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Hui BYK, Chin KLO, Lim JJL, Soo XYD, Lu X, Zhu Q, Liu X, Xu J, Chua MH. Strategies to Enhance the Electrochromic Properties of Conjugated Polymers Bearing Pyromellitic Diimide Acceptors. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400236. [PMID: 38679783 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A series of conjugated polymers bearing thiophene-based donors and pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) acceptor were prepared, and their electrochromic (EC) properties were studied via using fabricated thin-film EC devices. It was observed that structurally regular alternating polymers with fewer (1 and 2) thiophene donors do not exhibit any EC properties while increasing the number of donors eventually led to the emergence of orange-red-to-green colour switching. On this basis, two more random co-polymers containing higher donor-to-acceptor ratios were synthesized to further improve EC switching properties. The two polymers, which bear a PMDI-to-thiophene ratio of ca. 1 : 7 and 1 : 8, revealed orange red-to-blue colour switching and generally improved optical contrasts and switching speeds in both the visible and near infra-red (NIR) region. In addition, the subtle modulation of polymer colour and hue via variation of the number of thiophene donors was evident through colorimetric study. This work therefore demonstrates the potential and possibility of using the PMDI acceptor unit to construct EC-active conjugated polymers, and considerations for future tuning of colour and switching performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Yat Kit Hui
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833
- Science, Math and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372
| | - Kang Le Osmund Chin
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833
| | - Jovan Jun Long Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Xiang Yun Debbie Soo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634
| | - Xuehong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Science, Math and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833
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2
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Carella A, Landi A, Bonomo M, Chiarella F, Centore R, Peluso A, Nejrotti S, Barra M. Asymmetrical Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives with Improved Solubility and Balanced Charge Transport Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:2805. [PMID: 38930874 PMCID: PMC11207042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) unit represents one of the building blocks more widely employed in the field of organic electronics; in most of the reported DPP-based small molecules, this unit represents the electron acceptor core symmetrically coupled to donor moieties, and the solubility is guaranteed by functionalizing lactamic nitrogens with long and branched alkyl tails. In this paper, we explored the possibility of modulating the solubility by realizing asymmetric DPP derivatives, where the molecular structure is extended in just one direction. Four novel derivatives have been prepared, characterized by a common dithyenil-DPP fragment and functionalized on one side by a thiophene unit linked to different auxiliary electron acceptor groups. As compared to previously reported symmetric analogs, the novel dyes showed an increased solubility in chloroform and proved to be soluble in THF as well. The novel dyes underwent a thorough optical and electrochemical characterization. Electronic properties were studied at the DFT levels. All the dyes were used as active layers in organic field effect transistors, showing balanced charge transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Landi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (S.N.)
- Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Chiarella
- CNR-Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials, and Devices, Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, P. le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Roberto Centore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Stefano Nejrotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (S.N.)
- Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Barra
- CNR-Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials, and Devices, Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, P. le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.)
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Escalona Hernández V, Padilla-Martínez II, García RAV, Rodríguez MAV, Hernández-Ortiz OJ. Synthesis, and evaluation of photophysical properties of a potential DPP-derived photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy with D-A-D architecture. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:11. [PMID: 38300359 PMCID: PMC10834609 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The study of a macromolecule derived from DPP and triphenylamine, (DPP-BisTPA) by computational chemistry, its synthesis by direct arylation, optical characterization (UV-Vis and fluorescence) and electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry), as well as its evaluation as a generator of reactive oxygen species indirectly, through the degradation of uric acid. The results obtained by DFT using B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and TD-DFT using CAM-B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) reveal values of energy levels of the first singlet and triplet excited state that indicate a possible intersystem crossover and the possible generation of reactive oxygen species by a type I mechanism. The compound presents an absorption region within the phototherapeutic window. The electrochemical bandgap is 1.64 eV which suggests a behavior as a semiconductor. DPP-BisTPa were processed as hemispherical nanoparticles with a size around 100 nm, and NPOs were evaluated as a photosensitizer with a ROS generation yield of 4% using a photodynamic therapy flashlight as the light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Escalona Hernández
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - Itzia Irene Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, México.
| | - Rosa Angeles Vázquez García
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - María Aurora Veloz Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - Oscar Javier Hernández-Ortiz
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México.
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, México.
