1
|
Galvão GF, Petrilli R, Arfelli VC, Carvalho AN, Martins YA, Rosales RRC, Archangelo LF, daSilva LLP, Lopez RFV. Iontophoresis-driven alterations in nanoparticle uptake pathway and intracellular trafficking in carcinoma skin cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 248:114459. [PMID: 39709939 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Effective treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) poses challenges due to intrinsic drug resistance and limited drug penetration into tumor cells. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy; however, they often face hurdles such as inadequate cellular uptake and rapid lysosomal degradation. This study explores the potential of iontophoresis to augment the efficacy of liposome and immunoliposome-based drug delivery systems for SCC treatment. The study assessed iontophoresis effects on SCC cell line (A431) viability, nanoparticle uptake dynamics, and intracellular distribution patterns. Specific inhibitors were employed to delineate cellular internalization pathways, while fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry examined changes in EGFR expression and lysosomal activity. Results demonstrated that iontophoresis significantly increased cellular uptake of liposomes and immunoliposomes, achieving approximately 50 % uptake compared to 10 % with passive treatment. This enhancement correlated with modifications in endocytic pathways, favoring macropinocytosis and caveolin-mediated endocytosis for liposomes, and macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated pathways for immunoliposomes. Moreover, iontophoresis induced alterations in EGFR distribution and triggered syncytium-like cellular clustering. It also attenuated lysosomal activity, thereby reducing nanoparticle degradation and prolonging intracellular retention of therapeutic agents. These findings underscore the role of iontophoresis in modulating nanoparticle internalization pathways, offering insights that could advance targeted drug delivery strategies and mitigate therapeutic resistance in SCC and other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fávero Galvão
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14020-630, Brazil
| | - Raquel Petrilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14020-630, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, CE, Brazil; Federal University of Ceara, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arfelli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréia Nogueira Carvalho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yugo Araújo Martins
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14020-630, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ribeiro Costa Rosales
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leticia Fröhlich Archangelo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis Lamberti Pinto daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14020-630, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Burke BI, Ismaeel A, Long DE, Depa LA, Coburn PT, Goh J, Saliu TP, Walton BJ, Vechetti IJ, Peck BD, Valentino TR, Mobley CB, Memetimin H, Wang D, Finlin BS, Kern PA, Peterson CA, McCarthy JJ, Wen Y. Extracellular vesicle transfer of miR-1 to adipose tissue modifies lipolytic pathways following resistance exercise. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e182589. [PMID: 39316445 PMCID: PMC11601556 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.182589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of intertissue signaling and exercise adaptations. In this human study, we provide evidence that muscle-specific microRNA-1 (miR-1) was transferred to adipose tissue via EVs following an acute bout of resistance exercise. Using a multimodel machine learning automation tool, we discovered muscle primary miR-1 transcript and CD63+ EV count in circulation as top explanatory features for changes in adipose miR-1 levels in response to resistance exercise. RNA-Seq and in-silico prediction of miR-1 target genes identified caveolin 2 (CAV2) and tripartite motif containing 6 (TRIM6) as miR-1 target genes downregulated in the adipose tissue of a subset of participants with the highest increases in miR-1 levels following resistance exercise. Overexpression of miR-1 in differentiated human adipocyte-derived stem cells downregulated these miR-1 targets and enhanced catecholamine-induced lipolysis. These data identify a potential EV-mediated mechanism by which skeletal muscle communicates with adipose tissue and modulates lipolysis via miR-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I. Burke
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | | | - Lauren A. Depa
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Peyton T. Coburn
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Jensen Goh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Tolulope P. Saliu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Bonnie J. Walton
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Ivan J. Vechetti
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Bailey D. Peck
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Taylor R. Valentino
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - C. Brooks Mobley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Hasiyet Memetimin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Dandan Wang
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, and
| | - Brian S. Finlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Philip A. Kern
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine
| | | | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rudinskiy M, Morone D, Molinari M. Fluorescent Reporters, Imaging, and Artificial Intelligence Toolkits to Monitor and Quantify Autophagy, Heterophagy, and Lysosomal Trafficking Fluxes. Traffic 2024; 25:e12957. [PMID: 39450581 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomal compartments control the clearance of cell-own material (autophagy) or of material that cells endocytose from the external environment (heterophagy) to warrant supply of nutrients, to eliminate macromolecules or parts of organelles present in excess, aged, or containing toxic material. Inherited or sporadic mutations in lysosomal proteins and enzymes may hamper their folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their lysosomal transport via the Golgi compartment, resulting in lysosomal dysfunction and storage disorders. Defective cargo delivery to lysosomal compartments is harmful to cells and organs since it causes accumulation of toxic compounds and defective organellar homeostasis. Assessment of resident proteins and cargo fluxes to the lysosomal compartments is crucial for the mechanistic dissection of intracellular transport and catabolic events. It might be combined with high-throughput screenings to identify cellular, chemical, or pharmacological modulators of these events that may find therapeutic use for autophagy-related and lysosomal storage disorders. Here, discuss qualitative, quantitative and chronologic monitoring of autophagic, heterophagic and lysosomal protein trafficking in fixed and live cells, which relies on fluorescent single and tandem reporters used in combination with biochemical, flow cytometry, light and electron microscopy approaches implemented by artificial intelligence-based technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Rudinskiy
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohd S, Oder A, Specker E, Neuenschwander M, Von Kries JP, Daumke O. Identification of drug-like molecules targeting the ATPase activity of dynamin-like EHD4. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302704. [PMID: 39074100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Eps15 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15) homology domain-containing proteins (EHDs) comprise a family of eukaryotic dynamin-related ATPases that participate in various endocytic membrane trafficking pathways. Dysregulation of EHDs function has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. The lack of small molecule inhibitors which acutely target individual EHD members has hampered progress in dissecting their detailed cellular membrane trafficking pathways and their function during disease. Here, we established a Malachite green-based assay compatible with high throughput screening to monitor the liposome-stimulated ATPase of EHD4. In this way, we identified a drug-like molecule that inhibited EHD4's liposome-stimulated ATPase activity. Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated sites of preferred substitutions for more potent inhibitor synthesis. Moreover, the assay optimization in this work can be applied to other dynamin family members showing a weak and liposome-dependent nucleotide hydrolysis activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saif Mohd
