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Mimansa, Zafar MA, Verma DK, Das R, Agrewala JN, Shanavas A. Shielding against breast tumor relapse with an autologous chemo-photo-immune active Nano-Micro-Sera based fibrin implant. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14006-14019. [PMID: 38989622 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Local recurrence post-surgery in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer is a major challenge. To control the regrowth of a residual tumor, we have developed an autologous therapeutic hybrid fibrin glue for intra-operative implantation. Using autologous serum proteins as stabilizers, we have optimized high drug-loaded lapatinib-NanoSera (Lap-NS; ∼66% L.C.) and imiquimod-MicroSera (IMQ-MS; ∼92% L.C). Additionally, plasmonic nanosera (PNS) with an ∼67% photothermal conversion efficiency under 980 nm laser irradiation was also developed. While localized monotherapy with either Lap-NS or PNS reduced the tumor regrowth rate, their combination with IMQ-MS amplified the effect of immunogenic cell death with a high level of tumor infiltration by immune cells at the surgical site. The localized combination immunotherapy with a Nano-MicroSera based hybrid fibrin implant showed superior tumor inhibition and survival with significant promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimansa
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine (ION) Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Mohammad Adeel Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Verma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bilaspur, Changar Palasiyan, Noa, Himachal Pradesh, 174001, India
| | - Reena Das
- Department of Haematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Javed Naim Agrewala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Asifkhan Shanavas
- Inorganic & Organic Nanomedicine (ION) Lab, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Dezfuli AAZ, Abu-Elghait M, Salem SS. Recent Insights into Nanotechnology in Colorectal Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4457-4471. [PMID: 37751009 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cancer among the known causes of cancer that impact people. Although CRC drug options are imperfect, primary detection of CRC can play a key role in treating the disease and reducing mortality. Cancer tissues show many molecular markers that can be used as a new way to advance therapeutic methods. Nanotechnology includes a wide range of nanomaterials with high diagnostic and therapeutic power. Several nanomaterials and nanoformulations can be used to treat cancer, especially CRC. In this review, we discuss recent insights into nanotechnology in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammed Abu-Elghait
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem S Salem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Djajawi TM, Wichmann J, Vervoort SJ, Kearney CJ. Tumor immune evasion: insights from CRISPR screens and future directions. FEBS J 2024; 291:1386-1399. [PMID: 37971319 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapies across a variety of cancer types, many patients do not respond or ultimately relapse; however, the molecular underpinnings of this are not fully understood. Thus, a system-level understating of the routes to tumor immune evasion is required to inform the design of the next generation of immunotherapy approaches. CRISPR screening approaches have proved extremely powerful in identifying genes that promote tumor immune evasion or sensitize tumor cells to destruction by the immune system. These large-scale efforts have brought to light decades worth of fundamental immunology and have uncovered the key immune-evasion pathways subverted in cancers in an acquired manner in patients receiving immune-modulatory therapies. The comprehensive discovery of the main pathways involved in immune evasion has spurred the development and application of novel immune therapies to target this process. Although successful, conventional CRISPR screening approaches are hampered by a number of limitations, which obfuscate a complete understanding of the precise molecular regulation of immune evasion in cancer. Here, we provide a perspective on screening approaches to interrogate tumor-lymphocyte interactions and their limitations, and discuss further development of technologies to improve such approaches and discovery capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirta Mario Djajawi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Johannes Wichmann
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Conor J Kearney
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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4
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da Silva EF, Matsubara MDGS, Soares MADL, Mazzaia MC, De Domenico EBL. Communication between parents diagnosed with cancer and their children: study with data triangulation. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2024; 57:e20230079. [PMID: 38373186 PMCID: PMC10876183 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0079en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the perceptions and feelings of parents diagnosed with cancer in relation to communication with their children between 3 and 12 years old. METHOD A cross-sectional, multicenter, with data triangulation, through structured and semi-structured interviews, with a question with a Semantic Differential Scale, carried out with the father or mother with cancer undergoing outpatient treatment in two hospital institutions in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, content analysis, using the ATLAS.ti 8.0R software and the Social Representation Theory. RESULTS Forty-three respondents participated, 37 (86.0%) were female, 23 (53.5%) aged between 31 and 50 years old, 29 (67.5%) with only children between 7 and 12 years old. The experience was considered painful (73.1%), stressful (53.6%), clear (53.7%) and safe (51.2%). The feelings experienced generated two categories: Trial by fire; and Grateful rewards. Children's reactions from parents' perspective generated the categories: Sadness and suffering; Trust and support; Change of behavior; and Denial or insensitivity. CONCLUSION Communication was assessed as negative and conflicting, positive and welcoming, and causing changes in children's behaviors.
