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Panwar S, Duggirala KS, Yadav P, Debnath N, Yadav AK, Kumar A. Advanced diagnostic methods for identification of bacterial foodborne pathogens: contemporary and upcoming challenges. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:982-1000. [PMID: 35994308 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2095253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It is a public health imperative to have safe food and water across the population. Foodborne infections are one of the primary causes of sickness and mortality in both developed and developing countries. An estimated 100 million foodborne diseases and 120 000 foodborne illness-related fatalities occur each year in India. Several factors affect foodborne illness, such as improper farming methods, poor sanitary and hygienic conditions at all levels of the food supply chain, the lack of preventative measures in the food processing industry, the misuse of food additives, as well as improper storage and handling. In addition, chemical and microbiological combinations also play a key role in disease development. But recent disease outbreaks indicated that microbial pathogens played a major role in the development of foodborne diseases. Therefore, prompt, rapid, and accurate detection of high-risk food pathogens is extremely vital to warrant the safety of the food items. Conventional approaches for identifying foodborne pathogens are labor-intensive and cumbersome. As a result, a range of technologies for the rapid detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens have been developed. Presently, many methods are available for the instantaneous detection, identification, and monitoring of foodborne pathogens, such as nucleic acid-based methods, biosensor-based methods, and immunological-based methods. The goal of this review is to provide a complete evaluation of several existing and emerging strategies for detecting food-borne pathogens. Furthermore, this review outlines innovative methodologies and their uses in food testing, along with their existing limits and future possibilities in the detection of live pathogens in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Panwar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | | | - Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
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Wang X, Wang T, Guo M, Zhang C, Bo Z, Wu Y, Chao G. The large plasmid carried class 1 integrons mediated multidrug resistance of foodborne Salmonella Indiana. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991326. [PMID: 36312970 PMCID: PMC9614373 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana (S. Indiana) has aroused widespread concern as an important zoonotic pathogen. The molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) in S. Indiana is not known and should be assessed. We aim to investigate the molecular mechanism of MDR and the importance of large plasmids carried class 1 integrons in the MDR of foodborne S. Indiana. Class 1 integrons in 48 S. Indiana isolates and 200 isolates of 7 other Salmonella serotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To analyze the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of two S. Indiana isolates, designated S. Indiana 15 and S. Indiana 222, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed, and the resulting sequences were compared with the complete nucleotide sequences of S. Indiana D90 and S. Indiana C629. Comparative functional analysis was conducted between the intI1 (1,014 bp) of S. Indiana 222 and the intI1 (699 bp) of S. Indiana 15. Plasmid conjugation transfer analysis was performed to analyze the horizontal gene transfer of the integrons-related resistance genes with integron-positive and integron-negative Salmonella isolates. 64.58% of S. Indiana isolates carried class 1 integrons, which was significantly higher than that of other Salmonella serotypes (p < 0.001). The NGS results showed that the S. Indiana 15 and S. Indiana 222 isolates carried a large plasmid with a class 1 integron and multiple ARGs, similar to S. Indiana D90 and S. Indiana C629. Two integrases found in S. Indiana isolates belong to class 1 integrases and could integrate resistance genes into specific integration sites of the integrons. The conjugation frequency of intI1 (1,014 bp) was 6.08 × 10−5, which was significantly higher than that of intI1 (699 bp) (p < 0.01). The large plasmids carrying a class 1 integron and the number of ARGs were strongly correlated (p < 0.001). The conjugation frequency of integron-positive S. Indiana recipient isolates was significantly higher than that of integron-negative recipient isolates (p < 0.05). S. Indiana containing large plasmids carrying a class 1 integron more easily captured resistance genes from other bacteria (S. Enteritidis and S. Derby), which could be an important cause of the emerging pandemic of MDR clones. S. Indiana containing large plasmids carrying a class 1 integron more easily captured resistance genes from other bacteria (S. Enteritidis and S. Derby), which could be an important cause of the emerging pandemic of MDR clones. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yantao Wu,
