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Han KI, Kim TH, Ra SW, Yoon HK, Kim DK, Rhee CK, Park JW, Hwang YI, Park HY, Kim YH, Park YB, Shin KC, Lim SY, Yoo KH. Efficacy and safety of mixture of ivy leaf extract and coptidis rhizome in the treatment of acute bronchitis: multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, parallel, therapeutic confirmatory clinical trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:1235-1243. [PMID: 38889376 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2362273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bronchitis is the most common respiratory disease. Mixture of Ivy Leaf Extract and Coptidis rhizome syrup has shown good treatment efficacy against chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory infections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mixture of Ivy Leaf Extract and Coptidis rhizome compared with those of Pelargonium sidoides extract, for the treatment of acute bronchitis. METHODS We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel phase III study in 220 patients with acute bronchitis. The participants were offered either Mixture of Ivy Leaf Extract and Coptidis rhizome syrup (AGS) and placebo of P. sidoides tablet or placebo syrup and active tablet of P. sidoides (AGU) for 7 days. The primary endpoint was the change in the Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS) from the baseline visit (visit 2) to day 7 (visit 3). RESULTS For the primary outcome, there was no significant difference in the change of total BSS between visits 2 and 3 (-4.10 ± 1.93 vs. -4.24 ± 1.85, p = 0.5125), and since the upper limit of the confidence interval (1.00) was smaller than the predetermined non-inferiority margin (1.17), it was confirmed that the AGS group was non-inferior to the AGU group. The changes in each symptom in the BSS between visits 2 and 3 also showed no significant differences. The overall improvement rate measured by the investigator (91.7 vs. 89.7%; p = 0.3506) and the satisfaction rate of the participants at visit 3 also showed no significant differences (97.2 vs. 94.4%; p = 0.4388). Regarding safety issues, adverse reactions were noted in both groups similarly, with no serious adverse events (4.55 vs. 3.64%, p > 0.999). CONCLUSION Mixture of Ivy Leaf Extract and Coptidis rhizome syrup is as effective and safe as P. sidoides in controlling symptoms of acute bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Il Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Ra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Woong Park
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hye Yun Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yee Hyung Kim
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Bum Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Univeristy Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Cheol Shin
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Regional Center for Respiratory Disease, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seong Yong Lim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Feitosa Ribeiro T, Carvalho de Souza NA, Cícero de Lima Araújo T, Ferreira Macedo CA, Souza Silva F, de Oliveira Siqueira A, Modesto Nascimento Menezes P, Gomes de Melo C, Rolim Neto PJ, Gonçalves de Oliveira Junior R, Douglas Melo Coutinho H, Raposo A, Araújo Rolim L. Antitussive, Expectorant and Antipyretic Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Momordica charantia L. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400072. [PMID: 38780224 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The traditional use of the M. charantia L. plant to treat coughs, fever and expectoration is widely practiced in different cultures, but its effectiveness and safety still require scientific investigation. This study sought to perform a chemical analysis and evaluate the antitussive, expectorant and antipyretic effects of the ethanolic extract of M. charantia leaves (EEMc) in rats and mice. The EEMc was subjected to chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD, revealing the presence of the flavonoids astragalin and isoquercetin. Acute oral toxicity in mice did not result in deaths, although changes in liver weight and stool consistency were observed. EEMc demonstrated an antitussive effect at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg in mice subjected to cough induction by citric acid nebulization. Furthermore, it showed expectorant activity at a dose of 300 mg/kg, assessed based on the elimination of the phenol red marker in bronchoalveolar lavage. In the evaluation of antipyretic activity in rats, fever induced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was reduced at all doses tested during the first hour after treatment. This innovative study identified the presence of astragalin and isoquercetin in EEMc and indicated that the extract has antitussive, expectorant and antipyretic properties. Therefore, EEMc presents itself as a promising option in herbal medicine for the treatment of respiratory symptoms and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Feitosa Ribeiro
- Central for Analysis of Drugs, Medicines and Food (CAFMA), Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nathália Andrezza Carvalho de Souza
- Central for Analysis of Drugs, Medicines and Food (CAFMA), Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Cícero de Lima Araújo
- Central for Analysis of Drugs, Medicines and Food (CAFMA), Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Souza Silva
- Program of Graduate Studies in Biotechnology, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Bahia, Brazil
- Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Central for Analysis of Drugs, Medicines and Food (CAFMA), Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Northeast Network of Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Chang SI, Ryu DY. Assessment of subchronic toxicity and toxicokinetics of AG NPP709 in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116801. [PMID: 37330073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hedera helix L. (HH) leaves and Coptidis rhizoma (CR) have traditionally been used to treat respiratory conditions. AG NPP709, which is formulated using extracts of both these herbs, has been developed as an expectorant and antitussive. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective was to evaluate the subchronic toxicity and toxicokinetic characteristics of AG NPP709 in laboratory rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS AG NPP709 was orally administered to rats at doses of up to 2.0 g/kg/day for a duration of 13 weeks. Various health parameters were measured throughout the treatment period. At the end of the treatment, a necropsy was conducted and additional parameters were analyzed. Toxicokinetic analyses were also performed on hederacoside C and berberine, the active components of HH leaves and CR, respectively, in the plasma of rats treated with AG NPP709. RESULTS AG NPP709-treated rats exhibited several health issues, such as reduced feed intake, altered differential white blood cell (WBC) count, increased plasma Alb/Glo ratio in females, and reduced kidney weight in males. However, these changes appeared to be incidental and fell within the typical range for healthy animals of this species. Additionally, toxicokinetic analysis of hederacoside C and berberine showed no accumulation in the plasma of rats during the repeated treatments with AG NPP709. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that AG NPP709 does not have any harmful effects on rats under experimental conditions. Based upon these findings, the no observed adverse effect level of AG NPP709 can be estimated to be 2.0 g/kg/day in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Im Chang
- Ahn-Gook Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07445, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08821, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug-Young Ryu
- Research Institute for Veterinary Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08821, Republic of Korea.
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Park SY, Kim KS, Lee WY, Kim CE, Lee S. Integrative Approach to Identifying System-Level Mechanisms of Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Hwan's Influence on Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Network Pharmacological Analysis with Experimental Validation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3024. [PMID: 37687271 PMCID: PMC10489874 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Hwan (CSBHH) is an herbal prescription widely used to treat various chronic respiratory diseases. To investigate the system-level treatment mechanisms of CSBHH in respiratory tract diseases, we identified 56 active ingredients of CSBHH and evaluated the degree of overlap between their targets and respiratory tract disease-associated proteins. We then investigated the respiratory tract disease-related signaling pathways associated with CSBHH targets. Enrichment analysis showed that the CSBHH targets were significantly associated with various signaling pathways related to inflammation, alveolar structure, and tissue fibrosis. Experimental validation was conducted using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated NCI-H292 cells by analyzing the mRNA expression levels of biomarkers (IL-1β and TNF-α for inflammation; GSTP1, GSTM1, and PTEN for apoptosis) derived from network pharmacological analysis, in addition to the mucin genes MUC5AC and MUC2, to investigate the phlegm-expelling effect of CSBHH. The mRNA expression levels of these genes were consistent with network pharmacological predictions in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the therapeutic mechanisms of CSBHH in respiratory tract diseases could be attributed to the simultaneous action of multiple active ingredients in the herbal prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Yoon Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Kang-Sub Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Marchyshyn S, Slobodianiuk L, Budniak L, Shostak L, Gerush O. Investigation on the Expectorant Effect of Extracts from Primula veris L. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At present, coughing can be regulated by medications such as dextromethorphan and codeine, which are associated with side effects, including drug drowsiness or dependency. Thus, there is an increasing demand for drugs that promote expectorant activities with fewer adverse effects. The root of Primula veris L. (Primulaceae) is an herbal medicine that has been used as an expectorant drug for thousands of years in folk medicine.
AIM: The present study aims to create an in-depth pharmacological study of the expectorant activity of P. veris to create new drugs in different directions which are appropriate and promising.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expectorant effect of thick extracts of the study plant was studied on the influence of the motor activity of the ciliated epithelium and the secretory function of the bronchi. The expectorant activities of the ethanol extracts of leaves and rhizomes with roots from P. veris were evaluated using classical animal models. The expectorant assay was performed with phenol red secretion in the mouse trachea. After gastric administration of the test extracts in mice, 2.5% phenol red solution was injected intraperitoneally. The trachea was dissected and the optical density of tracheal secretion was measured.
RESULTS: The results of the studies showed that a thick extract of primrose rhizomes with roots has a high ability to secrete sputum, which is almost not inferior to the Hedelix drops comparator (ivy extract) – 126.6% and 146.4%, respectively. Extract from the leaves of P. veris is characterized by less pronounced activity, which, at a dose of 200 mg/kg, was 74.5%.
