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Lee JH, Lee HY, Lim MK, Kang YH. Detection of Cerebrovascular Disease in a Child with Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome Using MR Angiography: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2022; 83:1360-1365. [PMID: 36545413 PMCID: PMC9748463 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, progressive, premature aging syndrome with early morbidity due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Clinical symptoms are very diverse, including non-specific symptoms such as growth retardation, scleroderma, alopecia, and osteoporosis, as well as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases that occur in childhood and adolescence due to accelerated vascular aging. In patients with HGPS, MR angiography is recommended for early diagnosis of asymptomatic stroke or vascular changes and to assess increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. We report the second domestic case of HGPS confirmed by genetic analysis in a 5-year-old child with typical clinical features, and the first English case report in Korea to present brain MR angiography findings.
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Sowińska-Seidler A, Olech EM, Socha M, Larysz D, Jamsheer A. Novel 1q22-q23.1 duplication in a patient with lambdoid and metopic craniosynostosis, muscular hypotonia, and psychomotor retardation. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:281-289. [PMID: 29845577 PMCID: PMC6060980 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis (CS) refers to the group of craniofacial malformations characterized by the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures. The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and occurs usually as an isolated trait, but can also be syndromic. In 30-60% of patients, CS is caused by known genetic factors; however, in the rest of the cases, causative molecular lesions remain unknown. In this paper, we report on a sporadic male patient affected by complex CS (metopic and unilateral lambdoid synostosis), muscular hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, and facial dysmorphism. Since a subset of CS results from submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) in order to identify possibly causative copy-number variation. Array CGH followed by breakpoint sequencing revealed a previously unreported de novo 1.26 Mb duplication at chromosome 1q22-q23.1 that encompassed two genes involved in osteoblast differentiation: BGLAP, encoding osteocalcin (OCN), and LMNA, encoding lamin A/C. OCN is a major component of bone extracellular matrix and a marker of osteogenesis, whereas mutations in LMNA cause several genetic disorders called laminopathies, including mandibuloacral dysostosis (MAD) that manifests with low bone mass, severe bone deformities, and delayed closure of the cranial sutures. Since LMNA and BGLAP overexpression promote osteoblast differentiation and calcification, phenotype of our patient may result from misexpression of the genes. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that both LMNA and BGLAP may be implicated in the pathogenesis of CS in humans. However, further studies are needed to establish the exact pathomechanism underlying development of this defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sowińska-Seidler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewelina M Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Socha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Larysz
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Maria Skłodowska Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
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Arowolo AT, Adeola HA, Khumalo NP. "Next generation sequencing identifies mutations in GNPTG gene as a cause of familial form of scleroderma-like disease". Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2017; 15:88. [PMID: 29287597 PMCID: PMC5747945 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-017-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Afolake T. Arowolo
- 0000 0004 1937 1151grid.7836.aHair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henry A. Adeola
- 0000 0004 1937 1151grid.7836.aHair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla P. Khumalo
- 0000 0004 1937 1151grid.7836.aHair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Core JQ, Mehrabi M, Robinson ZR, Ochs AR, McCarthy LA, Zaragoza MV, Grosberg A. Age of heart disease presentation and dysmorphic nuclei in patients with LMNA mutations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188256. [PMID: 29149195 PMCID: PMC5693421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear shape defects are a distinguishing characteristic in laminopathies, cancers, and other pathologies. Correlating these defects to the symptoms, mechanisms, and progression of disease requires unbiased, quantitative, and high-throughput means of quantifying nuclear morphology. To accomplish this, we developed a method of automatically segmenting fluorescently stained nuclei in 2D microscopy images and then classifying them as normal or dysmorphic based on three geometric features of the nucleus using a package of Matlab codes. As a test case, cultured skin-fibroblast nuclei of individuals possessing LMNA splice-site mutation (c.357-2A>G), LMNA nonsense mutation (c.736 C>T, pQ246X) in exon 4, LMNA missense mutation (c.1003C>T, pR335W) in exon 6, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, and no LMNA mutations were analyzed. For each cell type, the percentage of dysmorphic nuclei, and other morphological features such as average nuclear area and average eccentricity were obtained. Compared to blind observers, our procedure implemented in Matlab codes possessed similar accuracy to manual counting of dysmorphic nuclei while being significantly more consistent. The automatic quantification of nuclear defects revealed a correlation between in vitro results and age of patients for initial symptom onset. Our results demonstrate the method’s utility in experimental studies of diseases affecting nuclear shape through automated, unbiased, and accurate identification of dysmorphic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Q. Core
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Mehrsa Mehrabi
