factors of municipalities in Japan were found to affect geographic differences in diabetes mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Okui
- Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Aoe S, Yamanaka C, Ohtoshi H, Nakamura F, Fujiwara S. Effects of Daily Kelp ( Laminaria japonica) Intake on Body Composition, Serum Lipid Levels, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Healthy Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:352. [PMID: 34206160 PMCID: PMC8307228 DOI: 10.3390/md19070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether supplementation with iodine-reduced kelp (Laminaria japonica) powder decreases body fat composition in overweight Japanese subjects, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in 50 Japanese subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and <30 kg/m2. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume thirty tablets/d (10 tablets orally, 3 times/d) containing either iodine-reduced kelp powder (test, 6 g kelp powder corresponding to 3 g alginate/d) or kelp-free powder (placebo) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipids, and serum thyroid hormone levels were obtained before and after the trial. Body fat percentage was significantly decreased in male subjects from the test group compared with the placebo group. The same tendency was observed for body weight (p = 0.065) and BMI (p = 0.072) in male subjects. No significant changes in anthropometric measurements or visceral fat area were observed in female subjects. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations did not increase after 1.03 mg/d of iodine supplementation through kelp intake. The intake of iodine-reduced kelp powder led to significant and safe reductions in body fat percentage in overweight male subjects. The consumption of kelp high in alginate may contribute to preventing obesity without influencing thyroid function in Japanese subjects with a relatively high intake of iodine from seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Aoe
- Department of Food Science, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan
- The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan;
| | - Chiemi Yamanaka
- The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women’s University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan;
| | | | - Fumiko Nakamura
- CPCC Company Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0047, Japan; (F.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Suguru Fujiwara
- CPCC Company Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0047, Japan; (F.N.); (S.F.)
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Kim TW, Choi ES, Kim WJ, Jo HS. The Association with COPD Readmission Rate and Access to Medical Institutions in Elderly Patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1599-1606. [PMID: 34113092 PMCID: PMC8184368 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s302631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Up to 20% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) require re-admission within 30 days of discharge after hospitalization for acute exacerbations of the disease. These re-admissions can increase morbidity and the economic burden of COPD. Reducing re-admissions has become a policy target in many developed countries. We investigated the risk factors for COPD re-admissions among older adults with COPD. Patients and Methods Data obtained from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort (NHIS-SC) in Korea were analyzed. The subjects included 558,147 patients aged ≥70 who had been admitted for COPD between 2013 and 2015. Re-admission was defined as being re-hospitalized within 30 days after discharge. The key variables selected from the database included income-based insurance contributions, demographical variables, information on inpatient medical services, types of healthcare facilities, and emergency time relevance index (TRI). The TRI is a regional medical-use analysis index that evaluates whether the capacity of the medical services available is appropriate for the medical needs of the target residents. Results In 814 COPD re-admission cases among 4867 total admissions due to COPD in elderly subjects, higher re-admission rates were associated with male sex, admission to district hospitals, medical aid recipients, and a longer hospital stay. When additionally adjusting the TRI to identify the difference in re-admission rates due to medical service accessibility, the same results were found, except for the areas of residence. The TRI was lower in re-admission cases (odds ratio 0.991 [95% CI, 0.984‒0.998], P = 0.013). Conclusion In this study, COPD re-admission rates among older adults were significantly associated with sex, length of hospital stay, and the type of hospital. The capacity of the medical services provided was also related to the COPD re-admission rate. Better access to appropriate emergency services is associated with reduction of COPD re-admission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Sil Choi
- Gangwon Public Health Policy Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Heui Sug Jo
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Ha K, Song Y, Kim HK. Regional disparities in the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and healthy dietary factors in Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:519-531. [PMID: 33029291 PMCID: PMC7520562 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Regional disparities in dietary factors might be related to regional disparities in cardiometabolic health. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary factors with regional types in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS Based on data from the 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study included 39,781 adults aged ≥ 19 years who completed the dietary survey and a health examination. Healthy and unhealthy dietary factors (fat, sodium, fruit, and vegetable intakes) were evaluated using 1-day 24-h dietary recall method, as well as the use of nutrition labels with a questionnaire. RESULTS Of the participants, 48.7%, 36.0%, and 15.2% lived in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively. Adults living in urban and rural had higher odds ratios (ORs) for obesity (OR for urban, 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.14; OR for rural, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.24) than adults living in metropolitan areas; these associations were significantly observed in middle-aged adults. Compared to metropolitan residents, rural residents had lower ORs for hypertension in middle-aged (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.96) and metabolic syndrome in older adults (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67–0.91). Regarding urban residents, a lower OR for diabetes in middle-aged adults (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.97) and a higher OR for hypertension in older adults (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02–1.39) were observed. Overall rural residents had higher ORs of excessive carbohydrate, low fruit, and high salted-vegetable intakes than metropolitan residents. Low fruit intake was positively associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, after adjustment for regional type and other confounders in total participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that cardiometabolic risk and unhealthy dietary factors differ among regional types and age groups within Korea. Nutritional policy and interventions should consider regional types for prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - YoonJu Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
