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Lee JT, Rochell SJ, Kriseldi R, Kim WK, Mitchell RD. Functional properties of amino acids: improve health status and sustainability. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102288. [PMID: 36436367 PMCID: PMC9700297 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of increased genetic potential and changes in management strategies (i.e., antibiotic-free, no antibiotics ever, and every day feeding of replacement pullets) influences the nutritional needs of poultry. Traditionally, nutritionists have focused on meeting the amino acid needs for production performance and yield however, increasing specific amino acid concentrations can benefit gastrointestinal development and integrity, enhance immune response potential, influence behavior, and benefit sustainability. Commercialization of additional feed grade amino acids beyond methionine, lysine, and threonine, enables targeted increases to achieve these benefits. As such, this paper addresses the functional roles of amino acids in meeting poultry production, health, and sustainability goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Lee
- CJ Bio America, Downer Grove, IL, USA,Corresponding author:
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2
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Kogut MH. Role of diet-microbiota interactions in precision nutrition of the chicken: facts, gaps, and new concepts. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101673. [PMID: 35104729 PMCID: PMC8814386 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the intestine, host-derived factors are genetically hardwired and difficult to modulate. However, the intestinal microbiome is more plastic and can be readily modulated by dietary factors. Further, it is becoming more apparent that the microbiome can potentially impact poultry physiology by participating in digestion, the absorption of nutrients, shaping of the mucosal immune response, energy homeostasis, and the synthesis or modulation of several potential bioactive metabolites. These activities are dependent on the quantity and quality of the microbiota alongside its metabolic potential, which are dictated in large part by diet. Thus, diet-induced microbiota alterations may be harnessed to induce changes in host physiology, including disease development and progression. In this regard, the gut microbiome is malleable and renders the gut microbiome a candidate 'organ' for the possibility of precision nutrition to induce precision microbiomics-the use of the gut microbiome as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to specific dietary constituents to generate precision diets and interventions for optimal poultry performance and health. However, it is vital to identify the causal relationships and mechanisms by which dietary components and additives affect the gut microbiome which then ultimately influence avian physiology. Further, an improved understanding of the spatial and functional relationships between the different sections of the avian gut and their regional microbiota will provide a better understanding of the role of the diet in regulating the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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3
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Kalvandi O, Sadeghi A, Karimi A. Arginine supplementation improves reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder Japanese quail under heat stress conditions. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2013136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kalvandi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Animal Science, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amirali Sadeghi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Karimi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Azeredo R, Machado M, Fontinha F, Fernández-Boo S, Conceição LEC, Dias J, Costas B. Dietary arginine and citrulline supplementation modulates the immune condition and inflammatory response of European seabass. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:451-463. [PMID: 32800985 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the modulatory effects of arginine and citrulline dietary supplementation on the immune condition and inflammatory response of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Four diets were manufactured: a control diet (CTRL) was formulated to meet the indispensable amino acids profile established for seabass. Based on this formulation, three other diets were supplemented with l-arginine at two different levels (0.5% and 1%, ARG1 and ARG2, respectively) and l-citrulline at 0.5% (CIT). Fish were fed these diets for 2 or 4 weeks under controlled conditions. At the end of 4 weeks, fish from all dietary treatments were intraperitoneally-injected with Photobacterium damselae piscicida and sampled after 4, 24 our 48 h. Immune status was characterized by a lymphocyte time-dependent decrease regardless of dietary treatment, whereas peroxidase values dropped in time in fish fed ARG1 and ARG2 and was lower at 4 weeks in fish fed ARG1 than in fish fed CTRL. Up-regulation of several genes was more evident in ARG1-and CIT-fed fish, though pro-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated by CIT dietary treatment. Following immune stimulation, seabass fed ARG1 showed a decrease in neutrophils and monocytes circulating numbers. On the other hand, expression of 17 selected immune and inflammatory responses genes was barely affected by dietary treatments. Based on the analyzed parameters, results suggest an active role of dietary arginine/citrulline supplementation in modulating immune defences that seem to translate into a suppressed immune repertoire, mostly at the cell response level. The observed changes due to citrulline dietary supplementation were in part similar to those caused by arginine, suggesting that citrulline might have been used by macrophages as an arginine precursor and then engaged in similar immune-impairment leading mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Fontinha
