1
|
Farka Z, Brandmeier JC, Mickert MJ, Pastucha M, Lacina K, Skládal P, Soukka T, Gorris HH. Nanoparticle-Based Bioaffinity Assays: From the Research Laboratory to the Market. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307653. [PMID: 38039956 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of new biorecognition elements, nanoparticle-based labels as well as instrumentation have inspired the design of new bioaffinity assays. This review critically discusses the potential of nanoparticles to replace current enzymatic or molecular labels in immunoassays and other bioaffinity assays. Successful implementations of nanoparticles in commercial assays and the need for rapid tests incorporating nanoparticles in different roles such as capture support, signal generation elements, and signal amplification systems are highlighted. The limited number of nanoparticles applied in current commercial assays can be explained by challenges associated with the analysis of real samples (e.g., blood, urine, or nasal swabs) that are difficult to resolve, particularly if the same performance can be achieved more easily by conventional labels. Lateral flow assays that are based on the visual detection of the red-colored line formed by colloidal gold are a notable exception, exemplified by SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests that have moved from initial laboratory testing to widespread market adaption in less than two years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Matěj Pastucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- TestLine Clinical Diagnostics, Křižíkova 188, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sypabekova M, Hagemann A, Kleiss J, Morlan C, Kim S. Optimizing an Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor for Enhanced Sensitivity. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2023; 23:25911-25918. [PMID: 38784847 PMCID: PMC11115385 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3317678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of biosensor technology has revolutionized healthcare, offering improved sensitivity, specificity, and portability. We have developed an optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) as a promising solution due to its label-free detection, high sensitivity, real-time monitoring, multiplexing capability, and versatility. The OCB consists of an optical cavity structure (OCS), optical components, and a low-cost camera. The OCS is created by two partially reflective surfaces separated by a small gap, where the interaction between target analytes and immobilized receptors leads to a shift in the resonance transmission spectrum, caused by minute changes in the local refractive index (RI). In our previous work, we successfully detected these small changes with a simple OCS and cost-effective components using a differential detection method. Building upon these achievements, this study focuses on optimizing the OCS, improving the camera settings, and enhancing the differential detection approach. By increasing the reflectance of the surfaces and optimizing the optical cavity widths correspondingly, we achieved an improved limit of detection (LOD). We also investigated how the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera shutter time affects the LOD. Additionally, we introduced a new differential equation to further enhance the sensitivity of our system. Through these advancements, we could improve the LOD of the OCB by 7.2 times, specifically for an OCS with a cavity thickness of 9.881 μm and a silver thickness of 46.87 nm. These findings not only contribute to the ongoing effort of optimizing the OCB, but also pave the way for the development of advanced point-of-care biosensors with enhanced detection capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzhan Sypabekova
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Aidan Hagemann
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Jenna Kleiss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Cooper Morlan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lokesh Kumar S, Kumar S, Tetala KKR. A manganese dioxide nanoparticle-bimetallic metal organic framework composite for selective and sensitive detection of vitamin D 3 in human plasma. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:345. [PMID: 37542579 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
For the first time a metal organic framework nanomaterial has been developed comprising manganese dioxide nanoparticle and iron and zinc metal ions interlinked with each other via terephthalic acid. The framework shape was identified as an elongated hexagonal nanorod (TEM) with varying functional groups (FT-IR) and diffraction patterns (XRD). The framework nanocomposite as such in aqueous acidic electrolyte solution has displayed an excellent conductivity (redox behavior) and surface excess (3.08 × 10-8 cm-2). Under the optimized conditions (0.1 M H2SO4 as electrolyte, 50 mV/s scan rate, +1.26 V (vs Ag/AgCl)), the metal organic framework coated electrode has selectively identified vitamin D3 (VD3) in the presence of various other interfering molecules and displayed excellent limit of detection (1.9 ng mL-1). The developed sensor has been applied to the determination of VD3 in extracted human plasma samples (RSD of 0.3-2.6 % and recovery of 96-102 %), and the obtained VD3 values are similar to HPLC-UV method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lokesh Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamilnadu, 632014, Vellore, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamilnadu, 632014, Vellore, India
