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Wei J, Wang M, Li S, Han R, Xu W, Zhao A, Yu Q, Li H, Li M, Chi G. Reprogramming of astrocytes and glioma cells into neurons for central nervous system repair and glioblastoma therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116806. [PMID: 38796971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) damage is usually irreversible owing to the limited regenerative capability of neurons. Following CNS injury, astrocytes are reactively activated and are the key cells involved in post-injury repair mechanisms. Consequently, research on the reprogramming of reactive astrocytes into neurons could provide new directions for the restoration of neural function after CNS injury and in the promotion of recovery in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the means through which reactive astrocytes around lesions can be reprogrammed into neurons, to elucidate the intrinsic connection between the two cell types from a neurogenesis perspective, and to summarize what is known about the neurotranscription factors, small-molecule compounds and MicroRNA that play major roles in astrocyte reprogramming. As the malignant proliferation of astrocytes promotes the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), this review also examines the research advances on and the theoretical basis for the reprogramming of GBM cells into neurons and discusses the advantages of such approaches over traditional treatment modalities. This comprehensive review provides new insights into the field of GBM therapy and theoretical insights into the mechanisms of neurological recovery following neurological injury and in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China.
| | - Wenhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Anqi Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qi Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Haokun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Hu T, Zeng C, Song Z, Liu Q, Chen S, Huang W, Ma Q, Li H. HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR stabilize ASCL1 in an m6A-dependent manner to promote neuroblastoma progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167050. [PMID: 38331110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR stabilize ASCL1 mRNA in neuroblastoma, but whether their regulatory effects depend on m6A modification and whether their function involves ASCL1 remain unknown. This study investigated the m6A-dependent binding of HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR to ASCL1 and subsequent regulation, as well as the expression, clinical significance, and function of HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR in neuroblastoma. We revealed that METTL14 mediated ASCL1 m6A modification to stabilize ASCL1. HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR significantly enriched ASCL1 mRNA by binding to the 5' and 3' untranslated regions, respectively, and METTL14 knockdown reduced this enrichment. Mutations in m6A sites in the untranslated regions of ASCL1 mRNA considerably decreased probe capacity to engage HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR. HNRNPR interacts with IGF2BP1, and knocking down either impaired binding to ASCL1 mRNA. HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR knockdown suppressed neuroblastoma cell growth and invasion, while ASCL1 overexpression restored these effects. The high HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR expression in neuroblastoma correlated with ASCL1 expression. Thus, HNRNPA2B1 and HNRNPR bind and stabilize ASCL1 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner to promote neuroblastoma progression. This study not only discovered a new mechanism underlying the high ASCL1 expression in neuroblastoma but also identified the HNRNPA2B1/HNRNPR/ASCL1 axis as a promising target for inhibiting neuroblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Department of Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410119, China
| | - Zhihao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Si Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Choi W, Choe MS, Kim SM, Kim SJ, Lee J, Lee Y, Lee SM, Dho SH, Lee MY, Kim LK. RFX4 is an intrinsic factor for neuronal differentiation through induction of proneural genes POU3F2 and NEUROD1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:99. [PMID: 38386071 PMCID: PMC10884155 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Proneural genes play a crucial role in neuronal differentiation. However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing proneural genes during neuronal differentiation remains limited. RFX4, identified as a candidate regulator of proneural genes, has been reported to be associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. To uncover the regulatory relationship, we utilized a combination of multi-omics data, including ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, Hi-C, and RNA-seq, to identify RFX4 as an upstream regulator of proneural genes. We further validated the role of RFX4 using an in vitro model of neuronal differentiation with RFX4 knock-in and a CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out system. As a result, we found that RFX4 directly interacts with the promoters of POU3F2 and NEUROD1. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a set of genes associated with neuronal development, which are highly implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Notably, ectopic expression of RFX4 can drive human embryonic stem cells toward a neuronal fate. Our results strongly indicate that RFX4 serves as a direct upstream regulator of proneural genes, a role that is essential for normal neuronal development. Impairments in RFX4 function could potentially be related to the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, understanding the precise mechanisms by which the RFX4 gene influences the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders requires further investigation through human genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu Seog Choe
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Min Lee
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Dho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea.
