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Park J, Heo YJ, Kim DH, Kim YB, Kwon BY, Song JY, Lee KW. Nutritional and physiological responses to dietary phosphorus levels and phytase in pullets and laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103886. [PMID: 38878747 PMCID: PMC11234048 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary available phosphorus (P) levels and dietary phytase added into the very low-P diet on the performance, mineral balance, odor emission, and stress responses in growing pullets and laying hens during 13 to 32 wk of age. One hundred sixty-eight pullets (Hy-Line Brown) were randomly assigned into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates of 6 birds each. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 3 graded P levels at 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45% during 13 to 15 wk (phase 1), 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45% during 16 to 18 wk (phase 2), and 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40% during 19 to 32 wk (phase 3). In addition, dietary phytase (500 FTU/kg matrix values) was added into the very low-P diets (0.20% during 13-15 wk, 0.25% during 16-18 wk, and 0.20% during 19-32 wk) to meet the nutritional adequacy with standard P diets. In all phases, decreasing dietary P levels did not affect (P > 0.05) growth, laying performance, and egg qualities. Decreasing dietary P levels linearly increased the relative duodenal and oviduct weights (P < 0.05), and quadratically increased the relative ovary weight in pullets (P = 0.016). Dietary phytase lowered (P = 0.021) the relative duodenal weight compared with the very low-P diet. Tibia breaking strength and tibia Mg contents in pullets were linearly lowered (P < 0.05) as dietary P levels decreased. Dietary phytase tended to increase (P = 0.091) tibia breaking strength and significantly increased (P = 0.025) tibia Mg content compared with the very low-P diet. Dietary P levels and dietary phytase affected (P < 0.05) ileal crypt depth and ileal villus height: crypt depth ratio in pullets. Decreasing dietary P levels linearly decreased (P < 0.01) crude fat digestibility and P excretion in both pullets and laying hens. Dietary phytase reversed (P < 0.05) the very low-P diet-mediated decrease of crude fat digestibility in pullets and laying hens. Dietary P levels and dietary phytase affected (P < 0.05) odor emission including ammonia in pullets and total volatile fatty acids in laying hens. Finally, lowering dietary P levels increased (P < 0.01) yolk corticosterone concentrations and the increased corticosterone concentration by the very low-P diet was reversed by dietary phytase. Collectively, our study shows that decreasing dietary P levels induced nutritional and physiological responses in pullets and laying hens and these P-mediated negative effects were mitigated by dietary phytase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Dao HT, Moss AF, Bradbury EJ, Swick RA. Effects of L-arginine, guanidinoacetic acid and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:225-234. [PMID: 37484992 PMCID: PMC10362165 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens. This study was implemented to determine the effects of L-arginine (Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), and L-citrulline (Cit) supplementation to Arg-deficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology, strength, and mineralization status of laying hens. Individually housed Hy-Line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of age. Treatments consisted of a standard protein diet (17% crude protein, SP), a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg (13% crude protein, RP), and RP supplemented with Arg (0.35% Arg, RP-Arg), GAA (0.46% GAA equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-GAA), or Cit (0.35% Cit equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-Cit) to reach the Arg level of SP diets. Birds fed the SP diet had similar bone weight, ash, length, width, Seedor index, breaking strength, and serum mineral concentration, but higher toe B level (P < 0.001) compared to those fed the RP diet at wk 40. Birds fed the SP diet consumed more but also excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet (P < 0.01). Birds fed the SP diet had lower Cu digestibility (P = 0.01) and higher B retention (P < 0.01) compared to those offered the RP diet. Supplementation of Arg, GAA, and Cit to the RP diet increased relative femur weight and length (P < 0.001). Citrulline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash, and Zn digestibility (P < 0.05). Supplementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca, P, and Mg levels, decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level, but increased Al, Fe, Zn, and Mn digestibility (P < 0.05). The current findings demonstrated the capacity of laying hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral utilization. Overall, bone morphology and breaking strength, and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP levels. Dietary Arg, GAA, or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens fed Arg-deficient RP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Thi Dao
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Amy F. Moss
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - Emma J. Bradbury
- Baiada Poultry Pty Limited, Pendle Hill, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Robert A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
