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Chen Z, Wang G, Wang W, Wang X, Huang Y, Jia J, Gao Q, Xu H, He L, Xu Y, Liu Z, Sun J, Li C. Relationship between jejunum ATPase activity and antioxidant function on the growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and jejunum microbiota in Hu sheep (Ovis aries). BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:242. [PMID: 38831422 PMCID: PMC11149274 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATPase activity and the antioxidant function of intestinal tissue can reflect intestinal cell metabolic activity and oxidative damage, which might be related to intestinal function. However, the specific influence of intestinal ATPase activity and antioxidant function on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and the intestinal microbiota in sheep remains unclear. RESULTS This study analyzed the correlation between ATPase activity and antioxidant function in the jejunum of 92 Hu sheep and their growth performance and feed conversion efficiency. Additionally, individuals with the highest (H group) and lowest (L group) jejunum MDA content and Na+ K+-ATPase activity were further screened, and the effects of jejunum ATPase activity and MDA content on the morphology and microbial community of sheep intestines were analyzed. There was a significant correlation between jejunum ATPase and SOD activity and the initial weight of Hu sheep (P < 0.01). The H-MDA group exhibited significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 80 days old and higher body weight (BW) after 80 days. ATPase and SOD activities, and MDA levels correlated significantly and positively with heart weight. The jejunum crypt depth and circular muscle thickness in the H-ATP group were significantly higher than in the L-ATP group, and the villus length, crypt depth, and longitudinal muscle thickness in the H-MDA group were significantly higher than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.01). High ATPase activity and MDA content significantly reduced the jejunum microbial diversity, as indicated by the Chao1 index and observed species, and affected the relative abundance of specific taxa. Among species, the relative abundance of Olsenella umbonata was significantly higher in the H-MDA group than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.05), while Methanobrevibacter ruminantium abundance was significantly lower than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.05). In vitro culture experiments confirmed that MDA promoted the proliferation of Olsenella umbonata. Thus, ATPase and SOD activities in the jejunum tissues of Hu sheep are predominantly influenced by congenital factors, and lambs with higher birth weights exhibit lower Na+ K+-ATPase, Ca2+ Mg2+-ATPase, and SOD activities. CONCLUSIONS The ATPase activity and antioxidant performance of intestinal tissue are closely related to growth performance, heart development, and intestinal tissue morphology. High ATPase activity and MDA content reduced the microbial diversity of intestinal tissue and affect the relative abundance of specific taxa, representing a potential interaction between the host and its intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730020, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yongliang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jiale Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Qihao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jinlin Sun
- Gansu Runmu Bio-Engineering Co.,LTD, Yongchang, Gansu, 737200, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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Elokil A, Li S, Chen W, Farid O, Abouelezz K, Zohair K, Nassar F, El-Komy E, Farag S, Elattrouny M. Ethoxyquin attenuates enteric oxidative stress and inflammation by promoting cytokine expressions and symbiotic microbiota in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103761. [PMID: 38692088 PMCID: PMC11070915 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal oxidative stress in broilers is produced by chronic heat stress (HS) and has a negative impact on poultry performance as it induces intestinal inflammation and promotes the invasion of gram-negative bacteria, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, dietary inclusion of the antioxidant compound, ethoxyquin (EQ), could improve enteric antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier, and maintain the symbiotic gut microbiota community. To investigate the effects of EQ supplementation on alleviating enteric oxidative stress in heat-stressed broilers, 200 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 50 chicks/group; n = 10 chicks/replicate) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CT), 50 (EQ-50), 100 (EQ-100), and 200 (EQ-200) mg EQ/ kg-1 for 5 wk. The chicks were raised in floor pens inside the broiler farm at a temperature and humidity index (THI) of 29 from d 21 to d 35. Growth performance traits, relative organ index, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, serum immunity, total adenylate, and cytokine activities were improved in the EQ-50 group (linear or quadratic P < 0.05), promoting the relative mRNA expression of cytokine gene-related anti-inflammatory and growth factors. A distinct microbial community colonised the gut microbiota in the EQ-50 group, with a high relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Pediococcus, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium compared to the other groups. Dietary supplementation with 50 mg EQ/ kg-1 for 5 wk attenuates enteric oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation by enhancing serum immune and cytokine content (IgG, IL-6, and TGF-β,) and symbiotic microbiota in heat-stressed broilers. EQ promotes the expression of Hsp70, SOD2, GPx 4, IL-6, and IGF-1 cytokine gene-related anti-inflammatory and growth factors in heat-stressed hepatic broilers. Collectively, EQ-50 could be a suitable feed supplement for attenuating enteric oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, thereby promoting the productivity of heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmotaleb Elokil
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Shijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Omar Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12553, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abouelezz
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Khairy Zohair
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Farid Nassar
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Esteftah El-Komy
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Soha Farag
- Department of animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elattrouny
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
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Xin Q, Jiao H, Wang X, Zhao J, Liu M, Li H, Zhou Y, Lin H. Effect of energy level of pullet diet and age on laying performance and expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal related genes in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103873. [PMID: 38833747 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary energy density influences feed intake (FI) and development of layer-type pullets. A total of 384 nine-wk-old Hy-Line Brown pullets were randomly assigned to one of 3 dietary treatments: fed a diet with 2,600, 2,750, and 2,900 Kcal metabolizable energy/kg (ME/kg) from 10 to 21 wk of age. The results showed that the 2,900 and 2,600 ME groups had lower feed and ME intake (P < 0.01) from 10 to 21 wk of age. The 2,600 ME pullets had heavier body weight (BW) and longer shank length (P < 0.05) at 21 wk of age than the 2,750 ME group. The eggshell percentage was increased by the 2,600 and 2,900 kcal/kg treatments (P = 0.002). Serum concentration of 17-β-estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) decreased at 70 wk of age (P < 0.05). Pullet diet and its interaction with age had a significant influence (P < 0.001) on the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH-1) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in the hypothalamus and of gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 receptor (GnRH-1R) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR) in the pituitary. In the hypothalamus, GnRH-1 expression increased from 9 to 40 wk of age and then decreased; however, GnIH expression was highest at 70 wk of age. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression increased (P < 0.001) at wk 40 and decreased at wk 70 compared to wk 21 at various follicular stages. In conclusion, the energy level of pullet diet had no unfavorable influence on feed intake, laying rate, egg mass, and FCR, whereas change egg weight and mortality during the laying period from 21 to 70 wk of age. during the laying period. These results suggest that pullet dietary energy can activate the expression of genes related to reproduction in the hypothalamus, whereas it plays a minor role in the regulation of genes in the pituitary and ovary. Age-induced gene expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is associated with laying performance in hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China.
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Du X, Zhao D, Pian H, Li Y, Wu X, Liu F, Yu D. Effects of puerarin as a feed additive on the laying performance, egg quality, endocrine hormones, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103420. [PMID: 38518669 PMCID: PMC10973177 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of puerarin (Pue), a phytoestrogen, on the production performance, egg quality, endocrine hormones, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology in aged laying hens. A total of 180 Hy-Line Brown hens aged 480 d were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 45 per group) and fed 0, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of Pue (Con, L-Pue, M-Pue, and H-Pue, respectively) during a 42-d experiment. Compared with the Con treatment, supplementation with H-Pue improved laying performance and egg quality by significantly increasing egg production, average egg weight, albumen height, yolk weight, and Haugh unit (P < 0.05) while decreasing the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). A diet supplemented with H-Pue significantly decreasing serum total triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.05), and significantly increasing serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone (P < 0.05). Antioxidant activity was improved by significantly increasing the activity of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and catalase but decreasing malondialdehyde levels in serum, jejunum, and ileum (P < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase activity exhibited a significantly increase in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). Villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05) were significantly increased in the jejunum and ileum. In the jejunal and ileal mucosa, the three treatment groups increased the mRNA expression levels of Claudin-1 and Claudin-2 compared with Con (P < 0.05), and no significant effect was observed on the expression of Occludin and ZO-1. The results showed that dietary supplementation with Pue could improve the laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, hormonal profile, and intestinal morphology of aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Du
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing, Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Animal Medical, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Huifang Pian
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing, Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Klünemann M, Romero LF, Acman M, Milfort MC, Fuller AL, Rekaya R, Aggrey SE, Payling LM, Lemme A. Multitissue transcriptomics demonstrates the systemic physiology of methionine deficiency in broiler chickens. Animal 2024; 18:101143. [PMID: 38640782 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) supplementation is common practice in broilers to support nutrition, yet there are gaps in the understanding of its role in systemic physiology. Furthermore, several different Met sources are available that may have different physiological effects. This study evaluated the mode of action of Met deficiency (no Met-supplementation) and supplementation (0.25% DL- or L-Met, 0.41% liquid methionine hydroxy analog-free acid (MHA-FA)), and of Met source (DL-, L- or MHA-FA) in broiler chickens, via host transcriptomics. Biological pathway activation modeling was performed to predict the likely phenotypic effects of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tissue samples from the jejunum, liver and breast obtained at 10, 21 and 34/35 d of age from three experiments in a combined analysis. Animal performance data showed that Met deficiency reduced BW, daily BW gain, daily feed intake, and breast yield, and increased feed conversion ratio in all experiments (P < 0.05). Effects of Met deficiency on gene expression were least evident in the jejunum and most evident in the liver and breast, as evidenced by the number of DEG and activated pathways. Activated pathways suggested Met deficiency was associated with inhibited protein turnover, gut barrier integrity, and adaptive immunity functions in the jejunum, that predicted reduced breast yield. There was an interaction with age; in Met-deficient birds, there were 333 DEGs in the jejunum of starter vs finisher birds suggesting young birds were more sensitive to Met deficiency than older birds. In the liver, Met deficiency activated pathways associated with lipid turnover, amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and the immune system, whereas in breast, it activated pathways involved in metabolic regulation, hemostasis, the neuronal system, and oxidative stress, again predicting a negative impact on breast yield. In the starter phase, supplementation with DL-Met compared to MHA-FA inhibited gamma-aminobutyric acid activity and oxidative stress in breast tissue. When data from all tissues were integrated, increased expression of a liver gene (ENSGALG00000042797) was found to be correlated with the expression of several genes that best explained variation due to the Met deficiency in jejunum and breast muscle. Some of these genes were involved in anti-oxidant systems. Overall, the findings indicate that impaired growth performance due to Met deficiency results from an array of tissue-specific molecular mechanisms in which oxidative stress plays a key systemic role. Young birds are more sensitive to Met-deficiency and DL-Met was a preferential source of Met than L- or MHA-FA during the starter phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klünemann
- Animal Nutrition Research, Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau Germany
| | | | | | - M C Milfort
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - A L Fuller
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - R Rekaya
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - S E Aggrey
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | | | - A Lemme
- Animal Nutrition Research, Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau Germany.