CONCLUSION: The results of the present study provide evidence that P. veris can be used as an expectorant herbal medicine and that triterpene saponins may be the main active ingredients of Primula veris responsible for its bioactivities.
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Park Y, Jung W, Yang E, Nam KY, Bong WR, Kim J, Kim KY, Lee S, Cho JY, Hong JH, Kim J. Evaluation of food effects on the pharmacokinetics of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis with each bioactive compound berberine and epicatechin after a single oral dose of an expectorant and antitussive agent UI026 in healthy subjects. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2022; 30:49-56. [PMID: 35419311 PMCID: PMC8979756 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2022.30.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UI026 is an expectorant and antitussive agent which is a new combination of Pelargonium sidoides extract and Coptis extract. The bioactive compounds of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis extracts were identified as epicatechin and berberine, respectively. This study evaluated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of UI026. A randomized, open-label, single-dose, 2-treatment, parallel study in 12 healthy male subjects was performed. Subjects received a single oral dose of UI026 (27 mL of syrup) under a fed or fasted condition according to their randomly assigned treatment. Blood samples for the PK analysis were obtained up to 24 hours post-dose for berberine and 12 hours post-dose for epicatechin. The PK parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. In the fed condition, the mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last observed time point (AUClast) for berberine were approximately 33% and 67% lower, respectively, compared with the fasted condition, both showing statistically significant difference. For epicatechin, the mean Cmax and mean AUClast were about 29% and 45% lower, respectively, compared to the fasting condition, neither of which showed a statistically significant difference. There were no drug-related adverse events. This finding suggests that food affects the systemic exposure and bioavailability of berberine and epicatechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - WonTae Jung
- Global R&D, Korea United Pharm., Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea
| | - Eunsol Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeol Nam
- Global R&D, Korea United Pharm., Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea
| | - Woo-Ri Bong
- Global R&D, Korea United Pharm., Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea
| | | | | | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Hong
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - JaeWoo Kim
- H Plus Yangji Hospital, Seoul 08779, Korea
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Alkattan A, Alameer R, Alsalameen E, Almaary M, Alkhairat M, Alkhalifah A, Alghanim F, Radwan N. Safety of English ivy (Hedera helix) leaf extract during pregnancy: retrospective cohort study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:493-499. [PMID: 34482524 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND English ivy (Hedera helix) is commonly used to reduce productive cough symptoms by acting as expectorant therapy. The safety of Hedera helix extract during pregnancy was not established yet. This study aims to determine the safety of English ivy leaf extract on newborns. OBJECTIVES To determine the weight, APGAR (Activity-Pulse-Grimace-Appearance-Respiration) score, and health status of the newborns among the studied groups. METHODS A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted during the fourth quarter of 2020 on 245 pregnant women and their newborns in two hospitals located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The women were divided into an exposed group (N = 165) who used English ivy leaf extract syrup during pregnancy, and a control group (N = 80) who were not using any natural-pharmaceutical product for cough. RESULTS The mean weight of the newborns in the exposed group was 3 kg compared to 2.8 kg in the control group (p-value < 0.05). The median APGAR score of the newborns in the exposed group was 8.5/10 compared to 8.0/10 in the control group (p-value > 0.05). There were no significant differences regarding the percentages of full-term and preterm newborns in the exposed and control groups (78.8% vs. 76.3%, and 21.0% vs. 24.0%, respectively, odds ratio [OR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.45-1.63, p-value > 0.05). Regarding the newborns' health complications reported, there was no statistical difference in the percentages of full-term newborns diagnosed with at least one health complication between the exposed and control groups (0.6 vs. 3.8, OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.01-1.47, p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION Hedera helix (English ivy) leaf extract syrup was safe to be used in short term during pregnancy for the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alkattan
- Department of Research and Development, General Directorate of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raad Alameer
- Department of Pharmacy, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alsalameen
- Department of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Hospital, Medical City King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Almaary
- Department of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Hospital, Medical City King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alkhairat
