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Cao G, Xuan X, Hu J, Zhang R, Jin H, Dong H. How vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching contributes to vascular disease. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:180. [PMID: 36411459 PMCID: PMC9677683 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cell in vessels. Earlier experiments have found that VSMCs possess high plasticity. Vascular injury stimulates VSMCs to switch into a dedifferentiated type, also known as synthetic VSMCs, with a high migration and proliferation capacity for repairing vascular injury. In recent years, largely owing to rapid technological advances in single-cell sequencing and cell-lineage tracing techniques, multiple VSMCs phenotypes have been uncovered in vascular aging, atherosclerosis (AS), aortic aneurysm (AA), etc. These VSMCs all down-regulate contractile proteins such as α-SMA and calponin1, and obtain specific markers and similar cellular functions of osteoblast, fibroblast, macrophage, and mesenchymal cells. This highly plastic phenotype transformation is regulated by a complex network consisting of circulating plasma substances, transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory factors, non-coding RNAs, integrin family, and Notch pathway. This review focuses on phenotypic characteristics, molecular profile and the functional role of VSMCs phenotype landscape; the molecular mechanism regulating VSMCs phenotype switching; and the contribution of VSMCs phenotype switching to vascular aging, AS, and AA. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmao Cao
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuezhen Xuan
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haijiang Jin
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honglin Dong
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
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Leucine Supplementation in Middle-Aged Male Mice Improved Aging-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction via Activating the Sirt1-Foxo1 Axis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183856. [PMID: 36145233 PMCID: PMC9505861 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is associated with metabolic remodeling, and most studies focused on fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Based on our metabolomic data, leucine was significantly reduced in the aortas of aged mice. Whether leucine supplementation can reverse aging-induced vascular remodeling remains unknown. To investigate the effectiveness of leucine, male mice at 15 or 18 months were supplemented with leucine (1.5%) for 3 months. All the aged mice, with or without leucine, were sacrificed at 21 months. Blood pressure and vascular relaxation were measured. H&E, Masson’s trichrome, and Elastica van Gieson staining were used to assess aortic morphology. Vascular inflammation, reactive oxidative stress (ROS), and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype were also measured in mouse aortas. Compared with the 21-month-old mice without leucine, leucine supplementation from 15 months significantly improved vascular relaxation, maintained the contractile phenotype of VSMCs, and repressed vascular inflammation and ROS levels. These benefits were not observed in the mice supplemented with leucine starting from 18 months, which was likely due to the reduction in leucine transporters Slc3a2 or Slc7a5 at 18 months. Furthermore, we found benefits from leucine via activating the Sirt1-induced Foxo1 deacetylation. Our findings indicated that leucine supplementation in middle-aged mice improved aging-induced vascular remodeling and dysfunction.
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Wu Y, Chen M, Chen Z, Shu J, Zhang L, Hu J, Yu H, Huang K, Liang M. Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate from Black Tea Inhibits Neointima Formation Through Suppression of the PDGFRβ Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861319. [PMID: 35903325 PMCID: PMC9315285 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal neointima formation caused by the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth cells (VSMCs) into a synthetic state plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3) in black tea has been reported to exert antiinflammatory and anticancer effects, but its role in neointima formation remains unclear. Here, we delineated a remarkable effect of TF3 in suppressing neointima formation of VSMCs in vivo as well as the ability of primary rat aortic smooth cells (RASMCs) to proliferate and migrate in vitro. Further study confirmed that the effects of TF3 on PDGF-BB–induced RASMCs were due to reduced phosphorylation of PDGFRβ, which led to the repression of downstream pathways. We concluded that TF3 may act as a repressor in the progression of neointima formation and serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for excessive phenotypic switching of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Chen
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangcheng Shu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Huang, ; Minglu Liang,
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Huang, ; Minglu Liang,
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Li L, Wu J, Yao R, Yang D, Chen Y, Zhang J, Huang L. Integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mechanism of Sangqi Qingxuan formula against hypertensive vascular remodeling. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Chen XY, Yang LP, Zheng YL, Li YX, Zhong DL, Jin RJ, Li J. Electroacupuncture Attenuated Phenotype Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via PI3K/Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:357-365. [PMID: 34839455 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-2883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the antihypertensive mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) is associated with attenuating phenotype transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. METHODS Eight Wistar-ktoyo (WKY) rats were set as normal blood pressure group (normal group). A total of 32 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into 4 groups using random number tables: a model group, an EA group, an EA+PI3K antagonist group (EA+P group), and an EA+p38 MAPK agonist+extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) agonist group (EA+M group) (n=8/group). SHRs in EA group, EA+P group and EA+M group received EA treatment 5 sessions per week for continuous 4 weeks, while rats in the normal and model groups were bundled in same condition. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of each rat was measured at 0 week and the 4th week. After 4-week intervention, thoracic aorta was collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry [the contractile markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and calponin and the synthetic marker osteopontin (OPN)] and Western blot [α-SMA, calponin, OPN, PI3K, phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), Akt, p-p42/44 ERK, total p42/44 ERK, p-p38 MAPK and total p38 MAPK]. RESULTS EA significantly reduced SBP, DBP and MAP (P<0.01). HE staining showed that the wall thickness of thoracic aorta in EA group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). From results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot, EA increased the expression of α-SMA and calponin, and decreased the expression of OPN (P<0.01). In addition, the expression of PI3K and p-Akt increased (P<0.01), while the expression of p-p42/44 ERK and p-p38 MAPK decreased in EA group (P<0.01). However, these effects were reversed by PI3K antagonist, p38 MAPK agonist and ERK agonist. CONCLUSIONS EA was an effective treatment for BP management. The antihypertensive effect of EA may be related with inhibition of phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, in which the activation of PI3K/Akt and the repression of MAPK pathway were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Chen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Food Science and Nutrition School, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lu-Ping Yang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Ya-Ling Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu-Xi Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Dong-Ling Zhong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rong-Jiang Jin
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Du Y, Mao L, Wang Z, Yan K, Zhang L, Zou J. Osteopontin - The stirring multifunctional regulatory factor in multisystem aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1014853. [PMID: 36619570 PMCID: PMC9813443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1014853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional noncollagenous matrix phosphoprotein that is expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly in various tissues. As a growth regulatory protein and proinflammatory immunochemokine, OPN is involved in the pathological processes of many diseases. Recent studies have found that OPN is widely involved in the aging processes of multiple organs and tissues, such as T-cell senescence, atherosclerosis, skeletal muscle regeneration, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative changes, hematopoietic stem cell reconstruction, and retinal aging. However, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of OPN in the aging process of different tissues are not uniform, and OPN even has diverse roles in different developmental stages of the same tissue, generating uncertainty for the future study and utilization of OPN. In this review, we will summarize the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of OPN in different tissues and cells, such as the musculoskeletal system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, liver, and eye, during senescence. We believe that a better understanding of the mechanism of OPN in the aging process will help us develop targeted and comprehensive therapeutic strategies to fight the spread of age-related diseases.
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Liu S, Lin Z. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Mechanosensitive Regulators and Vascular Remodeling. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:90-113. [PMID: 34937033 DOI: 10.1159/000519845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are subjected to mechanical loads of pressure and flow, inducing smooth muscle circumferential and endothelial shear stresses. The perception and response of vascular tissue and living cells to these stresses and the microenvironment they are exposed to are critical to their function and survival. These mechanical stimuli not only cause morphological changes in cells and vessel walls but also can interfere with biochemical homeostasis, leading to vascular remodeling and dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying how these stimuli affect tissue and cellular function, including mechanical stimulation-induced biochemical signaling and mechanical transduction that relies on cytoskeletal integrity, are unclear. This review focuses on signaling pathways that regulate multiple biochemical processes in vascular mesangial smooth muscle cells in response to circumferential stress and are involved in mechanosensitive regulatory molecules in response to mechanotransduction, including ion channels, membrane receptors, integrins, cytoskeletal proteins, nuclear structures, and cascades. Mechanoactivation of these signaling pathways is closely associated with vascular remodeling in physiological or pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmin Liu
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China, .,Medical Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Zhanyi Lin
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Hexahydrocurcumin ameliorates hypertensive and vascular remodeling in L-NAME-induced rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166317. [PMID: 34883248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hexahydrocurcumin (HHC), a major metabolite of curcumin, possesses several biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HHC on high blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, and remodeling induced by N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in rats. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) via drinking water for seven weeks. HHC at doses of 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg or enalapril 10 mg/kg was orally administered for the last three weeks. Blood pressure was measured weekly. Rats induced with L-NAME showed the development of hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and remodeling as demonstrated by an increase in wall thickness, cross-sectional area, and collagen deposition in the aorta. The overexpression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), phosphorylated-extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), phosphorylated-mitogen activated protein kinase p38 (p-p38), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and collagen type 1 was observed in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Increased oxidative stress markers, decreased plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels and the down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in aortic tissues were also found in L-NAME-induced rats. Moreover, L-NAME-induced rats showed enhanced synthetic protein expression in aortic tissues. These alterations were suppressed in hypertensive rats treated with HHC or enalapril. The present study shows that HHC exhibited antihypertensive effects by improving vascular function and ameliorated the development of vascular remodeling. The responsible mechanism may involve antioxidant and anti-inflammation potential.