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Apalowo OO, Minor RC, Adetunji AO, Ekunseitan DA, Fasina YO. Effect of Ginger Root Extract on Intestinal Oxidative Status and Mucosal Morphometrics in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1084. [PMID: 38612323 PMCID: PMC11011088 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effect of ginger root extract (GRE) supplementation on the oxidative status and intestinal mucosal development in broiler chickens for 6 weeks. Day-old chicks (Ross 708 strain, n = 432) were distributed into six treatments with six replicate of twelve birds each: Negative CON (basal), MX (basal diet + bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) 0.055 g/kg diet), GRE-1 (basal diet + 0.375% GRE), GRE-2 (basal diet + 0.75% GRE), GRE-3 (basal diet + 1.5% GRE), GRE-4 (basal diet + 3% GRE). Growth indices, goblets cell count, mucin (MUC2) in ileum tissue, antioxidant (SOD, CAT, and GPX) in ileum and liver, biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and reactive oxygen metabolite level in blood and intestinal villi measurement were determined. Body weight (BW) was highest (p < 0.05) in all groups except GRE-4, body weight gain (BWG) was best in GRE-1, while FCR was least in all groups except GRE-4. Optimum MUC2 gene expression, SOD, CAT, blood antioxidants, and intestinal morphometric values were observed in GRE-3. The inclusion of ginger root extract up to 1.5% improved growth and reduced oxidative stress while enhancing mucosal development in broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabunmi O. Apalowo
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
| | - Radiah C. Minor
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
| | - Adedeji O. Adetunji
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Deji A. Ekunseitan
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
| | - Yewande O. Fasina
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (O.O.A.); (R.C.M.)
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Jia L, Hsu CY, Zhang X, Li X, Schilling MW, Peebles ED, Kiess AS, Wamsley KGS, Zhang L. Changes in gene expression in the intestinal mucus of broilers with woody breast myopathy. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103398. [PMID: 38194832 PMCID: PMC10792639 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that dietary treatments affect woody breast (WB) incidence differently, which indicates that gut conditions such as gut barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative stress are likely related to WB. In this study, dietary supplementation with antibiotics (bacitracin) or probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) was investigated for their effects on the expression of transcripts related to gut barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the mucus lining of the jejunum from broilers with or without WB. A split-plot experimental design was used in this study. The dietary treatments served as the main plot factor and the breast muscle condition was the subplot factor. On d 41, jejunum mucus was collected from 1 bird from each of 3 replicate pens in each 3 dietary treatment groups that exhibited WB and an additional bird that contained a normal breast (3 biological replicates/treatment/phenotype; 3 × 3 × 2, total N = 18). Total RNA was extracted using a commercial RNA extraction kit. The expression levels of CLDN1, MUC6, TLR2A, TLR2B, TLR4, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8L1, IL-10, NOS2, and SOD were determined using 2-step RT-qPCR analysis. The gene expression difference in ΔCt values was determined after normalizing with the chicken 18S rRNA gene. When the significant differences occurred between treatments, the relative fold change was calculated using the ΔΔCt method and the significance level was calculated. The PROC GLM procedure of SAS 9.4 was used, and the level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. There were no significant interactive effects between diet and the breast muscle condition on the expression of any of the genes tested. However, birds with WB exhibited higher MUC6 (P < 0.0001) gene expression levels than birds with normal breast muscles. In addition, the expression of SOD decreased in birds that were fed the antibiotic diet when compared to birds that were fed the probiotic diet (P = 0.014). In conclusion, WB identified in broilers tested in the current study is attributed to increased expression of mucin, indicating a correlation between WB incidence and gel-forming mucin secretion and pathogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Jia
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - M Wes Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - E David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kelley G S Wamsley
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Lugata JK, Ndunguru SF, Reda GK, Ozsváth XE, Angyal E, Czeglédi L, Gulyás G, Knop R, Oláh J, Mészár Z, Varga R, Csernus B, Szabó C. Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:218-230. [PMID: 38362512 PMCID: PMC10867599 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-SL layer hybrid (TSL) - commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed (HPC) - a native genotype, were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs (NoIn); 2) saline-injected (SaIn); 3) DL-Met injected (DLM); and 4) L-Met injected (LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area (P < 0.05) compared to the control. The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione content (GSH), glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha (GST3), occludin (OCLN) gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group (P < 0.05). The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene, tricellulin (MD2), occludin (OCLN), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Lugata
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sawadi F. Ndunguru
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gebrehaweria K. Reda
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Xénia E. Ozsváth
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Angyal
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gulyás
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Knop
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Oláh
- Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mészár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rita Varga
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Csernus
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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9
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Ciszewski A, Jarosz ŁS, Michalak K, Marek A, Grądzki Z, Wawrzykowski J, Szymczak B, Rysiak A. Proteome and Peptidome Changes and Zn Concentration in Chicken after In Ovo Stimulation with a Multi-Strain Probiotic and Zn-Gly Chelate: Preliminary Research. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1259-1280. [PMID: 38392198 PMCID: PMC10888147 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine differences in the proteome and peptidome and zinc concentrations in the serum and tissues of chickens supplemented with a multi-strain probiotic and/or zinc glycine chelate in ovo. A total of 1400 fertilized broiler eggs (Ross × Ross 708) were divided into four groups: a control and experimental groups injected with a multi-strain probiotic, with zinc glycine chelate, and with the multi-strain probiotic and zinc glycine chelate. The proteome and peptidome were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS, and the zinc concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. We showed that in ovo supplementation with zinc glycine chelate increased the Zn concentration in the serum and yolk sac at 12 h post-hatch. The results of SDS-PAGE and western blot confirmed the presence of Cu/Zn SOD in the liver and in the small and large intestines at 12 h and at 7 days after hatching in all groups. Analysis of the MALDI-TOF MS spectra of chicken tissues showed in all experimental groups the expression of proteins and peptides that regulate immune response, metabolic processes, growth, development, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciszewski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz S Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Grądzki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szymczak
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Botany, Mycology, and Ecology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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10
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Sangeet S, Khan A. An in-silico approach to identify bioactive phytochemicals from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. As potential inhibitors of human glutathione reductase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-20. [PMID: 38109166 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2294181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellular infections are central to the etiology of various diseases, notably cancer and malaria. Counteracting cellular oxidative stress via the inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Houttuynia cordata, a medicinal plant known for its potent antioxidant properties, has been the focus of our investigation. In this study, we conducted comprehensive in silico analyses involving the phytochemical constituents of H. cordata to identify potential natural GR inhibitors. Our methodological approach encompassed multiple in silico techniques, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, MMPBSA analysis, and dynamic cross-correlation analysis. Out of 13 docked phytochemicals, Quercetin, Quercitrin, and Sesamin emerged as particularly noteworthy due to their exceptional binding affinities for GR. Notably, our investigation demonstrated that Quercetin and Sesamin exhibited promising outcomes compared to the well-established pharmaceutical agent N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Molecular dynamics analyses provided insights into the ability of these phytochemicals to induce structural compaction and stabilization of the GR protein, as evidenced by changes in radius of gyration and solvent-accessible surface area. Moreover, MMPBSA analysis highlighted the crucial roles of specific residues, namely Gly27, Gly28, Ser51, His52, and Val61, in mediating essential interactions with these phytochemicals. Furthermore, an assessment of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADME-Tox) profiles underscored the favourable drug-like attributes of these phytochemicals. Thus, the current findings underscore the immense potential of Houttuynia cordata phytochemicals as potent antioxidants with the capacity to combat a spectrum of maladies, including malaria and cancer. This study not only unveils novel therapeutic avenues but also underscores the distinctive outcomes and paramount significance of harnessing H. cordata phytochemicals for their efficacious antioxidant properties.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Sangeet
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
- CompObelisk, Mirzapur, India
| | - Arshad Khan
- CompObelisk, Mirzapur, India
