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Baek SM, Kim MN, Kim EG, Lee YJ, Park CH, Kim MJ, Kim KW, Sohn MH. Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule Regulates the Expression of Interleukin-33 in RSV Induced Airway Inflammation by Regulating MAPK Signaling Pathways. Lung 2024; 202:127-137. [PMID: 38502305 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that causes acute lower respiratory tract infectious diseases, particularly in young children and older individuals. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed in various cell types, including epithelial cells, and is associated with inflammatory responses and various cancers. However, the precise role of ALCAM in RSV-induced airway inflammation remains unclear, and our study aimed to explore this gap in the literature. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type, ALCAM knockout mice and airway epithelial cells were infected with RSV and the expression of ALCAM and inflammatory cytokines were measured. We also conducted further experiments using Anti-ALCAM antibody and recombinant ALCAM in airway epithelial cells. RESULTS The expression levels of ALCAM and inflammatory cytokines increased in both RSV-infected mice and airway epithelial cells. Interestingly, IL-33 expression was significantly reduced in ALCAM-knockdown cells compared to control cells following RSV infection. Anti-ALCAM antibody treatment also reduced IL-33 expression following RSV infection. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK was diminished in ALCAM-knockdown cells compared to control cells following RSV infection. Notably, in the control cells, inhibition of these pathways significantly decreased the expression of IL-33. In vivo study also confirmed a reduction in inflammation induced by RSV infection in ALCAM deficient mice compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that ALCAM contributes to RSV-induced airway inflammation at least partly by influencing IL-33 expression through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. These results suggest that targeting ALCAM could be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating IL-33-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Gyul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tarique AA, Tuladhar N, Kelk D, Begum N, Lucas RM, Luo L, Stow JL, Wainwright CE, Bell SC, Sly PD, Fantino E. Azithromycin Augments Bacterial Uptake and Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:166. [PMID: 38247856 PMCID: PMC10813867 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin (AZM) is widely being used for treating patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) following clinical trials demonstrating improved lung function and fewer incidents of pulmonary exacerba-tions. While the precise mechanisms remain elusive, immunomodulatory actions are thought to be involved. We previously reported impaired phagocytosis and defective anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in CF. This study systematically analyzed the effect of AZM on the functions of unpolarized and M1/M2 polarized macrophages in CF. METHODS Monocytes, isolated from the venous blood of patients with CF (pwCF) and healthy controls (HCs), were differentiated into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and subsequently infected with P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa uptake and killing by MDMs in the presence or absence of AZM was studied. M1 and M2 macrophage polarizations were induced and their functions and cytokine release were analyzed. RESULTS Following AZM treatment, both HC and CF MDMs exhibited a significant increase in P. aeruginosa uptake and killing, however, lysosomal acidification remained unchanged. AZM treatment led to higher activation of ERK1/2 in both HC and CF MDMs. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 using U0126 significantly reduced P. aeruginosa uptake in HC MDMs. M1 macrophage polarization remained unaffected; however, AZM treatment led to increased IL-6 and IL-10 release in both HC and CF M1 macrophages. AZM also significantly increased the phagocytic index for both pHrodo E. coli and S. aureus in CF M1 macrophages. In CF, AZM treatment promoted anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, with an increased percentage of CD209+ M2 macrophages, induction of the M2 gene CCL18, along with its secretion in the culture supernatant. However, AZM d'd not restore endocytosis in CF, another essential feature of M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the cellular functions and molecular targets of AZM which may involve an improved uptake of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, restored anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in CF. This may in turn shape the reduced lung inflammation observed in clinical trials. In addition, we confirmed the role of ERK1/2 activation for bacterial uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Tarique
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Neeraj Tuladhar
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Dean Kelk
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Nelufa Begum
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Richard M. Lucas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Claire E. Wainwright
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Scott C. Bell
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
- Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032, Australia
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Child Health Research Centre (CHRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia (P.D.S.); (E.F.)