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sergio Fernández-Boo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | | | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Ruan D, Fouad AM, Fan QL, Huo XH, Kuang ZX, Wang H, Guo CY, Deng YF, Zhang C, Zhang JH, Jiang SQ. Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances growth performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity and modulates gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6935-6945. [PMID: 33248609 PMCID: PMC7705054 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary Arginine (Arg) on performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota in Chinese yellow-feathered chickens. One thousand two hundred 1-day-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replicates of 40 birds each. Chickens were fed diets with 5 levels of total Arg (8.5, 9.7, 10.9, 12.1, and 13.3 g/kg) without antibiotics for 30 d. The ADFI, ADG, and feed conversion ratio were improved with dietary Arg levels (P < 0.05). The proportions of CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes responded in a linear (P < 0.05) manner and those of CD4+ in a linear or quadratic (P < 0.05) manner as dietary Arg levels increased. Dietary Arg level had a linear (P < 0.05) or quadratic (P < 0.05) effect on the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 1, heme oxygenase 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in the jejunum and ileum. The relative expression of IL-1β, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, and Toll-like receptor 4 decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in the ileum with increasing dietary Arg levels; secretory IgA contents were increased. In addition, sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary Arg increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, Romboutsia and Candidatus Arthromitus genera, while decreased that of Clostridium sensu stricto 1. A diet containing 12.1 g Arg/kg promoted growth performance, intestinal antioxidation, and innate immunity and modulated gut microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - A M Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Q L Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - X H Huo
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Z X Kuang
- Guangdong Aijiankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - H Wang
- Guangdong Aijiankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - C Y Guo
- CJ International Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201107, China
| | - Y F Deng
- CJ International Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201107, China
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Yazdanabadi FI, Moghaddam GH, Nematollahi A, Daghighkia H, Sarir H. Effect of arginine supplementation on growth performance, lipid profile, and inflammatory responses of broiler chicks challenged with coccidiosis. Prev Vet Med 2020; 180:105031. [PMID: 32460155 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis causes inflammation and decreases growth performance in poultry. Arginine alleviates inflammation and improves growth performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on growth performance, lipid profile, and inflammatory responses in broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 384 one-d-old broiler chicks were assigned into eight groups and six replications per group. At 21 days of age, a mixture of Eimeria species was used for induction of challenge in the broiler chicks. Broiler chicks were divided into infected and uninfected groups and received arginine at 85, 100, 125, and 150 % of recommended level. Growth performance, serum nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipid profile, and faecal oocyst were further assessed. Broiler chicks challenged with coccidiosis showed lower growth performance compared to non-challenged broiler chicks in grower and finisher periods; however, those fed diets containing 125 and 150 % arginine showed better growth performance compared to broiler chicks fed with 85 and100 % levels. The challenged broiler chicks showed higher concentrations for serum NO, lipid profile, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in comparison to uninfected ones. Nevertheless, adding arginine into diet at 125 and 150 % levels increased the levels of serum NO and decreased the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, higher levels of arginine caused anti-inflammatory effects in broiler chicks challenged with coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Izadi Yazdanabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - G H Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - A Nematollahi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Daghighkia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Sarir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Livingston ML, Ferket PR, Brake J, Livingston KA. Dietary amino acids under hypoxic conditions exacerbates muscle myopathies including wooden breast and white stripping. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1517-1527. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Miao LP, Yuan C, Dong XY, Zhang XY, Zhou MY, Zou XT. Effects of dietary L-arginine levels on small intestine protein turnover and the expression of genes related to protein synthesis and proteolysis of layers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1800-1808. [PMID: 28340042 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effects of dietary L-arginine (Arg) levels on protein turnover in the small intestine and the expression of genes related to protein synthesis and proteolysis of laying hens. Xinyang Black commercial laying hens (n = 864, aged 217 d) were randomly distributed to 6 treatments with 4 replicates of 36 birds. The dietary treatments were corn-corn gluten meal based diets containing 0.64, 0.86, 1.03, 1.27, 1.42 and 1.66% L-Arg, respectively. Fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) and fractional protein gain rate (FGR) in the jejunum were the highest in the 1.27% L-Arg group. The mRNA expression of target of rapamycin (TOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in the duodenum reached the highest in the 1.27% L-Arg group, while the mRNA expression of 20S proteasome (20S) was the lowest in the 1.27% L-Arg group. The mRNA abundances of TOR and S6K1 in the jejunum were the highest in the 1.27% L-Arg group, while the mRNA expression of 20S was the lowest in the 1.27% L-Arg group, and the protein expression and phosphorylation levels of TOR in the 1.27% L-Arg group were higher than those in the 0.64% L-Arg group. These results indicate that the action of an appropriate level of dietary L-Arg to improve the protein synthesis of the small intestine involves up-regulating the protein expression and phosphorylation level of TOR in the jejunum accompanied by inhibiting the mRNA expression of 20S of laying hens.