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Oder
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Neuenschwander
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Peter Von Kries
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hodeify R, Kreydiyyeh S, Zaid LMJ. Identified and potential internalization signals involved in trafficking and regulation of Na +/K + ATPase activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1583-1598. [PMID: 37634170 PMCID: PMC11254989 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The sodium-potassium pump (NKA) or Na+/K+ ATPase consumes around 30-40% of the total energy expenditure of the animal cell on the generation of the sodium and potassium electrochemical gradients that regulate various electrolyte and nutrient transport processes. The vital role of this protein entails proper spatial and temporal regulation of its activity through modulatory mechanisms involving its expression, localization, enzymatic activity, and protein-protein interactions. The residence of the NKA at the plasma membrane is compulsory for its action as an antiporter. Despite the huge body of literature reporting on its trafficking between the cell membrane and intracellular compartments, the mechanisms controlling the trafficking process are by far the least understood. Among the molecular determinants of the plasma membrane proteins trafficking are intrinsic sequence-based endocytic motifs. In this review, we (i) summarize previous reports linking the regulation of Na+/K+ ATPase trafficking and/or plasma membrane residence to its activity, with particular emphasis on the endocytic signals in the Na+/K+ ATPase alpha-subunit, (ii) map additional potential internalization signals within Na+/K+ ATPase catalytic alpha-subunit, based on canonical and noncanonical endocytic motifs reported in the literature, (iii) pinpoint known and potential phosphorylation sites associated with NKA trafficking, (iv) highlight our recent studies on Na+/K+ ATPase trafficking and PGE2-mediated Na+/K+ ATPase modulation in intestine, liver, and kidney cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sawsan Kreydiyyeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leen Mohammad Jamal Zaid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao X, Zhang L, Ni M, Liu X, Xing L, Wu L, Zhou Z, Li L, Wen J, Huang Y. Enhanced oral and pulmonary delivery of biomacromolecules via amplified transporter targeting. J Control Release 2024; 370:152-167. [PMID: 38641020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-modified nanocarriers can promote oral or inhalative administration of macromolecular drugs across the intestinal or pulmonary mucosa. However, enhancing the unidirectional transport of the nanocarriers through "apical uptake→intracellular transport→basolateral exocytosis" route remains a hot topic and challenge in current research. Forskolin is a naturally occurring diterpenoid compound extracted from the roots of C. forskohlii. In our studies, we found that forskolin could increase the transcellular transport of butyrate-modified nanoparticles by 1.67-fold and 1.20-fold in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell models and Calu-3 lung epithelial cell models, respectively. Further mechanistic studies revealed that forskolin, on the one hand, promoted the cellular uptake of butyrate-modified nanoparticles by upregulating the expression of monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 (MCT-1) on the apical membrane. On the other hand, forskolin facilitated the binding of MCT-1 to caveolae, thereby mediating butyrate-modified nanoparticles hijacking caveolae to promote the basolateral exocytosis of butyrate-modified nanoparticles. Studies in normal mice model showed that forskolin could promote the transmucosal absorption of butyrate-modified nanoparticles by >2-fold, regardless of oral or inhalative administration. Using semaglutide as the model drug, both oral and inhalation delivery approaches demonstrated significant hypoglycemic effects in type 2 diabetes mice model, in which inhalative administration was more effective than oral administration. This study optimized the strategies aimed at enhancing the transmucosal absorption of ligand-modified nanocarriers in the intestinal or pulmonary mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mingjie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liyun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Licheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu G, Zhang H, Xia M, Liu Y, Li M. EH domain-containing protein 2 (EHD2): Overview, biological function, and therapeutic potential. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4016. [PMID: 38613224 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
EH domain-containing protein 2 (EHD2) is a member of the EHD protein family and is mainly located in the plasma membrane, but can also be found in the cytoplasm and endosomes. EHD2 is also a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttle protein. After entering the cell nuclear, EHD2 acts as a corepressor of transcription to inhibit gene transcription. EHD2 regulates a series of biological processes. As a key regulator of endocytic transport, EHD2 is involved in the formation and maintenance of endosomal tubules and vesicles, which are critical for the intracellular transport of proteins and other substances. The N-terminal of EHD2 is attached to the cell membrane, while its C-terminal binds to the actin-binding protein. After binding, EHD2 connects with the actin cytoskeleton, forming the curvature of the membrane and promoting cell endocytosis. EHD2 is also associated with membrane protein trafficking and receptor signaling, as well as in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the function of EHD2 in various cellular processes and its potential implications in human diseases such as cancer and metabolic disease. We also discussed the prospects for the future of EHD2. EHD2 has a broad prospect as a therapeutic target for a variety of diseases. Further research is needed to explore its mechanism, which could pave the way for the development of targeted treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Xia
- Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyong Li
- Department of Urology, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reshma G B, Miglani C, Pal A, Ganguli M. Sugar alcohol-modified polyester nanoparticles for gene delivery via selective caveolae-mediated endocytosis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4114-4124. [PMID: 38353098 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05300h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based drugs are changing the scope of emerging medicine in preventing and treating diseases. Nanoparticle systems based on lipids and polymers developed to navigate tissue-level and cellular-level barriers are now emerging as vector systems that can be translated to clinical settings. A class of polymers, poly(β-amino esters) (PBAEs) known for their chemical flexibility and biodegradability, has been explored for gene delivery. These polymers are sensitive to changes in the monomer composition affecting transfection efficiency. Hence to add functionality to these polymers, we partially substituted ligands to an identified effective polymer chemistry. We report here a new series of statistical copolymers based on PBAEs where the backbone is modified with sugar alcohols to selectively facilitate the caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway of cellular transport. These ligands are grafted at the polymer's backbone, thereby establishing a new strategy of modification in PBAEs. We demonstrate that these polymers form nanoparticles with DNA, show effective complexation and cargo release, enter the cell via selective caveolae-mediated endocytosis, exhibit low cytotoxicity, and increase transfection in neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Reshma G
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chirag Miglani
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Asish Pal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Munia Ganguli
