1
|
Scarpa ES, Antonelli A, Balercia G, Sabatelli S, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Giacchetti G, Micucci M. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Diabetic, and Pro-Osteogenic Activities of Polyphenols for the Treatment of Two Different Chronic Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:836. [PMID: 39062550 PMCID: PMC11275061 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural bioactives occurring in medicinal and aromatic plants and food and beverages of plant origin. Compared with conventional therapies, plant-derived phytochemicals are more affordable and accessible and have no toxic side effects. Thus, pharmaceutical research is increasingly inclined to discover and study new and innovative natural molecules for the treatment of several chronic human diseases, like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis. These pathological conditions are characterized by a chronic inflammatory state and persistent oxidative stress, which are interconnected and lead to the development and worsening of these two health disorders. Oral nano delivery strategies have been used to improve the bioavailability of polyphenols and to allow these natural molecules to exert their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and pro-osteogenic biological activities in in vivo experimental models and in patients. Polyphenols are commonly used in the formulations of nutraceuticals, which can counteract the detrimental effects of T2DM and osteoporosis pathologies. This review describes the polyphenols that can exert protective effects against T2DM and osteoporosis through the modulation of specific molecular markers and pathways. These bioactives could be used as adjuvants, in combination with synthetic drugs, in the future to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of T2DM and osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Antonelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Sofia Sabatelli
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gilberta Giacchetti
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (A.A.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Sun Z, Jia R, Jiang D, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Wu YQ, Wang X. Protective effects of polydatin against bone and joint disorders: the in vitro and in vivo evidence so far. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:96-107. [PMID: 37088535 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin is an active polyphenol displaying multifaceted benefits. Recently, growing studies have noticed its potential therapeutic effects on bone and joint disorders (BJDs). Therefore, this article reviews recent in vivo and in vitro progress on the protective role of polydatin against BJDs. An insight into the underlying mechanisms is also presented. It was found that polydatin could promote osteogenesis in vitro, and symptom improvements have been disclosed with animal models of osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis and rheumatic arthritis. These beneficial effects obtained in laboratory could be mainly attributed to the bone metabolism-regulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, apoptosis-regulating and autophagy-regulating functions of polydatin. However, studies on human subjects with BJDs that can lead to early identification of the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of polydatin have not been reported yet. Accordingly, this review serves as a starting point for pursuing clinical trials. Additionally, future emphasis should also be devoted to the low bioavailability and prompt metabolism nature of polydatin. In summary, well-designed clinical trials of polydatin in patients with BJD are in demand, and its pharmacokinetic nature must be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County People's Hospital, Chongqing, 409899, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyu Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Qi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao G, Hu S, Ning Y, Dou X, Ding C, Wang L, Wang Z, Sang X, Yang Q, Shi J, Hao M, Han X. Traditional Chinese medicine in osteoporosis: from pathogenesis to potential activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1370900. [PMID: 38628648 PMCID: PMC11019011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1370900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis characterized by decreased bone density and mass, is a systemic bone disease with the destruction of microstructure and increase in fragility. Osteoporosis is attributed to multiple causes, including aging, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and other factors induced by the adverse effects of medications. Without treatment, osteoporosis will further progress and bring great trouble to human life. Due to the various causes, the treatment of osteoporosis is mainly aimed at improving bone metabolism, inhibiting bone resorption, and promoting bone formation. Although the currently approved drugs can reduce the risk of fragility fractures in individuals, a single drug has limitations in terms of safety and effectiveness. By contrast, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a characteristic discipline in China, including syndrome differentiation, Chinese medicine prescription, and active ingredients, shows unique advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis and has received attention all over the world. Therefore, this review summarized the pathogenic factors, pathogenesis, therapy limitations, and advantages of TCM, aiming at providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - ShaoQi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu ZW, Xi XL, Wu TR, Lu YY, Zhong PC, Hu YJ, Shen XL. Aikeqing, a kidney- and spleen-tonifying compound Chinese medicine granule, prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats via the suppression of osteoclastogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115339. [PMID: 37595429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are prone to osteoporosis due to increased osteoclast activation and bone resorption caused by oestrogen deficiency. In Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, medicines with spleen- and kidney-nourishing effects are commonly used in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) treatment. Aikeqing (AKQ) is a compound Chinese medicinal granule with spleen- and kidney-nourishing effects. Herein, we investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-osteoporotic effects of AKQ, its underlying mechanisms and pharmacodynamic basis. In vitro antiosteoporotic effects of AKQ were