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Ding KX, Gao TL, Xu R, Cai J, Zhang HQ, Sun YY, Zhong F, Ma AG. Quantifying the Effect of Supplementation with Algae and Its Extracts on Glycolipid Metabolism: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1712. [PMID: 32521609 PMCID: PMC7352414 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The effect of algae and its extract supplementation on glycolipid metabolism has not been finalized. Therefore, the purpose of the meta-analyses was to assess the effects of its supplementation on glycolipid metabolism concentration. METHODS We have systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the impact of algae and its extracts supplementation on glycolipid metabolism. Effect size analysis was performed using weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI between the methods of the experiment group and the control group. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the possible influences of study characteristics. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. RESULTS A total of 27 RCTs (31 trials) with 1221 participants were finally selected for the meta-analysis. The algae and its extract intervention significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c, WMD = -0.18%; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.10; p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, WMD = -0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.06; p = 0.008), and triglycerides (TC, WMD = -0.31 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.25; p < 0.001) levels and increased insulin (WMD = 6.05 pmol/mL; 95% CI: 4.01 to 8.09; p < 0.001) levels. It did not significantly change the blood glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), 2-h post-meal blood glucose (2hPBG) and other lipid profiles. Subgroup analyses based on the duration of intervention and subjects demonstrated that the intervention of algae and its extracts for 10 weeks or fewer and more than 40 subjects decreased TC levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, the intervention reduced TC and 2hPBG concentrations for East Asians (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided evidence that algae and its extract interventions were beneficial for the regulation of human glycolipid metabolism. More precise RCTs on subjects are recommended to further clarify the effect of algae, seaweed polysaccharide, seaweed polypeptide, algae polyphenol and its products intervention on glycolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-xiang Ding
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Tian-lin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hua-qi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yong-ye Sun
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Feng Zhong
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ai-guo Ma
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (K.-x.D.); (T.-l.G.); (R.X.); (J.C.); (H.-q.Z.); (Y.-y.S.); (A.-g.M.)
- Institute of nutrition and health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Kim MS, Kim KH, Park SM, Lee JG, Ko YS, Cho AR, Ku YS. Comparison of Health Status in Primary Care Underserved Area Residents and the General Population in Korea. Korean J Fam Med 2019; 41:119-125. [PMID: 31852174 PMCID: PMC7093676 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study compared chronic diseases and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in between primary care underserved areas residents and the general population. Methods Underserved areas were identified according to accessibility and the time relevance index for primary care. Overall, 279 participants aged ≥60 years from four counties enrolled voluntarily. A total of 1,873 individuals were assigned in the control group using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. We assessed the differences in prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension and diabetes and HRQoL using both subjective health status and the Korean version of the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire using multivariate logistic regression analysis between the two groups. Results For hypertension, prevalence did not differ significantly between the two groups, whereas awareness and control were lower in the underserved areas than that in the general population; the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 0.40 (0.25–0.64) and 0.27 (0.18–0.41), respectively. For diabetes, differences in prevalence, awareness, and control were statistically insignificant. The proportion reporting poor subjective health status and problems in four EQ-5D indexes (ability to exercise, daily activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) was higher in the underserved areas, which also had a lower EQ-5D index, than that in the general population. Conclusion Primary care underserved area residents were underdiagnosed and under-controlled for hypertension and reported poorer subjective health and HRQoL compared to the general population. Primary care is the attributable factor to awareness and control of chronic diseases and subjective health and QoL in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min So Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyae Hyung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Public Health and Medical Service, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Goo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Seo Ko
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Su Ku
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Associations of Fasting Blood Glucose with Influencing Factors in Northeast China: A Quantile Regression Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111368. [PMID: 29125537 PMCID: PMC5708007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major public health problem in China. Although a number of researchers have investigated DM risk factors, little is known about the associations between values of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and influencing factors. This study aims to explore these associations by the quantile regression (QR) model. Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on a sample of 23,050 adults aged 18 to 79 years was conducted in Jilin in 2012, and some subjects were excluded due to missing values with respect to necessary variables or having glycemic control, in accordance with the purposes of this study. Finally, in total 14,698 people were included in this study. QR was performed to identify the factors influencing the level of FBG in different quantiles of FBG. Results: The distribution of FBG status was different between males and females (χ2 = 175.30, p < 0.001). The QR model provided more detailed views on the associations of FBG with different factors and revealed apparent quantile-related patterns separately for different factors. Body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with the low and middle quantiles of FBG. Waist circumference (WC) had a positive association with the high quantiles of FBG. Conclusions: FBG had a positive association with BMI in normal FBG, and a positive association with WC in high FBG. Diet and alcohol intake were associated with FBG in normal FBG. FBG was more likely to be elevated in the elderly, female workers, and people with family history of DM.