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lteif M, Pallardy M, Turbica I. Antibodies internalization mechanisms by dendritic cells and their role in therapeutic antibody immunogenicity. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250340. [PMID: 37985174 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Internalization and processing by antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) are critical steps for initiating a T-cell response to therapeutic antibodies. Consequences are the production of neutralizing antidrug antibodies altering the clinical response, the presence of immune complexes, and, in some rare cases, hypersensitivity reactions. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the knowledge of cellular uptake mechanisms of antibodies in DCs. The uptake of antibodies could be directly related to their immunogenicity by regulating the quantity of materials entering the DCs in relation to antibody structure. Here, we summarize the latest insights into cellular uptake mechanisms and pathways in DCs. We highlight the approaches to study endocytosis, the impact of endocytosis routes on T-cell response, and discuss the link between how DCs internalize therapeutic antibodies and the potential mechanisms that could give rise to immunogenicity. Understanding these processes could help in developing assays to evaluate the immunogenicity potential of biotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lteif
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Isabelle Turbica
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miner GE, Smith SY, Showalter WK, So CM, Ragusa JV, Powers AE, Zanellati MC, Hsu CH, Marchan MF, Cohen S. Contact-FP: A Dimerization-Dependent Fluorescent Protein Toolkit for Visualizing Membrane Contact Site Dynamics. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2024; 7:25152564241228911. [PMID: 38327561 PMCID: PMC10846013 DOI: 10.1177/25152564241228911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are sites of close apposition between two organelles used to exchange ions, lipids, and information. Cells respond to changing environmental or developmental conditions by modulating the number, extent, or duration of MCSs. Because of their small size and dynamic nature, tools to study the dynamics of MCSs in live cells have been limited. Dimerization-dependent fluorescent proteins (ddFPs) targeted to organelle membranes are an ideal tool for studying MCS dynamics because they reversibly interact to fluoresce specifically at the interface between two organelles. Here, we build on previous work using ddFPs as sensors to visualize the morphology and dynamics of MCSs. We engineered a suite of ddFPs called Contact-FP that targets ddFP monomers to lipid droplets (LDs), the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane, caveolae, and the cytoplasm. We show that these probes correctly localize to their target organelles. Using LDs as a test case, we demonstrate that Contact-FP pairs specifically localize to the interface between two target organelles. Titration of LD-mitochondria ddFPs revealed that these sensors can be used at high concentrations to drive MCSs or can be titrated down to minimally perturb and visualize endogenous MCSs. We show that Contact-FP probes can be used to: (1) visualize LD-mitochondria MCS dynamics, (2) observe changes in LD-mitochondria MCS dynamics upon overexpression of PLIN5, a known LD-mitochondrial tether, and (3) visualize two MCSs that share one organelle simultaneously (e.g., LD-mitochondria and LD-ER MCSs). Contact-FP probes can be optimized to visualize MCSs between any pair of organelles represented in the toolkit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E. Miner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sidney Y. Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wendy K. Showalter
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina M. So
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joey V. Ragusa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alex E. Powers
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Clara Zanellati
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle F. Marchan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Taskaeva I, Shatruk A, Bgatova N, Yeremina A, Trunov A, Kononova N, Chernykh V. Autophagy and vesicular trafficking in human uveal melanoma: A histopathological study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:122-132. [PMID: 37698482 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is an ocular tumor with a high risk of developing metastases. The endo-lysosomal system can affect the melanoma progression by accelerating and facilitating invasion or metastasis. This study aims to conduct comparative analysis of normal choroidal melanocytes and uveal melanoma cells ultrastructure with a focus on intracellular transport system, and to examine the patterns of autophagy- and vesicular trafficking-related proteins expression in a case series of uveal melanomas. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess the ultrastructure of normal choroidal melanocytes and uveal melanoma cells. The expression levels of autophagy- and vesicular trafficking-related proteins in three histological types of uveal melanoma were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Electron microscopy results showed that the autophagic vacuoles were more abundant in normal choroidal melanocytes, than in uveal melanoma cells. The normal choroidal melanocytes were characterized by active intracellular vesicular trafficking; however, the proportion of caveolae was higher in uveal melanoma cells. The spindle type of tumor was characterized by a high expression levels of LC3 beta, while Rab7 and Rab11 proteins expression was significantly up-regulated in the mixed-type tumor cells. The results indicate that uveal melanoma cells probably have lower basal levels of autophagy and higher receptor-mediated endocytic trafficking-associated with caveolae than normal choroidal melanocytes. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The autophagic vacuoles are abundant in normal choroidal melanocytes. Uveal melanoma cells are characterized by a high proportion of caveolae. The high expression levels of LC3 beta were revealed in a spindle type of tumor, while Rab7 and Rab11 proteins expression was up-regulated in the mixed-type tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Taskaeva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shatruk
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya Bgatova
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alena Yeremina
- S. N. Fyodorov Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center Intersectoral Research and Technology Complex "Eye Microsurgery" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksander Trunov
- S. N. Fyodorov Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center Intersectoral Research and Technology Complex "Eye Microsurgery" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya Kononova
- S. N. Fyodorov Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center Intersectoral Research and Technology Complex "Eye Microsurgery" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriy Chernykh
- S. N. Fyodorov Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center Intersectoral Research and Technology Complex "Eye Microsurgery" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
D’Alessio A. Unraveling the Cave: A Seventy-Year Journey into the Caveolar Network, Cellular Signaling, and Human Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2680. [PMID: 38067108 PMCID: PMC10705299 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1950s, a groundbreaking discovery revealed the fascinating presence of caveolae, referred to as flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane, sparking renewed excitement in the field of cell biology. Caveolae are small, flask-shaped invaginations in the cell membrane that play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes, including endocytosis, lipid homeostasis, and signal transduction. The structural stability and functionality of these specialized membrane microdomains are attributed to the coordinated activity of scaffolding proteins, including caveolins and cavins. While caveolae and caveolins have been long appreciated for their integral roles in cellular physiology, the accumulating scientific evidence throughout the years reaffirms their association with a broad spectrum of human disorders. This review article aims to offer a thorough account of the historical advancements in caveolae research, spanning from their initial discovery to the recognition of caveolin family proteins and their intricate contributions to cellular functions. Furthermore, it will examine the consequences of a dysfunctional caveolar network in the development of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio D’Alessio