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Dijkslag MA, Kwakkel RP, Martin-Chaves E, Alfonso-Carrillo C, Navarro-Villa A. Long-term effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus level, and feed form during rearing on egg production, eggshell quality and bone traits in brown laying hens from 30 to 89 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102618. [PMID: 36972675 PMCID: PMC10066558 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding strategies during rearing (0-16 wk) of brown laying hens on mid and end laying performance (30-89 wk) were studied. The rearing feeding strategies followed a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with feed form; mash with inclusion of 3% finely ground wheat straw (MWS), crumbles with inclusion of 3% finely ground wheat straw (CWS), and crumbles with inclusion of 3% unground oat hulls as fiber sources (COH) at 2 dietary Ca and P levels (high or low Ca-P). Feed conversion ratio improved with COH and MWS compared with CWS from 30 to 59 wk. Rate of lay and egg mass production showed a feed form × Ca-P interaction from 60 to 89 wk. Low Ca-P led to a higher egg production, but only when COH and MWS were fed. BW at 89 wk was higher with CWS compared to COH and MWS. BW uniformity was better with COH compared to MWS at 51 wk and both CWS and MWS at 67 wk. Tibia characteristics were not clearly affected by treatment, although there was a feed form × Ca-P interaction on compression at 89 wk, where compression was lower with MWS and low vs. high Ca-P. Low Ca-P during rearing led to higher eggshell thickness, compared to high Ca-P at 45 wk of age, but breaking strength was lower with low vs. high Ca-P at 75 wk. Although eggshell quality was affected by Ca-P and there were some interactions with feed form at some ages, the effect was not consistent. There was no clear relationship between eggshell quality and tibia characteristics. It was concluded that feeding low Ca-P in combination with COH and MWS during the rearing period positively affects egg production during late lay. Also, dietary Ca-P levels, compared to commercial practice, can be lowered during rearing, as this will not affect eggshell quality and bone mineralization at later ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dijkslag
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Nutrition and Innovation Centre, ForFarmers N.V., NL-7240 AB Lochem, the Netherlands.
| | - R P Kwakkel
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Martin-Chaves
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Poultry Research Centre, El Viso de San Juán, Toledo 45950, Spain
| | - C Alfonso-Carrillo
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Poultry Research Centre, El Viso de San Juán, Toledo 45950, Spain
| | - A Navarro-Villa
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Poultry Research Centre, El Viso de San Juán, Toledo 45950, Spain
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Roth C, Sims T, Rodehutscord M, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A. The active core microbiota of two high-yielding laying hen breeds fed with different levels of calcium and phosphorus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:951350. [PMID: 36213242 PMCID: PMC9539745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.951350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrient availability and supplementation of dietary phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) in avian feed, especially in laying hens, plays a vital role in phytase degradation and mineral utilization during the laying phase. The required concentration of P and Ca peaks during the laying phase, and the direct interaction between Ca and P concentration shrinks the availability of both supplements in the feed. Our goal was to characterize the active microbiota of the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (crop, gizzard, duodenum, ileum, caeca), including digesta- and mucosa-associated communities of two contrasting high-yielding breeds of laying hens (Lohmann Brown Classic, LB; Lohmann LSL-Classic, LSL) under different P and Ca supplementation levels. Statistical significances were observed for breed, GIT section, Ca, and the interaction of GIT section x breed, P x Ca, Ca x breed and P x Ca x breed (p < 0.05). A core microbiota of five species was detected in more than 97% of all samples. They were represented by an uncl. Lactobacillus (average relative abundance (av. abu.) 12.1%), Lactobacillus helveticus (av. abu. 10.8%), Megamonas funiformis (av. abu. 6.8%), Ligilactobacillus salivarius (av. abu. 4.5%), and an uncl. Fusicatenibacter (av. abu. 1.1%). Our findings indicated that Ca and P supplementation levels 20% below the recommendation have a minor effect on the microbiota compared to the strong impact of the bird’s genetic background. Moreover, a core active microbiota across the GIT of two high-yielding laying hen breeds was revealed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Roth
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tanja Sims
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Amélia Camarinha-Silva,
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The impact of dietary calcium and phosphorus on mitochondrial-linked gene expression in five tissues of laying hens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270550. [PMID: 35749523 PMCID: PMC9231785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and the energy metabolism are linked to both, the availability of Ca and P to provide the eukaryotic cell with energy. Both minerals are commonly used supplements in the feed of laying hens but little is known about the relationship between the feed content, energy metabolism and genetic background. In this study, we provide a large-scaled gene expression analysis of 31 mitochondrial and nuclear encoded genes in 80 laying hens in the context of dietary P and Ca concentrations. The setup included five tissues and gene expression was analysed under four different diets of recommended and reduced Ca and P concentrations. Our study shows, that mitochondrial gene expression is reacting to a reduction in P and that an imbalance of the nutrients has a higher impact than a combined reduction. The results suggest, that both strains (Lohmann Brown and Lohmann Selected Leghorn) react in a similar way to the changes and that a reduction of both nutrients might be possible without crucial influence on the animals’ health or gene expression.