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Chen J, Ding Y, Zhou J, Li N, Ren S, Zeng M. Preparation of Novel Organic Polymer Semiconductor and Its Properties in Transistors through Collaborative Theoretical and Experimental Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4421. [PMID: 38006144 PMCID: PMC10674425 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymer semiconductors based on donor-acceptor structures are commonly employed as core materials for optoelectronic devices in the field of organic electronics. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel acceptor unit thiophene-vinyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole, named TVDPP, based on a four-step organic synthesis procedure. Stille coupling reactions were applied with high yields of polymerization of TVDPP with fluorinated thiophene (FT) monomer. The molecular weight and thermal stability of the polymers were tested and showed high molecular weight and good thermal stability. Theoretical simulation calculations and 2D grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) tests verified the planarity of the material and excellent stacking properties, which are favorable for achieving high carrier mobility. Measurements based on the polymer as an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) device were carried out, and the mobility and on/off current ratio reached 0.383 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 104, respectively, showing its great potential in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
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5
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Mastropasqua Talamo M, Cauchy T, Zinna F, Pop F, Avarvari N. Tuning the photophysical and chiroptical properties of [4]helicene-diketopyrrolopyrroles. Chirality 2023; 35:805-816. [PMID: 37203869 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and functionalization of diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) derivatives containing chiral groups able to induce a strong chiral perturbation of the DPP core are still a challenging task. We report in this work the straightforward preparation of four bis([4]helicene)-DPP and bis([4]thiahelicene)-DPP dyes upon the condensation of 2-CN-[4](thia)helicene precursors, followed by their N-alkylation by nucleophilic substitution (compounds 9-11) or by a Mitsunobu-type strategy (compound 12). Compound 12, which contains sec-phenylethyl groups attached to the nitrogen atoms, has been obtained as (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers. The four DPP-helicenes are luminescent in solution, while the N-benzyl (10) and N-sec-phenethyl (12) are emissive in the solid state as well. The chiroptical properties of compound 12 in solution and in the solid state indicate a strong chiral perturbation provided by the α-stereogenic centres, in spite of the stereodynamic nature of the [4]helicene flanking units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Cauchy
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, Angers, France
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Pop
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, Angers, France
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, Angers, France
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6
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Liu J, Zhang X, Fu M, Wang X, Gao Y, Xu X, Xiao T, Wang Q, Fan Q. A diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small molecule with an extended conjugated skeleton and J-aggregation behavior for 808 nm laser triggered phototheranostics. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7124-7131. [PMID: 37698015 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01107k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of phototheranostic agents, specifically those based on organic small molecules (OSMs) with long wavelength excitation/emission, is an attractive but challenging project. In this contribution, we designed and synthesized a novel conjugate small molecule with a linear structure, named DPP-OPIC. Water-soluble nanoparticle DPP-OPIC NPs were fabricated. They exhibited strong absorption in the region of 600-1000 nm, which was due to the extended conjugate length of the molecular skeleton and J-aggregation behavior. Under 808 nm laser excitation, DPP-OPIC NPs were capable of producing outstanding near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) fluorescence. The photoluminescence quantum yield was determined as 0.58%, which enabled high-resolution in vivo tumor imaging. Additionally, a notable photothermal effect with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (41.5%) was achieved by the irradiation of DPP-OPIC NPs. Hence, DPP-OPIC NPs can be used as superior phototheranostic agents, providing valuable contributions to NIR-II fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingxuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yicong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xingpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tangxin Xiao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
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7
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Bo Y, Hou P, Wan J, Cao H, Liu Y, Xie L, Guldi DM. One-Pot Synthesis and Excited-State Dynamics of Null Exciton-Coupled Diketopyrrolopyrroles Oligo-Grids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302664. [PMID: 37289569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton coupling in molecular aggregates plays a vital role in impacting and fine-tuning optoelectronic materials and their efficiencies in devices. A versatile platform to decipher aggregation-property relationships is built around multichromophoric architectures. Here, a series of cyclic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) oligomers featuring nanoscale gridarene structures and rigid bifluorenyl spacers are designed and synthesized via one-pot Friedel-Crafts reaction. DPP dimer [2]Grid and trimer [3]Grid, which are cyclic rigid nanoarchitectures of rather different sizes, are further characterized via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. They exhibit monomer-like spectroscopic signatures in the steady-state measurements, from which null exciton couplings are derived. Moreover, in an apolar solvent, high fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state dynamics that resembled DPP monomer are gathered. In a polar solvent, the localized singlet excited state on a single DPP dissociates into the adjacent null coupling DPP with charge transfer characteristics. This pathway facilitates the evolution of the symmetry-broken charge-separated state (SB-CS). Notable is the fact that the SB-CS of [2]Grid is, on one hand, in equilibrium with the singlet excited state and promotes, on the other hand, the formation