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Rezende SB, Chan LY, Oshiro KGN, Buccini DF, Leal APF, Ribeiro CF, Souza CM, Brandão ALO, Gonçalves RM, Cândido ES, Macedo MLR, Craik DJ, Franco OL, Cardoso MH. Peptide PaDBS1R6 has potent antibacterial activity on clinical bacterial isolates and integrates an immunomodulatory peptide fragment within its sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130693. [PMID: 39147109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant infectious diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria are among the most serious worldwide health problems. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been explored as promising antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-infective candidates to address these health challenges. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Here we report the potent antibacterial effect of the peptide PaDBS1R6 on clinical bacterial isolates and identify an immunomodulatory peptide fragment incorporated within it. PaDBS1R6 was evaluated against Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli clinical isolates and had minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 8 to 32 μmol L-1. It had a rapid bactericidal effect, with eradication showing within 3 min of incubation, depending on the bacterial strain tested. In addition, PaDBS1R6 inhibited biofilm formation for A. baumannii and E. coli and was non-toxic toward healthy mammalian cells. These findings are explained by the preference of PaDBS1R6 for anionic membranes over neutral membranes, as assessed by surface plasmon resonance assays and molecular dynamics simulations. Considering its potent antibacterial activity, PaDBS1R6 was used as a template for sliding-window fr agmentation studies (window size = 10 residues). Among the sliding-window fragments, PaDBS1R6F8, PaDBS1R6F9, and PaDBS1R6F10 were ineffective against any of the bacterial strains tested. Additional biological assays were conducted, including nitric oxide (NO) modulation and wound scratch assays, and the R6F8 peptide fragment was found to be active in modulating NO levels, as well as having strong wound healing properties. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study proposes a new concept whereby peptides with different biological properties can be derived by the screening of fragments from within potent AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samilla B Rezende
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil
| | - Lai Yue Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen G N Oshiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910900, Brazil
| | - Danieli F Buccini
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferreira Leal
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil
| | - Camila F Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Souza
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil
| | - Amanda L O Brandão
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil
| | - Regina M Gonçalves
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil
| | - Elizabete S Cândido
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 70790160, Brazil
| | - Maria L R Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910900, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 70790160, Brazil
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, Brazil.
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Guerra MES, Vieira B, Calazans APCT, Destro GV, Melo K, Rodrigues E, Waz NT, Girardello R, Darrieux M, Converso TR. Recent advances in the therapeutic potential of cathelicidins. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1405760. [PMID: 38989014 PMCID: PMC11233757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance in the last decades has prompted the search for alternatives to control infectious diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a heterogeneous class of molecules with ample antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects. They can be found in many organisms, including all classes of vertebrates, providing a valuable source of new antimicrobial agents. The unique properties of AMPs make it harder for microbes develop resistance, while their immunomodulatory properties and target diversity reinforce their translational use in multiple diseases, from autoimmune disorders to different types of cancer. The latest years have witnessed a vast number of studies evaluating the use of AMPs in therapy, with many progressing to clinical trials. The present review explores the recent developments in the medicinal properties of cathelicidins, a vast family of AMPs with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. Cathelicidins from several organisms have been tested in disease models of viral and bacterial infections, inflammatory diseases, and tumors, with encouraging results. Combining nanomaterials with active, natural antimicrobial peptides, including LL-37 and synthetic analogs like ceragenins, leads to the creation of innovative nanoagents with significant clinical promise. However, there are still important limitations, such as the toxicity of many cathelicidins to healthy host cells and low stability in vivo. The recent advances in nanomaterials and synthetic biology may help overcome the current limitations, enabling the use of cathelicidins in future therapeutics. Furthermore, a better understanding of the mechanisms of cathelicidin action in vivo and their synergy with other host molecules will contribute to the development of safer, highly effective therapies.
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Tajer L, Paillart JC, Dib H, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z, Abi Khattar Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides in the Modern Era: An Updated Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1259. [PMID: 39065030 PMCID: PMC11279074 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious global health concern, resulting in a significant number of deaths annually due to infections that are resistant to treatment. Amidst this crisis, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics (ATBs). These cationic peptides, naturally produced by all kingdoms of life, play a crucial role in the innate immune system of multicellular organisms and in bacterial interspecies competition by exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. AMPs target bacterial pathogens through multiple mechanisms, most importantly by disrupting their membranes, leading to cell lysis. However, bacterial resistance to host AMPs has emerged due to a slow co-evolutionary process between microorganisms and their hosts. Alarmingly, the development of resistance to last-resort AMPs in the treatment of MDR infections, such as colistin, is attributed to the misuse of this peptide and the high rate of horizontal genetic transfer of the corresponding resistance genes. AMP-resistant bacteria employ diverse mechanisms, including but not limited to proteolytic degradation, extracellular trapping and inactivation, active efflux, as well as complex modifications in bacterial cell wall and membrane structures. This review comprehensively examines all constitutive and inducible molecular resistance mechanisms to AMPs supported by experimental evidence described to date in bacterial pathogens. We also explore the specificity of these mechanisms toward structurally diverse AMPs to broaden and enhance their potential in developing and applying them as therapeutics for MDR bacteria. Additionally, we provide insights into the significance of AMP resistance within the context of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Tajer
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Department of Cell Culture, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (L.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Paillart
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, 2 Allée Konrad Roentgen, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Hanna Dib
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Department of Cell Culture, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (L.T.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Abi Khattar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
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Nair ZJ, Gao IH, Firras A, Chong KKL, Hill ED, Choo PY, Colomer-Winter C, Chen Q, Manzano C, Pethe K, Kline KA. An essential protease, FtsH, influences daptomycin resistance acquisition in Enterococcus faecalis. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:1021-1038. [PMID: 38527904 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Daptomycin is a last-line antibiotic commonly used to treat vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, but resistance evolves rapidly and further restricts already limited treatment options. While genetic determinants associated with clinical daptomycin resistance (DAPR) have been described, information on factors affecting the speed of DAPR acquisition is limited. The multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF), a phosphatidylglycerol-modifying enzyme involved in cationic antimicrobial resistance, is linked to DAPR in pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Since Enterococcus faecalis encodes two paralogs of mprF and clinical DAPR mutations do not map to mprF, we hypothesized that functional redundancy between the paralogs prevents mprF-mediated resistance and masks other evolutionary pathways to DAPR. Here, we performed in vitro evolution to DAPR in mprF mutant background. We discovered that the absence of mprF results in slowed DAPR evolution and is associated with inactivating mutations in ftsH, resulting in the depletion of the chaperone repressor HrcA. We also report that ftsH is essential in the parental, but not in the ΔmprF, strain where FtsH depletion results in growth impairment in the parental strain, a phenotype associated with reduced extracellular acidification and reduced ability for metabolic reduction. This presents FtsH and HrcA as enticing targets for developing anti-resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeus Jaren Nair
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Graduate College, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iris Hanxing Gao
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aslam Firras
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Kian Long Chong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Graduate College, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric D Hill
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Choo
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cristina Colomer-Winter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline Manzano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Pethe
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A Kline