| | - Kishore K R Tetala
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamilnadu, 632014, Vellore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gupta AK, Krasnoslobodtsev AV. DNA-Templated Silver Nanoclusters as Dual-Mode Sensitive Probes for Self-Powered Biosensor Fueled by Glucose. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1299. [PMID: 37110883 PMCID: PMC10145323 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively explored in developing sensors due to their unique properties, contributing to the development of reliable sensor designs with improved sensitivity and specificity. Herein, we propose the construction of a fluorescent/electrochemical dual-mode self-powered biosensor for advanced biosensing using DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs@DNA). AgNC@DNA, due to its small size, exhibits advantageous characteristics as an optical probe. We investigated the sensing efficacy of AgNCs@DNA as a fluorescent probe for glucose detection. Fluorescence emitted by AgNCs@DNA served as the readout signal as a response to more H2O2 being generated by glucose oxidase for increasing glucose levels. The second readout signal of this dual-mode biosensor was utilized via the electrochemical route, where AgNCs served as charge mediators between the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme and carbon working electrode during the oxidation process of glucose catalyzed by GOx. The developed biosensor features low-level limits of detection (LODs), ~23 μM for optical and ~29 μM for electrochemical readout, which are much lower than the typical glucose concentrations found in body fluids, including blood, urine, tears, and sweat. The low LODs, simultaneous utilization of different readout strategies, and self-powered design demonstrated in this study open new prospects for developing next-generation biosensor devices.
Collapse
|
5
|
Thwala LN, Ndlovu SC, Mpofu KT, Lugongolo MY, Mthunzi-Kufa P. Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostics for Diseases Prevalent in Developing Countries: Current Advances in Point-of-Care Tests. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1247. [PMID: 37049340 PMCID: PMC10096522 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of point-of-care testing (POCT) has revolutionized medical testing by allowing for simple tests to be conducted near the patient's care point, rather than being confined to a medical laboratory. This has been especially beneficial for developing countries with limited infrastructure, where testing often involves sending specimens off-site and waiting for hours or days for results. However, the development of POCT devices has been challenging, with simplicity, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness being key factors in making these tests feasible. Nanotechnology has played a crucial role in achieving this goal, by not only making the tests possible but also masking their complexity. In this article, recent developments in POCT devices that benefit from nanotechnology are discussed. Microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies are highlighted as major drivers of point-of-care testing, particularly in infectious disease diagnosis. These technologies enable various bioassays to be used at the point of care. The article also addresses the challenges faced by these technological advances and interesting future trends. The benefits of point-of-care testing are significant, especially in developing countries where medical care is shifting towards prevention, early detection, and managing chronic conditions. Infectious disease tests at the point of care in low-income countries can lead to prompt treatment, preventing infections from spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lungile Nomcebo Thwala
- National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Sphumelele Colin Ndlovu
- National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Kelvin Tafadzwa Mpofu
- National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Masixole Yvonne Lugongolo
- National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Patience Mthunzi-Kufa
- National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 3630, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gong Z, Huang Y, Hu X, Zhang J, Chen Q, Chen H. Recent Progress in Electrochemical Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides and Mycotoxins in Foods. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:140. [PMID: 36671974 PMCID: PMC9856537 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide and mycotoxin residues in food are concerning as they are harmful to human health. Traditional methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for such detection lack sensitivity and operation convenience. Efficient, accurate detection approaches are needed. With the recent development of nanotechnology, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials have shown solid ability to detect trace pesticides and mycotoxins quickly and accurately. In this review, English articles about electrochemical biosensors in the past 11 years (2011-2022) were collected from PubMed database, and various nanomaterials are discussed, including noble metal nanomaterials, magnetic metal nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes, as well as graphene and its derivatives. Three main roles of such nanomaterials in the detection process are summarized, including biomolecule immobilization, signal generation, and signal amplification. The detection targets involve two types of pesticides (organophosphorus and carbamate) and six types of mycotoxins (aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin, ochratoxin A, and patulin). Although significant achievements have been made in the evolution of electrochemical nano-biosensors, many challenges remain to be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Gong