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Hussain G, Akram R, Anwar H, Sajid F, Iman T, Han HS, Raza C, De Aguilar JLG. Adult neurogenesis: a real hope or a delusion? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:6-15. [PMID: 37488837 PMCID: PMC10479850 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process of creating new neurons, involves the coordinated division, migration, and differentiation of neural stem cells. This process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory bulb. Neurogenesis has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem cells. Interestingly, recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis, bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Here, we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem cells. In this notion, we talk about the importance of intracellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell proliferation. Based on the current understanding, we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature brain. However, to achieve this goal, we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints, which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akram
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Sajid
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Iman
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hyung Soo Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chand Raza
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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5
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Duruz J, Sprecher M, Kaldun JC, Al-Soudy AS, Lischer HEL, van Geest G, Nicholson P, Bruggmann R, Sprecher SG. Molecular characterization of cell types in the squid Loligo vulgaris. eLife 2023; 12:80670. [PMID: 36594460 PMCID: PMC9839350 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods are set apart from other mollusks by their advanced behavioral abilities and the complexity of their nervous systems. Because of the great evolutionary distance that separates vertebrates from cephalopods, it is evident that higher cognitive features have evolved separately in these clades despite the similarities that they share. Alongside their complex behavioral abilities, cephalopods have evolved specialized cells and tissues, such as the chromatophores for camouflage or suckers to grasp prey. Despite significant progress in genome and transcriptome sequencing, the molecular identities of cell types in cephalopods remain largely unknown. We here combine single-cell transcriptomics with in situ gene expression analysis to uncover cell type diversity in the European squid Loligo vulgaris. We describe cell types that are conserved with other phyla such as neurons, muscles, or connective tissues but also cephalopod-specific cells, such as chromatophores or sucker cells. Moreover, we investigate major components of the squid nervous system including progenitor and developing cells, differentiated cells of the brain and optic lobes, as well as sensory systems of the head. Our study provides a molecular assessment for conserved and novel cell types in cephalopods and a framework for mapping the nervous system of L. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Duruz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Marta Sprecher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Jenifer C Kaldun
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Al-Sayed Al-Soudy
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Heidi EL Lischer
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Geert van Geest
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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6
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A shear-thinning, ROS-scavenging hydrogel combined with dental pulp stem cells promotes spinal cord repair by inhibiting ferroptosis. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:274-290. [PMID: 36263097 PMCID: PMC9556860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical disease. Due to the deformability and fragility of the spinal cord, overly rigid hydrogels cannot be used to treat SCI. Hence, we used TPA and Laponite to develop a hydrogel with shear-thinning ability. This hydrogel exhibits good deformation, allowing it to match the physical properties of the spinal cord; additionally, this hydrogel scavenges ROS well, allowing it to inhibit the lipid peroxidation caused by ferroptosis. According to the in vivo studies, the TPA@Laponite hydrogel could synergistically inhibit ferroptosis by improving vascular function and regulating iron metabolism. In addition, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were introduced into the TPA@Laponite hydrogel to regulate the ratios of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. It was shown that this combination biomaterial effectively reduced muscle spasms and promoted recovery from SCI.
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7
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Deng Y, Bartosovic M, Ma S, Zhang D, Kukanja P, Xiao Y, Su G, Liu Y, Qin X, Rosoklija GB, Dwork AJ, Mann JJ, Xu ML, Halene S, Craft JE, Leong KW, Boldrini M, Castelo-Branco G, Fan R. Spatial profiling of chromatin accessibility in mouse and human tissues. Nature 2022; 609:375-383. [PMID: 35978191 PMCID: PMC9452302 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular function in tissue is dependent on the local environment, requiring new methods for spatial mapping of biomolecules and cells in the tissue context1. The emergence of spatial transcriptomics has enabled genome-scale gene expression mapping2-5, but the ability to capture spatial epigenetic information of tissue at the cellular level and genome scale is lacking. Here we describe a method for spatially resolved chromatin accessibility profiling of tissue sections using next-generation sequencing (spatial-ATAC-seq) by combining in situ Tn5 transposition chemistry6 and microfluidic deterministic barcoding5. Profiling mouse embryos using spatial-ATAC-seq delineated tissue-region-specific epigenetic landscapes and identified gene regulators involved in the development of the central nervous system. Mapping the accessible genome in the mouse and human brain revealed the intricate arealization of brain regions. Applying spatial-ATAC-seq to tonsil tissue resolved the spatially distinct organization of immune cell types and states in lymphoid follicles and extrafollicular zones. This technology progresses spatial biology by enabling spatially resolved chromatin accessibility profiling to improve our understanding of cell identity, cell state and cell fate decision in relation to epigenetic underpinnings in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marek Bartosovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sai Ma
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Petra Kukanja
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Graham Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gorazd B Rosoklija
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Andrew J Dwork
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mina L Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph E Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Human and Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Soares MAF, Oliveira RA, Castro DS. Function and regulation of transcription factors during mitosis-to-G1 transition. Open Biol 2022; 12:220062. [PMID: 35642493 PMCID: PMC9157305 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, drastic cellular changes characteristic of mitosis result in the inactivation of the transcriptional machinery, and global downregulation of transcription. Sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) have thus been considered mere bystanders, devoid of any regulatory function during mitosis. This view changed significantly in recent years, upon the conclusion that many TFs associate with condensed chromosomes during cell division, even occupying a fraction of their genomic target sites in mitotic chromatin. This finding was at the origin of the concept of mitotic bookmarking by TFs, proposed as a mechanism to propagate gene regulatory information across cell divisions, by facilitating the reactivation of specific bookmarked genes. While the underlying mechanisms and biological significance of this model remain elusive, recent developments in this fast-moving field have cast new light into TF activity during mitosis, beyond a bookmarking role. Here, we start by reviewing the most recent findings on the complex nature of TF-chromatin interactions during mitosis, and on mechanisms that may regulate them. Next, and in light of recent reports describing how transcription is reinitiated in temporally distinct waves during mitosis-to-G1 transition, we explore how TFs may contribute to defining this hierarchical gene expression process. Finally, we discuss how TF activity during mitotic exit may impact the acquisition of cell identity upon cell division, and propose a model that integrates dynamic changes in TF-chromatin interactions during this cell-cycle period, with the execution of cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário A. F. Soares
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Diogo S. Castro
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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