1
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Öztürk E, Darmawan A, Özlü Ş, Abacı SH. Effects of dietary local hemp seed meal as soybean meal alternative on productive performance, egg quality and yolk fatty acid composition of laying hens. Arch Anim Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39047154 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2024.2373485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Supply problems and rising soybean meal prices have an impact on increasing feed costs. Hemp seed meal (HSM) with high protein content has the potential to be used as an alternative to soybean meal. This study evaluated the impact of dietary HSM of Narlı Sarayı variety as a substitute for soybean meal on productive performances, egg quality and yolk fatty acid composition. A total of 120 Lohmann Brown laying hens aged 50 weeks were allocated into 4 groups and 10 repetitions. Birds received treatment without HSM (control group), or soybean meal substituted with 4%, 8% and 12% HSM. Dietary 4% significantly increased (p < 0.05) egg production and decreased FCR compared with 8% and 12% HSM group but did not differ from the control group in an overall period of 6 weeks. The inclusion of the 12% HSM group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) egg production. Meanwhile, there was no influence of hemp seed meal (p > 0.05) on feed intake, egg weight, body weight change, egg shape index, albumen index, albumen weight, Haugh unit, yolk weight, yolk index and eggshell thickness. Dietary 8% and 12% HSM significantly increased (p < 0.05) eggshell weight and yolk colour compared with control and 4% HSM groups. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in omega-3 fatty acid concentration and a decrease in yolk omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio with an increase in dietary HSM. It was concluded that dietary up to 12% HSM of the Narlı Sarayı variety decreased egg production and increased FCR. Increasing dietary levels of HSM increased eggshell weight, yolk colour and omega-3 fatty acids content and decreased the omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergin Öztürk
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
| | - Arif Darmawan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Şevket Özlü
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
| | - Samet Hasan Abacı
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
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2
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Pirgozliev V, Whiting I, Mansbridge S, Abdullah J, Mirza W, Rose S. Feeding value of field bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L. var. <i>minor</i>)
for laying hen pullets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/157501/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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3
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Adekoya AA, Adeola O. Comparison of standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in faba beans and field peas in broiler chickens and pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad167. [PMID: 37226574 PMCID: PMC10276638 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment, using the same set of five diets was conducted to determine and compare the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in faba beans and three cultivars of field peas in broiler chickens and pigs. Four test diets were prepared to contain faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, Hampton field peas, or 4010 field peas as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet (NFD), as the fifth diet, was prepared to estimate the basal endogenous losses of AA to determine the SID of AA in the test ingredients. A total of 416 male broiler chickens with an initial body weight (BW) of 951 ± 111 g were allotted to five diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor on day 21 posthatching. There were 8 replicate cages with 10 birds per cage for diets containing test ingredients and 12 birds per cage for NFD. All birds were allowed ad-libitum access to feed for 5 days. On day 26 posthatching, all birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation and digesta contents were collected from the distal two-thirds of the ileum. Twenty barrows with an initial BW of 30.2 ± 1.58 kg, surgically fitted with T-cannulas in the distal ileum, were divided into four blocks according to BW and each block was assigned to a 5 × 2 incomplete Latin Square design that consisted of five dietary treatments and two experimental periods. For each experimental period, there was a 5-day adaptation period followed by a 2-day collection of ileal digesta samples. The data were analyzed as a 2 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement with the effect of species (i.e., broiler chickens and pigs) and test diets (i.e., four test ingredients). For broiler chickens, the SID of Lys in faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, and Hampton field peas were above 90% but in 4010 field peas, it was 85.1%. The SID of Lys in faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, and Hampton field peas for pigs was above 80% but was 78.9% in 4010 field peas. The respective SID of Met in faba beans, DS-Admiral field peas, Hampton field peas, and 4010 field peas were 84.1%, 87.3%, 89.8%, and 72.1% for broiler chickens, and 71.5%, 80.4%, 81.8%, and 68.1% for pigs. The SID of AA in 4010 field peas was the least (P < 0.05) for chickens, but in pigs, it was comparable with faba beans. In conclusion, the SID of AA in faba beans and field peas was greater in broiler chickens compared with pigs and there was a cultivar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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4
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Kim JI, Kim SK, Kim KE, Kim YR, Kim EJ, An BK. Effects of Lupin Kernel (Lupinus angustifolius) and Faba Bean (Vicia faba) on Growth Performance and Hepatic Fatty Acid Profiles in Broiler Chicks. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JI Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - SK Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KE Kim
- Nonghyup Feed, Republic of Korea
| | - YR Kim
- Yonam College, Republic of Korea
| | - EJ Kim
- Yonam College, Republic of Korea
| | - BK An
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
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5