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Granghelli C, Persia M. Non-phytate phosphorus requirements of egg laying pullets from 0 to 3 weeks of age and carryover effects of phosphorus deficiency at 6, 9, 12, and 18 weeks of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Dijkslag MA, Kwakkel RP, Martin-Chaves E, Alfonso-Carrillo C, Walvoort C, Navarro-Villa A. The effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus level, and feed form during rearing on growth performance, bone traits and egg production in brown egg-type pullets from 0 to 32 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101130. [PMID: 33940281 PMCID: PMC8111765 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, effects of feed form (crumbles (CWS), mash (MWS), both with inclusion of 3% finely ground wheat straw, or crumbles with inclusion of 3% oat hulls (COH)), and dietary Ca and P (high and low Ca-P) from 0 to 16 wk of age were studied on growth performance, bone characteristics, and gizzard development of egg-type pullets. The cross-over effect of feeding strategy during rearing on laying performance and egg shell quality was studied from 19 to 32 wk of age. From 0 to 16 wk, ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved with CWS and COH compared to MWS, but ADG and FCR were improved with MWS compared to CWS and COH from 11 to 16 wk. Uniformity of BW till 11 wk, and tibia breaking strength at 6 and 16 wk were higher with CWS and COH compared to MWS. Tibia ash content at 11 wk and relative empty proventriculus + gizzard weight (EPG) were lower with CWS and COH compared to MWS, also relative EPG at 11 and 16 wk was higher with COH compared to CWS. At 25 wk BW was lower with MWS compared to CWS and COH, but BW was equal for all treatments at 32 wk. The FCR for egg production was improved with COH compared to MWS. Egg shell parameters were not affected by feed form during rearing. Low Ca-P decreased BW uniformity at 6 wk, relative keel bone weight and ash content at 11 wk, tibia ash content at 11 and 16 wk, increased relative EPG at 6 wk, and improved egg shell quality at 32 wk of age. It was concluded that feeding CWS and COH compared to MWS increased growth performance, but had no clear cross-over effect on egg production. Low dietary Ca-P led to a lower bone mineralization during rearing, nevertheless improved egg shell quality at 32 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dijkslag
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Nutrition and Innovation Centre, ForFarmers N.V., NL-7240 AB, Lochem, the Netherlands.
| | - R P Kwakkel
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Martin-Chaves
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Poultry Research Centre, El Viso de San Juán, Toledo, 45950, Spain
| | - C Alfonso-Carrillo
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Poultry Research Centre, El Viso de San Juán, Toledo, 45950, Spain
| | - C Walvoort
- Nutrition and Innovation Centre, ForFarmers N.V., NL-7240 AB, Lochem, the Netherlands
| | - A Navarro-Villa
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Poultry Research Centre, El Viso de San Juán, Toledo, 45950, Spain
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Hofmann T, Schmucker S, Sommerfeld V, Huber K, Rodehutscord M, Stefanski V. Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium in Two Strains of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010129. [PMID: 33430096 PMCID: PMC7826506 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus and calcium are essential nutrients for body functions including the immune system and are generally supplemented to poultry diets. Phosphorus is also present in plant feedstuffs, bound as phytate, which can be used by enzymatic hydrolyzation in the chicken. A reduction of dietary mineral phosphorus might consequently be conceivable, without negatively influencing the immune system. The high concentration of calcium in diets for laying hens that is needed for eggshell formation may inhibit phytate degrading enzymes, and thus, decrease phosphorus availability for the hen. Both phytate degradation and several immune parameters are known to be strain-specific, making an interaction of the genetic background and the dietary phosphorus and calcium supply with the immune system likely. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of reduced concentrations of dietary phosphorus and calcium on the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in two laying hen strains. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced, while reduced calcium reduced several immune parameters. The two strains showed differences in many immune parameters, but only the impact of dietary phosphorus was influenced by the genetic background. These results suggest that dietary phosphorus and calcium supply may strain-specifically influence immune defense and protection against infection in chicken. Abstract Insufficient nutrient supply can impair the immune system, which is important for animal health and welfare. Since chicken can partly hydrolyze phytate, which is the primary phosphorus storage in plant seeds, a reduction of mineral phosphorus in the diets could be an option for more sustainable egg production. Laying hens require high concentrations of calcium that might inhibit the function of endogenous enzymes for phytate hydrolyzation. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of standard and reduced dietary phosphorus and calcium concentrations on the number and functionality of immune cells in the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in a white and brown laying hen strain. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced several immune parameters such as B cells in blood and IgA concentrations in bile in both strains, and peripheral monocytes and γδ T cells in cecal tonsils in brown hens. Reduced calcium levels resulted in lower numbers of T cells in blood and cecal tonsils in both strains, suggesting negative effects on adaptive immunity. Differences between the two strains were found in almost all immune parameters. Results suggest a potentially beneficial effect of reduced dietary mineral phosphorus on the immune system that is dependent on the genetic background.