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Rodrigues-Diez RR, Tejera-Muñoz A, Orejudo M, Marquez-Exposito L, Santos-Sanchez L, Rayego-Mateos S, Cantero-Navarro E, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Marchant V, Ortiz A, Egido J, Mezzano S, Selgas R, Navarro-González JF, Valdivielso JM, Lavoz C, Ruiz-Ortega M. Interleukin-17A: Potential mediator and therapeutic target in hypertension. Nefrologia 2021; 41:244-257. [PMID: 36166242 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by cells of the immune system, predominantly Th17 and γδ lymphocytes. In this paper, we review the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of hypertension and in target organ damage. Preclinical studies in mice have shown that systemic adminstration of IL-17A increases blood pressure, probably by acting on multiple levels. Furthermore, IL-17A plasma concentrations are already elevated in patients with mild or moderate hypertension. Many studies in hypertensive mice models have detected IL-17A-producing cells in target organs such as the heart, vessels and kidneys. Patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis show kidney infiltration by Th17 lymphocytes and γδ lymphocytes that express IL-17A. In addition, in experimental models of hypertension, the blockade of IL-17A by genetic strategies or using neutralizing antibodies, disminished blood pressure, probablyby acting on the small mesenteric arteries as well as in the regulation of tubule sodium transport. Moreover, IL-17A inhibition reduces end-organs damage. As a whole, the data presented in this review suggest that IL-17A participates in the regulation of blood pressure and in the genesis and maintenance of arterial hypertension, and may constitute a therapeutic target of hypertension-related pathologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Tejedor-Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Rodrigues-Diez RR, Tejera-Muñoz A, Orejudo M, Marquez-Exposito L, Santos L, Rayego-Mateos S, Cantero-Navarro E, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Marchant V, Ortiz A, Egido J, Mezzano S, Selgas R, Navarro-González JF, Valdivielso JM, Lavoz C, Ruiz-Ortega M. [Interleukin-17A: Possible mediator and therapeutic target in hypertension]. Nefrologia 2021; 41:244-257. [PMID: 33775443 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by cells of the immune system, predominantly Th17 lymphocytes and γδ lymphocytes. In this paper, we review the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of hypertension and target organ damage. Studies in mice have shown that IL-17A increases blood pressure, probably by acting on multiple levels. Furthermore, IL-17A plasma concentrations are already elevated in patients with mild or moderate hypertension. Preclinical studies on arterial hypertension have detected IL-17A-producing cells in target organs such as the heart, vessels and kidneys. Patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis show kidney infiltration by Th17 lymphocytes and γδ lymphocytes that express IL-17A. In addition, in experimental models of hypertension, blocking IL-17A by genetic strategies, or using neutralising antibodies, lowers blood pressure by acting on the vascular wall and tubule sodium transport and reduces damage to target organs. As a whole, the data presented in this review suggest that IL-17A participates in the regulation of blood pressure and in the genesis and maintenance of arterial hypertension, and may constitute a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Laura Santos
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, España
| | - Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Lucia Tejedor-Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma, IRSIN, Madrid, España
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, España
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, España
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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11
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Langlo KAR, Silva GJJ, Overrein TS, Adams V, Wisløff U, Dalen H, Rolim N, Hallan SI. Circulating microRNAs May Serve as Biomarkers for Hypertensive Emergency End-Organ Injuries and Address Underlying Pathways in an Animal Model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:626699. [PMID: 33644125 PMCID: PMC7906971 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.626699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology in hypertensive emergencies, where severely elevated blood pressure causes acute end-organ injuries, as opposed to the long-term manifestations of chronic hypertension. Furthermore, current biomarkers are unable to detect early end-organ injuries like hypertensive encephalopathy and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. We hypothesized that circulating microRNAs (c-miRs) could identify acute and chronic complications of severe hypertension, and that combinations of c-miRs could elucidate important pathways involved. We studied the diagnostic accuracy of 145 c-miRs in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed either a low-salt (N = 20: 0.3% NaCl) or a high-salt (N = 60: 8% NaCl) diet. Subclinical hypertensive encephalopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy were diagnosed by histopathology. In addition, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was evaluated with echocardiography and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; and endothelial dysfunction was studied using acetylcholine-induced aorta ring relaxation. Systolic blood pressure increased severely in animals on a high-salt diet (high-salt 205 ± 20 mm Hg vs. low-salt 152 ± 18 mm Hg, p < 0.001). Partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed 68 c-miRs discriminating between animals with and without hypertensive emergency complications. Twenty-nine c-miRs were strongly associated with hypertensive encephalopathy, 24 c-miRs with thrombotic microangiopathy, 30 c-miRs with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and 28 c-miRs with endothelial dysfunction. Hypertensive encephalopathy, thrombotic microangiopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction were associated with deviations in many of the same c-miRs, whereas endothelial dysfunction was associated with a different set of c-miRs. Several of these c-miRs demonstrated fair to good diagnostic accuracy for a composite outcome of hypertensive encephalopathy, thrombotic microangiopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in receiver-operating-curve analyses (area-under-curve 0.75–0.88). Target prediction revealed an enrichment of genes related to several pathways relevant for cardiovascular disease (e.g., mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis, MAPK, Wnt, Hippo, and TGF-beta signaling). C-miRs could potentially serve as biomarkers of severe hypertensive end-organ injuries and elucidate important pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Asbjørn Rise Langlo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Nephrology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gustavo Jose Justo Silva
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina Syvertsen Overrein
- Division of Pathology and Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Natale Rolim
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stein Ivar Hallan
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Bruijn LE, van den Akker BEWM, van Rhijn CM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017094. [PMID: 33190596 PMCID: PMC7763765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal cells are culprit factors in vascular (patho)physiology and are hallmarked by phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. At present, they are subdivided by classic umbrella terms, such as "fibroblasts," "myofibroblasts," "smooth muscle cells," "fibrocytes," "mesangial cells," and "pericytes." However, a discriminative marker-based subclassification has to date not been established. Methods and Results As a first effort toward a classification scheme, a systematic literature search was performed to identify the most commonly used phenotypical and functional protein markers for characterizing and classifying vascular mesenchymal cell subpopulation(s). We next applied immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to inventory the expression pattern of identified markers on human aorta specimens representing early, intermediate, and end stages of human atherosclerotic disease. Included markers comprise markers for mesenchymal lineage (vimentin, FSP-1 [fibroblast-specific protein-1]/S100A4, cluster of differentiation (CD) 90/thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and FAP [fibroblast activation protein]), contractile/non-contractile phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), and auxiliary contractile markers (h1-Calponin, h-Caldesmon, Desmin, SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22α], non-muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, Smoothelin-B, α-Tropomyosin, and Telokin) or adhesion proteins (Paxillin and Vinculin). Vimentin classified as the most inclusive lineage marker. Subset markers did not separate along classic lines of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast, or fibroblast, but showed clear temporal and spatial diversity. Strong indications were found for presence of stem cells/Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal cell Transition and fibrocytes in specific aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. Conclusions This systematic evaluation shows a highly diverse and dynamic landscape for the human vascular mesenchymal cell population that is not captured by the classic nomenclature. Our observations stress the need for a consensus multiparameter subclass designation along the lines of the cluster of differentiation classification for leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Bruijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Connie M. van Rhijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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13