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Park CS, Ha KH, Kim HC, Park S, Ihm SH, Lee HY. The Association between Parameters of Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension in Korea: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1922-1928. [PMID: 27822930 PMCID: PMC5102855 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.12.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between socioeconomic status and hypertension in Korea, a country that has experienced a dynamic socioeconomic transition. We analyzed participants of a prospective cohort study-the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-enrolled between 2001 and 2003. We recruited 7,089 subjects who underwent a 4-year follow up till 2007. Education and income levels, which are important parameters for socioeconomic status, were stratified into 4 groups. Education level was defined as short (≤ 6 years), mid-short (7-9 years), mid-long (10-12 years), and long (≥ 12 years). Monthly income level was stratified as low (< 500,000 KRW), mid-low (500,000-1,499,999 KRW), mid-high (1,500,000-2,999,999 KRW) or high (≥ 3,000,000 KRW). At baseline, 2,805 subjects (39.5%) were diagnosed with hypertension. Education and income levels were inversely associated with the prevalence and incidence of hypertension (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, a shorter duration of education was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension (P < 0.001), but income level was not (P = 0.305). During the follow-up, 605 subjects (14.2%) were newly diagnosed with hypertension. In multivariate adjusted analysis, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for incident hypertension across the longer education groups were 0.749 (0.544-1.032), 0.639 (0.462-0.884), and 0.583 (0.387-0.879), compared with the shortest education group. There was no significant association between incident hypertension and income across higher income groups: 0.988 (0.714-1.366), 0.780 (0.542-1.121), and 0.693 (0.454-1.056), compared with the lowest income group. In conclusion, education and income levels are associated with the prevalence and incidence of hypertension, but only education is an independent prognostic factor in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Soon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hae Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Du GL, Su YX, Yao H, Zhu J, Ma Q, Tuerdi A, He XD, Wang L, Wang ZQ, Xiao S, Wang SX, Su LP. Metabolic Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Correlated Glycemic Control/Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study between Rural and Urban Uygur Residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162611. [PMID: 27622506 PMCID: PMC5021360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is a major global public health problem driven by a high prevalence of metabolic risk factors. Objective To describe the differences of metabolic risk factors of type 2 diabetes, as well as glycemic control and complicated diabetic complications between rural and urban Uygur residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study, conducted among 2879 urban and 918 rural participants in Xinjiang, China, assessed the metabolic risk factors of diabetes and related complications differences between urban and rural settlements. Results Compared to rural areas, urban participants had higher education level and more average income, little physical activity, less triglycerides and higher HDL-c (p < 0.05 respectively). Differences in metabolic risk factors by urban/rural residence included overweight or obesity, triglycerides (≥1.71mmol/l), HDL-c (< 1.04 mmol/l), alcohol intake, and physical inactivity (p < 0.01 respectively). There was significant difference regarding the prevalence of HbA1c >8% (48.1% versus 54.5%, p = 0.019) between rural and urban diabetic participants. No significant difference in the prevalence of type 2 diabetic complications between urban and rural participants (74.9% versus 72.2%; p = 0.263) was detected. Compared to rural participants, the most prevalent modifiable risk factors associated with diabetic complications in urban participants were obesity (BMI ≥ 28 Kg/m2), HDL-c (< 1.04 mmol/l), physical inactivity and irregular eating habits (p = 0.035, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.013, respectively). Conclusions Urban settlers were significantly more likely to have metabolic risk factors highlighting the need for public health efforts to improve health outcomes for these vulnerable populations. Diabetes related complications risk factors were prevalent amongst rural and urban diabetes settlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-li Du
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yin-xia Su
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hua Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qi Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ablikm Tuerdi
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-dong He
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Metabolic Disease, Clinical Medical Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shu-xia Wang
- Department of Health Check Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li-ping Su