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Jing M, Zhao S, Rogiewicz A, Slominski BA, House JD. Effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance, plasma biochemistry, bone mineralisation and phosphorus utilisation in pre-lay pullets fed various levels of phosphorus. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Reducing the environmental impact of animal production is becoming a really hot topic, especially with raised concerns over excessive flows of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) to the environment.
Aims
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of phytase supplementation on growth, plasma biochemistry, bone mineralisation and P utilisation of pre-lay pullets fed varying levels of non-phytate P.
Methods
A total of 240 Lohmann pullet chicks were randomly allocated to one of six dietary treatments with eight replicate cages (5 birds per cage) per treatment. Six treatments included three phytase-free diets and three diets supplemented with 1000 U/kg phytase; the non-phytate P levels were 2.75–2.50–2.25, 3.75–3.50–3.25 and 4.75–4.50–4.25 g/kg in the former, and 1.75–1.50–1.25, 2.75–2.50–2.25 and 3.75–3.50–3.25 g/kg in the latter, for the age of 0–4, 4–8 and 8–16 weeks respectively.
Key results
No significant differences were found for growth performance, plasma biochemistry (calcium, P, alkaline phosphatase and albumin) and bone mineralisation among dietary treatments, but P retention (%) was different (P < 0.001). Analysis of planned contrasts showed that phytase supplementation increased phytate P retention (P < 0.001), and improving the utilisation of phytate P tended most efficiently under low P conditions. Total P retention rate was reduced slightly by phytase supplementation (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The results indicated that dietary non-phytate P level could possibly be reduced to 1.75, 1.50 and 1.25 g/kg for 0–4, 4–8 and 8–16 weeks of age respectively after phytase supplementation, without compromising pullet growth and performance during the pre-laying period.
Implications
The results of this study will contribute to decreasing P excretion by poultry and reducing the potential environmental impact with land application of manure.
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Study on the morphological and metabolic changes of femur in laying hens with hypophosphatemia. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:127-136. [PMID: 33360573 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Layer fatigue syndrome caused by the lack of calcium and phosphorus can cause fracture in laying hens. The effect of phosphorus deficiency on the femur of laying hens with layer fatigue syndrome has not been studied. In this study, sixty 22-week-old Roman white layers were randomly divided into control group (group C) and low phosphorus group (group P), 30 individuals in each group. The available phosphorus content of group P was 0.18%. At the age of 26, 30 and 34 weeks, the production performance, biomechanical index, protein expression, histopathological change of femur and serological index were detected. The results showed that the laying rate, egg quality and body weight of laying hens, bone density, cortical bone thickness, rigidity, flexural modulus, flexural rigidity, the maximum load of femur and expression of osteocalcin (OCN), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (RANK) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) decreased of group P. The number of osteocytes was decreased, and the voids was increased. However, cell lacunae were not obvious. The levels of phosphorus, calcium and OCN were increased, and the content of estradiol (E2), OPG and calcitonin (CT) were decreased in serum. In conclusion, the low phosphorus diet can induce layer fatigue syndrome and affect the content of OPG and E2 in serum and the expression of OCN, OPG, RANK and RANKL in femur protein, which leads to the imbalance of bone homeostasis, the thinning of femur cortex bone and the decrease of bone density.
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Sommerfeld V, Omotoso AO, Oster M, Reyer H, Camarinha-Silva A, Hasselmann M, Huber K, Ponsuksili S, Seifert J, Stefanski V, Wimmers K, Rodehutscord M. Phytate Degradation, Transcellular Mineral Transporters, and Mineral Utilization by Two Strains of Laying Hens as Affected by Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1736. [PMID: 32987788 PMCID: PMC7598718 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laying hens require less phosphorus (P) but markedly more calcium (Ca) in their diet than broilers. These differences may cause more distinct interactions with phytate degradation and utilization of minerals in laying hens than those in broilers. The objective of the study was to characterize intestinal phytate degradation, ileal transcript copy numbers of transcellular Ca and P transporters, and mineral utilization by two laying hen strains fed with standard or reduced levels of dietary Ca and P at the laying peak. The strains showed differences regarding several traits driving Ca and P metabolism along the digestive tract. Thus, the two strains may use different mechanisms to meet their respective P demand, i.e., via effective phytate degradation and transcellular transport. Clear effects of the Ca level on myo-inositol concentrations and mineral utilization revealed the significance of this element for the measured traits. The absence of P-mediated effects confirmed the findings of several studies recommending that P concentrations used in laying hen feeds are too high. Differences were noted between individuals within one treatment. The next step would be to evaluate the data in individual birds to identify birds that better cope with a challenging diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Adewunmi Omolade Omotoso
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Martin Hasselmann
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.O.O.); (M.O.); (H.R.); (S.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (V.S.); (A.C.-S.); (M.H.); (K.H.); (J.S.); (V.S.)