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, India
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11
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Yilmaz E, Gul M. Effects of dietary supplementation of cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil on expression of genes related to antioxidant, apoptosis, detoxification, and heat shock mechanism in heat-stressed broiler chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2766-2777. [PMID: 36052972 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2117183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of cumin essential oil (CEO) supplementation on levels of certain gene expression related to antioxidant, apoptotic, detoxific, and heat shock mechanisms in the breast meat and ileum of heat-stressed broilers. The study was conducted on a 2 × 6 factorial design (heat stress + feed additive) on 600 day-old male broiler chicks for a period of 42 days. From day 7 to 42, although broilers in heat stress groups (HT) were exposed to constant chronic heat stress (36 °C), others were housed at thermoneutral ambient temperature (TN). The chicks in both conditions were fed with 6 experimental diets: C0 (basal diet with no additive), ANTIB (basal diet + 100 mg/kg chloramphenicol), VITE (basal diet + 50 IU α-tocopherol), C2 (basal diet + 200 mg/kg CEO), C4 (basal diet + 400 mg/kg CEO), C6 (basal diet+ 600 mg/kg CEO). The results showed that heat stress upregulated (except for Bcl-2) the genes related to antioxidant, apoptosis, detoxification, and heat shock mechanism. However, cumin essential oil increased the dose-dependently positive effect on certain genes in tissues of the heat-stressed broilers and downregulated (except for Bcl-2) these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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12
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Ding Y, Wang T, Ma Y, Huang J, He S, Qu Q, Sun F, Lv W, Guo S. Effects of Perilla Seed Meal on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism of Wenchang Breeder Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3587. [PMID: 38003204 PMCID: PMC10668772 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding perilla seed meal (PSM) to the diet on reproductive performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acids, antioxidant capacity and liver lipid metabolism in breeding hens. A total of 192 31-week-old yellow-feathered hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 8 birds for 8 weeks. The chickens were fed a typical corn-soybean meal diet containing 0% (control), 0.3%, 0.6%, and 1% PSM. The results showed that PSM can change the productivity of laying hens. Adding 0.6% PSM to the feed reduced the mortality rate of chickens. Adding 1% PSM improved the fertilization rate and hatching rate of chickens. Regarding egg quality, the albumen height and Haugh unit were improved in the 0.6% PSM group. The content of MUFAs and PUFAs in the egg yolk was increased in all the PSM groups, while SFAs were only increased in the 0.6% PSM group. Among the indicators related to lipid metabolism, serum GLU decreased in all the PSM groups. The 0.6% PSM group had a reduction in serum and liver TG, as well as reductions in serum LDL-C and ALT. The same results were observed for the abdominal fat percentage in the 0.6% PSM group. Liver lipid metabolism-associated gene expression of FAS and LXRα was decreased in all the PSM groups, and the mRNA expression of ACC and SREBP-1c was significantly reduced in the 0.6% PSM group. HE staining showed that the vacuoles in the liver tissue gradually decreased with increasing PSM doses, especially the 1% PSM dose. Lipid droplets with a similar trend were observed using Oil Red O staining. In the results of the antioxidant capacity test, the serum T-AOC was increased in the 0.6% and 1% PSM groups, and the SOD in both the serum and liver was significantly increased in all the PSM groups. The expression of antioxidant-related genes such as Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1, CAT and GSH-Px was significantly upregulated in the 1% PSM group. In conclusion, the PSM diet improved the lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of breeding hens. PSM reduces mortality and improves fertilization and hatchability in the late laying period of chickens, resulting in greater benefits. We recommend adding 0.6% PSM to layer feed, which improves the physical condition of the hens and brings higher economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Mengjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Yiqing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Tianze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Yimu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Jieyi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Shiqi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
| | - Fenggang Sun
- Guangdong Weilai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Nature Medicine, Guangzhou 510642, China
- International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.D.); (T.W.); (Y.M.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (Q.Q.)
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Nature Medicine, Guangzhou 510642, China
- International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou 510642, China
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13
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Izuddin WI, Loh TC, Nayan N, Akit H, Foo HL, Noor AM. Antioxidant Enzyme System Modulation by Dietary Palm Oils, Palm Kernel Oil and Soybean Oil in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2245. [PMID: 37508023 PMCID: PMC10376218 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Palm-based oils (palm oil and kernel oil) and soybean oil have unique fatty acid and antioxidant profiles based on the compounds present in them. Hence, this study elucidated the antioxidant properties of crude palm oil (CPO), red palm oil (RPO), refined palm oil (RBD), palm kernel oil (PKO) and soybean oil (SBO) and the influence of dietary oils on blood lipid profiles, tissue fatty acid deposition and the expression of hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism genes in laying hens. The oils were analyzed for color, beta-carotene, free fatty acid and acid value, phenolic content and lipid peroxidation. In an in vivo trial, 150 laying hens were allotted into five groups and supplemented with either CPO, RPO, RBD, PKO or SBO for 16 weeks. High antioxidant compounds present in palm oils help reduce the oxidation of oils. Dietary supplementation with palm oils, particularly CPO and RPO, contributed to the lower liver, serum and jejunal mucosal antioxidant enzyme activities. The antioxidant enzyme genes in the jejunal mucosa were downregulated in palm oils and PKO, but there was no difference between oils in antioxidant enzyme genes in the liver. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with oils with high antioxidant content contributed to protection against oxidation and was associated with a lower requirement for producing antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ibrahim Izuddin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Nayan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ahmadilfitri Md Noor
- Sime Darby Plantation Research Sdn Bhd, R&D Centre-Carey Island, Lot 2664, Jalan Pulau Carey, Carey Island 42960, Malaysia
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14
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Miao S, Li Y, Mu T, Wang X, Zhao W, Li R, Dong X, Zou X. Dietary Coated Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation via Enhancing Antioxidative Function in Post-Peaking Laying Hens. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050650. [PMID: 37233691 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the aging process of laying hens, hepatic oxidative stress damage and lipid accumulation are prone to occur, leading to the deterioration of egg quality and a decline in production properties. This research was designed to explore the effects of different levels of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) addition on oxidation resistance, inflammatory reaction, lipid metabolism and hepatic oxidative damage-related gene expression in aged laying hens. A total of 720 healthy 52 weeks old Huafeng laying hens were arbitrarily divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates with 24 birds each and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg CSB for 8 weeks, respectively. The CSB quadratically upgraded GSH-Px activities and downgraded MDA content in the liver and serum. The LDL-C, NEFA and TG contents decreased quadratically in CSB groups and significantly reduced the fatty vacuoles as well as the formation of fat granules in the liver (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the CSB quadratically upregulated the gene expression of IL-10, Nrf2 and HO1, but downregulated the gene expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and Keap1 in a quadratic manner (p < 0.05). Moreover, the CSB quadratically degraded the mRNA level of fatty acid synthesis but increased the gene level of key enzymes of fatty acid catabolism (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary CSB supplementation has a favorable effect in protecting against liver injury and alleviating lipid accumulation and inflammation by enhancing hepatic antioxidative function in aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianming Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Mechanistic Approaches to the Application of Nano-Zinc in the Poultry and Biomedical Industries: A Comprehensive Review of Future Perspectives and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031064. [PMID: 36770731 PMCID: PMC9921179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-fortification is a new, viable, cost-effective, and long-term method of administering crucial minerals to a populace with limited exposure to diversified foods and other nutritional regimens. Nanotechnology entities aid in the improvement of traditional nutraceutical absorption, digestibility, and bio-availability. Nano-applications are employed in poultry systems utilizing readily accessible instruments and processes that have no negative impact on animal health and welfare. Nanotechnology is a sophisticated innovation in the realm of biomedical engineering that is used to diagnose and cure various poultry ailments. In the 21st century, zinc nanoparticles had received a lot of considerable interest due to their unusual features. ZnO NPs exhibit antibacterial properties; however, the qualities of nanoparticles (NPs) vary with their size and structure, rendering them adaptable to diverse uses. ZnO NPs have shown remarkable promise in bio-imaging and drug delivery due to their high bio-compatibility. The green synthesized nanoparticles have robust biological activities and are used in a variety of biological applications across industries. The current review also discusses the formulation and recent advancements of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their anti-cancerous activities, activities in wound healing, and drug delivery, followed by a detailed discussion of their mechanisms of action.