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Farrerol maintains the contractile phenotype of VSMCs via inactivating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:249-260. [PMID: 32840737 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Farrerol, a dihydroflavone isolated from Rhododendron dauricum L., can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and exert a protective effect on H2O2-induced vascular endothelial cells injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of farrerol on VSMC phenotypic modulation and balloon injury-induced vascular neointimal formation and explored the underlying mechanisms. Serum-starved rat thoracic aorta SMCs (RASMCs) were first pretreated with farrerol (3, 10, and 30 μM, respectively), U0126 (a MEK kinase inhibitor), and SB203580 (a p38 kinase inhibitor), and followed by treatment with serum (10% FBS). The expression of several VSMC-specific markers, including α-SMA, SM22α, and OPN, were analyzed by western blot. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was also investigated. Farrerol inhibited the serum-induced transition of RASMCs from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype, and this was associated with a decrease in α-SMA and SM22α expression, and an increase in OPN expression. Farrerol also inhibited serum-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK in RASMCs. Moreover, U0126 and SB203580 both inhibited the serum-induced phenotypic transition of RASMCs. These findings indicate that farrerol can maintain the contractile phenotype of VSMCs partly via inactivating the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Using a rat model of carotid artery balloon injury, inhibition of VSMC phenotypic transition and suppression of neointimal formation were confirmed in vivo following the perivascular application of farrerol. Our results suggested that farrerol could be a promising lead compound for the treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.
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14
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Wu CM, Zheng L, Wang Q, Hu YW. The emerging role of cell senescence in atherosclerosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:27-38. [PMID: 32692694 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell senescence is a fundamental mechanism of aging and appears to play vital roles in the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, fibrotic pulmonary disease, liver disease and tumor. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence shows that cell senescence plays an indispensable role in the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Multiple senescent cell types are associated with atherosclerosis, senescent human vascular endothelial cells participated in atherosclerosis via regulating the level of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), angiotensin II and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), senescent human vascular smooth muscle cells-mediated plaque instability and vascular calcification via regulating the expression level of BMP-2, OPN, Runx-2 and inflammatory molecules, and senescent macrophages impaired cholesterol efflux and promoted the development of senescent-related cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the characteristics of cell senescence and updates the molecular mechanisms underlying cell senescence. Moreover, we also discuss the recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that can potentially regulate the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Meng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Interleukin-17A induces vascular remodeling of small arteries and blood pressure elevation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:513-527. [PMID: 32104886 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An important link exists between hypertension and inflammation. Hypertensive patients present elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-17A (IL-17A). This cytokine participates in host defense, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory pathologies, and cardiovascular diseases, mainly through the regulation of proinflammatory factors. Emerging evidence also suggests that IL-17A could play a role in regulating blood pressure and end-organ damage. Here, our preclinical studies in a murine model of systemic IL-17A administration showed that increased levels of circulating IL-17A raised blood pressure induced inward remodeling of small mesenteric arteries (SMAs) and arterial stiffness. In IL-17A-infused mice, treatment with hydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide diminished blood pressure elevation, without modifying mechanical and structural properties of SMA, suggesting a direct vascular effect of IL-17A. The mechanisms of IL-17A seem to involve an induction of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy and phenotype changes, in the absence of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins accumulation. Accordingly, treatment with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody diminished SMA remodeling in a model of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Moreover, in vitro studies in VSMCs reported here, provide further evidence of the direct effects of IL-17A on cell growth responses. Our experimental data suggest that IL-17A is a key mediator of vascular remodeling of the small arteries, which might contribute, at least in part, to blood pressure elevation.