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Leppold C, Tsubokura M, Ozaki A, Nomura S, Shimada Y, Morita T, Ochi S, Tanimoto T, Kami M, Kanazawa Y, Oikawa T, Hill S. Sociodemographic patterning of long-term diabetes mellitus control following Japan's 3.11 triple disaster: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011455. [PMID: 27388360 PMCID: PMC4947778 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the sociodemographic patterning of changes in glycaemic control of patients with diabetes affected by the 2011 triple disaster in Japan (earthquake, tsunami and nuclear accident). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was undertaken with 404 patients with diabetes at a public hospital in Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured in 2010, 2011 and 2012 to capture changes in glycaemic control postdisaster. Age, sex, urban/rural residency, evacuation status and medication use were also assessed. RESULTS There was an overall deterioration in glycaemic control after the disaster, with the mean HbA1c rising from 6.77% in 2010 to 6.90% in 2012 (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, NGSP). Rural residency was associated with a lower likelihood of deteriorating control (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.84), compared with urban residency. Older age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) was also slightly protective against increased HbA1c. Evacuation and sex were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS Patients with diabetes who were affected by Japan's triple disaster experienced a deterioration in their glycaemic control following the disasters. The extent of this deterioration was mediated by sociodemographic factors, with rural residence and older age protective against the effects of the disaster on glycaemic control. These results may be indicative of underlying social determinants of health in rural Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leppold
- Department of Research, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
- Global Public Health Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Protection, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yuki Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sae Ochi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Kanazawa
- Department of Radiation Protection, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Oikawa
- Department of Radiation Protection, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Sarah Hill
- Global Public Health Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Jeon YJ, Kim CR, Park JS, Choi KH, Kang MJ, Park SG, Park YJ. Health inequalities in hypertension and diabetes management among the poor in urban areas: a population survey analysis in south Korea. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:492. [PMID: 27286953 PMCID: PMC4901480 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and diabetes differed by residential areas. In addition, the rate of good hypertension or diabetes control was examined separately in men and women, and in urban and rural areas. METHODS This study used Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination V (2010-2012) data, a nationwide cross-sectional survey of general South Korean population. Residential areas were categorized into urban and rural areas. To examine differences between the residential areas in terms of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and diabetes we performed a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, marital status, monthly income, and educational level. To investigate control of hypertension or diabetes within each residential area, we performed a subgroup analysis in both urban and rural areas. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension is higher among men in urban areas than among those in rural areas (OR = 0.80; 95 % CI = 0.67-0.96, reference group = urban areas). However, the subgroups did not differ in terms of diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. Regardless of both sex and residential area, participants in good control of their hypertension and diabetes were younger. Inequality in good control of hypertension was observed in men who lived in urban (≤Elementary school, OR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.60-0.92) and rural areas (≤Elementary school, OR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.46-0.99). Inequality in health status was found in women who resided in urban areas (≤Elementary school, OR 0.53, 95 % CI 0.37-0.75). Good control of diabetes also showed inequalities in health status for both men (≤Elementary school, OR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.40-0.94; Middle/High school, OR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.49-0.96) and women in urban areas (≤1 million won, OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.33-0.93) (Reference group = '≥College' for education and '>3 million' Korean won for income). CONCLUSIONS After correction for individual socioeconomic status, differences by residential area were not observed. However, when the participants with good disease control were divided by region, inequality was confirmed in urban residents. Therefore, differentiated health policies to resolve individual and regional health inequalities are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jee Jeon
- Department of Family Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Reen Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877, Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Sung Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Choi
- Center for Health Promotion and Cancer Prevention, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Joo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Guk Park