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Neuhaus M, Fryklund C, Taylor H, Borreguero-Muñoz A, Kopietz F, Ardalani H, Rogova O, Stirrat L, Bremner SK, Spégel P, Bryant NJ, Gould GW, Stenkula KG. EHD2 regulates plasma membrane integrity and downstream insulin receptor signaling events. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar124. [PMID: 37703099 PMCID: PMC10846623 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte dysfunction is a crucial driver of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We identified EH domain-containing protein 2 (EHD2) as one of the most highly upregulated genes at the early stage of adipose-tissue expansion. EHD2 is a dynamin-related ATPase influencing several cellular processes, including membrane recycling, caveolae dynamics, and lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of EHD2 in adipocyte insulin signaling and glucose transport. Using C57BL6/N EHD2 knockout mice under short-term high-fat diet conditions and 3T3-L1 adipocytes we demonstrate that EHD2 deficiency is associated with deterioration of insulin signal transduction and impaired insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, we show that lack of EHD2 is linked with altered plasma membrane lipid and protein composition, reduced insulin receptor expression, and diminished insulin-dependent SNARE protein complex formation. In conclusion, these data highlight the importance of EHD2 for the integrity of the plasma membrane milieu, insulin receptor stability, and downstream insulin receptor signaling events, involved in glucose uptake and ultimately underscore its role in insulin resistance and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Neuhaus
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes Fryklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Holly Taylor
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Franziska Kopietz
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamidreza Ardalani
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 22241 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oksana Rogova
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 22241 Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Stirrat
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Shaun K. Bremner
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 22241 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nia J. Bryant
- Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Karin G. Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gandek TB, van der Koog L, Nagelkerke A. A Comparison of Cellular Uptake Mechanisms, Delivery Efficacy, and Intracellular Fate between Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300319. [PMID: 37384827 PMCID: PMC11469107 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect for successful drug delivery via lipid-based nanoparticles is their internalization in target cells. Two prominent examples of such drug delivery systems are artificial phospholipid-based carriers, such as liposomes, and their biological counterparts, the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite a wealth of literature, it remains unclear which mechanisms precisely orchestrate nanoparticle-mediated cargo delivery to recipient cells and the subsequent intracellular fate of therapeutic cargo. In this review, internalization mechanisms involved in the uptake of liposomes and EVs by recipient cells are evaluated, also exploring their intracellular fate after intracellular trafficking. Opportunities are highlighted to tweak these internalization mechanisms and intracellular fates to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these drug delivery systems. Overall, literature to date shows that both liposomes and EVs are predominantly internalized through classical endocytosis mechanisms, sharing a common fate: accumulation inside lysosomes. Studies tackling the differences between liposomes and EVs, with respect to cellular uptake, intracellular delivery and therapy efficacy, remain scarce, despite its importance for the selection of an appropriate drug delivery system. In addition, further exploration of functionalization strategies of both liposomes and EVs represents an important avenue to pursue in order to control internalization and fate, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timea B. Gandek
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenP.O. Box 196, XB20Groningen9700 ADThe Netherlands
| | - Luke van der Koog
- Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenP.O. Box 196, XB10Groningen9700 ADThe Netherlands
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Pharmaceutical AnalysisGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GroningenP.O. Box 196, XB20Groningen9700 ADThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abla KK, Mehanna MM. Lipid-based nanocarriers challenging the ocular biological barriers: Current paradigm and future perspectives. J Control Release 2023; 362:70-96. [PMID: 37591463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Eye is the most specialized and sensory body organ and treating eye diseases efficiently is necessary. Despite various attempts, the design of a consummate ophthalmic drug delivery system remains unsolved because of anatomical and physiological barriers that hinder drug transport into the desired ocular tissues. It is important to advance new platforms to manage ocular disorders, whether they exist in the anterior or posterior cavities. Nanotechnology has piqued the interest of formulation scientists because of its capability to augment ocular bioavailability, control drug release, and minimize inefficacious drug absorption, with special attention to lipid-based nanocarriers (LBNs) because of their cellular safety profiles. LBNs have greatly improved medication availability at the targeted ocular site in the required concentration while causing minimal adverse effects on the eye tissues. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which lipid-based nanocarriers can bypass different ocular barriers are still unclear and have not been discussed. Thus, to bridge this gap, the current work aims to highlight the applications of LBNs in the ocular drug delivery exploring the different ocular barriers and the mechanisms viz. adhesion, fusion, endocytosis, and lipid exchange, through which these platforms can overcome the barrier characteristics challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar K Abla
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammed M Mehanna
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cadena-Cruz C, Villarreal Camacho JL, De Ávila-Arias M, Hurtado-Gomez L, Rodriguez A, San-Juan-Vergara H. Respiratory syncytial virus entry mechanism in host cells: A general overview. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:341-350. [PMID: 37537859 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a virus that causes acute respiratory infections in neonates and older adults. To infect host cells, the attachment glycoprotein (G) interacts with a cell surface receptor. This interaction determines the specific cell types that are susceptible to infection. RSV possesses a type I fusion protein F. Type I fusion proteins are metastable when rearrangement of the prefusion F occurs; the fusion peptide is exposed transforming the protein into postfusion form. The transition between the prefusion form and its postfusion form facilitates the viral envelope and the host cell membrane to fuse, enabling the virus to enter the host cell. Understanding the entry mechanism employed by RSV is crucial for developing effective antiviral therapies. In this review, we will discuss the various types of viral fusion proteins and explore the potential entry mechanisms utilized by RSV. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms will provide valuable insights for the development of novel approaches to treat RSV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cadena-Cruz
- División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Medicina, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - J L Villarreal Camacho
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Medicina, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Marcio De Ávila-Arias
- División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Leidy Hurtado-Gomez
- División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Alexander Rodriguez
- División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Wu Y, Su Y, Rey-Suarez I, Matthaeus C, Updegrove TB, Wei Z, Zhang L, Sasaki H, Li Y, Guo M, Giannini JP, Vishwasrao HD, Chen J, Lee SJJ, Shao L, Liu H, Ramamurthi KS, Taraska JW, Upadhyaya A, La Riviere P, Shroff H. Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy with enhanced axial resolution. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1307-1319. [PMID: 36702897 PMCID: PMC10497409 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The axial resolution of three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM) is limited to ∼300 nm. Here we present two distinct, complementary methods to improve axial resolution in 3D SIM with minimal or no modification to the optical system. We show that placing a mirror directly opposite the sample enables four-beam interference with higher spatial frequency content than 3D SIM illumination, offering near-isotropic imaging with ∼120-nm lateral and 160-nm axial resolution. We also developed a deep learning method achieving ∼120-nm isotropic resolution. This method can be combined with denoising to facilitate volumetric imaging spanning dozens of timepoints. We demonstrate the potential of these advances by imaging a variety of cellular samples, delineating the nanoscale distribution of vimentin and microtubule filaments, observing the relative positions of caveolar coat proteins and lysosomal markers and visualizing cytoskeletal dynamics within T cells in the early stages of immune synapse formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Yicong Wu