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16
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Zha B, Qiu P, Zhang C, Li X, Chen Z. GPR30 Promotes the Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Activating the AKT and ERK Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3801-3808. [PMID: 32440148 PMCID: PMC7212987 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s244128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower extremity varicose veins (LEVVs) are a common venous disorder of venous dilation and tortuosity. The functional integrity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the majority of the cells in venous tissues, and their phenotypic differences play important roles in the occurrence and development of LEVV. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods The expression of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ and G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in LEVV tissues and the role of GPR30 in VSMC phenotypic switching were examined by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the related mechanisms underlying LEVVs were explored by Western blotting. Results The serum estradiol content was increased in LEVV patients compared with normal control patients, but the mRNA levels of ERα and ERβ were not significantly different. GPR30 was overexpressed in LEVVs, and high expression of GPR30 promoted the maintenance of a synthetic phenotype in which OPN, MMP-1 and MMP-9 were highly expressed and α-SMA was poorly expressed in VSMCs. Finally, the mechanism by which GPR30 promotes the phenotypic switching of VSMCs is dependent on the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. Conclusion GPR30 may contribute to the pathogenesis of LEVVs by promoting the maintenance of a synthetic phenotype in VSMCs by activating the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways, and GPR30 might be a novel therapeutic target for clinical LEVV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshan Zha
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and Vascular Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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17
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Noncoding RNAs in Vascular Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7914957. [PMID: 31998442 PMCID: PMC6969641 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7914957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increases in age are accompanied by vascular aging, which can lead to a variety of chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become a research hotspot in different fields of life sciences in recent years. For example, these molecules have been found to have regulatory roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Many studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) also play a regulatory role in vascular aging. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important components of blood vessels, and the senescence of both cell types promotes the occurrence of vascular aging. This review provides a contemporary update on the molecular mechanisms underlying the senescence of ECs and VSMCs and the regulatory role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in this process.
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18
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Yu J, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Shi L. Role of the Balance of Akt and MAPK Pathways in the Exercise-Regulated Phenotype Switching in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225690. [PMID: 31766280 PMCID: PMC6888552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching and the critical signal modulation affecting the VSMCs remain controversial. Physical exercise acts as an effective drug in preventing elevated blood pressure and improving vascular function. This study was designed to explore the influence of aerobic exercise on the suppression of VSMC phenotype switching by balancing of the Akt, also known as PKB (protein kinase B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive rats were subjected to exercise treatment before measuring the vascular morphological and structural performances. Exercise induced reverse expression of VSMC protein markers (α-SM-actin, calponin, and osteopontin (OPN)) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. It is noteworthy that the low expression of phosphorylated Akt significantly decreased the expression of VSMC contractile phenotype markers (α-SM-actin and calponin) and increased the expression of the VSMC synthetic phenotype marker (OPN). However, the MAPK signal pathway exerts an opposite effect. VSMCs and whole vessels were treated by inhibitors, namely the p-Akt inhibitor, p-ERK inhibitor, and p-p38 MAPK inhibitors. VSMC phenotype markers were reversed. It is important to note that a significant reverse regulatory relationship was observed between the expression levels of MAPK and the contractile markers in both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. We demonstrate that aerobic exercise regulates the VSMC phenotype switching by balancing the Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jingjing Yu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6298-9582
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19
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Ye F, Wu Y, Chen Y, Xiao D, Shi L. Impact of moderate- and high-intensity exercise on the endothelial ultrastructure and function in mesenteric arteries from hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2019; 222:36-45. [PMID: 30825543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) influences vascular function and structure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). It is also responsible for the decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability that influences endothelial vasodilation. The effects of high-intensity exercise on endothelial function and ultrastructure in hypertension remain unknown. Thus, this study investigated the effects of moderate- and high-intensity exercise on hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction and ultrastructural remodeling. Moderate-intensity (SHR-M) and high-intensity (SHRH) aerobic exercise training groups were compared in age-matched sedentary SHRs (SHRC) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY-C). The results showed that the endothelial ultrastructure was impaired in the SHR-H and SHR-C groups. Glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly increased in the SHR-M group compared to the SHR-C group. MDA content was higher in the SHR-H group than in the SHR-C group, but the levels of antioxidant enzymes did not increase accordingly. Apocynin scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) ameliorated endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in the SHR-H group. However, the SHR-M and WKY-C groups abolished the increased vasodilation induced by apocynin. L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor, was applied to isolated mesenteric arteries (MAs) to evaluate NO contribution. Moderate-intensity exercise reversed the decreased NO contribution to MAs in hypertension, and high-intensity exercise aggravated this change. These data suggest that moderate-intensity exercise ameliorated adverse remodeling of the endothelial ultrastructure and function in hypertension by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing NO contribution. However, high-intensity exercise exacerbated all of these changes by increasing OS and ROS contribution, and decreasing NO contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
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