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Toghyani M, Macelline S, de Paula Dorigam JC, Chrystal PV, Selle PH, Liu SY. Assessment of four different dietary amino acid profiles recommended for ISA Brown layer hens: A validation study. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:438-446. [PMID: 38860023 PMCID: PMC11163148 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The current feeding study was designed to validate the two dietary essential amino acid profiles (EAAP) established based on linear broken-line (LBL) and quadratic broken-line (QBL) models, in a previous study, against Evonik (AMINOHen) and breeder recommendations for ISA Brown layers for peak production (PP, 20 to 44 weeks of age), and post peak production (post PP, 44 to 75 weeks of age). The EAAP based on LBL models on average had 19.5% and 26.0% lower digestible AA (Lys, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile and Val), than the EAAP based on QBL models for PP and post PP, respectively. The EAAP based on AMINOHen and breeder recommendation had lower digestible AA than QBL, and higher EAAP than LBL models for both production phases. At 20 weeks of age, 224 ISA Brown layer hens were weighed and randomly allocated to individual battery cages. Each of the four diets was replicated 8 times with 7 birds per replicate. Egg production was recorded daily, and egg weights were measured at the end of each week. Feed consumption was measured at the end of each period. The egg production rate was not significantly affected by the diets and remained at around 98.0% (PP) and 95.0% (post PP) (P > 0.05). Birds fed diets based on LBL recommendation consistently laid smaller eggs, resulting in a lower egg mass (59.8 vs. 62.0 g egg/hen per day during PP, and 60.3 vs. 63.0 g egg/hen per day during post PP; P < 0.05). Diets had no significant effect on feed intake and body weight (P > 0.05). The highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) during PP (P = 0.067) and post PP (P < 0.05) was recorded for the birds offered diets based on LBL recommendation. In conclusion, all four EAAP tested in this study support an above average egg production rate. However, the EAAP based on LBL models may potentially decrease the input feed cost per kilogram of eggs but are not set to optimise FCR and maximise egg mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Toghyani
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Shemil Macelline
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Peter V. Chrystal
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter H. Selle
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Y. Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
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2
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Reis MP, Ferreira NT, Gous RM, Sakomura NK. Update and evaluation of the egg production model in laying hens. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 5:101015. [PMID: 37973429 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The egg production model (EPM) described here is a mechanistic and stochastic model that simulates the amino acid and energy requirements of laying hens. It takes into account their potential rate of laying, and egg weight over time, and the composition of the feed provided. The model predicts feed intake based on the assumption that hens will consume enough feed to reach their genetic potential. The environment is assumed to be non-limiting, although feed intake may be constrained by bulk capacity when bulky feeds are offered. The simulation model integrates a least-cost feed formulator, which enables the prediction of a feeding program that maximizes economic returns. A series of simulations were conducted to demonstrate the model behavior, external evaluation, and the economic optimization routine. The model behavior showed that as the energy content in the feed decreased, the simulated feed intake increased to compensate. Consequently, feeds with lower energy concentrations led to an overconsumption of nutrients, resulting in increased egg component weights (yolk and albumen). However, when the balanced protein was reduced while maintaining a constant energy-to-protein ratio, there was no change in egg components, consistent with published literature. The external evaluation indicated that feed intake, egg production, and egg weight were estimated with low error, and there was a similar trend observed between the estimated and observed data. This demonstrates the reliability of the model. Additionally, the paper provides a demonstration of how to use and interpret the results from the egg production model, including the economic optimization routine. The study found that a feed containing 7.8 g/kg of digestible lysine maximized economic returns. This optimization tool can be valuable in making nutritional decisions to optimize economic returns in an egg production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Reis
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - N T Ferreira
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, 7504 Puslinch, Ontario, Canada
| | - R M Gous
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Carbis Road, 3201 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - N K Sakomura
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Unesp Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil.