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Lee J, Mohammad N, Lu Y, Oshins R, Aranyos A, Brantly M. Alpha-defensins inhibit ERK/STAT3 signaling during monocyte-macrophage differentiation and impede macrophage function. Respir Res 2023; 24:309. [PMID: 38082274 PMCID: PMC10714504 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder associated with a 5-tenfold decrease in lung levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and an increased risk for obstructive lung disease. α-defensins are cationic broad-spectrum cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory peptides found in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. The concentration of α-defensins is less than 30 nM in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy controls but is up to 6 μM in AATD individuals with significant lung function impairment. Alveolar macrophages are generally classified into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) subsets that play distinct roles in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Therefore, monocyte-macrophage differentiation should be tightly controlled to maintain lung integrity. In this study, we determined the effect of α-defensins on monocyte-macrophage differentiation and identified the molecular mechanism of this effect. The results of this study demonstrate that 2.5 μM of α-defensins inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3 and suppress the expression of M2 macrophage markers, CD163 and CD206. In addition, a scratch assay shows that the high concentration of α-defensins inhibits cell movement by ~ 50%, and the phagocytosis assay using flow cytometry shows that α-defensins significantly reduce the bacterial phagocytosis rate of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). To examine whether exogenous AAT is able to alleviate the inhibitory effect of α-defensins on macrophage function, we incubated MDMs with AAT prior to α-defensin treatment and demonstrate that AAT improves the migratory ability and phagocytic ability of MDMs compared with MDMs incubated only with α-defensins. Taken together, this study suggests that a high concentration of α-defensins inhibits the activation of ERK/STAT3 signaling, negatively regulates the expression of M2 macrophage markers, and impairs innate immune function of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungnam Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naweed Mohammad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Regina Oshins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alek Aranyos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Wang X, van Beekveld RAM, Xu Y, Parmar A, Das S, Singh I, Breukink E. Analyzing mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides on bacterial membranes requires multiple complimentary assays and different bacterial strains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184160. [PMID: 37100361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) commonly target bacterial membranes and show broad-spectrum activity against microorganisms. In this research we used three AMPs (nisin, epilancin 15×, [R4L10]-teixobactin) and tested their membrane effects towards three strains (Staphylococcus simulans, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus megaterium) in relation with their antibacterial activity. We describe fluorescence and luminescence-based assays to measure effects on membrane potential, intracellular pH, membrane permeabilization and intracellular ATP levels. The results show that our control peptide, nisin, performed mostly as expected in view of its targeted pore-forming activity, with fast killing kinetics that coincided with severe membrane permeabilization in all three strains. However, the mechanisms of action of both Epilancin 15× as well as [R4L10]-teixobactin appeared to depend strongly on the bacterium tested. In certain specific combinations of assay, peptide and bacterium, deviations from the general picture were observed. This was even the case for nisin, indicating the importance of using multiple assays and bacteria for mode of action studies to be able to draw proper conclusions on the mode of action of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roy A M van Beekveld
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yang Xu
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anish Parmar
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK
| | - Sanjit Das
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiotechnology Research of China, the Zhejiang Gongshang University of China, Hangzhou, China.
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Mitchell ME, Gatzeva-Topalova PZ, Bargmann AD, Sammakia T, Sousa MC. Targeting the Conformational Change in ArnA Dehydrogenase for Selective Inhibition of Polymyxin Resistance. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2216-2227. [PMID: 37410993 PMCID: PMC10914316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymyxins are important last resort antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. However, pathogens have acquired resistance to polymyxins through a pathway that modifies lipid A with 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (Ara4N). Inhibition of this pathway is, therefore, a desirable strategy to combat polymyxin resistance. The first pathway-specific reaction is an NAD+-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) catalyzed by the dehydrogenase domain of ArnA (ArnA_DH). We present the crystal structure of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ArnA in complex with UDP-GlcA showing that binding of the sugar nucleotide is sufficient to trigger a conformational change conserved in bacterial ArnA_DHs but absent in its human homologs, as confirmed by structure and sequence analysis. Ligand binding assays show that the conformational change is essential for NAD+ binding and catalysis. Enzyme activity and binding assays show that (i) UDP-GlcA analogs lacking the 6' carboxylic acid bind the enzyme but fail to trigger the conformational change, resulting in poor inhibition, and (ii) the uridine monophosphate moiety of the substrate provides most of the ligand binding energy. Mutation of asparagine 492 to alanine (N492A) disrupts the ability of ArnA_DH to undergo the conformational change while retaining substrate binding, suggesting that N492 is involved in sensing the 6' carboxylate in the substrate. These results identify the UDP-GlcA-induced conformational change in ArnA_DH as an essential mechanistic step in bacterial enzymes, providing a platform for selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | | | - Austin D. Bargmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Tarek Sammakia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Marcelo C. Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
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Bodie AR, O'Bryan CA, Olson EG, Ricke SC. Natural Antimicrobials for Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Meats: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1301. [PMID: 37317275 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, an intra-cellular, Gram-positive, pathogenic bacterium, is one of the leading agents of foodborne illnesses. The morbidity of human listeriosis is low, but it has a high mortality rate of approximately 20% to 30%. L. monocytogenes is a psychotropic organism, making it a significant threat to ready-to-eat (RTE) meat product food safety. Listeria contamination is associated with the food processing environment or post-cooking cross-contamination events. The potential use of antimicrobials in packaging can reduce foodborne disease risk and spoilage. Novel antimicrobials can be advantageous for limiting Listeria and improving the shelf life of RTE meat. This review will discuss the Listeria occurrence in RTE meat products and potential natural antimicrobial additives for controlling Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Bodie
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Corliss A O'Bryan
- Food Science Department, University of Aransas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Elena G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Depleting Cationic Lipids Involved in Antimicrobial Resistance Drives Adaptive Lipid Remodeling in Enterococcus faecalis. mBio 2023; 14:e0307322. [PMID: 36629455 PMCID: PMC9973042 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03073-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell membrane is an interface for cell envelope synthesis, protein secretion, virulence factor assembly, and a target for host cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). To resist CAMP killing, several Gram-positive pathogens encode the multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) enzyme that covalently attaches cationic amino acids to anionic phospholipids in the cell membrane. While E. faecalis encodes two mprF paralogs, MprF2 plays a dominant role in conferring resistance to killing by the CAMP human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2) in E. faecalis strain OG1RF. The goal of the current study is to understand the broader lipidomic and functional roles of E. faecalis mprF. We analyzed the lipid profiles of parental wild-type and mprF mutant strains and show that while ΔmprF2 and ΔmprF1 ΔmprF2 mutants completely lacked cationic lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG), the ΔmprF1 mutant synthesized ~70% of L-PG compared to the parent. Unexpectedly, we also observed a significant reduction of PG in ΔmprF2 and ΔmprF1 ΔmprF2. In the mprF mutants, particularly ΔmprF1 ΔmprF2, the decrease in L-PG and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is compensated by an increase in a phosphorus-containing lipid, glycerophospho-diglucosyl-diacylglycerol (GPDGDAG), and D-ala-GPDGDAG. These changes were accompanied by a downregulation of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and an accumulation of long-chain acyl-acyl carrier proteins (long-chain acyl-ACPs), suggesting that the suppression of fatty acid biosynthesis was mediated by the transcriptional repressor FabT. Growth in chemically defined media lacking fatty acids revealed severe growth defects in the ΔmprF1 ΔmprF2 mutant strain, but not the single mutants, which was partially rescued through supplementation with palmitic and stearic acids. Changes in lipid homeostasis correlated with lower membrane fluidity, impaired protein secretion, and increased biofilm formation in both ΔmprF2 and ΔmprF1 ΔmprF2, compared to the wild type and ΔmprF1. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for mprF in global lipid regulation and cellular physiology, which could facilitate the development of novel therapeutics targeting MprF. IMPORTANCE The cell membrane plays a pivotal role in protecting bacteria against external threats, such as antibiotics. Cationic phospholipids such as lysyl-phosphatidyglycerol (L-PG) resist the action of cationic antimicrobial peptides through electrostatic repulsion. Here we demonstrate that L-PG depletion has several unexpected consequences in Enterococcus faecalis, including a reduction of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), enrichment of a phosphorus-containing lipid, reduced fatty acid synthesis accompanied by an accumulation of long-chain acyl-acyl carrier proteins (long chain acyl-ACPs), lower membrane fluidity, and impaired secretion. These changes are not deleterious to the organism as long as exogenous fatty acids are available for uptake from the culture medium. Our findings suggest an adaptive mechanism involving compensatory changes across the entire lipidome upon removal of a single phospholipid modification. Such adaptations must be considered when devising antimicrobial strategies that target membrane lipids.