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yueming Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xianjing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qilei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Madhu S, Ramasamy S, Choi J. Recent Developments in Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121488. [PMID: 36558939 PMCID: PMC9786047 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools for detecting infectious diseases caused by destructive pathogens plays an important role in clinical and environmental monitoring. Nevertheless, evolving complex and inconsistent antibiotic-resistant species mire their drug efficacy. In this regard, substantial effort has been expended to develop electrochemical sensors, which have gained significant interest for advancing POC testing with rapid and accurate detection of resistant bacteria at a low cost compared to conventional phenotype methods. This review concentrates on the recent developments in electrochemical sensing techniques that have been applied to assess the diverse latent antibiotic resistances of pathogenic bacteria. It deliberates the prominence of biorecognition probes and tailor-made nanomaterials used in electrochemical antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). In addition, the bimodal functional efficacy of nanomaterials that can serve as potential transducer electrodes and the antimicrobial agent was investigated to meet the current requirements in designing sensor module development. In the final section, we discuss the challenges with contemporary AST sensor techniques and extend the key ideas to meet the demands of the next POC electrochemical sensors and antibiotic design modules in the healthcare sector.
Collapse
|
8
|
Thapa S, Singh KRB, Verma R, Singh J, Singh RP. State-of-the-Art Smart and Intelligent Nanobiosensors for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:637. [PMID: 36005033 PMCID: PMC9405813 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus appeared to be a milder infection initially, but the unexpected outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly called COVID-19, was transmitted all over the world in late 2019 and caused a pandemic. Human health has been disastrously affected by SARS-CoV-2, which is still evolving and causing more serious concerns, leading to the innumerable loss of lives. Thus, this review provides an outline of SARS-CoV-2, of the traditional tools to diagnose SARS-CoV-2, and of the role of emerging nanomaterials with unique properties for fabricating biosensor devices to diagnose SARS-CoV-2. Smart and intelligent nanomaterial-enabled biosensors (nanobiosensors) have already proven their utility for the diagnosis of several viral infections, as various detection strategies based on nanobiosensor devices are already present, and several other methods are also being investigated by researchers for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 disease; however, considerably more is undetermined and yet to be explored. Hence, this review highlights the utility of various nanobiosensor devices for SARS-CoV-2 determination. Further, it also emphasizes the future outlook of nanobiosensing technologies for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kshitij RB Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Verma
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sivanathan PC, Ooi KS, Mohammad Haniff MAS, Ahmadipour M, Dee CF, Mokhtar NM, Hamzah AA, Chang EY. Lifting the Veil: Characteristics, Clinical Significance, and Application of β-2-Microglobulin as Biomarkers and Its Detection with Biosensors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3142-3161. [PMID: 35848712 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Because β-2-microglobulin (β2M) is a surface protein that is present on most nucleated cells, it plays a key role in the human immune system and the kidney glomeruli to regulate homeostasis. The primary clinical significance of β2M is in dialysis-related amyloidosis, a complication of end-stage renal disease caused by a gradual accumulation of β2M in the blood. Therefore, the function of β2M in kidney-related diseases has been extensively studied to evaluate its glomerular and tubular functions. Because increased β2M shedding due to rapid cell turnover may indicate other underlying medical conditions, the possibility to use β2M as a versatile biomarker rose in prominence across multiple disciplines for various applications. Therefore, this work has reviewed the recent use of β2M to detect various diseases and its progress as a biomarker. While the use of state-of-the-art β2M detection requires sophisticated tools, high maintenance, and labor cost, this work also has reported the use of biosensor to quantify β2M over the past decade. It is hoped that a portable and highly efficient β2M biosensor device will soon be incorporated in point-of-care testing to provide safe, rapid, and reliable test results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P C Sivanathan