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Ghosh SK, Shukla D, Mahor H, Srivastava SK, Bodhale N, Banerjee R, Saha B. Leishmania surface molecule lipophosphoglycan-TLR2 interaction moderates TPL2-mediated TLR2 signalling for parasite survival. Immunology 2024; 171:117-130. [PMID: 37849037 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, resides and replicates in macrophages and inflicts the potentially fatal disease visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The parasite-expressed surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG) was implicated in binding TLR2 on NK cells, but the modus operandi of its disease-promoting influence remained unknown. As TPL2, a member of the MAPK module in mammalian macrophages, was implicated in the anti-inflammatory immune response and promoting pathogen survival, we investigated the possibility of TPL2-directed LPG-TLR2 signalling in Leishmania infection. We observed that TLR2 or TPL2 blockade differentially influenced the TLR2 ligand proteoglycan (PGN)-induced p38MAPK and ERK-1/2 activation. TLR2 blockade abrogated the PGN-induced TPL2 activation. L. donovani infection impaired the Akt activation whereas, upon TPL2 inhibition, the infection fails to control Akt phosphorylation. In L. donovani-infected macrophages, TLR2 blocking negatively affected p38, Akt and TPL2 phosphorylation while ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased relative to the infection alone. TPL2 blockade reduced TGF-β, but increased TNF-α expression and diminished amastigote count in macrophages. While exploring stimulation patterns of TLR2 ligands, LPG, unlike PGN, selectively increased TLR2 expression in macrophages. LPG blockade increased p38MAPK and AKT, but slightly affected ERK-1/2 and significantly reduced TPL2 phosphorylation from L. donovani-infected macrophages. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis drew a parallel between LPG's glycan chain lengths with the frequency of interaction with TLR2 which might impact TLR2 signalling. Therefore, the parasite regulates the TLR2 signalling via TPL2 when elicited by LPG-TLR2 interaction for pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kanti Ghosh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Hima Mahor
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Raja Banerjee
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Nedeva D, Kowal K, Mihaicuta S, Guidos Fogelbach G, Steiropoulos P, Jose Chong-Neto H, Tiotiu A. Epithelial alarmins: a new target to treat chronic respiratory diseases. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:773-786. [PMID: 37746733 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2262920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In response to injury, epithelial cells release alarmins including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), high mobility group-box-1 (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-33 and -25 that can initiate innate immune responses. These alarmins are recognized as activators of T2-immune responses characteristic for asthma, but recent evidence highlighted their role in non-T2 inflammation, airway remodeling, and pulmonary fibrosis making them an attractive therapeutic target for chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). AREAS COVERED In this review, firstly we discuss the role of TSLP, IL-33, IL-25, and HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of asthma, COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis according to the published data. In the second part, we summarize the current evidence concerning the efficacy of the antialarmin therapies in CRD. Recent clinical trials showed that anti-TSLP and IL-33/R antibodies can improve severe asthma outcomes. Blocking the IL-33-mediated pathway decreased the exacerbation rate in COPD patients with more important benefit for former-smokers. EXPERT OPINION Despite progress in the understanding of the alarmins' role in the pathogenesis of CRD, all their mechanisms of action are not yet identified. Blocking IL-33 and TSLP pathways offers an interesting option to treat severe asthma and COPD, but future investigations are needed to establish their place in the treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denislava Nedeva
- Clinic of Asthma and Allergology, UMBAL Alexandrovska, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stefan Mihaicuta
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pulmonology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Herberto Jose Chong-Neto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Complexo Hospital de Clinicas Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Tiotiu
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Development, Adaptation and Disadvantage. Cardiorespiratory regulations and motor control (EA 3450 DevAH), University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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5