of the triplet excited state with a yield of 32% via charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- College of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, 1 Yangshan North Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Al-Ithawi WKA, Khasanov AF, Kovalev IS, Nikonov IL, Platonov VA, Kopchuk DS, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Ranu BC. TM-Free and TM-Catalyzed Mechanosynthesis of Functional Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081853. [PMID: 37112002 PMCID: PMC10142995 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemically induced methods are commonly used for the depolymerization of polymers, including plastic and agricultural wastes. So far, these methods have rarely been used for polymer synthesis. Compared to conventional polymerization in solutions, mechanochemical polymerization offers numerous advantages such as less or no solvent consumption, the accessibility of novel structures, the inclusion of co-polymers and post-modified polymers, and, most importantly, the avoidance of problems posed by low monomer/oligomer solubility and fast precipitation during polymerization. Consequently, the development of new functional polymers and materials, including those based on mechanochemically synthesized polymers, has drawn much interest, particularly from the perspective of green chemistry. In this review, we tried to highlight the most representative examples of transition-metal (TM)-free and TM-catalyzed mechanosynthesis of some functional polymers, such as semiconductive polymers, porous polymeric materials, sensory materials, materials for photovoltaics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahab K A Al-Ithawi
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Albert F Khasanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor S Kovalev
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor L Nikonov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A Platonov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kopchuk
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sougata Santra
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Grigory V Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Brindaban C Ranu
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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9
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Kleinschmidt AT, Chen AX, Ramji RS, Pascal TA, Lipomi DJ. Decoupling Planarizing and Steric Energetics to Accurately Model the Rigidity of π-Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2092-2102. [PMID: 36812262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The π-conjugated backbone of semiconducting polymers gives rise to both their electronic properties and structural rigidity. However, current computational methods for understanding the rigidity of polymer chains fail in one crucial way. Namely, standard torsional scan (TS) methods do not satisfactorily capture the behavior of polymers exhibiting a high degree of steric hindrance. This deficiency in part stems from the method by which torsional scans decouple energy related to electron delocalization from that related to nonbonded interactions. These methods do so by applying classical corrections of the nonbonded energy to the quantum mechanical (QM) torsional profile for polymers that are highly sterically hindered. These large corrections to the energy from nonbonded interactions can substantially skew the calculated QM energies related to torsion, resulting in an inaccurate or imprecise estimation of the rigidity of a polymer. As a consequence, simulations of the morphology of a highly sterically hindered polymer using the TS method can be highly inaccurate. Here, we describe an alternative, generalizable method by which the delocalization energy can be decoupled from the energy associated with nonbonded interactions─the "isolation of delocalization energy" (DE) method. From torsional energy calculations, we find that the relative accuracy of the DE method is similar to the TS method (within 1 kJ/mol) for two model polymers (P3HT, PTB7) when compared to quantum mechanical calculations. However, the DE method significantly increased the relative accuracy for simulations of PNDI-T, a highly sterically hindered polymer (8.16 kJ/mol). Likewise, we show that comparison of the planarization energy (i.e., backbone rigidity) from torsional parameters is significantly more precise for both PTB7 and PNDI-T when using the DE method as opposed to the TS method. These differences affect the simulated morphology, with the DE method predicting a significantly more planar configuration of PNDI-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Kleinschmidt
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Alexander X Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Robert S Ramji
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Tod A Pascal
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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10
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Structure modification of isoindigo copolymer synthesized by direct arylation that improves the open circuit voltage on organic solar cells. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Maity N, Majumder K, Patel AK, Swain D, Suryaprakash N, Patil S. Synthesis and Emergent Photophysical Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Supramolecular Self-Assembly. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23179-23188. [PMID: 35847286 PMCID: PMC9280760 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based molecular semiconductors exhibit intriguing optical and charge transport properties. Herein, we rationally design a series of electronically identical but structurally distinct Hamilton receptor (HR)-based supramolecular assembly of DPP. The HR endows supramolecular assemblies via hydrogen bonding with enhanced structural ordering and excitonic couplings. The mechanism of supramolecular self-assembly was probed by diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solid-state IR spectroscopy studies. We investigated the morphology of self-assembly, photophysical and electrochemical properties and compared them with the identical DPP molecular structures without HRs. The microstructure of self-assembly was probed with atomic force microscopy in thin films. Subsequently, the influence of solid-state packing was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The single-crystal structure of HR-TDPP-C20 reveals slipped stack arrangements between the two neighboring chromophores with π-π stacking distance and slip angle of 3.55 Å and 35.4°, respectively. Notably, the slight torsional angle of 1° between thiophene and lactam rings and small π-π stacking distance suggest a significant intermolecular coupling between thiophene (D) and lactam (A) rings. This intramolecular coupling between two π-π chromophore stacks manifests in their optical properties. In this manuscript, we report rational design and synthesis of supramolecular self-assembly of DPP with a collection of compelling structural and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilabja Maity