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yijun Su
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Leica Microsystems, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
- SVision, LLC, Bellevue, WA, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Matthaeus
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor B Updegrove
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhuang Wei
- Section on Biophotonics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hideki Sasaki
- Leica Microsystems, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
- SVision, LLC, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Guo
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John P Giannini
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harshad D Vishwasrao
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiji Chen
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shih-Jong J Lee
- Leica Microsystems, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
- SVision, LLC, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kumaran S Ramamurthi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Patrick La Riviere
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- MBL Fellows, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Hari Shroff
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- MBL Fellows, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kenworthy AK, Han B, Ariotti N, Parton RG. The Role of Membrane Lipids in the Formation and Function of Caveolae. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041413. [PMID: 37277189 PMCID: PMC10513159 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations with a distinct lipid composition. Membrane lipids cooperate with the structural components of caveolae to generate a metastable surface domain. Recent studies have provided insights into the structure of essential caveolar components and how lipids are crucial for the formation, dynamics, and disassembly of caveolae. They also suggest new models for how caveolins, major structural components of caveolae, insert into membranes and interact with lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Kenworthy
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Bing Han
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gou Z, Zhang H, Misbah C. Heterogeneous ATP patterns in microvascular networks. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230186. [PMID: 37464803 PMCID: PMC10354495 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP is not only an energy carrier but also serves as an important signalling molecule in many physiological processes. Abnormal ATP level in blood vessel is known to be related to several pathologies, such as inflammation, hypoxia and atherosclerosis. Using advanced numerical methods, we analysed ATP released by red blood cells (RBCs) and its degradation by endothelial cells (ECs) in a cat mesentery-inspired vascular network, accounting for RBC mutual interaction and interactions with vascular walls. Our analysis revealed a heterogeneous ATP distribution in the network, with higher concentrations in the cell-free layer, concentration peaks around bifurcations and heterogeneity among vessels of the same level. These patterns arise from the spatio-temporal organization of RBCs induced by the network geometry. It is further shown that an alteration of hematocrit and flow strength significantly affects ATP level as well as heterogeneity in the network. These findings constitute a first building block to elucidate the intricate nature of ATP patterns in vascular networks and the far reaching consequences for other biochemical signalling, such as calcium, by ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gou
- CNRS, LIPhy, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hengdi Zhang
- CNRS, LIPhy, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Shenzhen Sibionics Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaouqi Misbah
- CNRS, LIPhy, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Buhazi IM, Grosu IG, Filip X, Petran A, Tripon SC, Floare CG, Suciu M. Polydopamine conjugated SiO 2 nanoparticles as potential drug carriers for melanoma treatment. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:157-173. [PMID: 37158273 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiO2) are increasingly investigated for biomedical applications. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the potential use of a SiO2 nanoparticles coated with biocompatible polydopamine (SiO2@PDA) as a potential chemotherapeutic drug carrier. Materials & methods: SiO2 morphology and PDA adhesion was analyzed by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Cytotoxicity studies and morphology analyses (immunofluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy) were used to assess the cellular reaction to the SiO2@PDA nanoparticles and to identify a biocompatible (safe use) window. Results & conclusion: Concentrations above 10 μg/ml and up to 100 μg/ml SiO2@PDA showed the best biocompatibility on human melanoma cells at 24 h and represent a potential drug carrier template for targeted melanoma cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mădălina Buhazi
- Electron Microscopy Center "C. Crăciun", Biology & Geology Faculty, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 5-7 Clinicilor str., 400006, Romania
| | - Ioana-Georgeta Grosu
- Molecular & Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D for Isotopic & Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Cluj-Napoca, 67-103 Donath str., 400293, Romania
| | - Xenia Filip
- Molecular & Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D for Isotopic & Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Cluj-Napoca, 67-103 Donath str., 400293, Romania
| | - Anca Petran
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for R&D for Isotopic & Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Cluj-Napoca, 67-103 Donath str., 400293, Romania
| | - Septimiu Cassian Tripon
- Electron Microscopy Center "C. Crăciun", Biology & Geology Faculty, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 5-7 Clinicilor str., 400006, Romania
- LIME-CETATEA, National Institute for R&D for Isotopic & Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Cluj-Napoca, 67-103 Donath str., 400293, Romania
| | - Călin Gabriel Floare
- Molecular & Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for R&D for Isotopic & Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Cluj-Napoca, 67-103 Donath str., 400293, Romania
| | - Maria Suciu
- Electron Microscopy Center "C. Crăciun", Biology & Geology Faculty, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 5-7 Clinicilor str., 400006, Romania
- LIME-CETATEA, National Institute for R&D for Isotopic & Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Cluj-Napoca, 67-103 Donath str., 400293, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kenworthy AK. The building blocks of caveolae revealed: caveolins finally take center stage. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:855-869. [PMID: 37082988 PMCID: PMC10212548 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to divide, migrate, relay signals, sense mechanical stimuli, and respond to stress all rely on nanoscale invaginations of the plasma membrane known as caveolae. The caveolins, a family of monotopic membrane proteins, form the inner layer of the caveolar coat. Caveolins have long been implicated in the generation of membrane curvature, in addition to serving as scaffolds for signaling proteins. Until recently, however, the molecular architecture of caveolins was unknown, making it impossible to understand how they operate at a mechanistic level. Over the past year, two independent lines of evidence - experimental and computational - have now converged to provide the first-ever glimpse into the structure of the oligomeric caveolin complexes that function as the building blocks of caveolae. Here, we summarize how these discoveries are transforming our understanding of this long-enigmatic protein family and their role in caveolae assembly and function. We present new models inspired by the structure for how caveolins oligomerize, remodel membranes, interact with their binding partners, and reorganize when mutated. Finally, we discuss emerging insights into structural differences among caveolin family members that enable them to support the proper functions of diverse tissues and organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Kenworthy