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Zachery R. Robinson
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Ochs
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda A. McCarthy
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Zaragoza
- Pediatrics–Genetics & Genomics Division–School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Biological Chemistry–School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Computational Exploration for Lead Compounds That Can Reverse the Nuclear Morphology in Progeria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5270940. [PMID: 29226142 PMCID: PMC5684607 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5270940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Progeria is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging that eventually leads to death and is noticed globally. Despite alarming conditions, this disease lacks effective medications; however, the farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) are a hope in the dark. Therefore, the objective of the present article is to identify new compounds from the databases employing pharmacophore based virtual screening. Utilizing nine training set compounds along with lonafarnib, a common feature pharmacophore was constructed consisting of four features. The validated Hypo1 was subsequently allowed to screen Maybridge, Chembridge, and Asinex databases to retrieve the novel lead candidates, which were then subjected to Lipinski's rule of 5 and ADMET for drug-like assessment. The obtained 3,372 compounds were forwarded to docking simulations and were manually examined for the key interactions with the crucial residues. Two compounds that have demonstrated a higher dock score than the reference compounds and showed interactions with the crucial residues were subjected to MD simulations and binding free energy calculations to assess the stability of docked conformation and to investigate the binding interactions in detail. Furthermore, this study suggests that the Hits may be more effective against progeria and further the DFT studies were executed to understand their orbital energies.
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Sato-Kawano N, Takemoto M, Okabe E, Yokote K, Matsuo M, Kosaki R, Ihara K. The clinical characteristics of Asian patients with classical-type Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:1031-1035. [PMID: 28878338 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder that shows a characteristic progeria phenotype. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 1173 tertiary hospitals in Japan and reviewed the academic reports, to identify the characteristics of Asian patients with classical HGPS. As a result, four Japanese patients were identified; this was estimated to account for approximately two-third of the prevalence in Japan. Three Asian patients who had definitively been diagnosed with classical HGPS were identified in the literature; in total, the clinical characteristics of seven patients were evaluated. Most of the clinical phenotypes of Asian patients were essentially similar to those of patients of other ethnicities, such as sclerodermatous skin, growth failure, loss of scalp hair or severe complications of cardiovascular and cerebral ischemic disease. In conclusion, to circumvent or minimalize severe vascular complication, an early diagnosis, careful observation and, promisingly, new intervention with farnesylation inhibitors may improve the prognosis of classical HGPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Sato-Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Emiko Okabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Rika Kosaki
- Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
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Villa-Bellosta R, Rivera-Torres J, Osorio FG, Acín-Pérez R, Enriquez JA, López-Otín C, Andrés V. Defective extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism promotes vascular calcification in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome that is ameliorated on pyrophosphate treatment. Circulation 2013; 127:2442-51. [PMID: 23690466 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progerin is a mutant form of lamin A responsible for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a premature aging disorder characterized by excessive atherosclerosis and vascular calcification that leads to premature death, predominantly of myocardial infarction or stroke. The goal of this study was to investigate mechanisms that cause excessive vascular calcification in HGPS. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed expression and functional studies in wild-type mice and knock-in Lmna(G609G/+) mice expressing progerin, which mimic the main clinical manifestations of HGPS. Lmna(G609G/+) mice showed excessive aortic calcification, and primary aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from these progeroid animals had an impaired capacity to inhibit vascular calcification. This defect in progerin-expressing vascular smooth muscle cells is associated with increased expression and activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to reduced ATP synthesis. Accordingly, Lmna(G609G/+) vascular smooth muscle cells are defective for the production and extracellular accumulation of pyrophosphate, a major inhibitor of vascular calcification. We also found increased alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced ATP and pyrophosphate levels in plasma of Lmna(G609G/+) mice without changes in phosphorus and calcium. Treatment with pyrophosphate inhibited vascular calcification in progeroid mice. CONCLUSIONS Excessive vascular calcification in Lmna(G609G) mice is caused by reduced extracellular accumulation of pyrophosphate that results from increased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity and diminished ATP availability caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle cells. Excessive calcification is ameliorated on pyrophosphate treatment. These findings reveal a previously undefined pathogenic process in HGPS that may also contribute to vascular calcification in normal aging, because progerin progressively accumulates in the vascular tissue of individuals without HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain
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