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Zaki A, Jiang S, Zaghloul S, El-Rayes TK, Saleh AA, Azzam MM, Ragni M, Alagawany M. Betaine as an alternative feed additive to choline and its effect on performance, blood parameters, and egg quality in laying hens rations. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102710. [PMID: 37148572 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate how using betaine levels as a choline substitute affects productive performance, egg quality parameters, fatty acids profile, and antioxidant status in laying hens. One hundred and forty brown chickens, 45 wk old, were divided into 4 groups, each group of 7 replicates with 5 chickens per replicate. The first group of diets with choline has control (A) 100% choline, the second group (B) 75% choline + 25% betaine, the third group (C) 50% choline + 50% betaine, and the fourth group (D) received 100% betaine. No significant effects were observed in final body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), egg production (EW), and feed intake (FI) for laying hens. In the diet in which betaine was replaced choline, egg mass (EM) and egg weight (EW) increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, after 12 wk of feeding, the egg quality parameters were not influenced; however, yolk color was increased significantly compared with the control group. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-lipoprotein, HDL-lipoprotein, triglyceride, glucose, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) were not affected by replacing choline with betaine. Furthermore, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content, yolk vitamin E, and fatty acid levels were not significantly affected by replacing choline with betaine. Moreover, hens fed betaine displayed an increased antibody titer of the Newcastle disease (ND) virus. EW and EM were increased by 3.50% and 5.43% in 100% betaine group (D) when compared to the control group. Isthmus weight was decreased by 48.28 % in 50% choline + 50% betaine group (C) when compared to the control group. ND was increased by 26.24% in 100% betaine group when compared to the control group. In conclusion, betaine supplementation positively affected productive performance, egg quality measurements, and immunity response in Bovans brown laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Zaki
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 333516, Egypt
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Saad Zaghloul
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 333516, Egypt
| | - Talaat K El-Rayes
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 333516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mostafa Azzam
- Department of Animal Production College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Kazemi V, Zarghi H, Golian A. The effect of dietary energy and nutrients density on performance, egg components, egg quality, and profits of Hy-Line W-36 during the peak stage of first laying cycle. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2090287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Kazemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Heydar Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Golian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Scappaticcio R, García J, Fondevila G, de Juan AF, Cámara L, Mateos GG. Influence of the energy and digestible lysine contents of the diet on performance and egg quality traits of brown-egg laying hens from 19 to 59 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101211. [PMID: 34111610 PMCID: PMC8192730 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of nutrient density and standardized ileal digestible lys (DLys) content of the diet on egg production and egg quality traits, was studied in brown-egg laying hens from 19 to 59 wk of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments arranged as a 2×4 factorial with two AMEn concentrations (2,680 and 2,780 kcal/kg) and four levels of DLys (0.68, 0.72, 0.76, and 0.80%). Each treatment was replicated nine times and the experimental unit was a cage with nine hens. Hen production, egg components (proportion of albumen, yolk, and shell), egg quality traits (Haugh units, egg shell strength, and incidence of broken, dirty, and shell-less eggs) were measured by period (28 d) and cumulatively. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with energy concentration, level of DLys, and their interactions as main effects. In addition, the effects of the level of DLys on the variables studied, were partitioned into its linear and quadratic components. No interactions between AMEn and DLys content of the diet were detected for any of the traits studied and therefore, only main effects are presented. An increase in the AMEn concentration of the diet from 2,680 to 2,780 kcal/kg increased energy intake (P < 0.05) and egg weight (P < 0.001) and improved feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). An Increase in DLys from 0.68 to 0.80% did not affect the number of eggs produced but increased linearly egg weight (P < 0.01) and egg mass production (P < 0.05). Diet did not affect egg quality. In conclusion, an increase in the AMEn content of the diet from 2,680 to 2,780 kcal/kg increased egg weight and improved feed efficiency. Laying hens require no more than 744 mg DLys/d (corresponding to 0.68% DLys) to optimize egg production. However, when the objective is to maximize egg weight, hens should consume at least 843 mg DLys/d (corresponding to 0.76% D Lys).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scappaticcio
- Camar Agroalimentaria S.L., Toledo, Spain; Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J García
- Camar Agroalimentaria S.L., Toledo, Spain
| | - G Fondevila
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A F de Juan
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Cámara
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G G Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Macelline SP, Toghyani M, Chrystal PV, Selle PH, Liu SY. Amino acid requirements for laying hens: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101036. [PMID: 33770542 PMCID: PMC8024705 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this review is to consolidate the relevant published data examining amino acid requirements of layer hens and to reach a new set of recommendation based on these data. There are inconsistences in lysine, sulphur-containing amino acids, threonine, tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, and arginine recommendations in data that have surfaced since 1994. This review finds that breed, age, basal diet composition, and assessment method have contributed toward inconsistencies in amino acid recommendations. Presently, the development of reduced-protein diets for layer hens is receiving increasing attention because of the demand for sustainable production. This involves quite radical changes in diet composition with inclusions of nonbound, essential and nonessential amino acids. Increasing inclusions of nonbound amino acids into layer diets modifies protein digestive dynamics, and it may influence amino acid requirements in layer hens. This review considers present amino acid recommendations for layer hens and proposes refinements that may better serve the needs of the layer industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemil P Macelline
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mehdi Toghyani
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter V Chrystal
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia; Baiada Poultry Pty Limited, Pendle Hill 2145 NSW, Australia
| | - Peter H Selle
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sonia Yun Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, Camden Campus, NSW 2570, Camden, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia.