| | - Guoxiang Chao
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Guoxiang Chao,
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OUP accepted manuscript. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1092-1104. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rajagopal R, Barnes CA, David JM, Goseland J, Goseland J. Evaluation of a commercial loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay, 3M TM Molecular Detection Assay 2 - Campylobacter, for the detection of Campylobacter from poultry matrices. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:404-413. [PMID: 33517711 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1879992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to evaluate performance of a commercial loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method as an alternative method for the detection of Campylobacter spp. in primary production samples, poultry rinses and raw poultry products, as compared to the US Department of Agriculture Food Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guide Book PCR reference method, MLG 41A.2. The Campylobacter spp. LAMP was used in conjunction with a ready-to-use enrichment broth that does not require microaerophilic incubation. After enrichment, boot swabs from poultry farms, carcase rinses and raw poultry products were tested by the LAMP method and the MLG 41A PCR method.3. The ready-to-use enrichment broth enabled the growth of Campylobacter spp. within 22 to 28 hours under aerobic incubation conditions. The LAMP method enabled Campylobacter detection in the enriched samples of various poultry matrices and had equivalent sensitivity and specificity to the MLG 41A PCR method.4. No significant difference (95% confidence interval) was found between the alternative and the MLG 41A PCR method, as determined by probability of detection analysis, except for neutralising buffered peptone water post-chill rinsates. For the post-chill neutralising buffered peptone water rinsates, the LAMP method had significantly higher confirmed portions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Goseland
- WBA Analytical Laboratories, Inc., Springdale, AR, USA
| | - J Goseland
- WBA Analytical Laboratories, Inc., Springdale, AR, USA
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Domesle KJ, Young SR, Ge B. Rapid Screening for Salmonella in Raw Pet Food by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. J Food Prot 2021; 84:399-407. [PMID: 33057673 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Raw pet food, composed of raw meat and vegetables, has increased in popularity in recent years. Multiple surveys and frequent recalls indicate that this commodity has a high risk of contamination with Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens. Improved screening methods are needed to meet the growing demand for testing. This matrix verification study aimed to apply a Salmonella loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, recently completed multilaboratory validation in dry dog food, in several raw pet food matrices, following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s method validation guidelines. Five types of raw pet food, consisting of freeze-dried beef and chicken treats and frozen beef, pork, and turkey complete foods, were evaluated. For each matrix, two sets of ten 25-g test portions (seven inoculated with ≤30 cells of Salmonella Typhimurium and three uninoculated controls) were examined. One set was preenriched in buffered peptone water and the other one was preenriched in lactose broth, which was followed by LAMP screening using two isothermal master mixes (ISO-001 and ISO-004). All results were confirmed by culture as specified in the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). The LAMP method accurately detected Salmonella in all inoculated test portions of the five raw pet food samples, regardless of the preenrichment broth used. Positive results could be obtained within 4 min of the LAMP run using the ISO-004 master mix. All uninoculated controls tested negative using LAMP or BAM. In addition, one turkey-based complete pet food sample was found to be already contaminated with three Salmonella serovars harboring multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. The Salmonella LAMP method offers a rapid, reliable, and robust tool for routine screening of Salmonella in raw pet food, which will help better ensure product safety and protect public health. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Domesle
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1873-5091 [K.J.D.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-9907 [S.R.Y.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7995-7427 [B.G.])
| | - Shenia R Young
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1873-5091 [K.J.D.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-9907 [S.R.Y.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7995-7427 [B.G.])
| | - Beilei Ge
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1873-5091 [K.J.D.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-9907 [S.R.Y.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7995-7427 [B.G.])