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Rochell SJ, Helmbrecht A, Parsons CM, Dilger RN. Interactive effects of dietary arginine and Eimeria acervulina infection on broiler growth performance and metabolism. Poult Sci 2017; 96:659-666. [PMID: 27601684 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of dietary Arg concentration and Eimeria acervulina infection on broiler growth performance and plasma carotenoid, nitric oxide (NO), amino acid, and urea concentrations was evaluated. Male Ross × Ross 308 broilers (384 total) were fed a common diet for 10 d post-hatch and provided experimental diets formulated to contain 1.23 (HA) or 0.74% (LA) standardized ileal digestible Arg from 10 to 28 d. At 21 d, one-half of the broilers were switched to the opposite diet to create 4 dietary regimens where birds were fed the LA diet throughout, the LA diet replaced by the HA diet at 21 d, the HA diet throughout, or the HA diet replaced by the LA diet at 21 d. Broilers were orally inoculated 0 (uninfected) or 3.5 × 105 sporulated E. acervulina oocysts at 15 d, resulting in a factorial arrangement of 4 dietary regimens × 2 infection states (8 replicates/treatment). Overall (10 to 28 d) BW gain and G:F were greatest (P < 0.01) for birds fed the HA diet throughout, regardless of infection status. Eimeria acervulina infection decreased (P < 0.01) BW gain of birds from 15 to 21 d, and G:F was lowest (P < 0.05) for infected birds fed the LA diet during this period. There was no influence (P > 0.05) of E. acervulina on BW gain or G:F of broilers from 21 to 28 d. Plasma Arg, Lys, and Orn levels at 21 d indicated that the LA diet caused an imbalance in the Lys and Arg status of broilers, and E. acervulina infection increased (P < 0.01) the plasma concentration of these 3 amino acids. Diet × infection interactions (P < 0.05) were observed on 21 d for plasma carotenoids and NO, whereby infection decreased plasma carotenoids and increased plasma NO, but dietary Arg concentration only influenced these measures for uninfected birds. Thus, production of NO during E. acervulina infection was not impaired by dietary Arg limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rochell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - A Helmbrecht
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Department for Animal Nutrition Research, 63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - C M Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Yang H, Ju X, Wang Z, Yang Z, Lu J, Wang W. Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Organ Development, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical parameters, and Immune Status of Laying Hens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1801181-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- Yangzhou University, P.R. China
| | - X Ju
- Yangzhou University, P.R. China
| | - Z Wang
- Yangzhou University, P.R. China
| | - Z Yang
- Yangzhou University, P.R. China
| | - J Lu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P.R. China
| | - W Wang
- Yangzhou University, P.R. China
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Yuan C, Bu X, Yan H, Lu J, Zou X. Dietary L-arginine levels affect the liver protein turnover and alter the expression of genes related to protein synthesis and proteolysis of laying hens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:261-7. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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12
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Yuan C, Li J, Ding Y, He Q, Yan H, Lu J, Zou X. Estimation of L-arginine requirement for Xinyang Black laying hens from 33 to 45 weeks of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Yuan C, Ding Y, He Q, Azzam MMM, Lu JJ, Zou XT. L-arginine upregulates the gene expression of target of rapamycin signaling pathway and stimulates protein synthesis in chicken intestinal epithelial cells. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1043-51. [PMID: 25771531 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine (Arg) is an indispensable amino acid in avians and is required for growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of L-Arg on protein synthesis and genes expression involved in target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in chicken enterocytes. Cells were cultured for 4 days in L-Arg-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10, 100, 200, 400, or 600 μM L-Arg. Cell growth, cell cycle, protein synthesis, and protein degradation as well as mRNA expression levels of TOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) were determined. The results showed that cell viability was enhanced by L-Arg with a maximal response at 10 to 400 μM. Increasing extracellular concentrations of L-Arg from 10 to 400 μM increased the cells in S and G2/M phase to a significant extent and decreased cell numbers in G0/G1 phase. Further more, addition of 100, 200, or 400 μM L-Arg to culture medium increased protein synthesis and reduced protein degradation in chicken intestinal epithelial cells. Consistent with the data on cell growth and protein turnover, supplementation of 100, 200, or 400 μM L-Arg increased the mRNA abundances of TOR, 4E-BP1, and S6K1. It was concluded the action of L-Arg involves in upregulating the genes expression of TOR cell signaling pathway which increases protein synthesis and reduces protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yuan