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rasouli R, Paun RA, Tabrizian M. Sonoprinting nanoparticles on cellular spheroids via surface acoustic waves for enhanced nanotherapeutics delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2091-2105. [PMID: 36942710 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00854h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics, on their path to the target tissues, face numerous physicochemical hindrances that affect their therapeutic efficacy. Physical barriers become more pronounced in pathological tissues, such as solid tumors, where they limit the penetration of nanocarriers into deeper regions, thereby preventing the efficient delivery of drug cargo. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel approach that employs surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology to sonoprint and enhance the delivery of nanoparticles onto and into cell spheroids. Our SAW platform is designed to generate focused and unidirectional acoustic waves for creating vigorous acoustic streaming while promoting Bjerknes forces. The effect of SAW excitation on cell viability, as well as the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles on human breast cancer (MCF 7) and mouse melanoma (YUMM 1.7) cell spheroids were investigated. The high frequency, low input voltage, and contact-free nature of the proposed SAW system ensured over 92% cell viability for both cell lines after SAW exposure. SAW sonoprinting enhanced the accumulation of 100 nm polystyrene particles on the periphery of the spheroids to near four-fold, while the penetration of nanoparticles into the core regions of the spheroids was improved up to three times. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our SAW platform on the efficacy of nanotherapeutics, the platform was used to deliver nanoliposomes encapsulated with the anti-cancer metal compound copper diethyldithiocarbamate (CuET) to MCF 7 and YUMM 1.7 cell spheroids. A three-fold increase in the cytotoxic activity of the drug was observed in spheroids under the effect of SAW, compared to controls. The capacity of SAW-based devices to be manufactured as minuscule wearable patches can offer highly controllable, localized, and continuous acoustic waves to enhance drug delivery efficiency to target tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rasouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Radu Alexandru Paun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sotodosos-Alonso L, Pulgarín-Alfaro M, Del Pozo MA. Caveolae Mechanotransduction at the Interface between Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060942. [PMID: 36980283 PMCID: PMC10047380 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is subjected to multiple mechanical forces, and it must adapt and respond to them. PM invaginations named caveolae, with a specific protein and lipid composition, play a crucial role in this mechanosensing and mechanotransduction process. They respond to PM tension changes by flattening, contributing to the buffering of high-range increases in mechanical tension, while novel structures termed dolines, sharing Caveolin1 as the main component, gradually respond to low and medium forces. Caveolae are associated with different types of cytoskeletal filaments, which regulate membrane tension and also initiate multiple mechanotransduction pathways. Caveolar components sense the mechanical properties of the substrate and orchestrate responses that modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) according to these stimuli. They perform this function through both physical remodeling of ECM, where the actin cytoskeleton is a central player, and via the chemical alteration of the ECM composition by exosome deposition. Here, we review mechanotransduction regulation mediated by caveolae and caveolar components, focusing on how mechanical cues are transmitted through the cellular cytoskeleton and how caveolae respond and remodel the ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sotodosos-Alonso
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pulgarín-Alfaro
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cytoplasmic Tail of MT1-MMP: A Hub of MT1-MMP Regulation and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065068. [PMID: 36982142 PMCID: PMC10049710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MT1-MMP (MMP-14) is a multifunctional protease that regulates ECM degradation, activation of other proteases, and a variety of cellular processes, including migration and viability in physiological and pathological contexts. Both the localization and signal transduction capabilities of MT1-MMP are dependent on its cytoplasmic domain that constitutes the final 20 C-terminal amino acids, while the rest of the protease is extracellular. In this review, we summarize the ways in which the cytoplasmic tail is involved in regulating and enacting the functions of MT1-MMP. We also provide an overview of known interactors of the MT1-MMP cytoplasmic tail and the functional significance of these interactions, as well as further insight into the mechanisms of cellular adhesion and invasion that are regulated by the cytoplasmic tail.
Collapse
|
25
|
Langlois NI, Ma KY, Clark HA. Nucleic acid nanostructures for in vivo applications: The influence of morphology on biological fate. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 10:011304. [PMID: 36874908 PMCID: PMC9869343 DOI: 10.1063/5.0121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of programmable biomaterials for use in nanofabrication represents a major advance for the future of biomedicine and diagnostics. Recent advances in structural nanotechnology using nucleic acids have resulted in dramatic progress in our understanding of nucleic acid-based nanostructures (NANs) for use in biological applications. As the NANs become more architecturally and functionally diverse to accommodate introduction into living systems, there is a need to understand how critical design features can be controlled to impart desired performance in vivo. In this review, we survey the range of nucleic acid materials utilized as structural building blocks (DNA, RNA, and xenonucleic acids), the diversity of geometries for nanofabrication, and the strategies to functionalize these complexes. We include an assessment of the available and emerging characterization tools used to evaluate the physical, mechanical, physiochemical, and biological properties of NANs in vitro. Finally, the current understanding of the obstacles encountered along the in vivo journey is contextualized to demonstrate how morphological features of NANs influence their biological fates. We envision that this summary will aid researchers in the designing novel NAN morphologies, guide characterization efforts, and design of experiments and spark interdisciplinary collaborations to fuel advancements in programmable platforms for biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I. Langlois
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kristine Y. Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Larsson E, Morén B, McMahon KA, Parton RG, Lundmark R. Dynamin2 functions as an accessory protein to reduce the rate of caveola internalization. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213853. [PMID: 36729022 PMCID: PMC9929934 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are small membrane invaginations that generally are stably attached to the plasma membrane. Their release is believed to depend on the GTPase dynamin 2 (Dyn2), in analogy with its role in fission of clathrin-coated vesicles. The mechanistic understanding of caveola fission is, however, sparse. Here, we used microscopy-based tracking of individual caveolae in living cells to determine the role of Dyn2 in caveola dynamics. We report that Dyn2 stably associated with the bulb of a subset of caveolae, but was not required for formation or fission of caveolae. Dyn2-positive caveolae displayed longer plasma membrane duration times, whereas depletion of Dyn2 resulted in shorter duration times and increased caveola fission. The stabilizing role of Dyn2 was independent of its GTPase activity and the caveola stabilizing protein EHD2. Thus, we propose that, in contrast to the current view, Dyn2 is not a core component of the caveolae machinery, but rather functions as an accessory protein that restrains caveola internalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Larsson