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5
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Basek A, Jakubiak GK, Cieślar G, Stanek A. Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5786. [PMID: 38136332 PMCID: PMC10742092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a major public health challenge. However, recent advances in research in cancer biology and immunity have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is now used on an everyday basis in cancer treatment in addition to surgical treatment, classical cytostatics, and radiotherapy. The efficacy of immunotherapy has promoted the great popularity of this treatment among patients, as well as significant research interest. The increasing number of patients being treated with immunotherapy not only reassures physicians of the efficacy of this technique but also shows the wide spectrum of side effects of this therapy, which has not been considered before. Immune-related adverse events may affect many systems and organs, such as digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, skin, or endocrine organs. Most complications have a mild or moderate course, but there are life-threatening manifestations that are essential to be aware of because if they are not properly diagnosed and treated on time, they can have fatal consequences. The purpose of this paper was to present the results of a literature review on the current state of knowledge on life-threatening endocrine side effects (such as adrenal crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema crisis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and severe hypocalcaemia) of immune checkpoint inhibitors to provide information on symptoms, diagnostics, and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Basek
- Student Research Group, Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz K. Jakubiak
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (G.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (G.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (G.C.); (A.S.)
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Bujak J, Kłęk S, Balawejder M, Kociniak A, Wilkus K, Szatanek R, Orzeszko Z, Welanyk J, Torbicz G, Jęckowski M, Kucharczyk T, Wohadlo Ł, Borys M, Stadnik H, Wysocki M, Kayser M, Słomka ME, Kosmowska A, Horbacka K, Gach T, Markowska B, Kowalczyk T, Karoń J, Karczewski M, Szura M, Sanecka-Duin A, Blum A. Creating an Innovative Artificial Intelligence-Based Technology (TCRact) for Designing and Optimizing T Cell Receptors for Use in Cancer Immunotherapies: Protocol for an Observational Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e45872. [PMID: 37440307 PMCID: PMC10375398 DOI: 10.2196/45872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer continues to be the leading cause of mortality in high-income countries, necessitating the development of more precise and effective treatment modalities. Immunotherapy, specifically adoptive cell transfer of T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells (TCR-T therapy), has shown promise in engaging the immune system for cancer treatment. One of the biggest challenges in the development of TCR-T therapies is the proper prediction of the pairing between TCRs and peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLAs). Modern computational immunology, using artificial intelligence (AI)-based platforms, provides the means to optimize the speed and accuracy of TCR screening and discovery. OBJECTIVE This study proposes an observational clinical trial protocol to collect patient samples and generate a database of pHLA:TCR sequences to aid the development of an AI-based platform for efficient selection of specific TCRs. METHODS The multicenter observational study, involving 8 participating hospitals, aims to enroll patients diagnosed with stage II, III, or IV colorectal cancer adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Patient recruitment has recently been completed, with 100 participants enrolled. Primary tumor tissue and peripheral blood samples have been obtained, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been isolated and cryopreserved. Nucleic acid extraction (DNA and RNA) has been performed in 86 cases. Additionally, 57 samples underwent whole exome sequencing to determine the presence of somatic mutations and RNA sequencing for gene expression profiling. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may have a significant impact on the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. The comprehensive database of pHLA:TCR sequences generated through this observational clinical trial will facilitate the development of the AI-based platform for TCR selection. The results obtained thus far demonstrate successful patient recruitment and sample collection, laying the foundation for further analysis and the development of an innovative tool to expedite and enhance TCR selection for precision cancer treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04994093; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04994093. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/45872.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bujak
- Ardigen SA, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kłęk
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Cracow, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Zofia Orzeszko
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Brothers Hospitallers Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Welanyk
