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Wu X, Zhou Y, Xi Y, Zhou H, Tang Z, Xiong L, Qin D. Polyphenols: Natural Food-Grade Biomolecules for the Treatment of Nervous System Diseases from a Multi-Target Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:775. [PMID: 38931442 PMCID: PMC11206395 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the most prevalent naturally occurring phytochemicals in the human diet and range in complexity from simple molecules to high-molecular-weight polymers. They have a broad range of chemical structures and are generally categorized as "neuroprotective", "anti-inflammatory", and "antioxidant" given their main function of halting disease onset and promoting health. Research has shown that some polyphenols and their metabolites can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and hence increase neuroprotective signaling and neurohormonal effects to provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, multi-targeted modulation of polyphenols may prevent the progression of neuropsychiatric disorders and provide a new practical therapeutic strategy for difficult-to-treat neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, multi-target modulation of polyphenols has the potential to prevent the progression of neuropsychiatric disorders and provide a new practical therapeutic strategy for such nervous system diseases. Herein, we review the therapeutic benefits of polyphenols on autism-spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and sleep disorders, along with in vitro and ex vivo experimental and clinical trials. Although their methods of action are still under investigation, polyphenols are still seldom employed directly as therapeutic agents for nervous system disorders. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations and large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to properly evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and side effects of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yujiang Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Haimei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhengxiu Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lei Xiong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Leite PLDA, Maciel LA, da Silva Aguiar S, Sousa CV, Neves RVP, de Sousa Neto IV, Campbell Simões L, Rosa TDS, Simões HG. Systemic Sirtuin 1 as a Potential Target to Mediate Interactions Between Body Fat and Testosterone Concentration in Master Athletes. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:438-445. [PMID: 38417433 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that master athletes have higher concentration of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), lower body fat (BF), and greater activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in comparison to untrained peers. However, no published data have demonstrated possible mediation effect of Sirt1 in the interaction of BF and testosterone in this population. Therefore, this study compared and verified possible associations between Sirt1, BF, fat mass index (FMI), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone/luteinizing hormone (T/LH) ratio in middle-aged master athletes (n = 54; 51.22 ± 7.76 years) and control middle-aged peers (n = 21; 47.76 ± 8.47 years). Venous blood was collected for testosterone, LH, and Sirt1. BF was assessed through skinfold protocol. Although LH concentration did not differ between groups, master athletes presented higher concentration of Sirt1, testosterone, and T/LH ratio, and lower BF and FMI in relation to age-matched nonathletes. Moreover, Sirt1 correlated positively with testosterone and T/LH ratio, negatively with BF, and was not significantly correlated with LH (mediation analysis revealed the effect of BF on testosterone is mediated by Sirt1 and vice versa; R2 = .1776; p = .032). In conclusion, master athletes have higher testosterone, T/LH ratio, and Sirt1, and lower BF and FMI in relation to untrained peers. Furthermore, Sirt1 was negatively associated with BF and positively associated with testosterone and T/LH ratio. These findings suggest that increased circulating Sirt1, possibly due to the master athlete's training regimens and lifestyle, exhibits a potential mediation effect on the interaction between endocrine function and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Lopes de Araújo Leite
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Maciel
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Physical Education Department, University Centre of the Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
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3
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Cheng XP, Wang XW, Sun HF, Xu L, Olatunji OJ, Li Y, Lin JT, Zuo J. NAMPT/SIRT1 Expression Levels in White Blood Cells Differentiate the Different Rheumatoid Arthritis Subsets: An Inspiration from Traditional Chinese Medicine. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4271-4285. [PMID: 37791116 PMCID: PMC10543492 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s431600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are prone to developing different metabolic complications. Traditional Chinese Medicine attributes this uncertainty to varied syndrome types. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed some serological indicators of active RA patients and healthy individuals. Randomly selected RA patients were divided into three groups according to NAMPT and SIRT1 expression levels in white blood cells (WBCs). Their disease severity and metabolic status were compared. Representative blood samples were subjected to a UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis. Different human WBCs were treated with oleic acid and palmitic acid in vitro. The results indicated that blood glucose and lipid levels were decreased in RA patients, but their decrease was not in accordance with disease severity. Nutrients in the patients highly expressing SIRT1 were well preserved, with the lowest levels of RF and β-CTX and the highest levels of adiponectin and resistin. Most of them exhibited cold symptoms. When SIRT1 deficiency was obvious, lipid depletion became evident, irrespective of expression levels of NAMPT. Simultaneous high-expression of SIRT1 and NAMPT coincided with the increase in production of lactic acid and the prevalence of hot symptoms. Despite the low levels of IL-6, joint injuries were severe. The corresponding WBCs were especially sensitive to fatty acids anti-inflammatory treatments. The levels of CCL27, CCL11, CCL5, AKP, CRP and ESR were similar among all the groups. Conclusion NAMPT overexpression is a risk factor for joint injuries and nutrient depletion in RA. Supplementation with lipids would exert beneficial effects on these RA patients. Its aftermath would cause even severe inflammation. Contrarily, SIRT1 up-regulation restrains inflammation and lipid depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Cheng
- Xin’an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han-Fei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yan Li
- Xin’an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institution of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ting Lin
- Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Xin’an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institution of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230000, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Sun C, Bai S, Liang Y, Liu D, Liao J, Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu B, Huang D, Chen M, Wu D. The role of Sirtuin 1 and its activators in age-related lung disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114573. [PMID: 37018986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major driving factor in lung diseases. Age-related lung disease is associated with downregulated expression of SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates inflammation and stress resistance. SIRT1 acts by inducing the deacetylation of various substrates and regulates several mechanisms that relate to lung aging, such as genomic instability, lung stem cell exhaustion, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening, and immune senescence. Chinese herbal medicines have many biological activities, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and immune regulatory effects. Recent studies have confirmed that many Chinese herbs have the effect of activating SIRT1. Therefore, we reviewed the mechanism of SIRT1 in age-related lung disease and explored the potential roles of Chinese herbs as SIRT1 activators in the treatment of age-related lung disease.
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Radagdam S, Khaki-Khatibi F, Rahbarghazi R, Shademan B, Nourazarian SM, Nikanfar M, Nourazarian A. Evaluation of dihydrotestosterone and dihydroprogesterone levels and gene expression of genes involved in neurosteroidogenesis in the SH-SY5Y Alzheimer disease cell model. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1163806. [PMID: 37304028 PMCID: PMC10252120 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1163806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. This study investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide on neurosteroidogenesis and its relationship to growth and differentiation using SH-SY5Y cells. Methods In this study, we used the MTT assay to assess the impact of LPS on SH-SY5Y cell viability. We also evaluated apoptotic effects using FITC Annexin V staining to detect phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane. To identify gene expression related to human neurogenesis, we utilized the RT2 Profiler TM PCR array human neurogenesis PAHS-404Z. Results Our study found that LPS had an IC50 level of 0.25 μg/mL on the SH-SY5Y cell line after 48 h. We observed Aβ deposition in SH-SY5Y cells treated with LPS, and a decrease in DHT and DHP levels in the cells. Our analysis showed that the total rate of apoptosis varied with LPS dilution: 4.6% at 0.1 μg/mL, 10.5% at 10 μg/mL, and 44.1% at 50 μg/mL. We also observed an increase in the expression of several genes involved in human neurogenesis, including ASCL1, BCL2, BDNF, CDK5R1, CDK5RAP2, CREB1, DRD2, HES1, HEYL, NOTCH1, STAT3, and TGFB1, after treatment with LPS at 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. LPS at 50 μg/mL increased the expression of FLNA and NEUROG2, as well as the other genes mentioned. Conclusion Our study showed that LPS treatment altered the expression of human neurogenesis genes and decreased DHT and DHP levels in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that targeting LPS, DHT, and DHP could be potential therapeutic strategies to treat AD or improve its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Radagdam
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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6