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Bergamo G, Gandra EA. Detection of Salmonella by the 3M Molecular Detection Assays: MDS ® Method. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2182:33-38. [PMID: 32894484 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0791-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developed by 3M Company, 3M ™ Molecular Detection Assays-3M MDS-enable detection of Salmonella from advanced isothermal DNA amplification and bioluminescence detection technology. It can be used for a wide variety of products, including poultry, eggs, pet foods, and environmental samples, and results are obtained within about 24 h. In this chapter, all steps of the 3M MDS™ method for detection of Salmonella are described and detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greici Bergamo
- Laboratory of Food Science and Molecular Biology (LACABIM), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Room 53, Building 04 - Capão do Leão Campus, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eliezer Avila Gandra
- Laboratory of Food Science and Molecular Biology (LACABIM), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Room 53, Building 04 - Capão do Leão Campus, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Systematic evaluation of potential pathogenicity of Salmonella Indiana. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108759. [PMID: 32768212 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Indiana has emerged in recent years as an important zoonotic pathogen, but its pathogenicity has not been fully elucidated. In this study, using in vivo and in vitro animal and cellular experimental model systems, we evaluated the pathogenicity of Salmonella Indiana (S. Indiana) compared with three other serotypes of Salmonella, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Thompson. The animal experiments included observations of clinical symptoms, pathological changes and determination of median lethal dose in mice. The adhesion and invasiveness and intracellular proliferative capacity of Salmonella in vitro were measured with the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 cells and the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 cells. The results of animal experiments showed that S. Indiana, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Thompson caused histopathological changes in most organs to varying degrees, primarily in the liver and intestine of mice. The gross lesions included white necrotic foci on the liver surface with different levels. The histopathological changes of monocyte/macrophage infiltration and coagulative necrosis were observed in the liver. Intestinal villi became short and were sloughed off, and lymphocyte infiltration was found in the submucosa. Compared with the other serotypes, the pathological changes caused by S. Indiana were slighter and had a relatively high median lethal dose in mice. The results of adhesion and invasion tests showed that the intracellular growth trend of most Salmonella strains was positively correlated with the number of pathogens adhering to and invading cells. Compared with the strains of the other three serotypes, most S. Indiana strains exhibited significantly lower adhesion and invasiveness to RAW264.7 and Caco-2 cells within 30 min. Most S. Indiana strains displayed twice to four times lower intracellular proliferation within 24 h in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, S. Indiana was pathogenic, but its pathogenicity was lower than that of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, and was similar to that of S. Thompson.
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Ge B, Domesle KJ, Yang Q, Hammack TS, Wang SS, Deng X, Hu L, Zhang G, Hu Y, Lai X, Chou KX, Dollete JR, Hirneisen KA, La SP, Richter RS, Rai DR, Yousefvand AA, Park PK, Wu CH, Eames T, Kiang D, Sheng J, Wu D, Hahn L, Ledger L, Logie C, You Q, Slavic D, Cai H, Ayers SL, Young SR, Pamboukian R. Multi-Laboratory Validation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Screening Salmonella in Animal Food. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:562. [PMID: 30984125 PMCID: PMC6447708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has gained wide popularity in the detection of Salmonella in foods owing to its simplicity, rapidity, and robustness. This multi-laboratory validation (MLV) study aimed to validate a Salmonella LAMP-based method against the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Chapter 5 Salmonella reference method in a representative animal food matrix (dry dog food). Fourteen independent collaborators from seven laboratories in the United States and Canada participated in the study. Each collaborator received two sets of 24 blind-coded dry dog food samples (eight uninoculated; eight inoculated at a low level, 0.65 MPN/25 g; and eight inoculated at a high level, 3.01 MPN/25 g) and initiated the testing on the same day. The MLV study used an unpaired design where different test portions were analyzed by the LAMP and BAM methods using different preenrichment protocols (buffered peptone water for LAMP and lactose broth for BAM). All LAMP samples were confirmed by culture using the BAM method. BAM samples were also tested by LAMP following lactose broth preenrichment (paired samples). Statistical analysis was carried out by the probability of detection (POD) per AOAC guidelines and by a random intercept logistic regression model. Overall, no significant differences in POD between the Salmonella LAMP and BAM methods were observed with either unpaired or paired samples, indicating the methods were comparable. LAMP testing following preenrichment in buffered peptone water or lactose broth also resulted in insignificant POD differences (P > 0.05). The MLV study strongly supports the utility and applicability of this rapid and reliable LAMP method in routine regulatory screening of Salmonella in animal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Ge
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Kelly J. Domesle
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Qianru Yang