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Torbicz
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jęckowski
- Colon Cancer Unit, Department of Oncological Surgery, Voivodeship Multi-Specialist Center for Oncology and Traumatology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kucharczyk
- Holy Cross Cancer Center Clinic of Clinical Oncology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wohadlo
- Department of General Surgery, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Borys
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Honorata Stadnik
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Wysocki
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kayser
- General and Colorectal Surgery Department, J Struś Multispecialist Municipal Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Ewa Słomka
- Colon Cancer Unit, Department of Oncological Surgery, Voivodeship Multi-Specialist Center for Oncology and Traumatology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Kosmowska
- General and Colorectal Surgery Department, J Struś Multispecialist Municipal Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Horbacka
- General and Colorectal Surgery Department, J Struś Multispecialist Municipal Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gach
- Surgical Clinic Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Markowska
- Surgical Clinic Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of General Surgery, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jacek Karoń
- General and Colorectal Surgery Department, J Struś Multispecialist Municipal Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mirosław Szura
- Surgical Clinic Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Patrick B, Akhtar T, Kousar R, Huang CC, Li XG. Carbon Nanomaterials: Emerging Roles in Immuno-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076600. [PMID: 37047572 PMCID: PMC10095276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress in cancer treatment. However, only a subset of patients benefits from immunotherapy. Given their unique structure, composition, and interactions with the immune system, carbon nanomaterials have recently attracted tremendous interest in their roles as modulators of antitumor immunity. Here, we focused on the latest advances in the immunological effects of carbon nanomaterials. We also reviewed the current preclinical applications of these materials in cancer therapy. Finally, we discussed the challenges to be overcome before the full potential of carbon nanomaterials can be utilized in cancer therapies to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bbumba Patrick
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Tahira Akhtar
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Rubina Kousar
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Xing-Guo Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
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8
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Morajkar R, Fatrekar AP, Vernekar A. A Single-Atom Nanozyme Cascade for Selective Tumor-Microenvironment-Responsive Nanocatalytic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200585. [PMID: 36807875 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of cancers to resist existing therapeutic strategies has constantly led researchers to design next-generation therapeutics. Research on nanomedicine holds significant potential in developing newer cancer therapeutics. Nanozymes bearing the properties of enzymes can be promising anticancer agents due to their tunable enzyme-like properties. In one such approach, a biocompatible cobalt-single-atom nanozyme (Co-SAs@NC) bearing catalase and oxidase-like activities that function in cascade at the tumor microenvironment has been reported recently. The current highlight discusses this investigation to unveil Co-SAs@NC's mechanism in tumor cell apoptosis through in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmi Morajkar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Adarsh P Fatrekar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amit Vernekar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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9
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DNA Damage and Its Role in Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054741. [PMID: 36902170 PMCID: PMC10003233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a double-edged sword in cancer cells. On the one hand, DNA damage exacerbates gene mutation frequency and cancer risk. Mutations in key DNA repair genes, such as breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and/or breast cancer 2 (BRCA2), induce genomic instability and promote tumorigenesis. On the other hand, the induction of DNA damage using chemical reagents or radiation kills cancer cells effectively. Cancer-burdening mutations in key DNA repair-related genes imply relatively high sensitivity to chemotherapy or radiotherapy because of reduced DNA repair efficiency. Therefore, designing specific inhibitors targeting key enzymes in the DNA repair pathway is an effective way to induce synthetic lethality with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in cancer therapeutics. This study reviews the general pathways involved in DNA repair in cancer cells and the potential proteins that could be targeted for cancer therapeutics.