- Solid
State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kanad Majumder
- Solid
State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arun Kumar Patel
- NMR
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Diptikanta Swain
- Solid
State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Satish Patil
- Solid
State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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12
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Zhang D, Liang D, Gu L, Zhang H. Pyrrolopyrrole-Based Aza-BODIPY Small Molecules for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2022; 10:938353. [PMID: 35832464 PMCID: PMC9271750 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.938353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), due to its good planarity, π-conjugate structure, thermal stability, and structural modifiability, has received much attention from the scientific community as an excellent semiconductor material for its applications in the field of optoelectronics, such as organic solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and organic field effect transistors. In this study, a new small molecule, pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY (PPAB), based on the thiophene-substituted DPP structure was developed using the Schiff-base formation reaction of DPP and heteroaromatic amines. Absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, X-ray diffraction, molecular theoretical simulation calculation were performed, and organic field-effect transistor properties based on PPAB were investigated. It was found that PPAB exhibits a broad absorption range in the visible and near-infrared regions, which is attributed to its long-range conjugate structure. In addition, it is worth noting that PPAB has multiple F atoms resulting in the low LUMO level, which is conducive to the injection and transportation of charge carriers between the semiconductor layer and the electrode. Meanwhile, its hole carrier mobility is up to 1.3 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to its large conjugate structure, good intramolecular charge transfer effect, and high degree of coplanarity. In this study, a new chromophore with electron-deficient ability for designing high-performance semiconductors was successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Haichang Zhang,
| | - Dongxu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Haichang Zhang,
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13
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Lee H, Li H, Kim Y, Park SM, Lee D, Lee SJ, Lee HS, Kim YH, Kang B. Novel Dithienopyrrole-Based Conjugated Copolymers: Importance of Backbone Planarity in Achieving High Electrical Conductivity and Thermoelectric Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200277. [PMID: 35611445 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of conjugated polymers with structures that are suitable for efficient molecular doping and charge transport is a key challenge in the construction of high-performance conjugated polymer-based thermoelectric devices. In this study, three novel conjugated polymers based on dithienopyrrole (DTP) are synthesized and their thermoelectric properties are compared. When doped with p-dopant, a donor-acceptor type copolymer, DPP-MeDTP, exhibits higher electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power factor compared to the other donor-donor type copolymers. The high electrical conductivity of DPP-MeDTP compared to the other polymers originates from the high degree of backbone planarity and molecular order, which contributes to its high charge carrier mobility. In addition, the highly crystalline structure of DPP-MeDTP is well maintained upon doping, while the crystalline order of the other polymers decreases significantly upon doping. The findings of this work not only provide insights into the design of DTP-based conjugated polymers for thermoelectric use but also demonstrate the significance of a high degree of molecular order and structural robustness upon doping to achieve high thermoelectric performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshin Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongki Lee
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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14
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Synthesis of Donor–Acceptor Copolymers Derived from Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Fluorene via Eco-Friendly Direct Arylation: Nonlinear Optical Properties, Transient Absorption Spectroscopy, and Theoretical Modeling. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of PFDPP copolymers based on fluorene (F) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) monomers were synthesized via direct arylation polycondensation using Fagnou conditions which involved palladium acetate as catalyst (a gradual catalyst addition of three different percentages were used), potassium carbonate as the base, and neodecanoic acid in N, N-dimethylacetamide. This synthesis provides a low cost compared with traditional methods of transition-metal-catalyzed polymerization. Among the different amounts of catalyst used in the present work, 12% was optimal because it gave the highest reaction yield (81.5%) and one of the highest molecular weights (Mn = 13.8 KDa). Copolymers’ chemical structures, molecular weight distributions, and optical and thermal properties were analyzed. The linear optical properties of PFDPP copolymers resulted very similarly independently to the catalyst amounts used in the synthesis of the PFDPP copolymers: two absorptions bands distinctive of donor–acceptor copolymers, Stokes shifts of 41 nm, a good quantum yield of fluorescence around 47%, and an optical bandgap of 1.7 eV were determined. Electronic nonlinearities were observed in these copolymers with a relatively high two-photon absorption cross-section of 621 GM at 950 nm. The dynamics of excited states and aggregation effects were studied in solutions, nanoparticles, and films of PFDPP. Theoretical calculations modeled the ground-state structures of the (PFDPP)n copolymers with n = 1 to 4 units, determining the charge distribution by the electrostatic potential and modeling the absorption spectra determining the orbital transitions responsible for the experimentally observed leading bands. Experimental and theoretical structure–properties analysis of these donor–acceptor copolymers allowed finding their best synthesis conditions to use them in optoelectronic applications.