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10
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Cho THS, Pick K, Raivio TL. Bacterial envelope stress responses: Essential adaptors and attractive targets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119387. [PMID: 36336206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Millions of deaths a year across the globe are linked to antimicrobial resistant infections. The need to develop new treatments and repurpose of existing antibiotics grows more pressing as the growing antimicrobial resistance pandemic advances. In this review article, we propose that envelope stress responses, the signaling pathways bacteria use to recognize and adapt to damage to the most vulnerable outer compartments of the microbial cell, are attractive targets. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) support colonization and infection by responding to a plethora of toxic envelope stresses encountered throughout the body; they have been co-opted into virulence networks where they work like global positioning systems to coordinate adhesion, invasion, microbial warfare, and biofilm formation. We highlight progress in the development of therapeutic strategies that target ESR signaling proteins and adaptive networks and posit that further characterization of the molecular mechanisms governing these essential niche adaptation machineries will be important for sparking new therapeutic approaches aimed at short-circuiting bacterial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H S Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kat Pick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tracy L Raivio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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11
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Pérez-Ramos A, Ladjouzi R, Mihasan M, Teiar R, Benachour A, Drider D. Advances in Characterizing the Transport Systems of and Resistance to EntDD14, A Leaderless Two-Peptide Bacteriocin with Potent Inhibitory Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021517. [PMID: 36675049 PMCID: PMC9865063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocin DD14 (EntDD14) is a two-peptide leaderless bacteriocin produced by the Enterococcus faecalis 14 strain previously isolated from meconium. This bacteriocin is mainly active against Gram-positive bacteria. Leaderless bacteriocins do not undergo post-translational modifications and are therefore immediately active after their synthesis. As a result, the cells that produce such bacteriocins have developed means of protection against them which often involve transport systems. In this and our previous work, we constructed different mutants deleted in the genes involved in the transport functions, thus covering all the supposed components of this transport system, using Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 as the indicator strain to assess the activity of externalized EntDD14. We also assessed the self-resistance of the WT and all its engineered derivative mutants against EntDD14, provided extracellularly, in order to evaluate their self-resistance. The results obtained highlight that the ABC transporter constituted by the DdG, H, I, and J proteins contributes to EntDD14 export as well as resistance to an external supply of EntDD14. Our results also have established the essential role of the DdE and DdF proteins as primary transporters dedicated to the externalization of EntDD14. Moreover, the in silico data showed that DdE and DdF appear to assemble in a formation that forms an essential channel for the exit of EntDD14. This channel DdEF may interact with the ABC transporter DdGHIJ in order to control the flow of bacteriocin across the membrane, although the nature of this interaction remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Pérez-Ramos
- ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro 1158, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Rabia Ladjouzi
- ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro 1158, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Blvd, no. 20A, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radja Teiar
- ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro 1158, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Abdellah Benachour
- U2RM-Stress and Virulence, UNICAEN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro 1158, University Lille, INRAE, University Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wu D, Dai M, Shi Y, Zhou Q, Li P, Gu Q. Purification and characterization of bacteriocin produced by a strain of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1050807. [PMID: 36439838 PMCID: PMC9684204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent surge in demand for natural preservatives has ushered in a new era of research into novel bacteriocins capable of effectively combating food-borne infections. In this study, the bacteriocin from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM216, which has a molecular mass of 11851.9 Da, was purified using macroporous resin, gel chromatography, and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. This bacteriocin could inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It had a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus D48 with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1.75 μM. Bacteriocin ZFM216 was heat stable and showed pH stability under weakly acidic conditions. It was sensitive to pepsin, proteinase K and trypsin. Electron microscopy results showed that when treated with bacteriocin ZFM216, S. aureus D48 was severely deformed, the cell structure was obviously changed, and the intracellular electrolyte leaked to the outside of the cell. Bacteriocin ZFM216 caused the ATP level of the indicator to decrease, the conductivity to sharply increase, and the transmembrane potential difference (ΔΨ) to instantaneously decrease. This research formed the basis for further development and utilization of bacteriocin ZFM216 which has potential in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Bhattacharya D, Nanda PK, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM, Dhar P, Das AK. Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bacteriocins: Novel Biotechnological Approach for Biopreservation of Meat and Meat Products. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2058. [PMID: 36296334 PMCID: PMC9611938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat and meat products are perishable in nature, and easily susceptible to microbial contamination and chemical deterioration. This not only results in an increased risk to health of consumers, but also causes economic loss to the meat industry. Some microorganisms of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group and their ribosomal-synthesized antimicrobial peptides-especially bacteriocins-can be used as a natural preservative, and an alternative to chemical preservatives in meat industry. Purified or partially purified bacteriocins can be used as a food additive or incorporated in active packaging, while bacteriocin-producing cells could be added as starter or protective cultures for fermented meats. Large-scale applications of bacteriocins are limited, however, mainly due to the narrow antimicrobial spectrum and varying stability in different food matrixes. To overcome these limitations, bioengineering and biotechnological techniques are being employed to combine two or more classes of bacteriocins and develop novel bacteriocins with high efficacy. These approaches, in combination with hurdle concepts (active packaging), provide adequate safety by reducing the pathogenicity of spoilage microorganisms, improving sensory characteristics (e.g., desirable flavor, texture, aroma) and enhancing the shelf life of meat-based products. In this review, the biosynthesis of different classes of LAB bacteriocins, their mechanism of action and their role in the preservation of meats and meat products are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Bhattacharya
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Nanda
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B, Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, India
| | - Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700037, India
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14
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Gao Y, Dutta S, Wang X. Serendipitous Discovery of a Highly Active and Selective Resistance-Modifying Agent for Colistin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12442-12446. [PMID: 35449921 PMCID: PMC9016814 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern. Colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics that treats multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infection. However, bacteria resistant to colistin have become increasingly prevalent. Using a bacterial whole-cell screen of a fragment-based library, one compound was discovered to resensitize MDR Escherichia coli AR-0493 to colistin with low mammalian toxicity. Interestingly, postscreening validation studies identified a highly related yet distinct compound as the actual substance responsible for the activity. Further studies showed that this novel resistance-modifying agent is not only very potent but also highly selective to potentiate the activity of polymyxin family antibiotics in a wide range of MDR Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, it may be further developed as a combination therapy to prolong the life span of colistin in the clinic.