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Butler MJ, Volkoff H. The role of visfatin/ NAMPT in the regulation of feeding in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Peptides 2023; 160:170919. [PMID: 36503895 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The protein NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, encoded by the NAPMT gene) is present in two forms. The intracellular form of NAMPT (iNAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in a major nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthetic pathway and regulates cellular metabolism. NAMPT is also secreted by cells in the extracellular milieu, and referred to as extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT or visfatin). In mammals, visfatin has been linked to various metabolic disorders. However, the role of visfatin in regulating energy homeostasis in fish is not known. In this study, we assessed the effects of nutritional status on NAMPT mRNA expression and the effects of visfatin peripheral injections on food intake and the expression of appetite regulators in goldfish. Our results show that NAMPT is widely expressed in peripheral tissues and brain. Fasting induced increases in NAMPT expression in liver but had no effect on either brain or intestine NAMPT expression levels. Intraperitoneal injections of visfatin (400 ng/g) induced an increase in food intake and in expression levels of hepatic leptin and sirtuin1. Visfatin injections decreased intestine CCK and PYY, and telencephalon (but not hypothalamic) orexin and NPY expression levels. Visfatin did not affect plasma glucose levels, intestine ghrelin or brain CART, POMC and AgRP expressions. These data suggest that visfatin/NAMPT might be involved in the regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie J Butler
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada.
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7
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Lu C, Zhao H, Liu Y, Yang Z, Yao H, Liu T, Gou T, Wang L, Zhang J, Tian Y, Yang Y, Zhang H. Novel Role of the SIRT1 in Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:484-501. [PMID: 36632457 PMCID: PMC9830516 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.78654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a highly conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is a cellular regulator that has received extensive attention in recent years and regarded as a sensor of cellular energy and metabolism. The accumulated evidence suggests that SIRT1 is involved in the development of endocrine and metabolic diseases. In a variety of organisms, SIRT1 regulates gene expression through the deacetylation of histone, transcription factors, and lysine residues of other modified proteins including several metabolic and endocrine signal transcription factors, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effects of endocrine and metabolic diseases. These evidences indicate that targeting SIRT1 has promising applications in the treatment of endocrine and metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the role of SIRT1 in endocrine and metabolic diseases. First, we describe the background and structure of SIRT1. Then, we outline the role of SIRT1 in endocrine and metabolic diseases such as hyperuricemia, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Subsequently, the SIRT1 agonists and inhibitors in the above diseases are summarized and future research directions are proposed. Overall, the information presents here may highlight the potential of SIRT1 as a future biomarker and therapeutic target for endocrine and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Hairong Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tiantian Gou
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yang Yang: . Huan Zhang: . Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yang Yang: . Huan Zhang: . Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China
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Poniewierska-Baran A, Warias P, Zgutka K. Sirtuins (SIRTs) As a Novel Target in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315119. [PMID: 36499440 PMCID: PMC9737976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major health burden worldwide. Among all neoplasms, gastric cancer is the fifth most common and the third most deadly type of cancer. It is known that sirtuins (SIRTs), are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases regulating important metabolic pathways. High expression of SIRTs in the human body can regulate metabolic processes; they prevent inflammation but also resist cell death and aging processes. The seven members of this family enzymes can also play a fundamental role in process of carcinogenesis by influencing cell viability, apoptosis and metastasis. This review collects and discusses the role of all seven sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Poniewierska-Baran
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paulina Warias
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zgutka
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
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Leite PLDA, Maciel LA, Santos PA, Barbosa LP, Gutierrez SD, Corrêa HDL, de Deus LA, Araújo MC, Aguiar SDS, Rosa TDS, Lewis JE, Simões HG. HIGHER SIRT1 IS ASSOCIATED WITH A BETTER BODY COMPOSITION IN MASTER SPRINTERS AND UNTRAINED PEERS. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36259465 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2138556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sirt1 is an enzyme involved in several anti-aging pathways. Associations between Sirt1, age, and body fat (BF) were assessed in master sprinters (MS; n = 35; 50.25 ±5.93 yr.), untrained young non-athletes (UY; n = 32; 23.78 ±3.98 yr.), and untrained middle-aged (UMA; n = 24; 47.29 ±8.04 yr.). BF was assessed using a skinfold protocol, and Sirt1 was measured in plasma by using commercial kits. Sirt1 of MS (17.18 ±4.77 ng/mL) was higher than UMA (6.36 ±2.29 ng/mL; p<0.0001) and did not differ from UY (20.26 ±6.20 ng/mL). Relative BF of MS was lower than UMA (12.71 ±4.07% vs. 22.13 ±4.18%; p<0.0001). Sirt1 was negatively correlated with chronological age (r =-0.735; p<0.0001) when combining UY and UMA in the analysis. However, when Sirt1 of MS and UY were analyzed together, no significant relationship between Sirt1 and chronological age was observed (r= -0.243; p=0.083). Sirt1 correlated inversely with BF (r= -0.743; p<0.0001) for UY and UMA. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that being either a young or master athlete, as well as body adiposity, are possible predictors of Sirt1 levels. MS and UY were associated with higher levels of Sirt1, while UMA and increased BF were associated with lower levels of this enzyme. The relationships among Sirt1, BF, and chronological age of young and middle-aged non-athletes were not statistically significant when the middle-aged participants were MS. These findings suggest possible links between Sirt1 and body composition, which may play roles in the rate of biological aging.Highlights Lower levels of Sirt1 are associated with higher body fat.Master Athlete lifestyle seems to promote higher Sirt1 Levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Alves Maciel