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7
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Khatibi SMR, Zarghi H, Golian A. Effect of diet nutrients density on performance and egg quality of laying hens during the post-peak production phase of the first laying cycle under subtropical climate. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1900753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heydar Zarghi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Golian
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Hossaninejad SA, Zarghi H, Golian A. Effect of digestible threonine on performance, egg quality, blood metabolites, and immune responses in laying hens fed a wheat-based diet in the second cycle. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2004248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Hossaninejad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Heydar Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Golian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Optimization of growth performance responses of Japanese quail with different concentrations of metabolizable energy, lysine, and sulfur amino acids using Taguchi method. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R, Ma DWL, Price KR, Moats JR, Karrow NA, Kiarie EG. Enriching ISA brown and Shaver white breeder diets with sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased embryonic utilization of docosahexaenoic acid. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1038-1051. [PMID: 32036961 PMCID: PMC7587772 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information on feeding egg-type chick breeders n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and its impact on hatching egg quality and embryonic fatty acid (FA) utilization. We investigated the effects of feeding brown and white egg-type chick breeders diets containing sources of n-3 PUFA on egg composition, apparent embryonic FA utilization, and intestinal FA transporter in hatchlings. Twenty-six-week-old ISA brown and Shaver white breeders were fed either 1) control (CON); 2) CON + 1% of microalgae (DMA, Aurantiochytrium limacinum) fermentation product, as a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); or 3) CON + 2.60% of coextruded full-fat flaxseed and pulse mixture (FFF, 1:1 wt/wt) as a source of α-linolenic acid (ALA). Test diets had similar total n-3 and n-6:n-3 ratio. Eggs were hatched, and residual yolk (RY) samples taken for FA analyses. Apparent embryonic FA utilization was calculated by subtracting concentration of FA in RY from concentration of FA in yolk before incubation. There was an interaction between strains and diets (P < 0.05) on DHA in phospholipid and triglyceride fractions of yolk. Both n-3 PUFA sources increased DHA to a greater extent in Shaver white than in ISA brown. The interactive effect of strains and diets (P = 0.019) on embryonic utilization of ALA was such that DMA and FFF reduced ALA utilization, and this pattern was more prevalent in Shaver white birds than in ISA brown birds. There was no interaction between strains and diets on DHA utilization (P > 0.05). Embryos from hens fed n-3 PUFA sources used less total FA in phospholipid fraction (P < 0.001), and they preferentially used more DHA than CON embryos. Shaver white embryos used more (P < 0.05) ALA and DHA than ISA brown embryos. Although data suggested Shaver white had higher propensity of depositing DHA than ISA brown, irrespective of strain, feeding n-3 PUFA modified embryonic pattern of FA utilization toward utilization of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Neil A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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11
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Ruan D, Fouad AM, Zhang YN, Wang S, Chen W, Xia WG, Jiang SQ, Yang L, Zheng CT. Effects of dietary lysine on productivity, reproductive performance, protein and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in laying duck breeders. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5734-5745. [PMID: 31265113 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether dietary lysine (Lys) affects productive performance and expression of genes related to protein and lipid metabolism in laying duck breeders. Longyan duck breeders (n = 540, 19 wk of age) were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 6 replicates of 15 birds each. Breeders were fed diets with 6 total Lys levels (6.4, 7.2, 8.0, 8.8, 9.6, and 10.4 g/kg) for 26 wk duration. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, hatchability, hatchling weight, albumen weight, eggshell weight, yolk weight, and yolk proportion increased with dietary Lys levels (P < 0.05). Dietary Lys level had a linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) effects on maternal hepatic expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2K (UBE2K), cathepsin B (CTSB), and quadratically (P < 0.05) increased the concentrations of plasma Lys, leucine, threonine, and tryptophan in duck breeders. In contrast, maternal dietary Lys suppressed expression of proteasome 26S subunit, UBE2K, and CTSB in the liver of hatchlings. Moreover, relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, and very low density apolipoprotein-II increased linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05), and that of VLDL receptor (VLDLR) decreased quadratically (P < 0.05) in the liver of duck breeders with increasing dietary Lys levels; hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents were reduced. Maternal dietary Lys suppressed hepatic expression of VLDLR in the hatchlings. A diet containing 8.6 g Lys/kg promoted protein turnover and lipid metabolism in laying duck breeders, which positively reflected in the productivity and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - A M Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Y N Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - W G Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - L Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - C T Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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12
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Fouad AM, Chen W, Ruan D, Wang S, Xia W, Zheng C. Effects of dietary lysine supplementation on performance, egg quality, and development of reproductive system in egg-laying ducks. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1308868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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