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16
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Sun L, Xin Q, Jiao H, Wang X, Zhao J, Li H, Zhou Y, Cao A, Wang J, Lin H. Effect of exogenous bile salts supplementation on the performance and hepatic lipid metabolism of aged laying hens. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad334. [PMID: 37773415 PMCID: PMC11025372 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA), a series of hydroxylated steroids secreted by the liver, are involved in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. In the present study, the effect of exogenous BAs on the performance and liver lipid metabolism of laying hens was investigated. Three hundred and sixty 50-wk-old Hy-line Brown hens were randomly allocated into three groups and subjected to one of the following treatments: fed with the basal diet (control, Con), the basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g/kg (0.1 g/kg BAs), or 0.2 g/kg (0.2 g/kg BAs) porcine BAs. Laying performance, egg quality, and blood parameters were measured during the 8-wk experimental period. The expression of genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism was determined at the end of experiment. The results showed that BAs treatments had no influence (P > 0.05) on laying rate, egg weight, and feed efficiency. BAs treatment, however, significantly decreased mortality of hens (P = 0.006). BAs treatment showed a transient negative influence on eggshell quality at week 4 but not at week 8. The yolk color on week 8 was increased by BAs treatments (P < 0.0001) compared to control. The duodenum index showed a tendency to be increased (P = 0.053) and jejunum index were increased (P = 0.007) by BAs treatment. Compared to control, BAs treatments decreased lipid droplet content (P < 0.0001) and TG content (P = 0.002) of liver. Fatty acid synthase activity was also decreased as an effect of BAs dietary supplementation. Compared to the control group, 0.1 g/kg BAs treatment increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of genes Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) (P = 0.042), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) (P = 0.002), and cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1 (CYP8B1) (P = 0.017), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.020), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.032), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) (P = 0.037), proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (P = 0.002), apolipoprotein B (APO-B) (P = 0.020), and very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) (P = 0.024). In conclusion, the addition of exogenous BAs reduces lipid accumulation in liver. BA supplementation reduces the mortality of hens and improves egg yolk color, with no unfavorable effect on laying performance. The result suggests that suppressed FAS activity is involved in the reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by BAs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61, Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PRChina
| | - Qian Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61, Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PRChina
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61, Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PRChina
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61, Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PRChina
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61, Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PRChina
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61, Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 61, Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Aizhi Cao
- Shandong Longchang Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Jingshi Street, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250000, PR China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Longchang Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Jingshi Street, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250000, PR China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61, Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PRChina
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Safavipour S, Tabeidian SA, Toghyani M, Foroozandeh Shahraki AD, Ghalamkari G, Habibian M. Laying performance, egg quality, fertility, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, mucosal immunity, and cytokine levels in meat-type Japanese quail breeders fed different phytogenic levels. Res Vet Sci 2022; 153:74-87. [PMID: 36327622 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A total of 180 female Japanese quail breeders were allocated to 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 6 birds and fed a diet supplemented with 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) in a 9-wk experiment. Egg weight, feed efficiency, shell breaking strength and calcium content, specific gravity, Haugh unit, and percentages of fertile eggs increased with increasing PFA levels (P < 0.05). Increasing of PFA levels increased nutrient digestibility, dietary AMEn, and activities of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and intestinal digesta (P < 0.05). Supplementation of PFA reduced Escherichia coli (P < 0.05), Clostridium spp. (P < 0.05) and Salmonella spp. counts (P < 0.05), while increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. counts in the ileal and cecal contents (P < 0.05). Dietary PFA increased jejunal villus height and decreased ileal crypt depth (P < 0.05). Serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level were decreased with increase in PFA level (P < 0.05). Increasing PFA levels increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the pancreas, small intestine, and cecal tonsil, but decreased malondialdehyde contents (P < 0.05). Birds fed PFA exhibited increased levels of secretory IgA in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05), and increased the percentage of CD3+ T cells, ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and cytokine concentrations in the cecal tonsils (P < 0.05). In conclusion, PFA could improve gut health and nutrient utilization and, therefore, benefit productivity, egg quality, and fertility in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Safavipour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Tabeidian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Ghalamkari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Habibian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Xin Q, Uyanga VA, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Li H, Zhou Y, Lin H. Insulin-like growth factor-1 is involved in the deteriorated performance of aged laying hens. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac286. [PMID: 36049215 PMCID: PMC9667965 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism behind the deteriorated laying performance of aged laying hens remains unclear. In the present study, the laying performance and gene expression along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis were determined. A total of 300 healthy 90-wk-old ISA hens with similar body weights were classified into three groups according to their laying rate between 90 and 94 wk of age. The experimental groups were the low laying rate (<60%, LLR), high laying rate (>85%, HLR), and intermediate laying rate (60% < laying rate < 85%, MLR) hens. At the end of 94 wk of age, eight hens were randomly selected from each group for tissue collection. The gene expression of hormones and their receptors were determined in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and follicles. The results showed that the serum 17-β-estradiol had no significant difference among the three groups. However, the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in LLR hens was significantly decreased in the serum, small white follicles (SWF), and dominant follicles (DF, P < 0.05). Within the hypothalamus and small yellow follicles (SYF), the mRNA expression level of estrogen receptor was higher in the MLR group (P < 0.05). Compared with HLR hens, the steroid hormone-synthesis key gene, CYP19A1 was significantly decreased in the SWF of MLR-hens and DF of MLR- and LLR-hens (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of IGF1 receptor was higher in the hypothalamus, pituitary, SWF, large white follicles (LWF), SYF, and DF of LLR hens, compared to the HLR hens (P < 0.05). These results suggest that decreased IGF1 in serum and follicles was associated with the decreased egg production of aged laying hens. The present study provides novel insights into the endocrine changes in aged hens having different egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
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19
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Grape seed procyanidins improve intestinal health by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Effects of Dietary Rutin Supplementation on the Intestinal Morphology, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Microbiota of Aged Laying Hens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091843. [PMID: 36139918 PMCID: PMC9495371 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of dietary rutin supplementation on the intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and microbiota of aged laying hens. The results showed that 500 mg/kg rutin supplementation increased the villus height of jejunum (P < 0.05). Rutin affected the immune system of the ileum and the jejunum. In the jejunum, a diet with 500 mg/kg rutin supplementation enhanced secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (P < 0.05). A diet with 1000 mg/kg rutin supplementation increased jejunal sIgA, immunologlobulin M (IgM), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels while decreasing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, a diet with 500 mg/kg rutin increased sIgA, immunologlobulin G (IgG), IgM, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and reduced TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in the ileum (P < 0.05). In the ileum, a diet with 1000 mg/kg rutin supplementation raised sIgA, IgG, IgM, IL-4, and IL-10 levels while decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels (P < 0.05). At the family level, a diet with 500 mg/kg rutin supplementation raised the relative abundance of Monoglobaceae and decreased the relative abundance of Eubacteriaceae (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. In the 1000 mg/kg rutin group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Unclassified Coriobacteriale was considerably lower and the relative abundance of Monoglobaceae was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). This study showed that a diet with rutin supplementation can improve the intestinal health of aged laying hens, and the mechanism is related to improving the intestinal morphology and intestinal immune status, and regulating the intestinal microbes.