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Patrick Anderson Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Sara Duarte Gutierrez
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Lysleine Alves de Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Araújo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education-Federal University of Mato Grosso-UFMT, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - John E Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga DF, Brazil
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10
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Liu T, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li S, Li P, Zhan Y. Sirtuins as novel pharmacological targets in podocyte injury and related glomerular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113620. [PMID: 36122519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a major cause of proteinuria in kidney diseases, and persistent loss of podocytes leads to rapid irreversible progression of kidney disease. Sirtuins, a class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases, can promote DNA repair, modify transcription factors, and regulate the cell cycle. Additionally, sirtuins play a critical role in renoprotection, particularly against podocyte injury. They also have pleiotropic protective effects on podocyte injury-related glomerular diseases, such as improving the immune inflammatory status and oxidative stress levels, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, enhancing autophagy, and regulating lipid metabolism. Sirtuins deficiency causes podocyte injury in different glomerular diseases. Studies using podocyte sirtuin-specific knockout and transgenic models corroborate this conclusion. Of note, sirtuin activators have protective effects in different podocyte injury-related glomerular diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and lupus nephritis. These findings suggest that sirtuins are promising therapeutic targets for preventing podocyte injury. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the role of sirtuins in kidney diseases, especially their role in podocyte injury, and summarizes the possible rationale for sirtuins as targets for pharmacological intervention in podocyte injury-related glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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D'Amico F, Costantino G, Salvatorelli L, Ramondetta A, De Pasquale R, Sortino MA, Merlo S. Inverse correlation between the expression of AMPK/SIRT1 and NAMPT in psoriatic skin: A pilot study. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:262-268. [PMID: 35839539 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal hyperplasia and the involvement of immune cells characterize the clinical picture of psoriasis. Among the several factors involved, attention has been focused on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) - a deacetylase endowed with a variety of functions including the control of metabolic and inflammatory processes-, and on nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), important for SIRT1 activation and involved in inflammatory events. The aim of the study was to analyze changes of SIRT1 and NAMPT expression in psoriatic skin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Samples from healthy controls and psoriatic patients were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS A strong downregulation of SIRT1 expression was observed in skin samples from psoriatic patients compared to healthy controls. This was accompanied by a parallel reduction of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) expression and, more strikingly, by the disappearance of cells immunolabeled for its active, phosphorylated form (pAMPK). In both cases, analysis of the distribution of immunopositive cells revealed a shift towards reduced intensity of staining. In contrast, NAMPT expression was upregulated in psoriatic samples in line with its pro-inflammatory role. This was again more visible with an intensity-based distribution analysis that evidenced a shift towards more intensely immunostained cell populations. CONCLUSIONS The present data correlate in the same samples the expression of SIRT1, pAMPK/AMPK and NAMPT in psoriasis and open the way for novel pharmacological targets in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; PhD Program in Neuroscience and Education, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Section of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Rocco De Pasquale
- Department of General Surgery and Medico-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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12