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Morén
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kerrie-Ann McMahon
- https://ror.org/00rqy9422Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- https://ror.org/00rqy9422Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Lundmark
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Correspondence to Richard Lundmark:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kozlov MM, Taraska JW. Generation of nanoscopic membrane curvature for membrane trafficking. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:63-78. [PMID: 35918535 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Curved membranes are key features of intracellular organelles, and their generation involves dynamic protein complexes. Here we describe the fundamental mechanisms such as the hydrophobic insertion, scaffolding and crowding mechanisms these proteins use to produce membrane curvatures and complex shapes required to form intracellular organelles and vesicular structures involved in endocytosis and secretion. For each mechanism, we discuss its cellular functions as well as the underlying physical principles and the specific membrane properties required for the mechanism to be feasible. We propose that the integration of individual mechanisms into a highly controlled, robust process of curvature generation often relies on the assembly of proteins into coats. How cells unify and organize the curvature-generating factors at the nanoscale is presented for three ubiquitous coats central for membrane trafficking in eukaryotes: clathrin-coated pits, caveolae, and COPI and COPII coats. The emerging theme is that these coats arrange and coordinate curvature-generating factors in time and space to dynamically shape membranes to accomplish membrane trafficking within cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang Q, Li N, Lyv Y, Yu S, Zhou J. Engineering caveolin-mediated endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1056-1063. [PMID: 35845314 PMCID: PMC9263866 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potential substitute for fatty acids, common low-cost oils could be used to produce acetyl-CoA derivatives, which meet the needs of low-cost industrial production. However, oils are hydrophobic macromolecules and cannot be directly transported into cells. In this study, caveolin was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to absorb exogenous oils. The expression of caveolin fused with green fluorescent protein showed that caveolin mediated the formation of microvesicles in S. cerevisiae and the addition of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein showed that caveolae had the ability to transport exogenous substances into cells. The intracellular and extracellular triacylglycerol levels were then detected after the addition of soybean oil pre-stained with Nile Red, which proved that caveolae had the ability to absorb the exogenous oils. Lastly, caveolin for oils absorption and lipase from Bacillus pumilus for oil hydrolysis were co-expressed in the naringenin-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, resulting in naringenin production increasing from 222 mg/g DCW (dry cell weight) (231 mg/L) to 269 mg/g DCW (241 mg/L). These results suggested that the caveolin-mediated transporter independent oil transport system would provide a promising strategy for the transport of hydrophobic substrates.
Collapse
|
29
|
Radmanić L, Korać P, Gorenec L, Šimičić P, Bodulić K, Vince A, Lepej SŽ. Distinct Expression Patterns of Genes Coding for Biological Response Modifiers Involved in Inflammatory Responses and Development of Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C: Upregulation of SMAD-6 and MMP-8 and Downregulation of CAV-1, CTGF, CEBPB, PLG, TIMP-3, MMP-1, ITGA-1, ITGA-2 and LOX. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58121734. [PMID: 36556936 PMCID: PMC9785468 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of genes on transcriptomic levels involved in inflammatory immune responses and the development of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Materials and Methods: Expression patterns of 84 selected genes were analyzed with real-time quantitative RT PCR arrays in the peripheral blood of treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C and healthy controls. The panel included pro- and anti-fibrotic genes, genes coding for extracellular matrix (EMC) structural constituents and remodeling enzymes, cell adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, signal transduction members of the transforming growth factor- beta (TGF-ß) superfamily, transcription factors, and genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Results: The expression of SMAD-6 coding for a signal transduction TGF-beta superfamily member as well as MMP-8 coding for an ECM protein were significantly increased in CHC patients compared with controls. Conclusions: Chronic hepatitis C was also characterized by a significant downregulation of a set of genes including CAV-1, CTGF, TIMP-3, MMP-1, ITGA-1, LOX, ITGA-2, PLG and CEBPB encoding various biological response modifiers and transcription factors. Our results suggest that chronic hepatitis C is associated with distinct patterns of gene expression modulation in pathways associated with the regulation of immune responses and development of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leona Radmanić
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Korać
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Gorenec
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Šimičić
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristian Bodulić
- Research Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adriana Vince
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Židovec Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-2826-625
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Matthaeus C, Sochacki KA, Dickey AM, Puchkov D, Haucke V, Lehmann M, Taraska JW. The molecular organization of differentially curved caveolae indicates bendable structural units at the plasma membrane. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7234. [PMID: 36433988 PMCID: PMC9700719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are small coated plasma membrane invaginations with diverse functions. Caveolae undergo curvature changes. Yet, it is unclear which proteins regulate this process. To address this gap, we develop a correlative stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence and platinum replica electron microscopy imaging (CLEM) method to image proteins at single caveolae. Caveolins and cavins are found at all caveolae, independent of curvature. EHD2 is detected at both low and highly curved caveolae. Pacsin2 associates with low curved caveolae and EHBP1 with mostly highly curved caveolae. Dynamin is absent from caveolae. Cells lacking dynamin show no substantial changes to caveolae, suggesting that dynamin is not directly involved in caveolae curvature. We propose a model where caveolins, cavins, and EHD2 assemble as a cohesive structural unit regulated by intermittent associations with pacsin2 and EHBP1. These coats can flatten and curve to enable lipid traffic, signaling, and changes to the surface area of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Matthaeus
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kem A Sochacki
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea M Dickey