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21
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Mega OO, Edesiri TP, Victor E, Kingsley NE, Rume RA, Faith FY, Simon OI, Oghenetega BO, Agbonifo-Chijiokwu E. d-ribose- l-cysteine abrogates testicular maladaptive responses induced by polychlorinated bisphenol intoxication in rats via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway mediating inhibition of apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidonitrergic flux. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23161. [PMID: 35822628 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Male reproductive maladaptive responses are becoming a global health concern and also a social issue. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a member of halogenated aromatic environmental pollutants with diverse environmental matrices. This study was conducted to explore the mechanisms of PCBs-induced testicular maladaptive responses and the potential reversal effects of d-ribose- l-cysteine (DRLC) on testicular injury induced by administration of PCBs (2 mg/kg) for 30 days. DRLC (50 mg/kg) was administered orally for 15 days starting from Days 16 to 30 after the initial 15 days of treatment with PCB. All assays were carried out using established protocols. Administration of DRLC at 50 mg/kg after treatment with PCBs enhances body and testicular weights, gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), testosterone and poor sperm quality. DRLC also reduced testicular injury score, improved spermatogenesis scoring, reduced oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde), as well as restored the reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and decreases pro-inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and NO). More so, DRLC treatment abrogates testicular DNA fragmentation and downregulated p53 and caspase 3 activities and upregulated the concentration of autophagy-related protein (mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] and Atg7). DRLC abates testicular deficit induced by PCBs intoxicated rats via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway mediating inhibition of apoptosis, Inflammation and oxidative flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyovwi O Mega
- Department of Hunan Physiology, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Tesi P Edesiri
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Emojevwe Victor
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Nwangwan E Kingsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Rotu A Rume
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Babcock University, Illisan-Romo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Falajiki Y Faith
- Department of Hunan Physiology, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ovuakporaye I Simon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Bright O Oghenetega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Babcock University, Illisan-Romo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ejime Agbonifo-Chijiokwu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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22
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Karageçili MR, Babacanoğlu E. Influence of in-ovo vitamin E and ascorbic acid injections on chick development, hatching performance and antioxidant content in different tissues of newly-hatched quail chicks. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:840-846. [PMID: 35786116 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2094221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the influence of in ovo (IO) vitamin E and ascorbic acid injections on hatching performance, chick development, and antioxidant content of different tissues in day-old quail chicks. The experiment compared a control group (C: non-injection group) and injection groups, which had the yolk sac injected with 3.75 mg α- tocopherol (T1), or had the amniotic sac injected with 0.9% saline solution (T2), 2.5 mg ascorbic acid containing 0.9% saline solution (T3), and 2.5 mg ascorbic acid solution (T4), respectively.Mean relative asymmetry (RA) of bilateral lengths increased in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, whereas it decreased in the T1 group compared to C. The highest total carotene content in the residual yolk sac (RYS) was seen for the T1 group, which was significantly higher compared to T2, T3, and T4 groups. The highest total carotene concentration in liver was in the T1 group.The concentrations of delta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and total vitamin E in RYS tissue were significantly higher in the T1 group than T2, T3, and T4 groups. Alpha-tocopherol and total vitamin E levels in the liver were significantly higher in the T2 and T4 groups than C.In ovo injections of vitamin E and ascorbic acid to different embryonic sacs caused antioxidant-specific effects on developmental stability of bilateral traits, RYS absorption, concentrations of total carotene and derivatives of vitamin E in newly-hatched quail chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Babacanoğlu
- Department of Animal Science, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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23
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Chang HM, Loh TC, Foo HL, Lim ETC. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Postbiotics: Alternative of Antibiotic Growth Promoter to Ameliorate Gut Health in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:883324. [PMID: 35859810 PMCID: PMC9289564 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The postbiotic produced from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been revealed as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). It helps to stimulate growth performance, improve nutrient digestibility, intestinal histomorphology, immune response, and improve meat quality in livestock. However, there is a paucity of information on the effects of L. plantarum postbiotic produced by formulated media on the gut health and immune response. Therefore, this study was conducted by using three strains of dietary L. plantarum postbiotics to determine the growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, intestinal mucin production, and immune status in broiler chickens. A 245 male Cobb 500-day-old birds were assigned randomly to five treatments, namely, NC: basal diet only (negative control), OTC: basal diet + 0.01% (w/w) oxytetracycline (positive control), RG11: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RG11, RI11: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RI11, and RS5: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RS5. The body weight and feed intake were taken weekly. The small intestine and its mucus, ceca digesta were collected on days 21 and 42. Fresh excreta for crude mucin production were collected 3 days before slaughter on day 42. From the findings, RS5 recorded a significant highest (p < 0.05) final body weight, body weight gain, and significant lowest (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. The concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), acidic mucin, sulfated mucin, and intestinal trefoil factor were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the birds fed with RI11 and RS5. Postbiotics RI11 and RS5 had up-regulated expression of intestinal Mucin 2, occludin, and secretory immunoglobulin A. The antibiotic-fed chickens also showed a reduced (p < 0.05) total bacteria and Bifidobacterium population but a significantly increased (p < 0.05) the population of Escherichia coli in the jejunum. In conclusion, the supplementation of L. plantarum postbiotic can be used to substitute AGP as it promoted growth performance, mucin production, ameliorated tight junction permeability, and immune status in broiler chickens due to improved gut health and beneficial bacteria colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Teck Chwen Loh
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Hooi Ling Foo
| | - Eric Teik Chung Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Effects of mixed Eimeria challenge on performance, body composition, intestinal health, and expression of nutrient transporter genes of Hy-Line W-36 pullets (0-6 wks of age). Poult Sci 2022; 101:102083. [PMID: 36130447 PMCID: PMC9489515 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was aimed to investigate the effects of mixed Eimeria challenge on performance, gastrointestinal health, oxidative stress, inflammation, and expression of nutrient transporter genes of Hy-Line W-36 pullets. A total of 540, 16-d old pullets were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups with 6 replicate cages, including a nonchallenged control group. A mixed Eimeria species solution containing 50,000 E. maxima, 50,000 E. tenella, and 250,000 E. acervulina oocysts per mL was prepared and challenged to one group as a high-dose treatment (High). The 2-fold serial dilution was done to prepare the medium-high (Med-High: 25,000 E. maxima; 25,000 E. tenella; and 125,000 E. acervulina), the medium-low (Med-Low: 12,500 E. maxima; 12,500 E. tenella; and 62,500 E. acervulina), and the low (Low: 6,250 E. maxima; 6,250 E. tenella; and 31,250 E. acervulina) dose treatments, and these dosages were challenged to 3 remaining groups, respectively. Growth performance, daily feed intake (FI), and mortality were calculated from 0-14 d postinfection (DPI). Gastrointestinal permeability (GP) was measured on 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9 DPI. The result indicated significant linear responses to the Eimeria challenge dosage in average body weight and body weight gain (P < 0.0001). An interaction between treatment and DPI was observed for FI (P < 0.0001). Feed intake significantly dropped from 4 DPI and did not recover until 12 DPI in the challenged groups. The lowest FI for each of the challenged groups was observed on 5 DPI. Gastrointestinal permeability increased linearly, peaking at 5 DPI, and was recovered back to normal by 9 DPI in the challenged groups. Furthermore, gene expression of tight junction proteins was linearly upregulated by increased Eimeria dosages. The oxidative status of the pullets was lowered in the challenged groups than the nonchallenged control group, whereas the expression of inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines was upregulated by Eimeria challenge on 6 DPI (P < 0.05). The highest mortality was observed in pullets challenged with the High, followed by the Med-High (P < 0.0001) on 5 DPI. In summary, the mixed Eimeria challenge linearly reduced the growth performance of pullets with an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. A severe effect of Eimeria on gastrointestinal health was observed on 5 or 6 DPI as suggested by GP, tight junction genes, and mortality results. This study indicates that Eimeria infection can be a threat to gastrointestinal health related issues in pullets.
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Chlorogenic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health through autophagy-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway in oxidatively stressed broilers induced by dexamethasone. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102036. [PMID: 35901652 PMCID: PMC9326338 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and the autophagy-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in oxidatively stressed broilers were investigated. A total of 400 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were divided randomly into 4 groups using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 CGA supplemental levels (0 and 500 mg/kg) and 2 dexamethasone (DEX) challenge levels (0 and 3 mg/kg body weight). All the broilers were injected intraperitoneally with DEX or sterile saline beginning at the age of 15 d for 6 consecutive days. The experiment lasted for 21 d. The CGA increased average daily gain (ADG), villus height, villus height/crypt depth (V/C) value, and the protein expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in the ileum and decreased the feed:gain (F:G) ratio, which were impaired by the DEX challenge. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), gutathione S-transferase (GST), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activities in the serum and ileum were increased by CGA, whereas protein carboxyl (PCO) level in the serum and ileum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the ileum were decreased of the DEX challenged broilers. The DEX challenge decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 7 mRNA expressions, and the LC3-II/LC3-I value and increased LC3-I, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA expressions in the ileum, which were improved by CGA. DEX also decreased the protein expressions of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), Nrf2, HO-1, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1) and increased sequestosome 1 (p62) in the ileum, which were improved by CGA. Interactions occurred between DEX and CGA for the ADG, F:G ratio, villus height, crypt depth, V/C value, and SOD, CAT, GST, and HO-1 activities, MDA and PCO levels, LC3-II/LC3-I value, and expressions of LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin1, ATG7, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Occludin, ZO-1, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, and p62. In conclusion, CGA improved the growth performance and intestinal health of oxidatively stressed broilers by activating the autophagy-mediated Nrf2 pathway.
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Abdelhakeem F, Mohamed SA, Mohammed AK, Madkour FA. Tracking the developmental events in the duodenum of the quail embryo: Using light and electron microscope. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2965-2983. [PMID: 35557020 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study described the full morphology of the duodenum of the Japanese quail during the embryonic stage from 3rd day of incubation till hatching using the light and electron (scanning and transmission) microscope. The specimens were collected, analyzed and described anatomically, morphometrically and microscopically. The first recognition of the prospective duodenum was at the 4th day of incubation and developed continuously by age progression. The prospective duodenum consisted of a flat pseudostratified epithelium, mesenchyme and covering mesothelium. On day 8th of incubation, the epithelium developed three evaginations lead to formation three previllous ridges protruding inside the duodenal lumen, which later at the 9th day differentiated into numbers of projections; villi. On the 9th day, the epithelium lined the villi transformed into a simple columnar type, the duodenal villi appeared as pyramidal-shaped projections, had wide base and narrow apex and by age progression, the duodenal villi went through changes in number, size and shape. On hatching day, the duodenal epithelium consisted of enterocytes interspersed with secretory goblet cells, which stained positive for both Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue AB and represented filled with metachromatic granules. The muscular wall started as mesenchymal condensation on the 6th day then differentiated into the circular smooth muscle layer on the 9th day of incubation. Giving detailed information about the morphological development of the duodenum during the incubation period of quail embryo helps in reaching a satisfactory explanation about how the duodenum plays a vital role in digestion, absorption and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdelhakeem
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Salma A Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma A Madkour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Hu H, Li Y, Yang Y, Xu K, Yang L, Qiao S, Pan H. Effect of a Plateau Environment on the Oxidation State of the Heart and Liver through AMPK/p38 MAPK/Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathways in Tibetan and DLY Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1219. [PMID: 35565644 PMCID: PMC9104009 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of a plateau environment on the heart and liver oxidation state of Tibetan pigs (TPs) and DLY pigs through analyzing AMPK, p38 MAPK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Twelve 120-day-old TPs and twelve 120-day-old DLY pigs were randomly divided into two groups in a plateau environment for three weeks. Exposed to a plateau environment, TPs exhibited a lower (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde level but higher (p < 0.05) glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities in the liver and heart than those observed in DLY pigs. TPs also showed higher (p < 0.05) mRNA levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver and heart compared with those of DLY pigs. The TPs showed higher (p < 0.05) mRNA and protein levels of AMPK and Nrf2 in the liver and heart compared with those of DLY pigs. Furthermore, TPs showed higher (p < 0.05) mRNA and protein levels of p38 MAPK in the heart and higher mRNA levels of p38 MAPK in the liver compared with those of DLY pigs under a plateau environment. In summary, TPs possess a stronger antioxidant capacity in the heart and liver than that of DLY pigs in a plateau environment through AMPK/p38 MAPK/Nrf2-ARE signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Y.)
| | - Kexing Xu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China;
| | - Lijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Y.)