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Hejdysz M, Kaczmarek SA, Bedford MR. The effect of different temperatures applied during extrusion on the nutritional value of faba bean and degradation of phytic P isomers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Smit MN, Ketelaar RF, He L, Beltranena E. Ileal digestibility of energy and amino acids in three faba bean cultivars (Vicia faba L.) planted and harvested early or late in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101332. [PMID: 34284179 PMCID: PMC8313592 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A concern of both pulse growers and poultry producers is how the timing of planting and harvesting affect the nutritional quality of faba bean for broiler chickens. To investigate, half of the seed of 2 zero-tannin cultivars (Snowbird and Snowdrop) and 1 low vicine and convicine cultivar (Fabelle) were planted at a single site either in early May and harvested in late September (EARLY) or planted in late May and harvested in late October (LATE). Diets of the 3 EARLY or LATE cultivars (95% inclusion) were fed to 756 broiler chickens (Ross 708) from d 15. Chickens were housed in 56 floor pens (13-14 birds/pen) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (7 pens/diet). A nitrogen-free diet to correct for endogenous amino acid (AA) losses was fed to broilers in 14 pens from d 20. Ileal digesta was collected after euthanizing birds on day 23 or 24. Planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased the proportion of immature beans from 5 to 64% for Snowbird, 7 to 79% for Snowdrop, and 22 to 80% for Fabelle. Planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased the proportion of frost-damaged beans from 20 to 83% for Snowbird, 36 to 88% for Snowdrop, and 5 to 29% for Fabelle. Planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased (P < 0.001) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of gross energy (GE) by 45% and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP by 13%. Planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased (P < 0.001) SID of AA by 11% except Cys. Snowbird and Snowdrop had greater (P < 0.05) SID of AA by 4.5% except Thr and Trp compared with Fabelle. Fabelle had 13% greater (P < 0.001) SID of Trp compared with Snowbird or Snowdrop. Results indicate that planting and harvesting LATE vs. EARLY increased GE, CP, and AA digestibility possibly by frost interrupting bean ripening on the field. Hull tannin content may have reduced the AA digestibility of Fabelle compared with Snowbird or Snowdrop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda N Smit
- Livestock and Crops Research Division, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 5T6
| | - Robin F Ketelaar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liangfei He
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Eduardo Beltranena
- Livestock and Crops Research Division, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 5T6; Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
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7
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Smit MN, He L, Beltranena E. Feeding different cultivars and quality levels of faba bean to broiler chickens. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab094. [PMID: 34671720 PMCID: PMC8521733 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A concern of both pulse growers and poultry producers is how frost damage around harvest time affects the nutritional quality of faba bean for broiler chickens. To investigate, two zero-tannin cultivars (Snowbird, Snowdrop) and one low vicine and convicine cultivar (Fabelle) sourced from seed growers were spring planted 3 weeks later than recommended (mid-May) and harvested late October to purposely increase frost damage. Parent, certified seed (high quality), and harvested frost damaged beans (low quality) of the three cultivars were fed to 740 chickens housed in 64 floor pens in a 2 × 3 factorial plus control (9 pens of 11 or 12 birds per treatment). Starter (d 0 to 11), grower (d 12 to 24), and finisher (d 25 to 40) diets included 15%, 30%, and 45% faba bean in partial (starter, grower) or total replacement of soybean meal (SBM; control). Harvested Snowbird, Snowdrop, Fabelle averaged 52%, 62%, 17% blackened hull and 35%, 43%, 51% immature beans, respectively. There was a cultivar × quality interaction (P < 0.05) on daily feed disappearance (ADFI) and gain-to-feed (G:F). Broilers fed low-quality Snowdrop consumed 10 g/d more finisher and 6 g/d more feed overall than those fed low-quality Snowbird or Fabelle; broilers fed parent seed were intermediate. Feeding low-quality Fabelle resulted in best overall G:F (0.646) versus high-quality Snowbird (0.611), high-quality Fabelle (0.624), or low-quality Snowdrop (0.624). Average daily weight gain (ADG) and bird body weight (BW) at the end of each growth phase were not affected by cultivar or quality level. Controls fed SBM only grew 2.75 g/d faster overall and were 113.5 g heavier at the end of the trial than broilers fed faba bean (P < 0.05). Controls fed SBM only had 0.024 g/g better overall G:F than broilers fed faba bean (P < 0.05). Feeding low-quality beans or high-quality seed had no effect on antemortem BW, chilled carcass weight (WT), dressing percentage or yield of saleable cuts except that broilers fed Snowbird or Snowdrop had 0.8%-unit larger thighs than those fed Fabelle. Controls fed SBM only were 110 g heavier at slaughter, had 72 g heavier chilled carcass WT, and 0.5%-unit greater dressing percentage than broilers fed faba bean (P < 0.05). These results indicate that feeding frost damaged and(or) immature faba bean, to the extent observed in this trial, did not negatively affect growth performance or carcass attributes of broiler chickens compared to feeding parent, certified, high-quality seed of these cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda N Smit
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Livestock and Crop Research Branch, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6, Canada
| | - Liangfei He
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Eduardo Beltranena
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Livestock and Crop Research Branch, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 5T6, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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8