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kai Shen Ooi
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.,Department of Paediatrics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohsen Ahmadipour
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Chang Fu Dee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Edward Y Chang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sainz R, Pozo MD, Vázquez L, Vilas-Varela M, Castro-Esteban J, Blanco E, Petit-Domínguez MD, Quintana C, Casero E. Lactate biosensing based on covalent immobilization of lactate oxidase onto chevron-like graphene nanoribbons via diazotization-coupling reaction. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
11
|
Abstract
Unique pneumonia due to an unknown source emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared this condition as a new coronavirus disease-19 also known as COVID-19 on February 11, 2020, which on March 13, 2020 was declared as a pandemic. The virus that causes COVID-19 was found to have a similar genome (80% similarity) with the previously known acute respiratory syndrome also known as SARS-CoV. The novel virus was later named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 falls in the family of Coronaviridae which is further divided into Nidovirales and another subfamily called Orthocoronavirinae. The four generations of the coronaviruses belongs to the Orthocoronavirinae family that consists of alpha, beta, gamma and delta coronavirus which are denoted as α-CoV, β-CoV, γ-CoV, δ-CoV respectively. The α-CoV and β-CoVs are mainly known to infect mammals whereas γ-CoV and δ-CoV are generally found in birds. The β-CoVs also comprise of SARS-CoV and also include another virus that was found in the Middle East called the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV) and the cause of current pandemic SARS-CoV-2. These viruses initially cause the development of pneumonia in the patients and further development of a severe case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other related symptoms that can be fatal leading to death.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan T, Zhang G, Chai H, Qu L, Zhang X. Flexible Biosensors Based on Colorimetry, Fluorescence, and Electrochemistry for Point-of-Care Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:753692. [PMID: 34650963 PMCID: PMC8505690 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.753692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the outbreak and pandemic of COVID-19, point-of-care testing (POCT) systems have been attracted much attention due to their significant advantages of small batches of samples, user-friendliness, easy-to-use and simple detection. Among them, flexible biosensors show practical significance as their outstanding properties in terms of flexibility, portability, and high efficiency, which provide great convenience for users. To construct highly functional flexible biosensors, abundant kinds of polymers substrates have been modified with sufficient properties to address certain needs. Paper-based biosensors gain considerable attention as well, owing to their foldability, lightweight and adaptability. The other important flexible biosensor employs textiles as substrate materials, which has a promising prospect in the area of intelligent wearable devices. In this feature article, we performed a comprehensive review about the applications of flexible biosensors based on the classification of substrate materials (polymers, paper and textiles), and illustrated the strategies to design effective and artificial sensing platforms, including colorimetry, fluorescence, and electrochemistry. It is demonstrated that flexible biosensors play a prominent role in medical diagnosis, prognosis, and healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao, China
| | - Huining Chai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Napione L. Integrated Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies in Lateral Flow Tests for Personalized Medicine Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2362. [PMID: 34578678 PMCID: PMC8465858 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of personalized medicine is to target the right treatments to the right patients at the right time. Patients with a variety of cancers and other complex diseases are regularly tested as part of patient care, enabling physicians to personalize patient monitoring and treatment. Among the sought-after diagnostic tools, there is an increasing interest and need for those based on a low-cost, easy, rapid, and accurate method for the detection of specific circulating biomarkers above a detection threshold. Lateral flow tests (LFTs), enhanced by nanotechnology, can fulfil these requirements, providing a significant support to personalized patient monitoring. In this review, after a short historical synopsis of membrane-based lateral flow assays, including a description of a typical configuration of a LFT strip, a careful collection is presented of the best characterized nanotechnology approaches previously reported for the enhancement of target detection performance. The attempt is to offer an overview of currently integrated nanotechnologies in LFTs, fostering the actual future development of advantageous diagnostic devices for patient monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Napione
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|