assessed by its ability to promote osteoblastogenesis in MC3T3-E1 and/or inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow monocytes (BMMs). The protective effect of AKQ on bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency was evaluated in ovariectomized rats. The underlying mechanisms were studied in BMMs by detecting the effects of AKQ on the RANKL-induced expression of genes and proteins involved in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. The main chemical constituents of AKQ in the granule were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS. Our findings show that AKQ did not affect osteoblastogenesis, but it inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In the ovariectomized rats, oral administration of AKQ (4 g/kg/d) for 90 d effectively prevented oestrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. Mechanistic studies in BMMs revealed that AKQ inhibited RNAKL-induced activation of NF-κB (p65) and MAPKs (p38 and JNK) via blocking the RANK-TRAF6 interaction, subsequently suppressing the translocation and expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis quantified the 123 main components of AKQ. Taken together, AKQ was demonstrated for the first time as a novel alternative therapy for osteoclast-associated bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Li Xi
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao-Rui Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Jie Hu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi X, Zhuang L, Zhai Z, He Y, Sun E. Polydatin protects against gouty nephropathy by inhibiting renal tubular cell pyroptosis. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:116-123. [PMID: 36328529 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of polydatin (PD) against gouty nephropathy (GN) in mice. METHODS Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (no treatment), the GN group (300 mg/kg hypoxanthine + 150 mg/kg potassium oxonate), and the GN + PD group (300 mg/kg hypoxanthine + 150 mg/kg potassium oxonate + 50 mg/kg PD). Histological changes in the kidneys and the levels of uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) in the sera were measured. In addition, the expression of gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein in renal tubular epithelial cells, and the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), GSDMD, and caspase-1 proteins in the kidney tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. RESULTS In vitro, PD inhibited the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD and protected the renal tubular epithelial cells from pyroptosis. In vivo, PD treatment significantly ameliorated the pathological changes in kidney tissue, and reversed the decrease of serum UA and BUN in GN model mice. The expression of NLRP3, GSDMD, and caspase-1 proteins was also decreased in the PD-treated GN mice. CONCLUSION The results suggest that PD has a protective effect on mice with GN, which may be related to the downregulation of NLRP3, GSDMD, and caspase-1 proteins and the inhibition of renal tubular epithelial cells pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Zhai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bai Q, Shi M, Sun X, Lou Q, Peng H, Qu Z, Fan J, Dai L. Comprehensive analysis of the m6A-related molecular patterns and diagnostic biomarkers in osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:957742. [PMID: 36034449 PMCID: PMC9399504 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.957742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a critical epigenetic modification in eukaryotes and involves several biological processes and occurrences of diseases. However, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of m6A regulators in osteoporosis (OP) remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the roles and mechanisms of m6A regulators in OP. METHODS The mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles were respectively obtained from GSE56815, GSE7158, and GSE93883 datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differential expression of 21 m6A regulators between high-bone mineral density (BMD) and low-BMD women was identified. Then, a consensus clustering of low-BMD women was performed based on differentially expressed (DE)-m6A regulators. The m6A-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), and biological functions were investigated. Moreover, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed to identify the OP-related hub modules, hub genes, and the functional pathways. Then, an m6A regulator-target-pathway network and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in key modules were constructed. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) Cox regression model and a Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) model were constructed to identify the candidate genes for OP prediction. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to validate the performances of predictive models and candidate genes. RESULTS A total of 10,520 DEGs, 13 DE-m6A regulators, and 506 DE-miRNAs between high-BMD and low-BMD women were identified. Two m6A-related subclusters with 13 DE-m6A regulators were classified for OP. There were 5,260 m6A-related DEGs identified between two m6A-related subclusters, the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and immune-related pathways, and bone metabolism was mainly enriched in cluster 2. Cell cycle-related pathways, RNA methylation, and cell death-related pathways were significantly involved in cluster 1. Five modules were identified as key modules based on WGCNA, and an m6A regulator-target gene-pathway network and the ceRNA network were constructed in module brown. Moreover, three m6A regulators (FTO, YTHDF2, and CBLL1) were selected as the candidate genes for OP. CONCLUSION M6A regulators play an important role in the occurrences and diagnosis of OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Bai
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Molecular Biology, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Molecular Biology, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinli Sun
- National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Yunnan Dianchi, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiu Lou
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hangya Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuan Qu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jiashuang Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lifen Dai, ; Jiashuang Fan,
| | - Lifen Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lifen Dai, ; Jiashuang Fan,
| |
Collapse
|