- Departments of Family Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Kim YM, Kwak MJ, Kim SY, Kim HJ, Cheon CK, Chung WY, Choi IJ, Hong SY, Chueh HW, Yoo JH. Incidence trends and associated factors of diabetes mellitus in Korean children and adolescents: a retrospective cohort study in Busan and Gyeongnam. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015; 20:206-12. [PMID: 26817007 PMCID: PMC4722160 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2015.20.4.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the incidence trends and associated factors of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents under 15 years of age in Busan and Gyeongnam, Korea from 2001 to 2010. METHODS Medical records of newly diagnosed diabetes patients (n=328; 160 males, 168 females) were collected in questionnaire form from 5 tertiary and 42 general hospitals in Busan and Gyeongnam. RESULTS The average crude incidence rate of T1DM and T2DM was 2.01/100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76-2.28) and 0.75/100,000 (95% CI, 0.60-0.92), respectively. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of T1DM was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.01-1.69), and that of T2DM was 1.97 (95% CI, 1.25-3.11) in the latter half-decade (2006 to 2010) compared to the early half-decade (2001 to 2005). There were gradually increasing incidence trends in both T1DM and T2DM over the 10-year period (P for trend: T1DM, 0.0009; T2DM, <0.0001). Age-specific IRR was highest in the 10- to 14-year-old group, regardless of diabetes type. In particular, a rapid increase in incidence of T2DM occurred in the 10- to 14-year-old group. IRR for females was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.83-1.38) for T1DM and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.01-2.41) for T2DM. IRR for Busan (urban) was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.09-1.83) for T1DM and 1.49 (95% CI, 0.96-2.30) for T2DM. CONCLUSION T1DM and T2DM incidence both increased over time in youth under age 15 living in Busan and Gyeongnam; in particular, the incidence of T2DM in adolescents increased more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Yung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Woo Yeong Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Im-Jeong Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mirae Children's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Young Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ijoeun Children's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Won Chueh
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Al-Rubeaan K, Al-Manaa HA, Khoja TA, Ahmad NA, Al-Sharqawi AH, Siddiqui K, Alnaqeb D, Aburisheh KH, Youssef AM, Al-Batel A, Alotaibi MS, Al-Gamdi AA. Epidemiology of abnormal glucose metabolism in a country facing its epidemic: SAUDI-DM study. J Diabetes 2015; 7:622-32. [PMID: 25266306 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saudi Arabia is a community thrilled by sudden social and economical changes, leading to a sharp increase in the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism. Age-specific diabetes and impaired fasting glucose prevalence is the focus of this study with the expected risk factors. METHODS A nationwide, household, randomized, population based cohort of 18 034 participants aged ≥30 years was selected to test for abnormal glucose metabolism using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes was 25.4% with 40.3% being unaware of their disease, while impaired fasting glucose (IFG) affected 25.5% of the total sample. IFG to diabetes ratio was one in this study, decreasing with age and increasing with body weight. Age ≥45 years, hypertension, history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and high triglycerides are the strongest risk factors in diabetic patients, while history of GDM, dyslipidemia, obesity, and high triglycerides are the most significant risk factors in IFG participants. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal glucose metabolism has reached an epidemic level in this society, where half of adults and older are affected. Risk factors are behind this epidemic and the quick shift from IFG to diabetes in this society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Rubeaan
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Najlaa A Ahmad
- Biostatistics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Siddiqui
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dehkra Alnaqeb
- Research Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amira M Youssef
- Registry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Batel
- Central Department of Statistics and Information, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metib S Alotaibi
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Al-Gamdi
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Son HS, Kim SG, Suh BS, Park DU, Kim DS, Yu SD, Hong YS, Park JD, Lee BK, Moon JD, Sakong J. Association of cadmium with diabetes in middle-aged residents of abandoned metal mines: the first health effect surveillance for residents in abandoned metal mines. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015; 27:20. [PMID: 26306202 PMCID: PMC4547430 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-015-0071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the association between urinary cadmium (U-cd) concentration and diabetes in middle-aged Korean residents of abandoned mines using the first Health Effect Surveillance for Residents in Abandoned Metal mines (HESRAM). METHODS This study was cross-sectional study conducted on 719 residents between 40-70 years in 38 abandoned metal mines in Korea. Data was collected by HESRAM from 2008 to 2011. The correlation coefficient of U-cd and fasting blood glucose, odds ratio in urinary cadmium tertiles and diabetes prevalence was analyzed according to the sex category. RESULTS The correlation coefficient U-cd concentration and fasting blood glucose was 0.182 in male. Logistic regression analysis in male revealed a third tertile odds ratio of U-cd (2 μg/g creatinine < U-cd) while diabetes prevalence was 1.81 (95 % CI 1.05-3.12) with adjusted age, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption, region, family income. On the other hand, the odds ratio for third tertile of U-cd (3 μg/g creatinine < U-cd) between diabetes prevalence in female was 1.39 (95 % CI 0.52-3.72) in addition to adjusted menopausal status. CONCLUSIONS Environmental exposure to cadmium in abandoned mine residents was associated with diabetes in male. Closed monitoring and periodic evaluation of the health effects of chronic environmental exposure on abandoned mines residents will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seung Son