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15
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Verma DK, Thakur M, Singh S, Tripathy S, Gupta AK, Baranwal D, Patel AR, Shah N, Utama GL, Niamah AK, Chávez-González ML, Gallegos CF, Aguilar CN, Srivastav PP. Bacteriocins as antimicrobial and preservative agents in food: Biosynthesis, separation and application. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Martín I, Rodríguez A, Delgado J, Córdoba JJ. Strategies for Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes Using Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Metabolites in Ready-to-Eat Meat- and Dairy-Ripened Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040542. [PMID: 35206018 PMCID: PMC8871320 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. This microorganism is a serious concern in the ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and dairy-ripened products industries. The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-producing anti-L. monocytogenes peptides (bacteriocins) and/or lactic acid and/or other antimicrobial system could be a promising tool to control this pathogen in RTE meat and dairy products. This review provides an up to date about the strategies of use of LAB and their metabolites in RTE meat products and dairy foods by selecting the most appropriate strains, by analysing the mechanism by which they inhibit L. monocytogenes and methods of effective application of LAB, and their metabolites in these kinds of products to control this pathogen throughout the processing and storage. The selection of LAB with anti-L. monocytogenes activity allows to dispose of effective strains in meat and dairy-ripened products, achieving reductions form 2–5 logarithmic cycles of this pathogen throughout the ripening process. The combination of selected LAB strains with antimicrobial compounds, such as acid/sodium lactate and other strategies, as the active packaging could be the next future innovation for eliminating risk of L. monocytogenes in meat and dairy-ripened products.
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17
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Booth V. Deuterium Solid State NMR Studies of Intact Bacteria Treated With Antimicrobial Peptides. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 2:621572. [PMID: 35047897 PMCID: PMC8757836 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.621572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid state NMR has been tremendously useful in characterizing the structure and dynamics of model membranes composed of simple lipid mixtures. Model lipid studies employing solid state NMR have included important work revealing how membrane bilayer structure and dynamics are affected by molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, solid state NMR need not be applied only to model membranes, but can also be used with living, intact cells. NMR of whole cells holds promise for helping resolve some unsolved mysteries about how bacteria interact with AMPs. This mini-review will focus on recent studies using 2H NMR to study how treatment with AMPs affect membranes in intact bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Physics and Physical Oceanograpy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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18
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Bioprospecting Antimicrobials from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: Key Factors Underlying Its Probiotic Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112076. [PMID: 34769500 PMCID: PMC8585029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is a well-studied and versatile species of lactobacilli. It is found in several niches, including human mucosal surfaces, and it is largely employed in the food industry and boasts a millenary tradition of safe use, sharing a long-lasting relationship with humans. L. plantarum is generally recognised as safe and exhibits a strong probiotic character, so that several strains are commercialised as health-promoting supplements and functional food products. For these reasons, L. plantarum represents a valuable model to gain insight into the nature and mechanisms of antimicrobials as key factors underlying the probiotic action of health-promoting microbes. Probiotic antimicrobials can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the gut ensuring the intestinal homeostasis and contributing to the host health. Furthermore, they may be attractive alternatives to conventional antibiotics, holding potential in several biomedical applications. The aim of this review is to investigate the most relevant papers published in the last ten years, bioprospecting the antimicrobial activity of characterised probiotic L. plantarum strains. Specifically, it focuses on the different chemical nature, the action spectra and the mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of their antibacterial and antiviral agents. Emerging trends in postbiotics, some in vivo applications of L. plantarum antimicrobials, including strengths and limitations of their therapeutic potential, are addressed and discussed.
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19
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Fathizadeh H, Pakdel F, Saffari M, Esmaeili DD, Momen-Heravi M, Dao S, Ganbarov K, Kafil HS. Bacteriocins: Recent advances in application as an antimicrobial alternative. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1028-1040. [PMID: 34493194 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210907121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the emergence and development of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of bacterial infections, efforts to discover new antimicrobial agents have increased. One of these antimicrobial agents is a compound produced by a large number of bacteria called bacteriocin. Bacteriocins are small ribosomal polypeptides that can exert their antibacterial effects against bacteria close to their producer strain or even non-closely strains. Adequate knowledge of the structure and functional mechanisms of bacteriocins and their spectrum of activity, as well as knowledge of the mechanisms of possible resistance to these compounds will lead to further development of their use as an alternative to antibiotics. Furthermore, most bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have the ability to produce bacteriocins, which spread throughout the GIT. Despite antimicrobial studies in vitro, our knowledge of bacteriocins in the GIT and the migration of these bacteriocins from the epithelial barrier is low. Hence, in this study, we reviewed general information about bacteriocins, such as classification, mechanism of action and resistance, emphasizing their presence, stability, and spectrum of activity in the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan. Iran
| | - Farzaneh Pakdel
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan. Iran
| | - Davoud Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mansooreh Momen-Heravi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan. Iran
| | - Sounkalo Dao
- Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS), University of Bamako, Bamako. Mali
| | | | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, IR. Iran
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20
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Bakare OO, Gokul A, Wu R, Niekerk LA, Klein A, Keyster M. Biomedical Relevance of Novel Anticancer Peptides in the Sensitive Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1120. [PMID: 34439786 PMCID: PMC8394746 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global increase in cancer mortality and economic losses necessitates the cautious quest for therapeutic agents with compensatory advantages over conventional therapies. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are a subset of host defense peptides, also known as antimicrobial peptides, which have emerged as therapeutic and diagnostic candidates due to several compensatory advantages over the non-specificity of the current treatment regimens. This review aimed to highlight the ravaging incidence of cancer, the use of ACPs in cancer treatment with their mechanisms, ACP discovery and delivery methods, and the limitations for their use. This would create awareness for identifying more ACPs with better specificity, accuracy and sensitivity towards the disease. It would also promote their efficacious utilization in biotechnology, medical sciences and molecular biology to ease the severity of the disease and enable the patients living with these conditions to develop an accommodating lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa;
| | - Ruomou Wu
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
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21
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El-Dirany R, Shahrour H, Dirany Z, Abdel-Sater F, Gonzalez-Gaitano G, Brandenburg K, Martinez de Tejada G, Nguewa PA. Activity of Anti-Microbial Peptides (AMPs) against Leishmania and Other Parasites: An Overview. Biomolecules 2021; 11:984. [PMID: 34356608 PMCID: PMC8301979 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), small biologically active molecules, produced by different organisms through their innate immune system, have become a considerable subject of interest in the request of novel therapeutics. Most of these peptides are cationic-amphipathic, exhibiting two main mechanisms of action, direct lysis and by modulating the immunity. The most commonly reported activity of AMPs is their anti-bacterial effects, although other effects, such as anti-fungal, anti-viral, and anti-parasitic, as well as anti-tumor mechanisms of action have also been described. Their anti-parasitic effect against leishmaniasis has been studied. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease. Currently among parasitic diseases, it is the second most threating illness after malaria. Clinical treatments, mainly antimonial derivatives, are related to drug resistance and some undesirable effects. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic agents has become a priority, and AMPs constitute a promising alternative. In this work, we describe the principal families of AMPs (melittin, cecropin, cathelicidin, defensin, magainin, temporin, dermaseptin, eumenitin, and histatin) exhibiting a potential anti-leishmanial activity, as well as their effectiveness against other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima El-Dirany
- ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
- Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon; (H.S.); (F.A.-S.)