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Y.)
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (H.H.); (Y.L.)
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Singh V, Ahlawat S, Mohan H, Gill SS, Sharma KK. Balancing reactive oxygen species generation by rebooting gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4112-4129. [PMID: 35199405 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS; free radical form O2 •‾ , superoxide radical; OH• , hydroxyl radical; ROO• , peroxyl; RO• , alkoxyl and non-radical form 1 O2 , singlet oxygen; H2 O2 , hydrogen peroxide) are inevitable companions of aerobic life with crucial role in gut health. But, overwhelming production of ROS can cause serious damage to biomolecules. In this review, we have discussed several sources of ROS production that can be beneficial or dangerous to the human gut. Microorganisms, organelles and enzymes play crucial role in ROS generation, where, NOX1 is the main intestinal enzyme, which produce ROS in the intestine epithelial cells. Previous studies have reported that probiotics play significant role in gut homeostasis by checking the ROS generation, maintaining the antioxidant level, immune system and barrier protection. With current knowledge, we have critically analyzed the available literature and presented the outcome in the form of bubble maps to suggest the probiotics that help in controlling the ROS-specific intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. Finally, it has been concluded that rebooting of the gut microbiota with probiotics, postbiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can have crucial implications in the structuring of gut communities for the personalized management of the gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandna Singh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shruti Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Presently at SGT University, Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugr, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Song X, Wang M, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Lin H. Ghrelin is a signal to facilitate the utilization of fatty acids and save glucose by the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues in chicks. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159081. [PMID: 34856413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, classically known as a central appetite-stimulating hormone, has recently been recognized to play an important role in peripheral tissue energy metabolism. In chicken, contrary to mammal, ghrelin acts as an anorexia signal, increased by fasting and further elevated after refed. In the present study, the effect of ghrelin on glucose/lipid utilization by peripheral tissues was investigated. Injection of exogenous acyl ghrelin reduced plasma triglyceride and glucose levels of chickens at both fasting and fed status. In the in vitro cultured chicken primary hepatocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts, ghrelin suppressed glucose uptake, stimulated fatty acids uptake and oxidation, and decreased TG content. In hepatocyte, ghrelin increased the activities of LPL and HL, and upregulated the expression levels of gene ACC, CPT1, and PPARα. Ghrelin treatment markedly increased the protein level of p-ACC, PPARγ, PGC1α, and CPT1 in hepatocytes, adipocytes and myoblasts. Inhibition of AMPK activity by Compound C had no influence on glucose uptake by hepatocyte, adipocyte, and myoblast, but further amplified the stimulated fatty acid uptake of adipocyte by ghrelin. The present result demonstrates that ghrelin facilitates the uptake and oxidation of fatty acid and cut down the utilization of glucose by the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. The result suggests that ghrelin functions as a signal of fatty acid oxidation. The study provides a vital framework for understanding the intrinsic role of ghrelin as a crucial factor in the concerted regulation of metabolic substrate of hepatocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China; School of Sport Social Science, Shandong Sport University, No. 10600 Shiji Street, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Moharreri M, Vakili R, Oskoueian E, Rajabzadeh G. Phytobiotic role of essential oil-loaded microcapsules in improving the health parameters in Clostridium perfringens-infected broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1993093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moharreri
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran
| | - Reza Vakili
- Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran,(ABRII), Mashhad, Iran
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Hu X, Li X, Xiao C, Kong L, Zhu Q, Song Z. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Performance, Plasma Parameters, and Central AMPK Levels in Stressed Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681858. [PMID: 34124230 PMCID: PMC8192699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the effects of diets with different energy levels on the growth performance, plasma parameters, and central AMPK signaling pathway in broilers under dexamethasone (DEX)-induced stress. A total of 216 1-day-old male broiler chickens were allocated to groups fed with high (HED), National Research Council-recommended (control), or low (LED) energy diets. At 10 days old, chickens were treated with or without dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg body weight) for 3 consecutive days. HED increased broiler average daily gain (ADG) at 10 days old, compared with the LED (P < 0.05), while average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) decreased as the dietary energy level increased (P < 0.05). Chickens fed a HED had higher total protein (TP) content, albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). At 13 days old, DEX decreased ADG and increased FCR in broilers fed with different energy diets (P < 0.05). The DEX-HED group had a higher ADFI than non-DEX treated HED group chickens. In addition, TP, ALB, triglycerides (TG), TCHO, HDL, and LDL content levels in the DEX group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The uric acid (UA) content of the LED group was higher than that of the HED group (P < 0.05). Further, gene expression levels of liver kinase B1, AMP-activated protein kinase α1, neuropeptide Y, and GC receptor in the hypothalamus were increased in chickens treated with DEX (P < 0.05). There was a trend toward interaction between plasma TCHO and hypothalamic LKB1 expression (0.05 < P < 0.1). In conclusion, this study suggests that HED improves growth performance, plasma glucose and total cholesterol at 10 days old broilers, but had no significant effect on performance, plasma parameters, and central AMPK in stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Linglian Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qidong Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Effects of Maternal and Progeny Dietary Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Progeny Chicks before and after Egg Storage. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040998. [PMID: 33918218 PMCID: PMC8066615 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prolonged egg storage duration has been indicated to decrease the quality of hatchlings and the growth performance of offspring. Maternal nutrition plays a vital role in growth of chicks post-hatch. However, no work has been performed to evaluate whether or not maternal nutrition could improve the growth performance of offspring hatched from stored eggs. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of maternal and progeny dietary vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of offspring before and after egg storage. Our results showed that maternal dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation of 200 or 400 mg/kg could improve the growth performance and antioxidant status of offspring hatched from stored eggs, but not for that of offspring hatched from unstored eggs. These findings suggested that maternal dietary vitamin E was beneficial to improve the quality of long-term storage eggs. Abstract Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of maternal and progeny dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of offspring before and after egg storage. A total of 576 75-week-old Ross 308 breeder hens were assigned to three dietary VE treatments (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) with 6 replicates of 32 hens for 12 weeks. Two trials were conducted with offspring hatched from eggs laid at weeks 9 and 12 of breeder feeding trial, respectively. Trial 1 was conducted by a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three levels of maternal dietary VE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and two levels of progeny dietary VE (0 and 35 mg/kg). Trial 2 was conducted with three maternal dietary VE treatment (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and chicks were hatched from eggs stored for 14 d and received the same progeny diet with no addition of VE. Results showed that in trial 1, maternal (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and progeny (0 and 35 mg/kg) dietary VE supplementation did not affect the growth performance of offspring hatched from unstored eggs (p > 0.05). In trial 2, in the case of long-term egg storage, maternal dietary VE supplementation of 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the body weight (BW) of 21- and 42-d-old offspring and the body weight gain (BWG) of offspring from 1 to 21 d (p < 0.05), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of offspring from 1 to 21 d (p < 0.05) compared to 100 mg/kg VE. As the maternal dietary VE levels increased, the liver and serum antioxidant status of offspring enhanced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal dietary VE supplementation of 200 or 400 mg/kg could improve the growth performance and anti-oxidant status of offspring hatched from stored eggs, but not for that of offspring hatched from unstored eggs. The suitable VE level for the broiler breeder diet was 400 mg/kg in the case of long-term egg storage.