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15
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Megahd H, Lova P, Sardar S, D’Andrea C, Lanfranchi A, Koszarna B, Patrini M, Gryko DT, Comoretto D. All-Polymer Microcavities for the Fluorescence Radiative Rate Modification of a Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivative. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15499-15506. [PMID: 35571840 PMCID: PMC9096937 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the radiative rate of emitters with macromolecular photonic structures promises flexible devices with enhanced performances that are easy to scale up. For instance, radiative rate enhancement empowers low-threshold lasers, while rate suppression affects recombination in photovoltaic and photochemical processes. However, claims of the Purcell effect with polymer structures are controversial, as the low dielectric contrast typical of suitable polymers is commonly not enough to provide the necessary confinement. Here we show all-polymer planar microcavities with photonic band gaps tuned to the photoluminescence of a diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative, which allows a change in the fluorescence lifetime. Radiative and nonradiative rates were disentangled systematically by measuring the external quantum efficiencies and comparing the planar microcavities with a series of references designed to exclude any extrinsic effects. For the first time, this analysis shows unambiguously the dye radiative emission rate variations obtained with macromolecular dielectric mirrors. When different waveguides, chemical environments, and effective refractive index effects in the structure were accounted for, the change in the radiative lifetime was assigned to the Purcell effect. This was possible through the exploitation of photonic structures made of polyvinylcarbazole as a high-index material and the perfluorinated Aquivion as a low-index one, which produced the largest dielectric contrast ever obtained in planar polymer cavities. This characteristic induces the high confinement of the radiation electric field within the cavity layer, causing a record intensity enhancement and steering the radiative rate. Current limits and requirements to achieve the full control of radiative rates with polymer planar microcavities are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Megahd
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Lova
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Samim Sardar
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology at PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology at PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli 70, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonrado da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Lanfranchi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maddalena Patrini
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Davide Comoretto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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16
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Fusco S, Barra M, Gontrani L, Bonomo M, Chianese F, Galliano S, Centore R, Cassinese A, Carbone M, Carella A. Novel Thienyl DPP derivatives Functionalized with Terminal Electron-Acceptor Groups: Synthesis, Optical Properties and OFET Performance. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104552. [PMID: 35244293 PMCID: PMC9314809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based small molecules have been synthesized and characterized in terms of their chemical-physical, electrochemical and electrical properties. All the molecules consist of a central DPP electron acceptor core symmetrically functionalized with donor bi-thienyl moieties and flanked in the terminal positions by three different auxiliary electron-acceptor groups. This kind of molecular structure, characterized by an alternation of electron acceptor and donor groups, was purposely designed to provide a significant absorption at the longer wavelengths of the visible spectrum: when analysed as thin films, in fact, the dyes absorb well over 800 nm and exhibit a narrow optical bandgap down to 1.28 eV. A detailed DFT analysis provides useful information on the electronic structure of the dyes and on the features of the main optical transitions. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have been fabricated by depositing the DPP dyes as active layers from solution: the different end-functionalization of the dyes had an effect on the charge-transport properties with two of the dyes acting as n-type semiconductors (electron mobility up to 4.4 ⋅ 10-2 cm2 /V ⋅ s) and the third one as a p-type semiconductor (hole mobility up to 2.3 ⋅ 10-3 cm2 /V ⋅ s). Interestingly, well-balanced ambipolar transistors were achieved by blending the most performant n-type and p-type dyes with hole and electron mobility in the order of 10-3 cm2 /V ⋅ s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fusco
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'AngeloVia Cintia 2180126NapoliItaly
| | - Mario Barra
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini” CNR-SPINP.le Tecchio, 8080125NapoliItaly
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità di Roma “La Sapienza”Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità di Roma “Tor Vergata”Via della ricerca scientifica 100133RomaItaly
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità di Roma “La Sapienza”Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomaItaly
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 710125TorinoItaly
| | - Federico Chianese
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini” CNR-SPINP.le Tecchio, 8080125NapoliItaly
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II' P.le Tecchio, 8080125NapoliItaly
| | - Simone Galliano
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 710125TorinoItaly
| | - Roberto Centore
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'AngeloVia Cintia 2180126NapoliItaly
| | - Antonio Cassinese
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini” CNR-SPINP.le Tecchio, 8080125NapoliItaly