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Cross-Talk between the Cytokine IL-37 and Thyroid Hormones in Modulating Chronic Inflammation Associated with Target Organ Damage in Age-Related Metabolic and Vascular Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126456. [PMID: 35742902 PMCID: PMC9224418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is considered to be the main mechanism contributing to the development of age-related metabolic and vascular conditions. The phases of chronic inflammation that mediate the progression of target organ damage in these conditions are poorly known, however. In particular, there is a paucity of data on the link between chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Based on some of our own results and recent developments in our understanding of age-related inflammation as a whole-body response, we discuss the hypothesis that cross-talk between the cytokine IL-37 and thyroid hormones could be the key regulatory mechanism that justifies the metabolic effects of chronic tissue-related inflammation. The cytokine IL-37 is emerging as a strong natural suppressor of the chronic innate immune response. The effect of this cytokine has been identified in reversing metabolic costs of chronic inflammation. Thyroid hormones are known to regulate energy metabolism. There is a close link between thyroid function and inflammation in elderly individuals. Nonlinear associations between IL-37 and thyroid hormones, considered within the wider clinical context, can improve our understanding of the phases of chronic inflammation that are associated with target organ damage in age-related metabolic and vascular conditions.
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13
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Vinnicombe KRT, Volkoff H. Possible role of transcription factors (BSX, NKX2.1, IRX3 and SIRT1) in the regulation of appetite in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 268:111189. [PMID: 35307341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The homeobox genes play important roles in the embryonic development of animals. Recent evidence suggests they might also regulate feeding and act as transcription factors of appetite regulators. Examples of these genes are a brain-specific homeobox transcription factor (BSX), NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1) and the Iroquois homeobox 3 (IRX3). Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) acts as a transcription factor for nutrient (e.g. lipid, glucose) homeostasis and responds to stress and nutrient availability, and has been shown to interact with appetite regulators. Very little is known about the role of these genes in the regulation of feeding and nutrient homeostasis in fish. In this study, we assessed the roles of BSX, NKX2.1, IRX3 and SIRT1 in the central regulation of feeding in goldfish by examining their mRNA brain distribution, assessing the effects of fasting on their brain expression and assessing the effects of peripheral injections of cholecystokinin (CCK, a brain-gut peptide), on their brain expression. All genes showed a widespread distribution in the brain, with high levels in the hypothalamus. In both hypothalamus and telencephalon, fasting induced increases in BSX, IRX3 and NKX2.1 expressions but had no effect on SIRT1 expression levels. CCK injections increased hypothalamic expression levels of IRX3 and SIRT1, and telencephalic expression levels of NKX2.1 and SIRT1, with no effect on either hypothalamic BSX or NKX2.1 expression levels or telencephalon BSX or IRX3 expression levels. Our results suggest that, in goldfish as in mammals, central BSX, NKX2.1, IRX3 and SIRT1 are present in regions of the brain regulating feeding, are sensitive to nutrient status and interact with appetite-regulating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R T Vinnicombe
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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14
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Shen P, Deng X, Chen Z, Ba X, Qin K, Huang Y, Huang Y, Li T, Yan J, Tu S. SIRT1: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779177. [PMID: 34887866 PMCID: PMC8650132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of autoimmune diseases (Ads) have been increasing worldwide, and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment is urgently needed. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the class III family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases, has been reported to participate in the progression of several diseases. SIRT1 also regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, immune responses, cellular differentiation, proliferation and metabolism, and its altered functions are likely involved in Ads. Several inhibitors and activators have been shown to affect the development of Ads. SIRT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target in these diseases, and small molecules or natural products that modulate the functions of SIRT1 are potential therapeutic agents. In the present review, we summarize current studies of the biological functions of SIRT1 and its role in the pathogenesis and treatment of Ads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Sirtuins as Metabolic Regulators of Immune Cells Phenotype and Function. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111698. [PMID: 34828304 PMCID: PMC8618532 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond its role on the conversion of nutrients into energy and biomass, cellular metabolism is actively involved in the control of many physiological processes. Among these, it is becoming increasingly evident that specific metabolic pathways are associated with the phenotype of several immune cell types and, importantly, are crucial in controlling their differentiation, proliferation, and effector functions, thus shaping the immune response against pathogens and tumors. In this context, data generated over the last decade have uncovered mammalian sirtuins as important regulators of cellular metabolism, immune cell function, and cancer. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the roles of this family of protein deacylases on the metabolic control of immune cells and their implications on immune-related diseases and cancer.