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Wang X, Liu Z, Zhao J, Jiao H, Lin H. Dusk feeding in laying hens is shifted by light program via involvement of clock genes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1103-1112. [PMID: 33774881 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dusk feeding is practised probably to satisfy the energy requirement during night. However, little is known on the changes with clock gene expressions during this feeding behaviour. In our present study, the linkage of clock gene expressions and feeding behaviour in dusk feeding was investigated in laying hens under two lighting programs: the conventional lighting program (Control) with a light period from 05:00 AM to 21:00 PM and a dark period from 21:00 PM to 05:00 AM; or the shifted lighting program group (SLP) with a light period from 02:00 AM to 18:00 PM and a dark period from 18:00 PM to 02:00 AM. The gene expression-related appetite and circadian rhythm were investigated in hypothalamus and proventriculus at 1, 3 and 5 h before scotophase. The results demonstrated that dusk feeding was synchronously shifted with altered lighting program, dusk feeding was observed from 5 h before scotophase in both groups. The expressions of anorexigenic gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) were downregulated (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding and changed in pace with lighting program. The expressions of clock gene period 2 (Per2) and cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) in hypothalamus were downregulated (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding and shifted by lighting program. In the proventriculus, ghrelin expression was decreased (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding by lighting program. In conclusion, the expressions of clock genes Per2 and Cry1 are linked with the downregulated expressions of anorexigenic genes, POMC and CART, and in turn the augmented feed intake at dusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - Zengmin Liu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
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Xin Q, Wang M, Jiao H, Zhao J, Li H, Wang X, Lin H. Prolonged scotophase within a 24 hour light regime improves eggshell quality by enhancing calcium deposition in laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101098. [PMID: 34051406 PMCID: PMC8165574 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) transporters are responsible for their absorption and transport in small intestine and kidney, contributing to eggshell formation. The light-dark cycle is a primary cue in the reproduction of laying hen. In this study, we investigated the effect of different light-dark programs on eggshell quality and the expression of genes related to Ca and P transportation in laying hens. Seventy-two 56-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into two groups and reared at 16-h light and 8-h dark (control) or 9-h light and 15-h dark regime (long dark phase, LDP). The expressions of calcium transporter calbindin-D28k (CaBP-D28k), plasma membrane Ca ATPase 1b (PMCA1b), and phosphorus transporter NaPi-IIb (NPt2b) and NaPi-IIa (NPt2a) were measured in the small intestine, kidney, and eggshell gland. The results showed that feed intake (P < 0.001) and egg weight (P = 0.05) were decreased by LDP treatment. Compared with control, the eggshell hardness was increased (P = 0.011) by LDP treatment, but the eggshell thickness and the percentage of eggshell were not changed. The Ca and P contents in eggshell were increased by LDP treatment. During the scotophase, LDP-hens showed higher serum Ca (P = 0.0056) and P levels (P = 0.079) but lower alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than that of control hens. In the duodenum, the relative higher expression of CaBP-D28k and PMCA1b in scotophase compared to photophase was masked by LDP treatment. The expression of CaBP-D28k and osteopontin (OPN) in the eggshell gland were increased by LDP treatment, compared to control hens. In the jejunum, the protein expression levels of CaBP-D28k and PMCA1b decreased during photophase in LDP-hens. The result indicates that the increased blood Ca and P concentration during scotophase by LPD treatment is beneficial to the deposition of Ca and P in the eggshell. The result offers an alternative strategy for managing laying hens with poor eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xin
- College of Animal Science and Techonology, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Techonology, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Techonology, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Techonology, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Techonology, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Techonology, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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Babacanoğlu E, Güller U. Daily oxygen supplementation to the incubator at different stages of embryonic development alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the lung tissue of broiler chicks at a high altitude. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:459-465. [PMID: 33325752 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1864809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. Pulmonary hypertension, associated with mitochondrial function in the lung tissue of broilers, can occur at hypoxic high altitudes. The present research examined the impacts of O2 supplementation at different embryonic stages on broiler organ development and antioxidant enzyme activities.2. In total, 360 eggs from Ross 308 broiler breeders at sea level were divided into a control group (O2 non-supplementation group) and three experimental groups daily 1 h 23.5% O2 supplementation from days 0 to 11 (O0-11), from days 12 to 21 (O12-21), and from days 18 to 21 (O18-21) of embryonic age.3. The lung, heart, right ventricular (RV), and left ventricular (LV) + septum of newly hatched and seven day old chicks from every group were dissected and weighed. Antioxidant enzyme activities were examined in their lung tissue.4. The lung weight did not change in any group. At hatching, the heart weight (g and %) was higher in the O12-21 and O18-21 groups than in the O0-11 and control groups, but the relative heart weight was the highest in the O18-21 group in comparison with the O12-21 group.5. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in all experimental groups at both ages, but glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased only in seven day old chicks. Catalase (CAT) exhibited high activity in the O12-21 and O18-21 groups at hatching. In the seven day old chicks, while the CAT activity did not change in the O18-21 group, it decreased in the O0-11 group and increased in the O12-21 group.6. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity did not change in the O18-21 group, but GR exhibited low activity in the O0-11 group and high activity in the O18-21 group in newly hatched chicks. The GR activity only decreased in the O18-21 group of seven day old chicks.7. The results indicated that oxygen supplementation to the incubator caused alterations in the antioxidant enzyme activities in the lungs of broiler chicks, and this may have been in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Babacanoğlu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Van Yüzüncü Yıl, Van, Turkey
| | - U Güller
- Iğdır University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Iğdır, Turkey
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Zhang JM, Liu XY, Gu W, Xu HY, Jiao HC, Zhao JP, Wang XJ, Li HF, Lin H. Different effects of probiotics and antibiotics on the composition of microbiota, SCFAs concentrations and FFAR2/3 mRNA expression in broiler chickens. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:913-924. [PMID: 33263216 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of probiotics and antibiotics on microbial composition, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration and free fatty acid receptor 2/3 (FFAR2/3) expression in boiler chickens. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 150 1-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated into three groups, control (CON) group, probiotics (PB) group and antibiotics (ATB) group. Results indicated that PB improved the average body weight from 1 to 21 days and feed intake from 21 to 42 days (P < 0·05), while ATB improved the feed efficiency from 1 to 42 days (P < 0·05). Based on 16s rRNA sequencing, PB treatment increased the amount of kingdom bacteria, and the relative abundance of the main bacteria including acetate and butyrate producing bacteria of phylum Firmicutes, family Ruminococcaceae and genus Faecalibacterium. ATB treatment also increased the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, family Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, however, it introduced some pathogenic bacteria, such as bacteria of family Rikenellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assay revealed that PB increased acetate and butyrate concentrations at both 21 and 42 days, and propionate at 42 days in the colorectum. Moreover qRT-PCR analysis showed PB treatment significantly activated the FFAR2/3 mRNA expressions. On the contrast, ATB treatment lowered the colorectal propionate at 21 days, and decreased acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations at 42 days, accompanied with decreased FFAR2/3 mRNA expressions. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the CON birds, an enriched SCFAs producing bacteria with higher SCFAs contents and activated FFAR2/3 expressions are prominent features of PB birds. However, antibiotics treatment plays the reverse effect compared to PB treatment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study brings a significant idea that less SCFAs concentration may be another reason why the antibiotics inhibit the immune system development and immunity of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Biological Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological agents, Shandong Baolai-leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - X-Y Liu
- Shandong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Ji Nan, China
| | - W Gu
- Biological Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological agents, Shandong Baolai-leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - H-Y Xu
- Biological Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological agents, Shandong Baolai-leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - H-C Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - J-P Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - X-J Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - H-F Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - H Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Xia WH, Wang L, Niu XD, Wang JH, Wang YM, Li QL, Wang ZY. Supplementation with beta-1,3-glucan improves productivity, immunity and antioxidative status in transition Holstein cows. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:120-126. [PMID: 33360572 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows undergo dramatic physiological changes during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation, which make them vulnerable to metabolic stress and immune dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a commercial beta-1,3-glucan product (Aleta™, containing 50% beta-1,3-glucan) on productivity, immunity and antioxidative status in transition cows. Fifty-four multiparous Holstein cows received a control diet or a diet supplemented with 5 or 10 g of beta-1,3-glucan per cow per day from 21 days before expected calving to 21 days after parturition. Blood samples were collected at day -21, 1, and 21 relative to calving. Colostrum and milk were collected at day 1 and 21 after calving, respectively. Data showed that supplementation with beta-1,3-glucan had no effect on milk composition, but increased milk production. Beta-1,3-glucan treatment also improved the milk quality, as shown by reduced milk somatic cell count and increased immunoglobulin levels in colostrum. Notably, beta-1,3-glucan markedly reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein, while elevated serum immunoglobulin levels, indicating its immunity enhancement in transition cows. Moreover, beta-1,3-glucan addition reduced the serum malondialdehyde level and enhanced the activities of serum superoxide dismutase and catalase, which enhanced the antioxidative capacity in transition cows. In summary, supplementation with beta-1,3-glucan improves productivity, immunity and antioxidative status in transition dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China
| | - Xu-Dong Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Ming Wang
- Kemin (China) Technologies Animal Nutrition and Health, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Qing-Lei Li
- Shandong Hi-speed Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Jinan 251400, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, China.