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Thomas S. Hammack
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Shizhen S. Wang
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lijun Hu
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Yuan Hu
- Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, United States
| | - Xiaokuang Lai
- Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, United States
| | - Kyson X. Chou
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jan Ryan Dollete
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kirsten A. Hirneisen
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sammie P. La
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Richelle S. Richter
- Pacific Southwest Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Diyo R. Rai
- San Francisco Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Alameda, CA, United States
| | - Azadeh A. Yousefvand
- San Francisco Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Alameda, CA, United States
| | - Paul K. Park
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Cindy H. Wu
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Tameji Eames
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - David Kiang
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Ju Sheng
- Office of Indiana State Chemist, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dancia Wu
- Office of Indiana State Chemist, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lori Hahn
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Ledger
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Logie
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Qiu You
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Hugh Cai
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sherry L. Ayers
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Shenia R. Young
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Ruiqing Pamboukian
- Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States
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Hu L, Deng X, Brown EW, Hammack TS, Ma LM, Zhang G. Evaluation of Roka Atlas Salmonella method for the detection of Salmonella in egg products in comparison with culture method, real-time PCR and isothermal amplification assays. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hu L, Ma LM, Zheng S, He X, Hammack TS, Brown EW, Zhang G. Development of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Salmonella ser. Enteritidis from egg products. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang Q, Domesle KJ, Ge B. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Salmonella Detection in Food and Feed: Current Applications and Future Directions. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:309-331. [PMID: 29902082 PMCID: PMC6004089 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has become a powerful alternative to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for pathogen detection in clinical specimens and food matrices. Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen of significant food and feed safety concern worldwide. The first study employing LAMP for the rapid detection of Salmonella was reported in 2005, 5 years after the invention of the LAMP technology in Japan. This review provides an overview of international efforts in the past decade on the development and application of Salmonella LAMP assays in a wide array of food and feed matrices. Recent progress in assay design, platform development, commercial application, and method validation is reviewed. Future perspectives toward more practical and wider applications of Salmonella LAMP assays in food and feed testing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Yang
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Kelly J Domesle
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Beilei Ge
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
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Microbial Forensics: Beyond a Fascination. DNA FINGERPRINTING: ADVANCEMENTS AND FUTURE ENDEAVORS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7121623 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1583-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbiology has seen a great transition from culture-based identification of microbes using various biochemical and microscopic observations to identify and functionally characterize the microbes by just collecting the DNA and sequencing it. This advancement has not only moved in and around microbiology but has found its applications in fields which were earlier considered to be the remote ones. Forensics is one such field, where tracing the leftover evidence on a crime scene can lead to the identification and prosecution of the culprit. When leftover microbes in the biological material or objects used by the culprit or the person in question are used to correlate the identity of the individual, it takes us to the new field of science—“microbial forensics.” Technological advances in the field of forensics, molecular biology, and microbiology have all helped to refine the techniques of collecting and processing of the samples for microbiological identification using DNA-based methods followed by its inference in the form of evidence. Studies have supported the assumption that skin or surface microflora of an individual is somewhat related with the microflora found on the objects used by that individual and efforts are ongoing to see if this is found consistently in various surroundings and with different individuals. Once established, this technique would facilitate accurate identification and differentiation of an individual or suspect to guide investigations along with conventional evidence. Legal investigations are not only the field where microbial forensic could help. Agriculture, defense, public health, tourism, etc. are the fields wherein microbial forensics with different names based on the fields are helping out and have potential to further support other fields.
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