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16
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Chen F, Han B, Meng Y, Han Y, Liu B, Zhang B, Chang Y, Cao P, Fan Y, Tan K. Ceruloplasmin correlates with immune infiltration and serves as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20438-20467. [PMID: 34413268 PMCID: PMC8436892 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast-invasive carcinoma (BRCA) is the most frequent and malignant tumor in females. Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a multifunctional molecule involved in iron metabolism, but its expression profile, prognostic potential and relationship with immune cell infiltration in BRCA are unknown. Ceruloplasmin mRNA and protein expression was significantly decreased in BRCA patients according to the Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA and TCGA databases. Ceruloplasmin expression was strongly correlated with various clinicopathological features of BRCA patients. BRCA patients with high ceruloplasmin expression exhibited shorter survival times than those with low ceruloplasmin expression based on the Kaplan-Meier plotter and PrognoScan databases. GO and KEGG analyses and GSEA revealed a strong correlation between ceruloplasmin and various immune-related pathways. Ceruloplasmin expression was significantly associated with the infiltration of immune cells into tumor sites by analyzing the TIMER and CIBERSORT. Additionally, ceruloplasmin was positively correlated with immune checkpoints in BRCA. These findings suggest that low ceruloplasmin expression correlates with a favorable prognosis and tumor immune cell infiltration in BRCA patients. Ceruloplasmin may serve as a therapeutic target and predict the efficacy of immunotherapy for BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bihui Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yanxiu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
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17
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Welcome MO, Mastorakis NE. Neuropathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019: neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier disruption are critical pathophysiological processes that contribute to the clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:939-963. [PMID: 33822324 PMCID: PMC8021940 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 has infected several millions of people, resulting in a huge socioeconomic cost and over 2.5 million deaths worldwide. Though the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, data have consistently shown that SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence has implicated the central nervous system in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unfortunately, however, the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced impairment of the central nervous system are not completely known. Here, we review the literature on possible neuropathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced cerebral damage. The results suggest that downregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with increased activity of the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L in SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion may result in upregulation of proinflammatory mediators and reactive species that trigger neuroinflammatory response and blood brain barrier disruption. Furthermore, dysregulation of hormone and neurotransmitter signalling may constitute a fundamental mechanism involved in the neuropathogenic sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The viral RNA or antigenic peptides also activate or interact with molecular signalling pathways mediated by pattern recognition receptors (e.g., toll-like receptors), nuclear factor kappa B, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, complement cascades, and cell suicide molecules. Potential molecular targets and therapeutics of SARS-CoV-2 induced neurologic damage are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Plot 681 Cadastral Zone, C-00 Research and Institution Area, Jabi Airport Road Bypass, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Nikos E Mastorakis
- Technical University of Sofia, Klement Ohridksi 8, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
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18
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Sirtuin 1, Visfatin and IL-27 Serum Levels of Type 1 Diabetic Females in Relation to Cardiovascular Parameters and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081110. [PMID: 34439776 PMCID: PMC8391548 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of cardioprotection observed in premenopausal, diabetic women may result from the interplay between epigenetic, metabolic, and immunological factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of sirtuin 1, visfatin, and IL-27 in relation to cardiovascular parameters and Hashimoto’s disease (HD) in young, asymptomatic women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Thyroid ultrasound, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurement, electrocardiography, and echocardiography were performed in 50 euthyroid females with T1DM (28 with HD and 22 without concomitant diseases) and 30 controls. The concentrations of serum sirtuin 1, visfatin and IL-27 were assessed using ELISA. The T1DM and HD group had higher cIMT (p = 0.018) and lower left ventricular global longitudinal strain (p = 0.025) compared to females with T1DM exclusively. In women with a double diagnosis, the sirtuin 1 and IL-27 concentrations were non-significantly higher than in other groups and significantly positively correlated with each other (r = 0.445, p = 0.018) and thyroid volume (r = 0.511, p = 0.005; r = 0.482, p = 0.009, respectively) and negatively correlated with relative wall thickness (r = –0.451, p = 0.016; r = –0.387, p = 0.041, respectively). These relationships were not observed in the control group nor for the visfatin concentration. These results suggest that sirtuin 1 and IL-27 contribute to the pathogenesis of early cardiac dysfunction in women with T1DM and HD.