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II' P.le Tecchio, 8080125NapoliItaly
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità di Roma “Tor Vergata”Via della ricerca scientifica 100133RomaItaly
| | - Antonio Carella
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'AngeloVia Cintia 2180126NapoliItaly
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17
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18
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Cheon HJ, An TK, Kim YH. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Polymers and Their Organic Field-Effect Transistor Applications: A Review. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Comparative study of the optoelectronic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole based polymers obtained by direct C-H arylation. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Singh D, Marrocco A, Wohlleben W, Park HR, Diwadkar AR, Himes BE, Lu Q, Christiani DC, Demokritou P. Release of particulate matter from nano-enabled building materials (NEBMs) across their lifecycle: Potential occupational health and safety implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126771. [PMID: 34391975 PMCID: PMC8595827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates potential nanomaterial releases and occupational health risks across the lifecycle of nano-enabled building materials (NEBMs), namely, insulations and coatings. We utilized real-world degradation scenarios of a) sanding (mechanical), b) incineration (thermal), and c) accelerated UV-aging (environmental) followed by incineration. Extensive physicochemical characterization of the released lifecycle particulate matter (LCPM) was performed. The LCPM2.5 aerosol size fraction was used to assess the acute biological, cytotoxic and inflammatory effects on Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells. RNA-Seq analysis of exposed cells was performed to assess potential for systemic disease. Findings indicated that release dynamics and characteristics of LCPM depended on both the NEBM composition and the degradation scenario(s). Incineration emitted a much higher nanoparticle number concentration than sanding (nearly 4 orders of magnitude), which did not change with prior UV-aging. Released nanofillers during sanding were largely part of the matrix fragments, whereas those during incineration were likely physicochemically transformed. The LCPM from incineration showed higher bioactivity and inflammogenicity compared to sanding or sequential UV-aging and incineration, and more so when metallic nanofillers were present (such as Fe2O3). Overall, the study highlights the need for considering real-world exposure and toxicological data across the NEBM lifecycle to perform adequate risk assessments and to ensure workplace health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonella Marrocco
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hae-Ryung Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Avantika R Diwadkar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Quan Lu
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Carr CR, Koenig JDB, Grant MJ, Piers WE, Welch GC. Boosting CO 2-to-CO evolution using a bimetallic diketopyrrolopyrrole tethered rhenium bipyridine catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01453j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of homogeneous electro- and photo-catalysis involving molecular catalysts offers valuable insight into reaction mechanisms as it relates to the structure–function of these tunable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R. Carr
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Josh D. B. Koenig
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael J. Grant
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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22
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Shaikh SA, Birajdar SS, Ambore SD, Puyad AL, Vijayanand P, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. A minireview on diketopyrrolopyrrole chemistry: Historical perspective and recent developments. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Cigánek M, Richtár J, Weiter M, Krajčovič J. Organic π‐Conjugated Molecules: From Nature to Artificial Applications. Where are the Boundaries? Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cigánek
- Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Materials Research Centre Purkyňova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Richtár
- Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Materials Research Centre Purkyňova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weiter
- Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Materials Research Centre Purkyňova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Krajčovič
- Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Materials Research Centre Purkyňova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
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24
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Lu H, Li X, Lei Q. Conjugated Conductive Polymer Materials and its Applications: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:732132. [PMID: 34552913 PMCID: PMC8450318 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.732132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery 50 years ago, conjugated conducting polymers have received increasing attention owing to their unique conductive properties and potential applications in energy storage, sensors, coatings, and electronic devices such as organic field-effect transistors, photovoltaic cells, and light-emitting devices. Recently, these materials have played a key role in providing a more comfortable environment for humans. Consequently, the development of novel, high-performance conjugated conductive materials is crucial. In this mini-review, the progress of conjugated conductive materials in various applications and the relationship between the chemical structures and their performances is reviewed. This can aid in the molecular design and development of novel high-performance conjugated polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Lu