| | - Hawraa Shahrour
- Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon; (H.S.); (F.A.-S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
| | - Zeinab Dirany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (Z.D.); (G.G.-G.)
| | - Fadi Abdel-Sater
- Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon; (H.S.); (F.A.-S.)
| | - Gustavo Gonzalez-Gaitano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (Z.D.); (G.G.-G.)
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, 23845 Borstel, Germany;
| | - Guillermo Martinez de Tejada
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
| | - Paul A. Nguewa
- ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
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22
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Körtvélyessy G, Tarjányi T, Baráth ZL, Minarovits J, Tóth Z. Bioactive coatings for dental implants: A review of alternative strategies to prevent peri-implantitis induced by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobe 2021; 70:102404. [PMID: 34146701 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Members of oral bacterial communities form biofilms not only on tooth surfaces but also on the surface of dental implants that replace natural teeth. Prolonged interaction of host cells with biofilm-forming anaerobes frequently elicits peri-implantitis, a destructive inflammatory disease accompanied by alveolar bone loss leading to implant failure. Here we wish to overview how the deposition of bioactive peptides to dental implant surfaces could potentially inhibit bacterial colonization and the development of peri-implantisis. One preventive strategy is based on natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) immobilized on titanium surfaces. AMPs are capable to destroy both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria directly. An alternative strategy aims at coating implant surfaces - especially the transmucosal part - with peptides facilitating the attachment of gingival epithelial cells and connective tissue cells. These cells produce AMPs and may form a soft tissue seal that prevents oral bacteria from accessing the apical part of the osseointegrated implant. Because a wide variety of titanium-bound peptides were studied in vitro, we wish to concentrate on bioactive peptides of human origin and some of their derivatives. Furthermore, special attention will be given to peptides effective under in vivo test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző Körtvélyessy
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tarjányi
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Zoltán L Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tóth
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, 6720, Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary; Department of Experimental Physics, University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, 6720, Szeged, Dóm Tér 9, Hungary.
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23
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Fuochi V, Emma R, Furneri PM. Bacteriocins, A Natural Weapon Against Bacterial Contamination for Greater Safety and Preservation of Food: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:216-231. [PMID: 32621714 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200704145427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers have become increasingly attentive to human health and the use of more natural products. Consequently, the demand for natural preservatives in the food industry is more frequent. This has led to intense research to discover new antimicrobial compounds of natural origin that could effectively fight foodborne pathogens. This research aims to safeguard the health of consumers and, above all, to avoid potentially harmful chemical compounds. Lactobacillus is a bacterial genus belonging to the Lactic Acid Bacteria and many strains are defined GRAS, generally recognized as safe. These strains are able to produce substances with antibacterial activity against food spoilage bacteria and contaminating pathogens: the bacteriocins. The aim of this review was to focus on this genus and its capability to produce antibacterial peptides. The review collected all the information from the last few years about bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus strains, isolated from clinical or food samples, with remarkable antimicrobial activities useful for being exploited in the food field. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of their use and the possible ways of improvement for industrial applications were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Fuochi
- Universita degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche BIOMETEC, Sez. Microbiologia, Torre Biologica, via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Emma
- Universita degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche BIOMETEC, Sez. Microbiologia, Torre Biologica, via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Pio M Furneri
- Universita degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche BIOMETEC, Sez. Microbiologia, Torre Biologica, via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Barati M, Javanmardi F, Mousavi Jazayeri SMH, Jabbari M, Rahmani J, Barati F, Nickho H, Davoodi SH, Roshanravan N, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Techniques, perspectives, and challenges of bioactive peptide generation: A comprehensive systematic review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1488-1520. [PMID: 33337080 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the digestible refractory and absorbable structures of bioactive peptides (BPs), they could induce notable biological impacts on the living organism. In this regard, the current study was devoted to providing an overview regarding the available methods for BPs generation by the aid of a systematic review conducted on the published articles up to April 2019. In this context, the PubMed and Scopus databases were screened to retrieve the related publications. According to the results, although the characterization of BPs mainly has been performed using enzymatic and microbial in-vitro methods, they cannot be considered as suitable techniques for further stimulation of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, new approaches for both in-vivo and in-silico methods for BPs identification should be developed to overcome the obstacles that belonged to the current methods. The purpose of this review was to compile the recent analytical methods applied for studying various aspects of food-derived biopeptides, and emphasizing generation at in vitro, in vivo, and in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Barati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Javanmardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Barati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic, National Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Sandhu G, Morrow MR, Booth V. Roles of histidine charge and cardiolipin in membrane disruption by antimicrobial peptides Gaduscidin-1 and Gaduscidin-2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183444. [PMID: 32822647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gad-1 and Gad-2 are helical, histidine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from paralogous genes in cod. 15N and 2H solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to characterize their lipid-bound structures and lipid interactions. Gad-1 was found to position in-plane in POPC: POPG bilayers. Gad-1 displayed greater effects than Gad-2 on lipid acyl chain order of POPE: POPG and POPE: POPG: CL bilayers, in keeping with its greater activity against E. coli. The effect of Gad-1 and Gad-2 on lipid bilayer order was only weakly affected by changes in pH, and hence changes in histidine charge. This was somewhat surprising for Gad-2 as this peptide's biological activity has been shown to be greater at low pH and thus the finding may point to the existence of functional interactions with non-lipid components of bacteria. The incorporation of cardiolipin into POPE: POPG bilayers in such a way as to preserve the overall charge of the bilayers did not alter Gad-1's effects on lipid acyl chain order parameters, which report on motions on the 10-5 s timescale. When cardiolipin and Gad-1 were both present, there were subtle changes on membrane dynamics at other timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Sandhu
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Michael R Morrow
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Valerie Booth
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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26