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Hidayat C, Irawan A, Jayanegara A, Sholikin MM, Prihambodo TR, Yanza YR, Wina E, Sadarman S, Krisnan R, Isbandi I. Effect of dietary tannins on the performance, lymphoid organ weight, and amino acid ileal digestibility of broiler chickens: A meta-analysis. Vet World 2021; 14:1405-1411. [PMID: 34316185 PMCID: PMC8304436 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1405-1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Tannins are functional secondary metabolites that may provide benefits to ruminants. However, to date, their effects on broiler chickens remain inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary tannin levels on the performance, body organs, and amino acid (AA) digestibility of broiler chickens using a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: After verification and evaluation, a total of 22 articles were included in the present study. All data regarding dietary tannin dosages, performance, digestibility, and gastrointestinal physiology of broiler chickens were tabulated into a database. The database data were then statistically analyzed using mixed models, with tannin dose as a fixed effect and study as a random effect. Results: High levels of dietary tannins negatively affected the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broiler chickens according to linear patterns (p<0.001). In addition, dietary tannins decreased drumstick and liver weights, as well as bursa of Fabricius and spleen weight (p<0.05). Meanwhile, other carcass traits (i.e., thigh, wings, and body fat) were not influenced by dietary tannins. Regarding AA digestibility, high dietary tannin concentrations induced negative responses on isoleucine, leucine, and methionine digestibility (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary tannins appear to have a negative effect on broiler performance, lymphoid organ weight, and AA ileal digestibility. Hence, the addition of tannins to broiler diets is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecep Hidayat
- Indonesian Research Institute For Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor 16720, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Agung Irawan
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Graduate Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Graduate Study Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Yulianri Rizki Yanza
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-637, Poland
| | - Elizabeth Wina
- Indonesian Research Institute For Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor 16720, Indonesia
| | - Sadarman Sadarman
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Department of Animal Science, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia.,Center for Livestock Studies and Development, Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai University, Bangkinang 28412, Indonesia
| | - Rantan Krisnan
- Indonesian Research Institute For Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor 16720, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Isbandi Isbandi
- Indonesian Research Institute For Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor 16720, Indonesia
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9
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Abdulla JM, Rose SP, Mackenzie AM, Pirgozliev V. Variability of amino acid digestibility in different field bean cultivars for broilers. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:596-600. [PMID: 33602002 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1891525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. The amino acid composition of 10 different UK-grown field bean cultivar samples from the same harvest year were determined.2. Diets included each bean sample at a level of 200 g/kg feed compared against a control diet formulated with only soyabean sources, whereby the beans replaced the soyabean meal, and were used to compare ileal amino acid digestibility. The amino acid digestibility coefficients for the bean samples were obtained via substitution method.3. The data showed that one field bean sample, cultivar Sultan, had a lower amino acid digestibility (P < 0.05) than that of the other nine . This sample had a higher tannin content that may have affected amino acid digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Abdulla
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, NIPH, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK.,Department of Biology, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
| | - S P Rose
- Department of Biology, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
| | - A M Mackenzie
- Department of Biology, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
| | - V Pirgozliev
- Department of Biology, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
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10
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to analyze the chemical properties of persimmon peel (PP) and the in vitro digestibility of shrimp meal (SM) diets containing PP. Discussions whether PP can be used as a feed additive to promote digestion of SM in chickens are also included. The chemical composition and chitinase activity of dried PP was studied. SM diets containing PP were formulated according to the 4 by 6 factorial design: 4 levels of SM (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) × 6 levels of PP (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%). The in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD), crude protein (IVCPD), and chitin (IVCD) was also studied. PP was rich in nitrogen-free extract (NFE, about 74%) and tannin (2.8%), and the highest chitinase activity of PP was observed at pH 4.5. Approximately 50% of chitinase activity was also observed at acidic (3.0) and alkaline (8.0) pH. Its activity was slightly affected by pepsin treatment. IVDMD increased upon addition of up to 8% PP, but decreased with an increase in the level of SM. When PP level was increased up to 6%, IVCPD in the group containing 0% SM, changed slightly; however, an increasing trend was observed in the other groups. When PP level was more than 6%, IVCPD decreased in all the groups. IVCD increased dose-dependently with increasing level of PP and decreased with increasing level of SM. In conclusion, PP was rich in NFE, had high chitinase activity, and improved all digestibility parameters, such as IVDMD, IVCPD, and IVCD, in SM diets where the PP level was under 6%. Thus, up to 6% of PP can be safely included in SM diets as a digestion promoter.