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Cook DP, Thomas CM, Wu AY, Rusznak M, Zhang J, Zhou W, Cephus JY, Gibson-Corley KN, Polosukhin VV, Norlander AE, Newcomb DC, Stoltz DA, Peebles RS. Cystic Fibrosis Reprograms Airway Epithelial IL-33 Release and Licenses IL-33-Dependent Inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1486-1497. [PMID: 36952660 PMCID: PMC10263140 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202211-2096oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Type 2 inflammation has been described in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Whether loss of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) function contributes directly to a type 2 inflammatory response has not been fully defined. Objectives: The potent alarmin IL-33 has emerged as a critical regulator of type 2 inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that CFTR deficiency increases IL-33 expression and/or release and deletion of IL-33 reduces allergen-induced inflammation in the CF lung. Methods: Human airway epithelial cells (AECs) grown from non-CF and CF cell lines and Cftr+/+ and Cftr-/- mice were used in this study. Pulmonary inflammation in Cftr+/+ and Cftr-/- mice with and without IL-33 or ST2 (IL-1 receptor-like 1) germline deletion was determined by histological analysis, BAL, and cytokine analysis. Measurements and Main Results: After allergen challenge, both CF human AECs and Cftr-/- mice had increased IL-33 expression compared with control AECs and Cftr+/+ mice, respectively. DUOX1 (dual oxidase 1) expression was increased in CF human AECs and Cftr-/- mouse lungs compared with control AECs and lungs from Cftr+/+ mice and was necessary for the increased IL-33 release in Cftr-/- mice compared with Cftr+/+ mice. IL-33 stimulation of Cftr-/- CD4+ T cells resulted in increased type 2 cytokine production compared with Cftr+/+ CD4+ T cells. Deletion of IL-33 or ST2 decreased both type 2 inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in Cftr-/- mice compared with Cftr+/+ mice. Conclusions: Absence of CFTR reprograms airway epithelial IL-33 release and licenses IL-33-dependent inflammation. Modulation of the IL-33/ST2 axis represents a novel therapeutic target in CF type 2-high and neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David A. Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gagliardo R, Anzalone G, Profita M. Impact of Air Pollution in Airway Diseases: Role of the Epithelial Cells (Cell Models and Biomarkers). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2799. [PMID: 35269941 PMCID: PMC8911203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research is multidisciplinary and often uses integrated approaches performing different experimental models with complementary functions. This approach is important to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms concerning the effects of environmental pollution on human health. The biological activity of the substances is investigated at least to three levels using molecular, cellular, and human tissue models. Each of these is able to give specific answers to experimental problems. A scientific approach, using biological methods (wet lab), cell cultures (cell lines or primary), isolated organs (three-dimensional cell cultures of primary epithelial cells), and animal organisms, including the human body, aimed to understand the effects of air pollution on the onset of diseases of the respiratory system. Biological methods are divided into three complementary models: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In vitro experiments do not require the use of whole organisms (in vivo study), while ex vivo experiments use isolated organs or parts of organs. The concept of complementarity and the informatic support are useful tools to organize, analyze, and interpret experimental data, with the aim of discussing scientific notions with objectivity and rationality in biology and medicine. In this scenario, the integrated and complementary use of different experimental models is important to obtain useful and global information that allows us to identify the effect of inhaled pollutants on the incidence of respiratory diseases in the exposed population. In this review, we focused our attention on the impact of air pollution in airway diseases with a rapid and descriptive analysis on the role of epithelium and on the experimental cell models useful to study the effect of toxicants on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
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Latha K, Jamison KF, Watford WT. Tpl2 Ablation Leads to Hypercytokinemia and Excessive Cellular Infiltration to the Lungs During Late Stages of Influenza Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738490. [PMID: 34691044 PMCID: PMC8529111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a serine-threonine kinase known to promote inflammation in response to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inflammatory cytokines and G-protein-coupled receptors and consequently aids in host resistance to pathogens. We have recently shown that Tpl2-/- mice succumb to infection with a low-pathogenicity strain of influenza (x31, H3N2) by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we sought to characterize the cytokine and immune cell profile of influenza-infected Tpl2-/- mice to gain insight into its host protective effects. Although Tpl2-/- mice display modestly impaired viral control, no virus was observed in the lungs of Tpl2-/- mice on the day of peak morbidity and mortality suggesting that morbidity is not due to virus cytopathic effects but rather to an overactive antiviral immune response. Indeed, increased levels of interferon-β (IFN-β), the IFN-inducible monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2), Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α; CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), RANTES (CCL5), IP-10 (CXCL10) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was observed in the lungs of influenza-infected Tpl2-/- mice at 7 days post infection (dpi). Elevated cytokine and chemokines were accompanied by increased infiltration of the lungs with inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. Additionally, we noted that increased IFN-β correlated with increased CCL2, CXCL1 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression in the lungs, which has been associated with severe influenza infections. Bone marrow chimeras with Tpl2 ablation localized to radioresistant cells confirmed that Tpl2 functions, at least in part, within radioresistant cells to limit pro-inflammatory response to viral infection. Collectively, this study suggests that Tpl2 tempers inflammation during influenza infection by constraining the production of interferons and chemokines which are known to promote the recruitment of detrimental inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Latha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Katelyn F. Jamison
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Wendy T. Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Zhang WJ, Chen SJ, Zhou SC, Wu SZ, Wang H. Inflammasomes and Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643149. [PMID: 34177893 PMCID: PMC8226128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final common pathway of inflammatory diseases in various organs. The inflammasomes play an important role in the progression of fibrosis as innate immune receptors. There are four main members of the inflammasomes, such as NOD-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), NOD-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), among which NLRP3 inflammasome is the most studied. NLRP3 inflammasome is typically composed of NLRP3, ASC and pro-caspase-1. The activation of inflammasome involves both "classical" and "non-classical" pathways and the former pathway is better understood. The "classical" activation pathway of inflammasome is that the backbone protein is activated by endogenous/exogenous stimulation, leading to inflammasome assembly. After the formation of "classic" inflammasome, pro-caspase-1 could self-activate. Caspase-1 cleaves cytokine precursors into mature cytokines, which are secreted extracellularly. At present, the "non-classical" activation pathway of inflammasome has not formed a unified model for activation process. This article reviews the role of NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 inflammasome, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 in the fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shu-Juan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shun-Chang Zhou
- Department of Experimental Animals, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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9
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Ramu S, Calvén J, Michaeloudes C, Menzel M, Akbarshahi H, Chung KF, Uller L. TLR3/TAK1 signalling regulates rhinovirus-induced interleukin-33 in bronchial smooth muscle cells. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00147-2020. [PMID: 33043044 PMCID: PMC7533303 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00147-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma exacerbations are commonly associated with rhinovirus (RV) infection. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays an important role during exacerbation by enhancing Type 2 inflammation. Recently we showed that RV infects bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) triggering production of interferons and IL-33. Here we compared levels of RV-induced IL-33 in BSMCs from healthy and asthmatic subjects, and explored the involvement of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and downstream signalling pathways in IL-33 expression. Method BSMCs from healthy and severe and non-severe asthmatic patients were infected with RV1B or stimulated with the PRR agonists poly(I:C) (Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)), imiquimod (TLR7) and poly(I:C)/LyoVec (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)). Knockdown of TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5 was performed, and inhibitors targeting TBK1, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) were used. Gene and protein expression were assessed. Results RV triggered IL-33 gene and protein expression in BSMCs. BSMCs from patients with non-severe asthma showed higher baseline and RV-induced IL-33 gene expression compared to cells from patients with severe asthma and healthy controls. Furthermore, RV-induced IL-33 expression in BSMCs from healthy and asthmatic individuals was attenuated by knockdown of TLR3. Inhibition of TAK1, but not NF-κB or TBK1, limited RV-induced IL-33. The cytokine secretion profile showed higher production of IL-33 in BSMCs from patients with non-severe asthma compared to healthy controls upon RV infection. In addition, BSMCs from patients with non-severe asthma had higher levels of RV-induced IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-5 and IL-13. Conclusion RV infection caused higher levels of IL-33 and increased pro-inflammatory and Type 2 cytokine release in BSMCs from patients with non-severe asthma. RV-induced IL-33 expression was mainly regulated by TLR3 and downstream via TAK1. These signalling molecules represent potential therapeutic targets for treating asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus-induced IL-33 is overexpressed in bronchial smooth muscle cells from asthmatics, and the production of IL-33 following infection is mediated by activation of TLR3 and downstream TAK1 signallinghttps://bit.ly/3fXH0h3