- Department of Telemedicine, General Directorate of Medical Consultations, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alkhalifah
- Department of Sales, Fresenius Kabi, Alhaya Medical Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alghanim
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Radwan
- Department of Research, Assistant Deputyship for Primary Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Hong G, Kim YI, Park SJ, Lee SY, Kim JW, Yoon SH, Lee KS, Byun MK, Kim HR, Chung J. Effects of a Mixture of Ivy Leaf Extract and Coptidis rhizome on Patients with Chronic Bronchitis and Bronchiectasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4024. [PMID: 33921227 PMCID: PMC8069972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hederacoside C from ivy leaf dry extracts (HH) and berberine from Coptidis rhizome dry extracts (CR) can be combined (HHCR) as a herbal product. Previous studies have demonstrated that HHCR has antitussive and expectorant effects in animal models of respiratory disease. However, the therapeutic effects of HHCR on respiratory diseases in humans have not been well-studied. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effectiveness of HHCR in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. METHODS This was a multicenter (10 university teaching hospitals), open-label, prospective, single-arm, observational study. Consecutive patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis were included. Patients were orally treated with HHCR daily for 12 weeks. St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores and bronchitis severity scores (BSS) were measured at baseline and at the end of the 12-week study. RESULTS In total, 376 patients were enrolled, of which 304 were finally included in the study, including 236 males and 68 females with a median age of 69 years (range: 37-88 years). After 12 weeks of HHCR treatment, there was a significant improvement in SGRQ score (baseline, 32.52 ± 16.93 vs. end of study, 29.08 ± 15.16; p < 0.0001) and a significant reduction in BSS (baseline, 7.16 ± 2.63 vs. end of study, 4.72 ± 2.45; p < 0.0001). During the study, 14 patients concomitantly used an inhaled corticosteroid and 83 patients used an inhaled bronchodilator. HHCR also had significant positive effects on these patients in terms of SGRQ score and BSS. No serious adverse drug reactions occurred during HHCR treatment. CONCLUSIONS treatment with HHCR improved the SGRQ score and BSS in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. HHCR may be a new therapeutic option for chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goohyeon Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Yu-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam 61469, Korea;
| | - Seoung Ju Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Cheonbuk 54907, Korea;
| | - Sung Yong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea;
| | - Seong Hoon Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan 49241, Korea;
| | - Keu Sung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Min Kwang Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Jaeho Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea
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Fizeșan I, Rusu ME, Georgiu C, Pop A, Ștefan MG, Muntean DM, Mirel S, Vostinaru O, Kiss B, Popa DS. Antitussive, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Septum Extract Rich in Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:119. [PMID: 33467612 PMCID: PMC7830861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of a walnut (Juglans regia L.) septum extract (WSE), rich in bioactive compounds were investigated using the citric acid aerosol-induced cough experimental model in rodents. Wistar male rats were treated orally for three days with distilled water (control), codeine (reference), and WSE in graded doses. On the third day, all rats were exposed to citric acid aerosols, the number of coughs being recorded. Each animal was sacrificed after exposure, and blood and lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis and the assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The results of the experiment showed a significant antitussive effect of WSE, superior to codeine. This activity could be due to cellular protective effect and anti-inflammatory effect via the stimulation of the antioxidant enzyme system and the decrease of IL-6 and CXC-R1 concentration in the lung tissue of WSE-treated animals. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WSE were confirmed by biochemical assays and histopathological analysis. This is the first scientific study reporting the antitussive effect of walnut septum, a new potential source of non-opioid antitussive drug candidates, and a valuable bioactive by-product that could be used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (M.-G.Ș.); (B.K.); (D.-S.P.)
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.E.R.); (D.-M.M.)
| | - Carmen Georgiu
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (M.-G.Ș.); (B.K.); (D.-S.P.)
| | - Maria-Georgia Ștefan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (M.-G.Ș.); (B.K.); (D.-S.P.)
| | - Dana-Maria Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.E.R.); (D.-M.M.)
| | - Simona Mirel
- Department of Medical Devices, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Oliviu Vostinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Béla Kiss
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (M.-G.Ș.); (B.K.); (D.-S.P.)
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (M.-G.Ș.); (B.K.); (D.-S.P.)