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310058
| | - Y Ding
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310058
| | - Qiang He
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310058
| | - M M M Azzam
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310058 Poultry Production Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - J J Lu
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310058
| | - X T Zou
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310058
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Tan JZ, Guo YM, Applegate TJ, Du EC, Zhao X. Dietary L-arginine modulates immunosuppression in broilers inoculated with an intermediate strain of infectious bursa disease virus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:126-135. [PMID: 24728981 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of dietary l-arginine (Arg) on immunosuppression following infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) inoculation in broiler chickens were evaluated. The design of this study was a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 5) with five Arg concentrations (starter: 9.9, 13.9, 17.6, 21.3 and 25.3 g kg(-1) ; grower-finisher: 9.5, 13.5, 17.1, 20.1 and 23.6 g kg(-1) ) with or without IBDV inoculation (IBDV or saline inoculation at 14 days). Chickens were sampled at 2, 4 and 6 days post-inoculation (DPI) and 42 days of age. RESULTS The IBDV inoculation decreased (P = 0.05) CD3(+) , CD4(+) , and CD8(+) T cell counts at 2 days post-inoculation (DPI) and monocyte counts at 6 DPI; and reduced (P < 0.05) bursal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression at 2 DPI and serum IL-6 concentration at 4 DPI. Increasing Arg concentration increased (P < 0.05) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell counts at 2 DPI, linearly increased (P = 0.05) CD3(+) T cell counts in IBDV-inoculated groups and monocyte counts in control groups at 4 DPI; increased (P < 0.05) serum IL-6 concentration in IBDV-inoculated groups at 2 DPI; and increased (P < 0.05) serum anti-IBDV antibody titres at 42 days of age. CONCLUSION Varying concentrations of Arg supplementation attenuated IBDV inoculation induced immunosuppression via modulating circulating T cell sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhuang Tan
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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L-arginine stimulates CAT-1-mediated arginine uptake and regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase for the growth of chick intestinal epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 399:229-36. [PMID: 25336270 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine (L-Arg) uptake is mediated by members of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family and may coincide with the induction of nitric oxide synthases (NOS). The present study was conducted to investigate the extracellular concentrations of L-Arg regulating the CAT-1, CAT-4 and inducible NOS (iNOS) in chick intestinal epithelial cells. The cells were cultured for 4 days in Arg-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10, 100, 200, 400, or 600 μM L-Arg. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, uptake and metabolism of L-[3H]-Arg as well as expression of CAT-1, CAT-4, and iNOS were determined. Our results showed that L-Arg enhances cell growth with a maximal response at 10-400 μM. Addition of 100, 200, or 400 μM L-Arg increased the L-[3H]-Arg uptake, which was associated with greater conversion of L-[3H]-citrulline and NO production in comparison with 10 μM L-Arg group. Increasing extracellular concentrations of L-Arg from 10 to 400 μM dose dependently increased the levels of CAT-1 mRNA and protein, while no effect on CAT-4 mRNA abundance was found. Furthermore, supplementation of 100, 200, or 400 μM L-Arg upregulated the expression of iNOS mRNA, and the relative protein levels for iNOS in 200 and 400 μM L-Arg groups were higher than those in 10 and 100 μM L-Arg groups. Collectively, we conclude that the CAT-1 isoform plays a role in L-Arg uptake, and L-Arg-mediated elevation of NO via iNOS promotes the growth of chick intestinal epithelial cells.
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16
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Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces abdominal fat content by modulating lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Animal 2013; 7:1239-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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