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Schäfer AB, Wenzel M. A How-To Guide for Mode of Action Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:540898. [PMID: 33194788 PMCID: PMC7604286 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.540898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising alternative to classical antibiotics in the fight against multi-resistant bacteria. They are produced by organisms from all domains of life and constitute a nearly universal defense mechanism against infectious agents. No drug can be approved without information about its mechanism of action. In order to use them in a clinical setting, it is pivotal to understand how AMPs work. While many pore-forming AMPs are well-characterized in model membrane systems, non-pore-forming peptides are often poorly understood. Moreover, there is evidence that pore formation may not happen or not play a role in vivo. It is therefore imperative to study how AMPs interact with their targets in vivo and consequently kill microorganisms. This has been difficult in the past, since established methods did not provide much mechanistic detail. Especially, methods to study membrane-active compounds have been scarce. Recent advances, in particular in microscopy technology and cell biological labeling techniques, now allow studying mechanisms of AMPs in unprecedented detail. This review gives an overview of available in vivo methods to investigate the antibacterial mechanisms of AMPs. In addition to classical mode of action classification assays, we discuss global profiling techniques, such as genomic and proteomic approaches, as well as bacterial cytological profiling and other cell biological assays. We cover approaches to determine the effects of AMPs on cell morphology, outer membrane, cell wall, and inner membrane properties, cellular macromolecules, and protein targets. We particularly expand on methods to examine cytoplasmic membrane parameters, such as composition, thickness, organization, fluidity, potential, and the functionality of membrane-associated processes. This review aims to provide a guide for researchers, who seek a broad overview of the available methodology to study the mechanisms of AMPs in living bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Divyashree M, Mani MK, Reddy D, Kumavath R, Ghosh P, Azevedo V, Barh D. Clinical Applications of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs): Where do we Stand Now? Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:120-134. [PMID: 31553285 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190925152957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this era of multi-drug resistance (MDR), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the most promising classes of potential drug candidates to combat communicable as well as noncommunicable diseases such as cancers and diabetes. AMPs show a wide spectrum of biological activities which include antiviral, antifungal, anti-mitogenic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Apart from these prospective therapeutic potentials, the AMPs can act as food preservatives and immune modulators. Therefore, AMPs have the potential to replace conventional drugs and may gain a significant global drug market share. Although several AMPs have shown therapeutic potential in vitro or in vivo, in most cases they have failed the clinical trial owing to various issues. In this review, we discuss in brief (i) molecular mechanisms of AMPs in various diseases, (ii) importance of AMPs in pharmaceutical industries, (iii) the challenges in using AMPs as therapeutics and how to overcome, (iv) available AMP therapeutics in market, and (v) AMPs under clinical trials. Here, we specifically focus on the therapeutic AMPs in the areas of dermatology, surgery, oncology and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithoor Divyashree
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education & Research (NUCSER), NITTE (Deemed to be University), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore - 575018, Karnataka,India
| | - Madhu K Mani
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education & Research (NUCSER), NITTE (Deemed to be University), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore - 575018, Karnataka,India
| | - Dhanasekhar Reddy
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod, Kerala-671316,India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod, Kerala-671316,India
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284,United States
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de GenéticaCelular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduaçãoemBioinformática, Instituto de CiênciasBiológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901,Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education & Research (NUCSER), NITTE (Deemed to be University), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore - 575018, Karnataka,India.,Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, PurbaMedinipur, West Bengal, India
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28
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Parducho KR, Beadell B, Ybarra TK, Bush M, Escalera E, Trejos AT, Chieng A, Mendez M, Anderson C, Park H, Wang Y, Lu W, Porter E. The Antimicrobial Peptide Human Beta-Defensin 2 Inhibits Biofilm Production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Without Compromising Metabolic Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:805. [PMID: 32457749 PMCID: PMC7225314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm production is a key virulence factor that facilitates bacterial colonization on host surfaces and is regulated by complex pathways, including quorum sensing, that also control pigment production, among others. To limit colonization, epithelial cells, as part of the first line of defense, utilize a variety of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including defensins. Pore formation is the best investigated mechanism for the bactericidal activity of AMPs. Considering the induction of human beta-defensin 2 (HBD2) secretion to the epithelial surface in response to bacteria and the importance of biofilm in microbial infection, we hypothesized that HBD2 has biofilm inhibitory activity. We assessed the viability and biofilm formation of a pyorubin-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in the presence and absence of HBD2 in comparison to the highly bactericidal HBD3. At nanomolar concentrations, HBD2 - independent of its chiral state - significantly reduced biofilm formation but not metabolic activity, unlike HBD3, which reduced biofilm and metabolic activity to the same degree. A similar discrepancy between biofilm inhibition and maintenance of metabolic activity was also observed in HBD2 treated Acinetobacter baumannii, another Gram-negative bacterium. There was no evidence for HBD2 interference with the regulation of biofilm production. The expression of biofilm-related genes and the extracellular accumulation of pyorubin pigment, another quorum sensing controlled product, did not differ significantly between HBD2 treated and control bacteria, and in silico modeling did not support direct binding of HBD2 to quorum sensing molecules. However, alterations in the outer membrane protein profile accompanied by surface topology changes, documented by atomic force microscopy, was observed after HBD2 treatment. This suggests that HBD2 induces structural changes that interfere with the transport of biofilm precursors into the extracellular space. Taken together, these data support a novel mechanism of biofilm inhibition by nanomolar concentrations of HBD2 that is independent of biofilm regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Parducho
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brent Beadell
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tiffany K. Ybarra
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mabel Bush
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Erick Escalera
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aldo T. Trejos
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andy Chieng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marlon Mendez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chance Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hyunsook Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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30
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Selective antibacterial activity of the cationic peptide PaDBS1R6 against Gram-negative bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1375-1387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Zalewska M, Churey JJ, Worobo RW, Milewski S, Szweda P. Isolation of Bacteriocin-producing Staphylococcus spp. Strains from Human Skin Wounds, Soft Tissue Infections and Bovine Mastitis. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:163-169. [PMID: 30015454 PMCID: PMC7256840 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of 206 Staphylococcus spp. isolates was investigated for their ability to produce compounds exhibiting antistaphylococcal activity. This group included Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus strains recovered from bovine mastitis (n = 158) and human skin wounds and soft tissues infections (n = 48). Production of substances with antimicrobial activity was observed in six strains. Five of them were recovered from bovine mastitis, and one was isolated from the infected human skin wound. Three of the six antimicrobials produced by the different strains showed substantial loss of antimicrobial activity upon treatment with proteolytic enzymes, which suggests their peptidic structure. Additional studies have shown that one of the putative bacteriocins was efficiently secreted to the liquid medium, facilitating its large-scale production and isolation. The peptide produced by the M2B strain exhibited promising activity; however, against narrow spectrum of Staphylococcus spp. clinical and animal isolates. Growth inhibition was observed only in the case of 13 (including nine S. aureus, three S. xylosus and one S. epidermidis strains) out of 206 strains tested. Important advantage of the produced agent was its high thermal stability. Fifteen minutes of incubation at 90°C did not affect its antimicrobial potential. The highest efficiency of production of the agent was demonstrated in TSB medium after 24 hours at 37°C. The researches revealed that ability to production of bacteriocin among staphylococci is not very common. Only one (S. xylosus strain assigned as M2B) out of 206 strains tested produced satisfactory amounts of antistaphylococcal bacteriocin. In spite of that, we would encourage other researchers for investigation of their collections of Staphylococcus spp. isolates towards selection strains producing antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zalewska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry,Gdansk,Poland.,Cornell University, Department of Food Science,Ithaca,USA