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11
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Abdulla JM, Rose SP, Mackenzie AM, Pirgozliev VR. Variation in the chemical composition and the nutritive quality of different field bean UK-grown cultivar samples for broiler chicks. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:219-226. [PMID: 33026241 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1834074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The chemical composition and physical characteristics of 10 different UK-grown field bean cultivar samples from the same harvest year were determined.2. Diets included each bean sample at a level of 200 g/kg, and were used to compare broiler growth performance and determine N-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) and nutrient utilisation. The AMEn and nutrient retention coefficients for the bean samples were obtained via the slope-ratio method. The relationships were examined between variation in nutritive value for broilers and the laboratory analysis of the bean samples.3. The data showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the bean cultivar samples for feed conversion ratio, AMEn and dry matter retention (DMR) coefficients. Further analysis showed that the feeding quality of different field bean cultivar samples, measured as AMEn, was highly correlated to crude protein (CP) (P < 0.05) and colour (P < 0.001) of the samples. Thus, beans with higher CP and pale colour had superior feeding value for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Abdulla
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK.,Department of Biology, Soran University, The Kurdistan Region of Iraq
| | - S P Rose
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - A M Mackenzie
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - V R Pirgozliev
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
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12
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Kopmels FC, Smit MN, Cho M, He L, Beltranena E. Effect of feeding 3 zero-tannin faba bean cultivars at 3 increasing inclusion levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and yield of saleable cuts of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4958-4968. [PMID: 32988532 PMCID: PMC7598143 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A trial was conducted to evaluate how rapidly one could introduce faba bean in broiler diets and to what maximum level one could feed 3 zero-tannin faba bean cultivars to broiler chickens based on growth performance, carcass traits, and yield of carcass cuts. A total of 662 male broiler chickens (Ross 708) were fed one of 10 dietary treatments over 3 growth phases (starter [Str], day 0–12; grower [Gwr], day 13–25; and finisher [Fnr], day 26–41). Treatment diets included 3 different zero-tannin faba bean cultivars (Snowbird, Snowdrop, and Tabasco), each fed at 3 different inclusions: low inclusion level of 5% in Str, 10% in Gwr, and 20% in Fnr; medium inclusion level of 10% in Str, 20% in Gwr, and 30% in Fnr; and high inclusion level of 15% in Str, 30% in Gwr, and 40% in Fnr. Wheat grain–soybean meal (SBM) diets were fed as control. Faba bean cultivars replaced SBM and wheat grain in phase diets. Neither cultivar nor inclusion level affected overall trial or growth phase BW, ADFI, ADG, G:F, slaughter weight (WT), chilled carcass WT, and proportion of saleable cuts. Carcass dressing was 0.6% units lower for high vs. medium or low faba bean inclusion level (P < 0.05). There was no effect on overall trial or growth phase ADFI and there were only slight reductions (P < 0.05) in BW, ADG, G:F, slaughter WT, chilled carcass WT, dressing percentage, and percentage of drumstick yield in broilers fed the treatment diets including faba bean compared with those fed the wheat–SBM control diet. The control diet's advantage was largely attributed to dehulling and the greater extent of processing to produce SBM vs. feeding raw, merely rolled, faba bean. In conclusion, broiler producers can feed any of the 3 zero-tannin faba bean cultivars evaluated as the most aggressive of the 3 inclusion levels tested (15, 30, 40% for the starter, grower, finisher phase) to maximize faba bean inclusion in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke C Kopmels
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda N Smit
- Livestock and Crops Research Division, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 5T6
| | - Misaki Cho
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Liangfei He
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Eduardo Beltranena
- Livestock and Crops Research Division, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 5T6; Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
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13
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Ohanenye IC, Tsopmo A, Ejike CE, Udenigwe CC. Germination as a bioprocess for enhancing the quality and nutritional prospects of legume proteins. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Growth Performance of Local Chicken Breeds, a High-Performance Genotype and Their Crosses Fed with Regional Faba Beans to Replace Soy. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040702. [PMID: 32316455 PMCID: PMC7222797 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The culling of day-old male chicks and the ecological impact of high soy imports from overseas as animal feed are intensively discussed by the Western European agricultural sector and society. One possible approach to mitigate these problems could be the use of dual-purpose chickens for meat and egg production in combination with a predominant use of regionally grown protein plants. In the present study the suitability of six different chicken genotypes for fattening was evaluated while feeding them two different faba bean varieties. No adverse effects of the faba bean feeding on the performance and the health of the birds could be detected. Abstract The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a native protein crop and considered a promising alternative to soybeans. Due to its anti-nutritive substances such as vicin and convicin (VC) its use in animal nutrition has been restricted. In the present study, two consecutive experiments were conducted to analyse the effects of feeding 20% faba beans, which differ in their VC content on fattening performance and slaughter traits of different chicken genotypes. In a first trial, purebred male chickens of the local breeds Bresse Gauloise and Vorwerkhuhn as well as of a high-performance White Rock line were tested. In a second trial, crossbreds of them were evaluated: Vorwerkhuhn × Bresse Gauloise, Vorwerkhuhn × White Rock, Bresse Gauloise × White Rock. Daily weight gain and feed intake were recorded until slaughter at approximately 2100 g. At slaughter the final live weight, carcass yield and the weights of the valuable parts (breasts and legs) were measured. For the genotypes studied, no adverse or undesirable effects of both VC−rich and VC−poor faba beans in the feedstuff were detected regarding body weight development, carcass quality, and fattening parameters. Furthermore, there was no indication that the birds’ health was impaired.