- College of Economics and Management, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xunlai Li
- College of Economics and Management, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingquan Lei
- Institute of Advanced Electrical Materials, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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25
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Shi X, Bao W. Hydrogen-Bonded Conjugated Materials and Their Application in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2021; 9:723718. [PMID: 34504833 PMCID: PMC8421522 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.723718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on organic semiconductors has revealed that the composition of the constituent organic material, as well as the subtle changes in its structure (the stacking order of molecules), can noticeably affect its bulk properties. One of the reasons for this is that the charge transport in conjugated materials is strongly affected by their structure. Further, the charge mobility increases significantly when the conjugated materials exhibit self-assembly, resulting in the formation of ordered structures. However, well-organized nanostructures are difficult to obtain using classical solution processing methods, owing to their disordered state. A simple strategy for obtaining well-ordered material films involves synthesizing new conjugated materials that can self-organize. Introducing hydrogen bonding in the materials to yield hydrogen-bonded material superstructures can be a suitable method to fulfill these critical requirements. The formed hydrogen bonds will facilitate the assembly of the molecules into a highly ordered structure and bridge the distance between the adjacent molecules, thus enhancing the intermolecular charge transfer. In this minireview, hydrogen-bonded small molecules and polymers as well as the relationship between their chemical structures and performances in organic field-effect transistors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
| | - Weiwei Bao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
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26
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Bogdanov AV, Mironov VF. Recent advances in the application of isoindigo derivatives in materials chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1533-1564. [PMID: 34290836 PMCID: PMC8275870 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the data on the application of isoindigo derivatives in the chemistry of functional materials are analyzed and summarized. These bisheterocycles can be used in the creation of organic solar cells, sensors, lithium ion batteries as well as in OFET and OLED technologies. The potentials of the use of polymer structures based on isoindigo as photoactive component in the photoelectrochemical reduction of water, as matrix for MALDI spectrometry and in photothermal cancer therapy are also shown. Data published over the past 5 years, including works published at the beginning of 2021, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Bogdanov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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27
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End-capped engineering of bipolar diketopyrrolopyrrole based small electron acceptor molecules for high performance organic solar cells. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Levine AM, He G, Bu G, Ramos P, Wu F, Soliman A, Serrano J, Pietraru D, Chan C, Batteas JD, Kowalczyk M, Jang SJ, Nannenga BL, Sfeir MY, Tsai EHR, Braunschweig AB. Efficient Free Triplet Generation Follows Singlet Fission in Diketo-pyrrolopyrrole Polymorphs with Goldilocks Coupling. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:12207-12213. [PMID: 34868444 PMCID: PMC8641251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcrystal electron diffraction, grazing incidence wide-angle scattering, and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to determine the unit cell structure and the relative composition of dimethylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (MeDPP) H- and J-polymorphs within thin films subjected to vapor solvent annealing (VSA) for different times. Electronic structure and excited state deactivation pathways of the different polymorphs were examined by transient absorption spectroscopy, conductive probe atomic force microscopy, and molecular modeling. We find VSA initially converts amorphous films into mixtures of H- and J-polymorphs and promotes further conversion from H to J with longer VSA times. Though both polymorphs exhibit efficient SF to form coupled triplets, free triplet yields are higher in J-polymorph films compared to mixed films because coupling in J-aggregates is lower, and, in turn, more favorable for triplet decoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Levine
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Guiying He
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Guanhong Bu
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, United States
| | - Fanglue Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Aisha Soliman
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline Serrano
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dorian Pietraru
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Chan
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - James D. Batteas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Marta Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, United States
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11101, USA
| | - Seogjoo J. Jang
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, United States
| | - Brent L. Nannenga