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19
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Rasha F, Sharma M, Pruitt K. Mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111322. [PMID: 34000350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) subtype is characterized by estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Treatment of this BC subtype typically involves modalities that either suppress the production of estrogen or impede the binding of estrgen to its receptors, constituting the basis for endocrine therapy. While many patients have benefitted from endocrine therapy with clear reduction in mortality and cancer recurrence, one of the clinical hurdles that remain involves overcoming intrinsic (de novo) or acquired resistance to endocrine therapy driven by diverse and complex changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, such resistance may persist even after progression through additional antiestrogen therapies thus demonstrating the importance of further investigation of mechanisms of ER modulation. Here, we discuss a number of advances that provide a better understanding of the complex mechanistic basis for resistance to endocrine therapy as well as future therapeutic maneuvers that may break this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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20
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Castro-Piedras I, Sharma M, Brelsfoard J, Vartak D, Martinez EG, Rivera C, Molehin D, Bright RK, Fokar M, Guindon J, Pruitt K. Nuclear Dishevelled targets gene regulatory regions and promotes tumor growth. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50600. [PMID: 33860601 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) critically regulates Wnt signaling and contributes to a wide spectrum of diseases and is important in normal and pathophysiological settings. However, how it mediates diverse cellular functions remains poorly understood. Recent discoveries have revealed that constitutive Wnt pathway activation contributes to breast cancer malignancy, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown and very few studies have examined the nuclear role of DVL. Here, we have performed DVL3 ChIP-seq analyses and identify novel target genes bound by DVL3. We show that DVL3 depletion alters KMT2D binding to novel targets and changes their epigenetic marks and mRNA levels. We further demonstrate that DVL3 inhibition leads to decreased tumor growth in two different breast cancer models in vivo. Our data uncover new DVL3 functions through its regulation of multiple genes involved in developmental biology, antigen presentation, metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and tumorigenesis. Overall, our study provides unique insight into the function of nuclear DVL, which helps to define its role in mediating aberrant Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Castro-Piedras
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Monica Sharma
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Brelsfoard
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - David Vartak
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Edgar G Martinez
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Rivera
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Molehin
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Robert K Bright
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Fokar
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Josee Guindon
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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21
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Molehin D, Rasha F, Rahman RL, Pruitt K. Regulation of aromatase in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2449-2464. [PMID: 33599895 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of aromatase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of estrogen in normal and cancer cells, has been associated with growth factor signaling and immune response modulation. The tissue-specific regulatory roles of these factors are of particular importance as local aromatase expression is strongly linked to cancer development/progression and disease outcomes in patients. Therefore, aromatase has become a chemotherapeutic target and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used in the clinic for treating hormone-dependent cancers. Although AIs have shown promising results in the treatment of cancers, the emerging increase in AI-resistance necessitates the development of new and improved targeted therapies. This review discusses the role of tumor and stromal-derived growth factors and immune cell modulators in regulating aromatase. Current single-agent and combination therapies with or without AIs targeting growth factors and immune checkpoints are also discussed. This review highlights recent studies that show new connections between growth factors, mediators of immune response, and aromatase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Molehin
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA.
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