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Sommerfeld V, Huber K, Bennewitz J, Camarinha-Silva A, Hasselmann M, Ponsuksili S, Seifert J, Stefanski V, Wimmers K, Rodehutscord M. Phytate degradation, myo-inositol release, and utilization of phosphorus and calcium by two strains of laying hens in five production periods. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6797-6808. [PMID: 33248595 PMCID: PMC7704748 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare 2 laying hen strains in 5 production periods regarding phytase activity, phytate (InsP6) degradation, and myo-inositol (MI) release in the digestive tract and phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) utilization. One offspring of 10 nonrelated roosters per strain (Lohmann Brown-classic (LB) or Lohmann LSL-classic (LSL)) was placed in one of 20 metabolic units in a completely randomized block design in week 8, 14, 22, 28, and 58 of life. All hens were fed the same corn and soybean meal–based diet at one time, but the diet composition was adjusted to the requirements in the respective period. For 4 consecutive days, excreta were collected quantitatively at 24-hour intervals. In week 10, 16, 24, 30, and 60, the blood plasma, digesta of crop, gizzard, jejunum, ileum, and ceca, and mucosa of the jejunum was collected. The concentration of inorganic P in the blood plasma was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P = 0.026). Plasma Ca concentrations increased with each period (P < 0.001) in both strains. In jejunum digesta, the MI concentration did not differ between strains, but InsP6 concentration was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P = 0.002) and the highest in week 30 and 60. Total phosphatase and phytase activities were higher in LB than in LSL hens (P ≤ 0.009). Period effects were also significant for these enzymes. Concentrations of some constituents of the cecal content were different between the strains. The MI concentration in the egg albumen and yolk was higher in LB than in LSL hens. Differences in InsP6- and MI-related metabolism of the 2 hen strains existed. These differences were partly dependent of the period. Especially, week 24 was a period of remarkable change of metabolism. Great differences also existed among individuals, making it worth to have a closer look at the metabolism of individuals in addition to evaluating treatment means. Further studies on metabolic, genetic, and microbiome level may help explain these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörn Bennewitz
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hasselmann
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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13
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Fu Y, Wang Y, Niu D, Tang B, Mao Y, Tong X, Dai H, Liu X, Li C, Sun X, Gong Z, Li X, Huang Y, Xue W. 3-(4-methoxyl)-1-(2-(4-coumarin)prop)-2-en-1-one inhibits the differentiation of Gaoyou duck embryonic osteoclasts in vitro. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1854-1860. [PMID: 30590735 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the influence of 3-(4-methoxyl)-1-(2-(4-coumarin)prop)-2-en-1-one (MCPEO) on the differentiation of Gaoyou duck embryo osteoclasts cultured in vitro. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) were harvested from 23-day-old Gaoyou duck embryos and induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the presence of MCPEO at different concentrations (i.e., 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM). Cell viability measurement, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, resorption activity assay, and co-staining with Tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC)-conjugated phalloidin and Hoechst 33,258 were conducted. Results indicated that MCPEO influenced the cell viability of the M-CSF + RANKL-induced BM-MNCs in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced the formation of positive multinucleated cells, and restrained the resorption capability of osteoclasts. Microfilament and nuclear staining indicated that MCPEO restricted the differentiation of BM-MNCs into large multinucleated osteoclasts. In short, MCPEO can inhibit the differentiation of BM-MNCs into mature osteoclasts in duck embryos. Therefore, MCPEO is a promising agent for the treatment of poultry osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi North Campus, Guiyang, CN 550025, China
| | - Dequn Niu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 220 Hongye Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Baoding Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, CN 225009, China
| | - Honggang Dai
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Fengyang County, Yiwen Road, Chuzhou, Anhui, CN 233100, China
| | - Xianfu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Xuemin Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Yinjiu Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Anhui, Bengbu, CN 233030, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi North Campus, Guiyang, CN 550025, China
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