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Luo CH, Ma LL, Liu HM, Liao W, Xu RC, Ci ZM, Lin JZ, Han L, Zhang DK. Research Progress on Main Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Improved by Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556885. [PMID: 33013395 PMCID: PMC7516165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia has become a major threat to worldwide public health, having rapidly spread to more than 180 countries and infecting over 1.6 billion people. Fever, cough, and fatigue are the most common initial symptoms of COVID-19, while some patients experience diarrhea rather than fever in the early stage. Many herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine can significantly improve these symptoms, cure the patients experiencing a mild 22form of the illness, reduce the rate of transition from mild to severe disease, and reduce mortality. Therefore, this paper summarizes the physiopathological mechanisms of fever, cough, fatigue and diarrhea, and introduces Chinese herbal medicines (Ephedrae Herba, Gypsum Fibrosum, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, etc.) and Chinese patent medicines (Shuang-huang-lian, Ma-xing-gan-shi-tang, etc.) with their corresponding therapeutic effects. Emphasis was placed on their material basis, mechanism of action, and clinical research. Most of these medicines possess the pharmacological activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunity-enhancement, and may be promising medicines for the treatment or adjuvant treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-hong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Run-chun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-min Ci
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-zhi Lin
- Central Laboratory, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-kun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Standardized Extract of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae Ameliorates Coughing and Increases Expectoration of Phlegm. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133064. [PMID: 32635583 PMCID: PMC7411911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cough and phlegm frequently occur in respiratory diseases like upper respiratory tract infections, acute bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. To relieve these symptoms and diseases, various ingredients are being used despite the debates on their clinical efficacy. We aimed to investigate the effects of the extract CKD-497, composed of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae, in relieving cough and facilitating expectoration of phlegm. CKD-497 was found to inhibit inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse macrophages and transient receptor potential cation channel 1 (TRPV-1)-overexpressed human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by capsaicin. CKD-497 decreased the viscosity of the mucin solution. During in vivo experiments, CKD-497 reduced coughing numbers and increased expectoration of phlegm via mucociliary clearance enhancement. Collectively, these data suggest that CKD-497 possesses potential for cough and phlegm expectoration treatment.
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Construction and Chemical Profile on "Activity Fingerprint" of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from Different Cultivars Based on HPLC-UV, LC/MS-IT-TOF, and Principal Component Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4736152. [PMID: 32190084 PMCID: PMC7072102 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4736152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), known as Chenpi (CP) in Chinese, is a medicinal food for health and fitness. In order to find out the characteristic activity chemicals distinguishing various cultivars of CRP and provide a reference for effective development of citrus resources, an “activity fingerprint” of CRP from 21 different cultivars was established based on the evaluation of antitussive and expectorant activities. There were 18 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprint, of which 3 flavonoid glycosides and 14 polymethoxyflavonoids (PMFs) were identified by LC/MS-IT-TOF. Furthermore, five characteristic chemicals were determined and similarity calculation with principal component analysis (PCA) was combined together to compare the similarity and difference among various cultivars. The results showed that some other cultivars were also similar to C. reticulata “Chachi” except for C. reticulata “Tangerina” and C. reticulata “Dahongpao” recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Most importantly, the peels of C. reticulata “Shiyueju,” C. reticulata “Ponkan,” C. reticulata “Tribute,” and C. reticulata “Bayueju,” traditionally rarely used for medicinal food, were highly similar to that of C. reticulata “Chachi” and rich in bioactive flavonoids, which can be considered the effective medicinal resources of CRP.
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Dapaah G, Koffuor GA, Mante PK, Ben IO. Antitussive, expectorant and analgesic effects of the ethanol seed extract of Picralima nitida (Stapf) Th. & H. Durand. Res Pharm Sci 2016; 11:100-12. [PMID: 27168749 PMCID: PMC4852654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Picralima nitida is used traditionally for management of cough. This study, therefore, investigated the antitussive, expectorant, and analgesic properties of the ethanolic seed extract of Picralima nitida (PNE), and ascertained its safety for use. Presence of secondary metabolites, and safety of PNE (10-2000 mg/kg) were evaluated by preliminary phytochemical screening, and by Irwin's test respectively. Percentage reduction in cough count, percentage increase in latency of cough, and percentage protection offered by PNE were established by the citric acid-induced cough, acetylcholine- and Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction models. Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were treated with 100-500 mg/kg PNE or reference drugs, dihydrocodiene, atropine, mepyramine. Expectorant property of PNE (100-1000 mg/kg) was determined using the tracheal phenol red secretion; with ammonium chloride as a reference medication. Percentage maximal possible analgesic effect in the tail immersion test and the total nociceptive score in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes, after treatment of BALB/c mice with PNE (100-500 mg/kg), diclofenac, and morphine were also estimated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and anthraquinones. PNEdid not cause any extract-related physical, pharmacological and CNS toxicities or mortality; sedation was observed at doses 1000-2000 mg/kg. It showed significant dose-dependent reduction in cough count, and increased cough latency. PNE (1000 mg/kg) enhanced tracheal phenol red secretion. PNE (100-500 mg/kg) significantly and dose dependently increased tail withdrawal latencies, and nociceptive score. PNE has antitussive, expectorant, and analgesic properties, with an LD50>2000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dapaah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - George Asumeng Koffuor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Priscilla Kolibea Mante
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Inemesit Okon Ben
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madonna University, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria
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