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Olukosi OA, Walker RL, Houdijk JGM. Evaluation of the nutritive value of legume alternatives to soybean meal for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5778-5788. [PMID: 31250016 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five experiments were conducted to investigate the nutritional value of various legumes and a faba beans processing co-product for broilers. In Expt. 1 and 3, metabolizable energy (AME) content was evaluated for 2 batches of bean starch concentrate (BSC) that differed in physical and chemical characteristics. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) was determined for BSC in Expt. 2, and for corn, soybean meal (SBM), organic and conventional faba beans, and quinoa (Expt. 4). The growth performance response of broiler chickens to partial replacement of wheat and SBM with various legumes was investigated in Expt. 5. The AME of the BSC assayed in Expt. 1 was lower (P < 0.01) than that of the BSC assayed in Expt. 3. The SIAAD was generally high for BSC in Expt. 2 although the content and digestibility of sulfur amino acids were low. In Expt. 4, there was no difference in SIAAD of Arg, Phe, Asp, and Gly among the different feedstuffs assayed. SIAAD was largely similar for both conventional and organic faba bean. The SIAADs of Met, Thr, Ser, and Tyr were lower (P < 0.05) for quinoa compared with SBM or corn. In Expt. 5, FCR was greater (P < 0.05) for broiler chickens receiving faba beans+barley mix or lupins compared with the wheat-SBM control diet. Amino acid digestibility was greater (P < 0.01) for the diets containing lupins compared with the other diets except for Lys, Met, Thr, Ala, Asp, and Ser. On the other hand, amino acid digestibility in diet with faba beans+barley mix was lower (P < 0.05) compared with all the other diets, except for Arg, Asp, Lys, and Thr. It was concluded from the current studies that there is scope for using the assayed legumes, co-products, and quinoa in broiler chickens to partly replace SBM as protein feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyinka A Olukosi
- Monogastric Science Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.,Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Robin L Walker
- Crop and Soil Systems, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Jos G M Houdijk
- Monogastric Science Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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Cho M, Smit M, He L, Kopmels F, Beltranena E. Effect of Feeding Zero- or High-Tannin Faba Bean Cultivars and Dehulling on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Yield of Saleable Cuts of Broiler Chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Koo B, Nyachoti CM. Effects of thermally oxidized canola oil and tannic acid supplementation on nutrient digestibility and microbial metabolites in finishing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2468-2478. [PMID: 31073613 PMCID: PMC6541833 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of oxidized canola oil and tannic acid (TA) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and microbial metabolites in finishing pigs. Four experimental diets were formulated to include 5% of either fresh canola oil (0 mEq/kg of peroxide value) or oxidized canola oil (180 mEq/kg of peroxide value). An equal portion of each diet was supplemented with 0.1% TA. Eight pigs (initial body weight of 82.89 ± 2.26 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. At the beginning of the experiments, all pigs were fed a nitrogen-free diet for 7 d. Then, they were assigned to 4 dietary treatments according to an incomplete replicated 4 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods to give 6 replicates per treatment. Each experimental period lasted for 9 d, starting with a 5-d adaptation period followed by 2 consecutive 2-d periods for fecal (day 6 and day 7) and ileal digesta (day 8 and day 9) collection. The inclusion of oxidized oil reduced (P < 0.05) the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Pro and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of NDF. Also, pigs fed the oxidized oil tended to have lower (P ≤ 0.10) lactate and ammonia-nitrogen concentrations in the ileum and lower (P ≤ 0.10) acetate and propionate concentrations in the feces than those fed the fresh oil. The supplementation of 0.1% TA reduced (P < 0.05) the AID of NDF and the ATTD of gross energy, crude protein, and NDF. Additionally, the TA-supplemented diet tended to have a lower (P ≤ 0.10) digestible energy content than the nonsupplemented diet. Pigs fed the TA-supplemented diet showed reduced (P < 0.05) AID and SID of His, Cys, and Pro compared with those fed the nonsupplemented diet. There were interactive effects (P < 0.05) of oxidized oil and TA supplementation on acetate, isovalerate, total short chain fatty acids, and pH level in the ileum. In conclusion, the results indicated that the effects of oxidized oil are greater on microbial activities rather than nutrient digestibility. Although negative effects of dietary TA supplementation were observed in relation to nutrient digestibility, TA supplementation was found to ameliorate these negative effects of oxidized oil on microbial metabolites. Therefore, further studies are required to investigate the interaction between dietary oxidized oil and TA in relation with the gut microbiota in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonjin Koo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Kim JW, Sanjayan N, Leterme P, Nyachoti CM. Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in high-protein sunflower meal for broiler chickens and effects of dietary phytase supplementation on bone traits, growth performance, and apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients. Poult Sci 2019; 98:298-305. [PMID: 30107506 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the relative bioavailability (RBV) of P in high-protein sunflower meal (HP-SFM) fed to broiler chickens based on bone traits and to determine the effects of dietary phytase supplementation and increasing levels of HP-SFM as a P source on bone traits, growth performance, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM and nutrients. In total, 240 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 1 of 10 experimental diets with 6 replicate cages of 4 birds each and fed experimental diets from day 14 to 21 of age. Diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (0.35% total P; P-deficient diet), or the basal diet supplemented with 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15% P from either monosodium phosphate (MSP) or HP-SFM. Another 3 diets were formulated by supplementing the HP-SFM-containing diets with 500 phytase unit/kg of phytase. The bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), and bone mineral density (BMD) of femur and tibia and tibia ash content increased (linear, P < 0.01) with increasing dietary P content from MSP. A linear increase in femur and tibia BMC, femur BA, and tibia BMD was also observed (P < 0.01) with increasing level of dietary P from HP-SFM. The RBV of P in HP-SFM based on femur and tibia BMC were 41 and 44%, respectively. Dietary phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.01) most of bone traits of the birds except for femur BMD. In addition, birds fed the diets supplemented with dietary phytase had greater (P < 0.05) BW gain, feed efficiency, and AID of P than those fed the diets without dietary phytase. In conclusion, the estimated RBV of P in HP-SFM to P in MSP were 41 and 44% based on femur and tibia BMC, respectively. Also, dietary phytase supplementation increased AID of P, growth performance, and bone traits of the birds fed P-deficient diets containing increasing inclusion level of HP-SFM as a P source.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - N Sanjayan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - P Leterme
- BUNGE Global Innovation, calle Constitución 1, 08960 St Just Desvern (BCN), Spain
| | - C M Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Karkanis A, Ntatsi G, Lepse L, Fernández JA, Vågen IM, Rewald B, Alsiņa I, Kronberga A, Balliu A, Olle M, Bodner G, Dubova L, Rosa E, Savvas D. Faba Bean Cultivation - Revealing Novel Managing Practices for More Sustainable and Competitive European Cropping Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1115. [PMID: 30116251 PMCID: PMC6083270 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Faba beans are highly nutritious because of their high protein content: they are a good source of mineral nutrients, vitamins, and numerous bioactive compounds. Equally important is the contribution of faba bean in maintaining the sustainability of agricultural systems, as it is highly efficient in the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This article provides an overview of factors influencing faba bean yield and quality, and addresses the main biotic and abiotic constraints. It also reviews the factors relating to the availability of genetic material and the agronomic features of faba bean production that contribute to high yield and the improvement of European cropping systems. Emphasis is to the importance of using new high-yielding cultivars that are characterized by a high protein content, low antinutritional compound content, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. New cultivars should combine several of these characteristics if an increased and more stable production of faba bean in specific agroecological zones is to be achieved. Considering that climate change is also gradually affecting many European regions, it is imperative to breed elite cultivars that feature a higher abiotic-biotic stress resistance and nutritional value than currently used cultivars. Improved agronomical practices for faba bean crops, such as crop establishment and plant density, fertilization and irrigation regime, weed, pest and disease management, harvesting time, and harvesting practices are also addressed, since they play a crucial role in both the production and quality of faba bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anestis Karkanis
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Liga Lepse
- Pūre Horticultural Research Centre, Pūre, Latvia
- Institute of Horticulture, Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Juan A. Fernández
- Department of Horticulture, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ingunn M. Vågen
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Alsiņa
- Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Arta Kronberga
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Priekuli, Latvia
| | - Astrit Balliu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Margit Olle
- Estonian Crop Research Institute, Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - Gernot Bodner
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laila Dubova
- Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- UTAD-CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Dimitrios Savvas,
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Abdulla JM, Rose SP, Mackenzie AM, Ivanova SG, Staykova GP, Pirgozliev VR. Nutritional value of raw and micronised field beans (Vicia faba L. var. minor) with and without enzyme supplementation containing tannase for growing chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 70:350-63. [PMID: 27494637 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2016.1214344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An experiment examined the effects of two field bean cultivar samples with different tannin contents, the effect of heat treatment (micronising) and the effect of dietary supplementation of a proprietary enzyme preparation containing tannase, pectinase, and xylanase activities on metabolisable energy (ME), total tract dry matter digestibility (DMD) and ether extract digestibility (EED), nitrogen retention (NR), tannin degradability, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, and endogenous mucin losses excretion in broiler chickens. The Control diet contained per kg 221 g crude protein and 12.83 MJ ME. Four additional diets contained 300 g/kg of each of the two untreated or micronised experimental field bean cultivar samples. Each diet was then split into two batches and one of them was supplemented with 3400 units tannase per kg diet resulting in 10 diets in total. Each diet was fed to seven pens with two randomly selected male broilers each. Birds fed the high tannin bean sample had a lower weight gain (p < 0.001), and a lower determined apparent ME (p < 0.05), and DMD (p < 0.001) but a higher tannin degradability (p < 0.001). Compared to the Control diet, feeding field beans increased (p < 0.001) the weights of the proventriculus and gizzard of the birds, and also increased endogenous mucin losses (p < 0.05). Supplementing diets with the tannase-containing enzyme preparation improved dietary ME (p < 0.001), DMD (p < 0.001), NR (p < 0.001) and DEE (p < 0.05), but did not change tannin degradability. Heat treatment of the beans reduced the degradability of condensed tannins and increased endogenous mucin losses (p < 0.05). The differences in the feeding value of the different field bean samples were not improved by heat treatment, but enzyme supplementation improved the feeding value of all diets regardless of the bean samples or heat treatment. Further research is warranted to study the effectiveness of tannase supplementation in poultry diet formulations by dose response trials with purified tannase preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Mahmwd Abdulla
- a Department of Animal Production , Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK.,b National Institute of Poultry Husbandry , Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK
| | - Stephen Paul Rose
- a Department of Animal Production , Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK.,b National Institute of Poultry Husbandry , Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK
| | - Alexander Mackay Mackenzie
- a Department of Animal Production , Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK
| | - Sonya Georgieva Ivanova
- c Department of Animal Nutrition and Technology , Agricultural Institute , Shumen , Bulgaria
| | | | - Vasil Radoslavov Pirgozliev
- a Department of Animal Production , Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK.,b National Institute of Poultry Husbandry , Harper Adams University , Newport , Shropshire , UK
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Extrusion cooking improves the metabolisable energy of faba beans and the amino acid digestibility in broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Usayran NN, Sha'ar H, Barbour GW, Yau SK, Maalouf F, Farran MT. Nutritional value, performance, carcass quality, visceral organ size, and blood clinical chemistry of broiler chicks fed 30% tannin-free fava bean diets. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2018-27. [PMID: 24894523 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the chemical and nutritional values of 5 tannin-free fava bean (FB) cultivars (FB9, FB10, FB13, FB17, and FB24) on growth, visceral organ size, and blood clinical chemistry of broiler chicks fed a corn-soybean meal 48 (SBM48) diet containing 30% tannin-free FB. In the first experiment, 49 Hy-line roosters, 55 wk of age, were individually precision-fed 30 g of each FB cultivar and soybean meal 44 (SBM44). Protein, methionine, and lysine contents of the FB seeds (0.005% tannin) were 27.7, 0.23, and 1.98% of DM, respectively. The AMEn of all FB cultivars was 2,839 kcal/kg and higher (P < 0.05) than SBM44. The true lysine digestibility of FB10 (94.1) was higher (P < 0.05) than FB9 (89.0%) and FB24 (89.2%), but comparable with the other fava beans. The FB cultivar's true methionine digestibilities were similar among each other and to SBM44. In a battery feeding trial, 6 corn-SBM48 diets containing 0 (control) or 30% of FB9, FB10, FB13, FB17, or FB24 seeds were each fed to Ross 308 1-wk-old male broiler chicks for 14 d. The determined FB nutrient values were used in formulating FB-containing diets. Birds fed FB-containing diets had better (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed conversion than those of the control. When compared with the control birds, relative weights of abdominal fat pad and liver were reduced (P < 0.05) by 30% inclusion of all dietary FB varieties, except for FB17 and FB13, respectively. Broiler chicks fed the FB13 diet had plasma thrombocyte and white blood cell (WBC) differential counts higher (P < 0.05) than those fed the FB10 diet and WBC count higher (P < 0.05) than the birds fed the FB17 diet. In conclusion, tannin-free FB was lower in protein, methionine, and lysine, but higher in AMEn, compared with SBM44. Moreover, FB seeds, especially FB10, can be included in a broiler chick diet with no adverse effects on performance, but FB13 increased WBC count.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Usayran