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Hu X, Cai Y, Kong L, Lin H, Song Z, Buyse J. Effects of dietary corticosterone on the central adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5864893. [PMID: 32599620 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) induce the activation of the central adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in birds. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of corticosterone (CORT) supplemented in diet on the central AMPK signaling pathway in broilers. The average daily gain was reduced by CORT treatment, and the average daily feed intake remained unchanged. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and CORT contents were increased by CORT administration. In addition, CORT treatment decreased the relative weights of heart, spleen, and bursa and increased the relative weights of liver and abdominal fat. The glycogen contents in the liver and breast muscle were higher in the chicks treated with CORT. CORT treatment upregulated the gene expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, glucocorticoid receptor, AMPKα2, neuropeptide Y(NPY), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMPKα1, and fatty acid synthase in the hypothalamus. Moreover, CORT treatment increased the protein levels of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation and total AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK in the hypothalamus. Hence, CORT administration in the diet activated the LKB1-AMPK-NPY/ACC signaling pathway in the hypothalamus of broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanli Cai
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linglian Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Johan Buyse
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li H, Zhao L, Liu S, Zhang Z, Wang X, Lin H. Propionate inhibits fat deposition via affecting feed intake and modulating gut microbiota in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:235-245. [PMID: 33357686 PMCID: PMC7772713 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the 3 main short-chain fatty acids, the role of propionate in chicken fat metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that dietary supplementation of coated sodium propionate (SP) moderately inhibits fat deposition in broiler chickens, as evidenced by the decreased adipocyte mean area (P < 0.01), the lowered triglyceride content in abdominal fat tissue (P < 0.01), and the reduced transcription of several lipogenic genes in liver and abdominal fat tissues (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, the propionate content was not significantly elevated either in serum or in the cecal chyme by SP administration (P > 0.05). However, SP application significantly decreased the average daily feed intake of broilers (P < 0.05). In addition, the composition of the cecal microbial communities was altered, with the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes decreasing in particular (P < 0.05). At the genus level, SP application increased the richness of Alistipes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while reduced the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Helicobacter significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, in vitro experiments indicated that, although physiological concentrations of propionate (0.01 to 0.1 mmol) upregulated or downregulated the transcription of some fat synthesis-associated genes (P < 0.05), they did not significantly affect the triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes and adipocytes (P > 0.05). These results suggest that feed supplementation with SP inhibits fat deposition in broilers by reducing feed and caloric intake, but not via direct regulation on hepatic fat synthesis or adipocytic fat deposition. Alteration in the relative populations of the gut microflora suggests that SP may have gut health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Ruan D, Fouad AM, Fan QL, Huo XH, Kuang ZX, Wang H, Guo CY, Deng YF, Zhang C, Zhang JH, Jiang SQ. Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances growth performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity and modulates gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6935-6945. [PMID: 33248609 PMCID: PMC7705054 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary Arginine (Arg) on performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota in Chinese yellow-feathered chickens. One thousand two hundred 1-day-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replicates of 40 birds each. Chickens were fed diets with 5 levels of total Arg (8.5, 9.7, 10.9, 12.1, and 13.3 g/kg) without antibiotics for 30 d. The ADFI, ADG, and feed conversion ratio were improved with dietary Arg levels (P < 0.05). The proportions of CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes responded in a linear (P < 0.05) manner and those of CD4+ in a linear or quadratic (P < 0.05) manner as dietary Arg levels increased. Dietary Arg level had a linear (P < 0.05) or quadratic (P < 0.05) effect on the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 1, heme oxygenase 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in the jejunum and ileum. The relative expression of IL-1β, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, and Toll-like receptor 4 decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in the ileum with increasing dietary Arg levels; secretory IgA contents were increased. In addition, sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary Arg increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, Romboutsia and Candidatus Arthromitus genera, while decreased that of Clostridium sensu stricto 1. A diet containing 12.1 g Arg/kg promoted growth performance, intestinal antioxidation, and innate immunity and modulated gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - A M Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Q L Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - X H Huo
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Z X Kuang
- Guangdong Aijiankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - H Wang
- Guangdong Aijiankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - C Y Guo
- CJ International Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201107, China
| | - Y F Deng
- CJ International Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201107, China
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Sun M, Jiao H, Wang X, Uyanga VA, Zhao J, Lin H. Encapsulated crystalline lysine and DL-methionine have higher efficiency than the crystalline form in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6914-6924. [PMID: 33248607 PMCID: PMC7704974 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline amino acids (AAs) exhibit high nutritional values when supplemented AA-deficient diets. However, the AAs in crystalline form in the diet are absorbed quickly than protein-bound AAs, which may take an effect on AA utilization efficiency. In this study, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of encapsulated lysine-HCl (Lys) and DL-methionine (DL-Met) on the growth performance of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, a total of 432 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were subjected to 3 dietary treatments (27 pens; 16 birds per pen) for 42 d. The control group was basal diets supplemented with crystalline Lys and DL-Met, and treatment groups had basal diets supplemented with encapsulated Lys and DL-Met at the levels of 80% and 60% of control diets (80CLM, 60CLM), respectively. The growth performance, intestinal development, and transcription of AA transporters were determined. In experiment 2, 24 broiler chickens were subjected to the same treatments as in experiment 1. The plasma concentrations of free AAs were measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after feeding. The results showed that 80CLM treatment had no significant influence on production performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma free AAs content during the experiment compared with the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, the 80CLM group moderately enhanced gut morphology development and increased AAs' absorption capacity. However, broilers fed the 60CLM diet had lower production performance and breast muscle weight than the control group (P < 0.05), but increased villi height and B0AT mRNA expression level (P < 0.05). At h 4 after feeding, the 60CLM broilers exhibited higher concentration of Ala, Cys, and total dispensable AAs than the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the result suggests that the supplemental levels of crystalline Lys and DL-Met can be effectively saved approximately for 20% by using the encapsulated form in broilers, with improvements to AAs utilization efficiency, while posing no detrimental effects on production performance. Encapsulated Lys and DL-Met would have greater potential for application when replacing crystalline AAs in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Victoria A Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Wang H, Liu S, Li J, Wang L, Wang X, Zhao J, Jiao H, Lin H. 5-Hydroxytryptophan Suppresses the Abdominal Fat Deposit and Is Beneficial to the Intestinal Immune Function in Broilers. Front Physiol 2020; 11:655. [PMID: 32595527 PMCID: PMC7304481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serotonin (5-HT), a monoaminergic neurotransmitter, involves in the regulation of many physiological functions. In the present study, the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the precursor of 5-HT, on lipid metabolism and intestinal immune function in broiler chickens were investigated in chickens. Methods Two hundred broilers were divided randomly into two groups and fed separately with a corn-soybean basal diet (CD) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% 5-HTP. Results The results showed that 5-HTP reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake and the abdominal fat pad weight. 5-HTP treatment tended to upregulate the mRNA level of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADP1R) and ADP2R in abdominal fat but had no significant influence on their protein levels (P > 0.05). In 5-HTP-chickens, lipopolysaccharide exposure decreased secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations in serum and the duodenal contents. Expression of mRNA encoding interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) decreased after 5-HTP treatment; however, LPS increased expression significantly in 5-HTP-treated chickens compared with CD chickens. In 5-HTP-chickens, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were reduced, but the phosphorylation of ribosomal p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) was increased in the duodenum. Conclusion In summary, the result suggests that dietary 5-HTP supplementation reduces accumulation of abdominal fat and is beneficial to intestinal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Choi J, Li W, Schindell B, Ni L, Liu S, Zhao X, Gong J, Nyachoti M, Yang C. Molecular cloning, tissue distribution and the expression of cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT, SLC7A11) in different tissues during development in broiler chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:107-114. [PMID: 32211536 PMCID: PMC7082690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT, SLC7A11) is a component of the system Xc amino-acid antiporter that is able to export glutamate and import cysteine into cells. The xCT amino acid exchanger has received a lot of attention, due to the fact that cysteine is an essential substrate for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), an endogenous antioxidant in cells. The objective of this research was to clone the full-length cDNA of chicken xCT, and to investigate the gene expression of xCT in different tissues, including intestinal segments of broiler chickens during development. The full-length cDNA of chicken xCT (2,703 bp) was obtained from the jejunum by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced. Homology tests showed that chicken xCT had 80.4%, 80.2%, and 71.2% homology at the nucleotide level with humans, cattle, and rats, respectively. Likewise, amino acid sequence analysis showed that chicken xCT protein is 86.4%, 79.3%, and 75.6% homologous with humans, cattle, and rats, respectively. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicated that chicken xCT genes share a closer genetic relationship with humans and cattle, than with rats. The chicken xCT protein has 12 transmembrane helixes, 6 extracellular loops, and 5 intracellular loops. The mRNA of xCT was detected in all tissues, including intestinal segments, in which the mRNA expression of xCT was significantly higher (P < 0.05) within the colon, compared to the jejunum and ileum. During development, a linear pattern of changes regarding the levels of the xCT mRNA was found, indicating that there was an abundance of xCT within the duodenum (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were changes of the xCT mRNA abundance in the colon during development, which displayed linear and cubic patterns (P < 0.05). These results indicated that xCT is widely expressed both in intestinal segments, as well as other organs that are not associated with nutrient absorption. Further investigation is needed to characterize the functional relevance of xCT activity in oxidative stress and inflammation in the small intestine of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghan Choi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Brayden Schindell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Liju Ni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.,Shanghai Lab-Animal Research Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Mishra B, Jha R. Oxidative Stress in the Poultry Gut: Potential Challenges and Interventions. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:60. [PMID: 30886854 PMCID: PMC6409315 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) provides the biological environment for nutrient digestion and absorption, and protection from pathogens and toxins. Broilers are fast growing because of the great potential of intestinal epithelia for nutrient absorption, and efficient conversion of nutrient to muscle. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated by GIT epithelial cells either from oxygen metabolism or by enteric commensal bacteria and regulate gut health. However, increased production of ROS elevates free radical production and antioxidant insults resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in poultry GIT is derived from nutritional, environmental heat stress, and pathological factors, which alters overall performance as well as meat and egg quality. Supplementation of exogenous vitamins, antioxidants, and plant extract having antioxidant properties scavenge ROS and are beneficial in mitigating oxidative stress in the GIT. This review highlights the involvement of oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal functionality of poultry and potential intervention strategies to maintain redox balance in the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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