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Esther H. R. Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Zou X, Cui S, Li J, Wei X, Zheng M. Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Organic Semiconductor Materials for Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2021; 9:671294. [PMID: 33937206 PMCID: PMC8080442 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.671294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, organic conjugated materials as semiconductors in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted more and more attention from the scientific community due to their intriguing properties of mechanical flexibility and solution processability. However, the device fabrication technique, design, and synthesis of novel organic semiconductor materials with high charge carrier mobility is crucial for the development of high-performance OFETs. In the past few years, more and more novel materials were designed and tested in the OFETs. Among which, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives, as the electron acceptors to build donor-acceptor (D-A) typed materials, are the perspective. In this article, recently reported molecules regarding the DPP and its derivatives for OFETs application are reviewed. In addition, the relationship between the chemical structures and the performance of the device are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook of DPP-based materials in OFETs with a future design concept and the development trend are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
| | - Shuaiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- Qingdao Haiwan Science and Technology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Xueling Wei
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Haiwan Science and Technology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
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Li R, Dai Z, Zheng M, Wang C, Deng Z, Zhuang T, Feng K, Yang W, Yang K, Zhang H. Benzo/Naphthodifuranone-Based Polymers: Effect of Perpendicular-Extended Main Chain π-Conjugation on Organic Field-Effect Transistor Performances. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000703. [PMID: 33543518 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For polymer semiconductors, the backbone structure plays an essential role in determining their physicochemical properties and charge transport behaviors. In this work, two donor-acceptor-type polymers (P-BDF and P-NDF) based on benzodifuranone (BDF) and naphthodifunarone (NDF) as electron-deficient moieties and indaceno-dithiophene as electron-rich groups are designed, synthesized and, for the first time, applied in organic field-effect transistor. P-BDF and P-NDF differ from their backbone structures while P-BDF has a more planar backbone conformation due to its smaller conjugated core size and P-NDF features a perpendicular-extended main chain structure. As a result, P-BDF polymer exhibits bathochromic optical absorption, deeper molecular orbital energy levels, and more importantly, closer π-stacking and stronger aggregation in the solid state and thus affords a more promising hole mobility of up to 0.85 cm2 V-1 s-1 in OFET devices, while that of the P-NDF-based devices is only 0.55 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The results suggest the great potential of BDF/NDF-type chromophores in constructing novel organic semiconductors and also indicate that the main chain coplanarity of polymer semiconductors is more essential than the sole extension of π-conjugations (especially at the perpendicular direction of polymer main chains) for the design of high-performance OFET materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China.,Qingdao Haiwan Science and Technology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 27 Banghai South Road Shibei District, Qingdao, 266031, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Kui Feng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
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Luo N, Zhang G, Liu Z. Keep glowing and going: recent progress in diketopyrrolopyrrole synthesis towards organic optoelectronic materials. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the syntheses of DPP derivatives is summarized as well as the structure–property relationships of the derivatives, including the syntheses of DPP cores, N-functionalization reactions, and π-extensions on and along the DPP cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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32
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Pereira TO, Warzecha M, Andrade LHC, Silva JR, Baesso ML, McHugh CJ, Calvo-Castro J, Lima SM. True absolute determination of photoluminescence quantum yields by coupling multiwavelength thermal lens and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25156-25164. [PMID: 33124629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03794j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoluminescence quantum yields denote a critical variable to characterise a fluorophore and its potential performance. Their determination, by means of methodologies employing reference standard materials, inevitably leads to large uncertainties. In response to this, herein we report for the first time an innovative and elegant methodology, whereby the use of neat solvent/reference material required by thermal lens approaches is eliminated by coupling it to photoluminescence spectroscopy, allowing for the discrimination between materials with similar photoluminescence quantum yields. To achieve this, both radiative and non-radiative transitions are simultaneously measured using a photoluminescence spectrometer coupled to a multiwavelength thermal lens spectroscopy setup in a mode-mismatched dual-beam configuration, respectively. The absorption factor independent ratio of the thermal lens and photoluminescence signals can then be used to determine the fluorescence quantum yield both accurately and precisely. We validated our reported method using rhodamine 6G and further applied it to three novel structurally related diketopyrrolopyrrole based materials, which, in contrast to results obtained by other methods, unveiled significant differences in their photoluminescence quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane O Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais-PGRN, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais-CERNA, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul-UEMS, 351, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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