- Animal Production Department, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | - H Sha'ar
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G W Barbour
- Poultry Science Department, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Tel Amara, Lebanon
| | - S K Yau
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - F Maalouf
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Ibn Tabib-Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M T Farran
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Woyengo TA, Jha R, Beltranena E, Pharazyn A, Zijlstra RT. Nutrient digestibility of lentil and regular- and low-oligosaccharide, micronized full-fat soybean fed to grower pigs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:229-37. [PMID: 24167001 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and calculate the NE value for regular-oligosaccharide, micronized full-fat soybean (R-MFFSB), low-oligosaccharide, micronized full-fat soybean (LO-MFFSB), lentil, and enzymatically hydrolyzed casein (EHC) for growing pigs. Six ileal-cannulated barrows (31.4 kg BW) were fed 6 diets in a 6 × 6 Latin square. Five diets were cornstarch based, containing either soybean meal (SBM), R-MFFSB, LO-MFFSB, or EHC as sole protein source or N free. The sixth diet contained lentil as sole protein and energy source. The SID of AA for diets was calculated using the N-free diet. Digestibility of AA in feedstuffs was determined by the direct method. Energy digestibility in SBM, R-MFFSB, and LO-MFFSB was determined by difference from the N-free diet whereas energy digestibility in lentil was determined by the direct method. On DM basis, SBM, R-MFFSB, LO-MFFSB, and lentil contained 52, 43, 43, and 27% CP, 8, 12, 14, and 16% NDF, and 1.8, 19, 21, and 1.6% ether extract, respectively. The SID of Lys for SBM was greater (P < 0.05) than that for R-MFFSB or LO-MFFSB (76 vs. 79 and 79%). The SID of other indispensable AA (except Trp) for SBM was also greater (P < 0.05) than that for R-MFFSB or LO-MFFSB. The R-MFFSB and LO-MFFSB were similar in SID of AA. The SID of Lys for lentil (81%) was lower (P < 0.05) than that for SBM with a similar trend for SID of other indispensable AA except for Met and Thr whose SID was similar to SBM. The SID of AA for EHC ranged from 98 to 112%. The SBM had a lower (P < 0.05) NE value than R-MFFSB or LO-MFFSB (2.63 vs. 2.95 and 3.00 Mcal/kg DM). Lentil and SBM were similar in NE value (2.60 vs. 2.63 Mcal/kg DM). In conclusion, R-MFFSB and LO-MFFSB were similar in energy and AA value for pigs. Lentil had lower SID of AA than SBM. However, lentil and SBM were similar in NE value; therefore, lentil can serve as alternative pulse feedstuff for pigs. The AA in EHC were mostly completely digested indicating that EHC can be fed to estimate ileal endogenous AA losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Woyengo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Nandha NK, Woyengo TA, Payne RL, Nyachoti CM. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in pea protein isolates, wheat-corn distillers dried grains with solubles, and short-season corn fed to broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2013; 92:184-91. [PMID: 23243246 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) in 4 pea protein isolates [PPI; experiment (Exp.) 1], 5 wheat- and corn-derived distillers grains with solubles (wcDDGS; Exp. 2), and 5 short-season corn (Exp. 3) samples for broiler chickens were determined. In addition, a reference wheat sample was included in each experiment to measure the repeatability of the ileal digestibility assay used. Birds (n = 180 for Exp. 1 and n = 216 for Exp. 2 or 3) were fed test diets from d 15 to 21 of age. Reference wheat and PPI were included in test diets at 91.7 and 25%, respectively, as the sole source of AA, whereas wcDDGS and corn were combined with wheat in test diets at 47.7% test ingredient (wcDDGS or corn) and 51% wheat as the sources of AA. Chromic oxide at 0.3% was added in all diets as the indigestible marker. Each test diet was randomly assigned to 6 cages of 6 male birds each. On d 21, birds were killed and ileal digesta were collected to determine the AID of AA. The mean AID values for indispensable AA ranged from 86.0% (Thr) to 94.7% (Arg) for PPI, 50.7% (Lys) to 79.8% (Leu) for wcDDGS, and 73.9% (Thr) to 95.3% (Arg) for corn. Overall, the CV range for AID of AA was widest for wcDDGS (8.1% for Met to 29.4% for Lys) followed by corn (3.0% for Met to 10.7% for Thr) and then PPI (2.7% for Lys to 6.1% for Thr). For wcDDGS and corn, the within-sample variation (assay condition) was more than between-sample variation (feed differences), whereas the reverse was true for PPI. No differences were detected in the AID of CP and AA for reference wheat among experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Nandha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
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