| | - John J Churey
- Cornell University, Department of Food Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station,Geneva,USA
| | - Randy W Worobo
- Cornell University, Department of Food Science,Ithaca,USA
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Gdansk University of Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry,Gdansk,Poland
| | - Piotr Szweda
- Gdansk University of Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry,Gdansk,Poland
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32
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Kumariya R, Garsa AK, Rajput YS, Sood SK, Akhtar N, Patel S. Bacteriocins: Classification, synthesis, mechanism of action and resistance development in food spoilage causing bacteria. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:171-177. [PMID: 30610901 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Huge demand of safe and natural preservatives has opened new area for intensive research on bacteriocins to unravel the novel range of antimicrobial compounds that could efficiently fight off the food-borne pathogens. Since food safety has become an increasingly important international concern, the application of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria that target food spoilage/pathogenic bacteria without major adverse effects has received great attention. Different modes of actions of these bacteriocins have been suggested and identified, like pore-forming, inhibition of cell-wall/nucleic acid/protein synthesis. However, development of resistance in the food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria against these bacteriocins is a rising concern. Emergence and spread of mutant strains resistant to bacteriocins is hampering food safety. It has spurred an interest to understand the bacteriocin resistance phenomenon displayed by the food pathogens, which will be helpful in mitigating the resistance problem. Therefore, present review is focused on the different resistance mechanisms adopted by food pathogens to overcome bacteriocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumariya
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Anita Kumari Garsa
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Y S Rajput
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - S K Sood
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA
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Pogmore AR, Seistrup KH, Strahl H. The Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis does not form microscopically detectable cardiolipin-specific lipid domains. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:475-482. [PMID: 29504925 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rather than being homogenous diffusion-dominated structures, biological membranes can exhibit areas with distinct composition and characteristics, commonly termed as lipid domains. Arguably the most comprehensively studied examples in bacteria are domains formed by cardiolipin, which have been functionally linked to protein targeting, the cell division process and the mode of action of membrane-targeting antimicrobials. Cardiolipin domains were originally identified in the Gram-negative model organism Escherichia coli based on preferential staining by the fluorescent membrane dye nonylacridine orange (NAO), and later reported to also exist in other Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Recently, the lipid-specificity of NAO has been questioned based on studies conducted in E. coli. This prompted us to reanalyse cardiolipin domains in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. Here we show that logarithmically growing B. subtilis does not form microscopically detectable cardiolipin-specific lipid domains, and that NAO is not a specific stain for cardiolipin in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex-Rose Pogmore
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kenneth H Seistrup
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Henrik Strahl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Linearmycins are lytic membrane-targeting antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 71:372-381. [PMID: 29348524 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-017-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The linearmycin family of polyketides was originally classified as antifungal metabolites. However, in addition to antifungal activity, we previously found that linearmycins cause cellular lysis and colony degradation of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. We recently showed that Streptomyces sp. strain Mg1 incorporates linearmycins into extracellular vesicles, which are capable of lysing B. subtilis. However, the mechanism of linearmycin-induced lysis was hitherto unexplored. Therefore, we sought to determine how linearmycin-laden vesicles cause lysis. In this study, we found that linearmycins inhibited the growth of all Gram-positive bacteria that we tested, but lysis was limited to some Bacillus species. Next, we found that linearmycin-induced lysis occurred even when cellular metabolism and growth were inhibited, which suggested that linearmycins possess the intrinsic capacity to lyse cells, unlike cell-wall targeting antibiotics. We showed that linearmycin exposure caused changes consistent with rapid depolarization of the B. subtilis cytoplasmic membrane, which was correlated with a loss of viability. Finally, using liposomes as in vitro membrane models, we demonstrated that linearmycins are capable of disrupting lipid bilayers without any other cellular components. Taken together, our results strongly indicate that the cytoplasmic membrane is the direct antibacterial target of linearmycins.
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35
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Peptide Therapeutics Versus Superbugs: Highlight on Current Research and Advancements. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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36
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Abstract
Functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) serve to spatially restrict and coordinate a diversity of cellular functions. Flotillins serve as scaffolds within FMMs, and in this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Koch et al. (2017) show that disrupting Staphylococcus aureus scaffolds via small molecules perturbs virulence gene expression and attenuates S. aureus virulence.
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37
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Linearmycins Activate a Two-Component Signaling System Involved in Bacterial Competition and Biofilm Morphology. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:JB.00186-17. [PMID: 28461449 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00186-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use two-component signaling systems to adapt and respond to their competitors and changing environments. For instance, competitor bacteria may produce antibiotics and other bioactive metabolites and sequester nutrients. To survive, some species of bacteria escape competition through antibiotic production, biofilm formation, or motility. Specialized metabolite production and biofilm formation are relatively well understood for bacterial species in isolation. How bacteria control these functions when competitors are present is not well studied. To address fundamental questions relating to the competitive mechanisms of different species, we have developed a model system using two species of soil bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces sp. strain Mg1. Using this model, we previously found that linearmycins produced by Streptomyces sp. strain Mg1 cause lysis of B. subtilis cells and degradation of colony matrix. We identified strains of B. subtilis with mutations in the two-component signaling system yfiJK operon that confer dual phenotypes of specific linearmycin resistance and biofilm morphology. We determined that expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter yfiLMN operon, particularly yfiM and yfiN, is necessary for biofilm morphology. Using transposon mutagenesis, we identified genes that are required for YfiLMN-mediated biofilm morphology, including several chaperones. Using transcriptional fusions, we found that YfiJ signaling is activated by linearmycins and other polyene metabolites. Finally, using a truncated YfiJ, we show that YfiJ requires its transmembrane domain to activate downstream signaling. Taken together, these results suggest coordinated dual antibiotic resistance and biofilm morphology by a single multifunctional ABC transporter promotes competitive fitness of B. subtilisIMPORTANCE DNA sequencing approaches have revealed hitherto unexplored diversity of bacterial species in a wide variety of environments that includes the gastrointestinal tract of animals and the rhizosphere of plants. Interactions between different species in bacterial communities have impacts on our health and industry. However, many approaches currently used to study whole bacterial communities do not resolve mechanistic details of interspecies interactions, including how bacteria sense and respond to their competitors. Using a competition model, we have uncovered dual functions for a previously uncharacterized two-component signaling system involved in specific antibiotic resistance and biofilm morphology. Insights gleaned from signaling within interspecies interaction models build a more complete understanding of gene functions important for bacterial communities and will enhance community-level analytical approaches.