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nakanishi J, Yamamoto S. Static and photoresponsive dynamic materials to dissect physical regulation of cellular functions. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6116-6134. [PMID: 36111810 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00789d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in mechanobiology has highlighted the importance of physical cues, such as mechanics, geometry (size), topography, and porosity, in the determination of cellular activities and fates, in addition to biochemical factors derived from their surroundings. In this review, we will first provide an overview of how such fundamental insights are identified by synchronizing the hierarchical nature of biological systems and static materials with tunable physical cues. Thereafter, we will explain the photoresponsive dynamic biomaterials to dissect the spatiotemporal aspects of the dependence of biological functions on physical cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakanishi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. .,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. .,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Popov LD. Deciphering the relationship between caveolae-mediated intracellular transport and signalling events. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110399. [PMID: 35820545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The caveolae-mediated transport across polarized epithelial cell barriers has been largely deciphered in the last decades and is considered the second essential intracellular transfer mechanism, after the clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The basic cell biology knowledge was supplemented recently, with the molecular mechanisms beyond caveolae generation implying the key contribution of the lipid-binding proteins (the structural protein Caveolin and the adapter protein Cavin), along with the bulb coat stabilizing molecules PACSIN-2 and Eps15 homology domain protein-2. The current attention is focused also on caveolae architecture (such as the bulb coat, the neck, the membrane funnel inside the bulb, and the associated receptors), and their specific tasks during the intracellular transport of various cargoes. Here, we resume the present understanding of the assembly, detachment, and internalization of caveolae from the plasma membrane lipid raft domains, and give an updated view on transcytosis and endocytosis, the two itineraries of cargoes transport via caveolae. The review adds novel data on the signalling molecules regulating caveolae intracellular routes and on the transport dysregulation in diseases. The therapeutic possibilities offered by exploitation of Caveolin-1 expression and caveolae trafficking, and the urgent issues to be uncovered conclude the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia-Doina Popov
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Choi S, Vivas O, Baudot M, Moreno CM. Aging Alters the Formation and Functionality of Signaling Microdomains Between L-type Calcium Channels and β2-Adrenergic Receptors in Cardiac Pacemaker Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:805909. [PMID: 35514336 PMCID: PMC9065441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.805909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate is accelerated to match physiological demands through the action of noradrenaline on the cardiac pacemaker. Noradrenaline is released from sympathetic terminals and activates β1-and β2-adrenergic receptors (ΑRs) located at the plasma membrane of pacemaker cells. L-type calcium channels are one of the main downstream targets potentiated by the activation of β-ARs. For this signaling to occur, L-type calcium channels need to be located in close proximity to β-ARs inside caveolae. Although it is known that aging causes a slowdown of the pacemaker rate and a reduction in the response of pacemaker cells to noradrenaline, there is a lack of in-depth mechanistic insights into these age-associated changes. Here, we show that aging affects the formation and function of adrenergic signaling microdomains inside caveolae. By evaluating the β1 and β2 components of the adrenergic regulation of the L-type calcium current, we show that aging does not alter the regulation mediated by β1-ARs but drastically impairs that mediated by β2-ARs. We studied the integrity of the signaling microdomains formed between L-type calcium channels and β-ARs by combining high-resolution microscopy and proximity ligation assays. We show that consistent with the electrophysiological data, aging decreases the physical association between β2-ARs and L-type calcium channels. Interestingly, this reduction is associated with a decrease in the association of L-type calcium channels with the scaffolding protein AKAP150. Old pacemaker cells also have a reduction in caveolae density and in the association of L-type calcium channels with caveolin-3. Together the age-dependent alterations in caveolar formation and the nano-organization of β2-ARs and L-type calcium channels result in a reduced sensitivity of the channels to β2 adrenergic modulation. Our results highlight the importance of these signaling microdomains in maintaining the chronotropic modulation of the heart and also pinpoint the direct impact that aging has on their function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthias Baudot
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Claudia M Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sterolight as imaging tool to study sterol uptake, trafficking and efflux in living cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6264. [PMID: 35428843 PMCID: PMC9012876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about cholesterol subcellular localization and transport pathways inside cells is essential for understanding and treatment of cholesterol-related diseases. However, there is a lack of reliable tools to monitor it. This work follows the fate of Sterolight, a BODIPY-labelled sterol, within the cell and demonstrates it as a suitable probe for visualization of sterol/lipid trafficking. Sterolight enters cells through an energy-independent process and knockdown experiments suggest caveolin-1 as its potential cellular carrier. Intracellular transport of Sterolight is a rapid process, and transfer from ER and mitochondria to lysosomes and later to lipid droplets requires the participation of active microtubules, as it can be inhibited by the microtubule disruptor nocodazole. Excess of the probe is actively exported from cells, in addition to being stored in lipid droplets, to re-establish the sterol balance. Efflux occurs through a mechanism requiring energy and may be selectively poisoned with verapamil or blocked in cells with mutated cholesterol transporter NPC1. Sterolight is efficiently transferred within and between different cell populations, making it suitable for monitoring numerous aspects of sterol biology, including the live tracking and visualization of intracellular and intercellular transport.
Collapse
|
35
|
Luo S, Yang M, Zhao H, Han Y, Jiang N, Yang J, Chen W, Li C, Liu Y, Zhao C, Sun L. Caveolin-1 Regulates Cellular Metabolism: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768100. [PMID: 34955837 PMCID: PMC8703113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is an energy-consuming organ, and cellular metabolism plays an indispensable role in kidney-related diseases. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a multifunctional membrane protein, is the main component of caveolae on the plasma membrane. Caveolae are represented by tiny invaginations that are abundant on the plasma membrane and that serve as a platform to regulate cellular endocytosis, stress responses, and signal transduction. However, caveolae have received increasing attention as a metabolic platform that mediates the endocytosis of albumin, cholesterol, and glucose, participates in cellular metabolic reprogramming and is involved in the progression of kidney disease. It is worth noting that caveolae mainly depend on Cav-1 to perform the abovementioned cellular functions. Furthermore, the mechanism by which Cav-1 regulates cellular metabolism and participates in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases has not been completely elucidated. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of Cav-1 and its functions in regulating cellular metabolism, autophagy, and oxidative stress, focusing on the relationship between Cav-1 in cellular metabolism and kidney disease; in addition, Cav-1 that serves as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of kidney disease is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Chanyue Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aurora A and AKT Kinase Signaling Associated with Primary Cilia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123602. [PMID: 34944109 PMCID: PMC8699881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of kinase signaling is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity; consequently, the kinases involved have become major therapeutic targets. While kinase signaling pathways play crucial roles in multiple cellular processes, the precise manner in which their dysregulation contributes to disease is dependent on the context; for example, the cell/tissue type or subcellular localization of the kinase or substrate. Thus, context-selective targeting of dysregulated kinases may serve to increase the therapeutic specificity while reducing off-target adverse effects. Primary cilia are antenna-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and function by detecting extracellular cues and transducing signals into the cell. Cilia formation and signaling are dynamically regulated through context-dependent mechanisms; as such, dysregulation of primary cilia contributes to disease in a variety of ways. Here, we review the involvement of primary cilia-associated signaling through aurora A and AKT kinases with respect to cancer, obesity, and other ciliopathies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|