- Department of 1Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Medical Center of Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Geun Kim
- Department of 1Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Medical Center of Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Seong Suh
- Department of 1Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Medical Center of Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, Environmental Health Research Division, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, Environmental Health Research Division, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Duck Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kook Lee
- Korean Industrial Health Association, Hyesan Bldg., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Dong Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sakong
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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16
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Potential Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed for Diabetes Management. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5447-91. [PMID: 26308010 PMCID: PMC4557030 DOI: 10.3390/md13085447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of the endocrine system characterised by hyperglycaemia. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes the majority of diabetes cases around the world and are due to unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, as well as rise of obesity in the population, which warrants the search for new preventive and treatment strategies. Improved comprehension of T2DM pathophysiology provided various new agents and approaches against T2DM including via nutritional and lifestyle interventions. Seaweeds are rich in dietary fibres, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenolic compounds. Many of these seaweed compositions have been reported to be beneficial to human health including in managing diabetes. In this review, we discussed the diversity of seaweed composition and bioactive compounds which are potentially useful in preventing or managing T2DM by targeting various pharmacologically relevant routes including inhibition of enzymes such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, lipase, aldose reductase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Other mechanisms of action identified, such as anti-inflammatory, induction of hepatic antioxidant enzymes’ activities, stimulation of glucose transport and incretin hormones release, as well as β-cell cytoprotection, were also discussed by taking into consideration numerous in vitro, in vivo, and human studies involving seaweed and seaweed-derived agents.
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17
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The study of diabetes prevalence and related risk factors in Fuyang, a Chinese county under rapid urbanization. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-015-0405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Brown EM, Allsopp PJ, Magee PJ, Gill CIR, Nitecki S, Strain CR, McSorley EM. Seaweed and human health. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:205-16. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Pamela J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Chris IR Gill
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Sonja Nitecki
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Conall R Strain
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
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Dye C, Bourdin Trunz B, Lönnroth K, Roglic G, Williams BG. Nutrition, diabetes and tuberculosis in the epidemiological transition. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21161. [PMID: 21712992 PMCID: PMC3119681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes prevalence and body mass index reflect the nutritional profile of populations but have opposing effects on tuberculosis risk. Interactions between diabetes and BMI could help or hinder TB control in growing, aging, urbanizing populations. Methods and Findings We compiled data describing temporal changes in BMI, diabetes prevalence and population age structure in rural and urban areas for men and women in countries with high (India) and low (Rep. Korea) TB burdens. Using published data on the risks of TB associated with these factors, we calculated expected changes in TB incidence between 1998 and 2008. In India, TB incidence cases would have increased (28% from 1.7 m to 2.1 m) faster than population size (22%) because of adverse effects of aging, urbanization, changing BMI and rising diabetes prevalence, generating an increase in TB incidence per capita of 5.5% in 10 years. In India, general nutritional improvements were offset by a fall in BMI among the majority of men who live in rural areas. The growing prevalence of diabetes in India increased the annual number of TB cases in people with diabetes by 46% between 1998 and 2008. In Korea, by contrast, the number of TB cases increased more slowly (6.1% from 40,200 to 42,800) than population size (14%) because of positive effects of urbanization, increasing BMI and falling diabetes prevalence. Consequently, TB incidence per capita fell by 7.8% in 10 years. Rapid population aging was the most significant adverse effect in Korea. Conclusions Nutritional and demographic changes had stronger adverse effects on TB in high-incidence India than in lower-incidence Korea. The unfavourable effects in both countries can be overcome by early drug treatment but, if left unchecked, could lead to an accelerating rise in TB incidence. The prevention and management of risk factors for TB would reinforce TB control by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dye
- HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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