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38
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Wang L, Dong C, Li X, Han W, Su X. Anticancer potential of bioactive peptides from animal sources (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 38:637-651. [PMID: 28677775 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of human death worldwide. Conventional anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation, are associated with severe side effects and toxicities as well as low specificity. Peptides are rapidly being developed as potential anticancer agents that specifically target cancer cells and are less toxic to normal tissues, thus making them a better alternative for the prevention and management of cancer. Recent research has focused on anticancer peptides from natural animal sources, such as terrestrial mammals, marine animals, amphibians, and animal venoms. However, the mode of action by which bioactive peptides inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells remains unclear. In this review, we present the animal sources from which bioactive peptides with anticancer activity are derived and discuss multiple proposed mechanisms by which these peptides exert cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Wang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Chao Dong
- College of Basic Medicine of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Han
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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39
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Triana-Vidal LE, Castro MS, Pires Júnior OR, Álvares ACM, de Freitas SM, Fontes W, Vargas JAG, Zúñiga-Baos JA, Correia Batista IDF, Grellier P, Charneau S. Dendropsophin 1, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretion of the endemic Colombian frog Dendropsophus columbianus. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1383-1389. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1346646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz Elena Triana-Vidal
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alice Cunha Morales Álvares
- Laboratório de Biofísica, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria de Freitas
- Laboratório de Biofísica, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Alexander Guerrero Vargas
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Cauca, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas (GIHT), Popayán, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alberto Zúñiga-Baos
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Cauca, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas (GIHT), Popayán, Colombia
| | | | - Philippe Grellier
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,UMR 7245 CNRS – Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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40
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Menzel LP, Chowdhury HM, Masso-Silva JA, Ruddick W, Falkovsky K, Vorona R, Malsbary A, Cherabuddi K, Ryan LK, DiFranco KM, Brice DC, Costanzo MJ, Weaver D, Freeman KB, Scott RW, Diamond G. Potent in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a small molecule host defense peptide mimic through a membrane-active mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4353. [PMID: 28659617 PMCID: PMC5489528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lethal systemic fungal infections of Candida species are increasingly common, especially in immune compromised patients. By in vitro screening of small molecule mimics of naturally occurring host defense peptides (HDP), we have identified several active antifungal molecules, which also exhibited potent activity in two mouse models of oral candidiasis. Here we show that one such compound, C4, exhibits a mechanism of action that is similar to the parent HDP upon which it was designed. Specifically, its initial interaction with the anionic microbial membrane is electrostatic, as its fungicidal activity is inhibited by cations. We observed rapid membrane permeabilization to propidium iodide and ATP efflux in response to C4. Unlike the antifungal peptide histatin 5, it did not require energy-dependent transport across the membrane. Rapid membrane disruption was observed by both fluorescence and electron microscopy. The compound was highly active in vitro against numerous fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans species, and it exhibited potent, dose-dependent activity in a mouse model of invasive candidiasis, reducing kidney burden by three logs after 24 hours, and preventing mortality for up to 17 days. Together the results support the development of this class of antifungal drug to treat invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo P Menzel
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Jorge Adrian Masso-Silva
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - William Ruddick
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Klaudia Falkovsky
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Rafael Vorona
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Andrew Malsbary
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Kartikeya Cherabuddi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lisa K Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kristina M DiFranco
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David C Brice
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Damian Weaver
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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41
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Rashid R, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Gao IH, Nair ZJ, Kumar JK, Gao L, Kline KA, Wenk MR. Comprehensive analysis of phospholipids and glycolipids in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175886. [PMID: 28423018 PMCID: PMC5397010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, opportunistic, pathogenic bacterium that causes a significant number of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitalized patients. The development of antibiotic resistance in hospital-associated pathogens is a formidable public health threat. In E. faecalis and other Gram-positive pathogens, correlations exist between lipid composition and antibiotic resistance. Resistance to the last-resort antibiotic daptomycin is accompanied by a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) levels, whereas multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) converts anionic PG into cationic lysyl-PG via a trans-esterification reaction, providing resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. Unlike previous studies that relied on thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry, we have performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) directly on lipids extracted from E. faecalis, and quantified the phospholipids through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). In the daptomycin-sensitive E. faecalis strain OG1RF, we have identified 17 PGs, 8 lysyl-PGs (LPGs), 23 cardiolipins (CL), 3 glycerophospho-diglucosyl-diacylglycerols (GPDGDAG), 5 diglucosyl-diacylglycerols (DGDAG), 3 diacylglycerols (DAGs), and 4 triacylglycerols (TAGs). We have quantified PG and shown that PG levels vary during growth of E. faecalis in vitro. We also show that two daptomycin-resistant (DapR) strains of E. faecalis have substantially lower levels of PG and LPG levels. Since LPG levels in these strains are lower, daptomycin resistance is likely due to the reduction in PG. This lipidome map is the first comprehensive analysis of membrane phospholipids and glycolipids in the important human pathogen E. faecalis, for which antimicrobial resistance and altered lipid homeostasis have been intimately linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Rashid
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iris H. Gao
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zeus J. Nair
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaspal K. Kumar
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Gao
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A. Kline
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (KAK); (MRW)
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (KAK); (MRW)
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42
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Antimicrobial peptide cWFW kills by combining lipid phase separation with autolysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44332. [PMID: 28276520 PMCID: PMC5343580 DOI: 10.1038/srep44332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic cyclic hexapeptide cWFW (cyclo(RRRWFW)) has a rapid bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its detailed mode of action has, however, remained elusive. In contrast to most antimicrobial peptides, cWFW neither permeabilizes the membrane nor translocates to the cytoplasm. Using a combination of proteome analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and membrane analysis we show that cWFW instead triggers a rapid reduction of membrane fluidity both in live Bacillus subtilis cells and in model membranes. This immediate activity is accompanied by formation of distinct membrane domains which differ in local membrane fluidity, and which severely disrupts membrane protein organisation by segregating peripheral and integral proteins into domains of different rigidity. These major membrane disturbances cause specific inhibition of cell wall synthesis, and trigger autolysis. This novel antibacterial mode of action holds a low risk to induce bacterial resistance, and provides valuable information for the design of new synthetic antimicrobial peptides.
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43
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Abstract
More than 40 antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are expressed in the oral cavity. These AMPs have been organized into 6 functional groups, 1 of which, cationic AMPs, has received extensive attention in recent years for their promise as potential antibiotics. The goal of this review is to describe recent advances in our understanding of the diverse mechanisms of action of cationic AMPs and the bacterial resistance against these peptides. The recently developed peptide GL13K is used as an example to illustrate many of the discussed concepts. Cationic AMPs typically exhibit an amphipathic conformation, which allows increased interaction with negatively charged bacterial membranes. Peptides undergo changes in conformation and aggregation state in the presence of membranes; conversely, lipid conformation and packing can adapt to the presence of peptides. As a consequence, a single peptide can act through several mechanisms depending on the peptide's structure, the peptide:lipid ratio, and the properties of the lipid membrane. Accumulating evidence shows that in addition to acting at the cell membrane, AMPs may act on the cell wall, inhibit protein folding or enzyme activity, or act intracellularly. Therefore, once a peptide has reached the cell wall, cell membrane, or its internal target, the difference in mechanism of action on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria may be less pronounced than formerly assumed. While AMPs should not cause widespread resistance due to their preferential attack on the cell membrane, in cases where specific protein targets are involved, the possibility exists for genetic mutations and bacterial resistance. Indeed, the potential clinical use of AMPs has raised the concern that resistance to therapeutic AMPs could be associated with resistance to endogenous host-defense peptides. Current evidence suggests that this is a rare event that can be overcome by subtle structural modifications of an AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, Chemistry Institute, Strasbourg, France
| | - S.-U. Gorr
- University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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