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ramu
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jenny Calvén
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Mandy Menzel
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lena Uller
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Helicobacter pylori Induces IL-33 Production and Recruits ST-2 to Lipid Rafts to Exacerbate Inflammation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101290. [PMID: 31640262 PMCID: PMC6830106 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes human gastric epithelial cells and contributes to the development of several gastrointestinal disorders. Interleukin (IL)-33 is involved in various immune responses, with reported proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, which may be associated with colitis and colitis-associated cancer. IL-33 induces the inflammatory cascade through its receptor, suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST-2). Binding of IL-33 to membrane-bound ST-2 (mST-2) recruits the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) and activates intracellular signaling pathways. However, whether IL-33/ST-2 is triggered by H. pylori infection and whether this interaction occurs in lipid rafts remain unclear. Our study showed that both IL-33 and ST-2 expression levels were significantly elevated in H. pylori-infected cells. Confocal microscopy showed that ST-2 mobilized into the membrane lipid rafts during infection. Depletion of membrane cholesterol dampened H. pylori-induced IL-33 and IL-8 production. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed IL-33/ST-2 upregulation, and severe leukocyte infiltration was observed in gastric tissues infected with H. pylori. Together, these results demonstrate that ST-2 recruitment into the lipid rafts serves as a platform for IL-33-dependent H. pylori infection, which aggravates inflammation in the stomach.
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11
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Wittekindt OH. Tight junctions in pulmonary epithelia during lung inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:135-147. [PMID: 27921210 PMCID: PMC5203840 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases like asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergic airway inflammation are widespread public diseases that constitute an enormous burden to the health systems. Mainly classified as inflammatory diseases, the treatment focuses on strategies interfering with local inflammatory responses by the immune system. Inflammatory lung diseases predispose patients to severe lung failures like alveolar oedema, respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. These life-threatening syndromes are caused by increased permeability of the alveolar and airway epithelium and exudate formation. However, the mechanism underlying epithelium barrier breakdown in the lung during inflammation is elusive. This review emphasises the role of the tight junction of the airway epithelium as the predominating structure conferring epithelial tightness and preventing exudate formation and the impact of inflammatory perturbations on their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H Wittekindt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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12
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Shi M, Yu Y, Wang H, Cao WM, Zhao Y, Zhang H. TAK1 inhibitor NG25 enhances doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32737. [PMID: 27599572 PMCID: PMC5013439 DOI: 10.1038/srep32737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox, Adriamycin) has been widely used in breast cancer treatment. But its severe cardio-toxic side effects limited the clinical use. Dox treatment can induce DNA damage and other accompanying effects in cancer cells, and subsequently activates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway which has a strong pro-survival role in different types of malignancy. We hypothesize that blocking NF-κB pathway may sensitize breast cancer cells to Dox chemotherapy. TGFβ-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is a key intracellular molecule participating in genotoxic stresses-induced NF-κB activation. Targeting TAK1 as a strategy to enhance cancer treatment efficacy has been studied in several malignancies. We showed that NG25, a synthesized TAK1 inhibitor, greatly enhanced Dox treatment efficacy in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. In this pre-clinical study, we found that NG25 partially blocked Dox-induced p38 phosphorylation and IκBα degradation and enhanced Dox-induced cytotoxic effects and apoptosis in all breast cancer cell lines tested. Taken together, we provided clear evidence that NG25 sensitizes the breast cancer cells to Dox treatment in vitro. This combination may be an effective and feasible therapeutic option maximizing Dox efficacy and meanwhile minimizing Dox side effects in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Minghao Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Wen-Ming Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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