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10
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Mirza S, Penny C, Jain NK, Rawal RM. Curcumin mediated dendritic cell maturation by modulating cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal miRNA-146a. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S649-S657. [PMID: 38384034 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1286_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), being a main component of tumor microenvironment (TME), are known to modulate immune response through secretion of various growth hormones, exosomes carrying miRNAs and cytokines; their effect on dendritic cells (DCs) are yet to be elucidated. Thus, aim of this study was to assess the effect of miRNAs and cytokines released by lung-CAFs and to evaluate immunomodulatory potential of curcumin on DC maturation through modulating their TME. MATERIAL AND METHODS To check the effect of CAFs derived exosomes on DC maturation, we cultured imDCs in the presence of CAFs derived conditioned media (CAFs-CM) and characterized by the presence of maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86 and CTLA4 using qRT-PCR. Additionally, expression of miR-221, miR-222, miR-155, miR-142-3p and miR-146a was assessed to evaluate the role of epigenetic regulators on DC maturation. Likewise, cytokine profiling of CAFs-CM as well as CAFs-CM treated with curcumin was also conducted using ELISA. RESULTS Results revealed the generation of regulatory DCs which were characterized by decreased expression of maturation markers in the presence of CAFs-CM. In addition, such DCs showed higher expression of epigenetic regulator miR-146a which was positively correlated with increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and decreased expression of TNF-α (pro-inflammatory). Moreover, curcumin had the potential to convert regulatory DCs generated by CAFs into mDCs, which were characterized by high expression of co-stimulatory molecules, low expression of CTLA4, lower levels of immune suppressive cytokines production and lower levels of miR-146a. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings provide insight into understanding the immunomodulatory role of curcumin in targeting CAFs and modulating TME, thus enhancing antitumor immune response in DC based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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In-situ bio-assembled specific Au NCs-Aptamer-Pyro conjugates nanoprobe for tumor imaging and mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114763. [PMID: 36240628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion has emerged as a promising drug target for photodynamic therapy (PDT), due to its significant role in supporting life activities and being reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive. Herein, we establish a new strategy that in-situ bio-synthesized Au NCs combine with mitochondria-targeted aptamer-Pyro conjugates (ApPCs) for specific tumor imaging and PDT. The prepared ApPCs can serve as template for the in-situ bio-synthesis of Au NCs, thereby facilitating the generation of Au NCs-ApPCs assemblies in unique tumor microenvironment. Compared with highly negatively charged ApPCs, bio-synthesized nanoscale Au NCs-ApPCs assemblies are conducive to cell uptake, which consequently benefits the delivery of ApPCs. After dissociated from Au NCs-ApPCs, internalized ApPCs can selectively accumulate in mitochondria and generate excess ROS to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane upon irradiation, thus inducing efficient cell killing. In vitro assays demonstrated that the fluorescent Au NCs-ApPCs assemblies could be specifically produced in cancerous cells, indicating the specific tumor imaging ability, while intracellular ApPCs co-localized well with mitochondria. CCK-8 results revealed over 80% cell death after PDT. In vivo study showed that fluorescent Au NCs-ApPCs assemblies were exclusively generated in tumor and achieved long-term retention; tumor growth was significantly inhibited after 15-day PDT treatment. All these evidences suggest that in-situ bio-synthesized Au NCs-ApPCs assembly is a potent mitochondria-targeted nanoprobe to boost the PDT efficacy of cancers.
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12
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Kalaiselvan CR, Laha SS, Somvanshi SB, Tabish TA, Thorat ND, Sahu NK. Manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanostructures for cancer theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Youden B, Jiang R, Carrier AJ, Servos MR, Zhang X. A Nanomedicine Structure-Activity Framework for Research, Development, and Regulation of Future Cancer Therapies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17497-17551. [PMID: 36322785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite their clinical success in drug delivery applications, the potential of theranostic nanomedicines is hampered by mechanistic uncertainty and a lack of science-informed regulatory guidance. Both the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of nanoformulations are tightly controlled by the complex interplay of the nanoparticle's physicochemical properties and the individual patient/tumor biology; however, it can be difficult to correlate such information with observed outcomes. Additionally, as nanomedicine research attempts to gradually move away from large-scale animal testing, the need for computer-assisted solutions for evaluation will increase. Such models will depend on a clear understanding of structure-activity relationships. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the field of cancer nanomedicine and provides a knowledge framework and foundational interaction maps that can facilitate future research, assessments, and regulation. By forming three complementary maps profiling nanobio interactions and pathways at different levels of biological complexity, a clear picture of a nanoparticle's journey through the body and the therapeutic and adverse consequences of each potential interaction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Youden
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runqing Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 1G3, Canada
| | - Andrew J Carrier
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
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14
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Padinharayil H, Alappat RR, Joy LM, Anilkumar KV, Wilson CM, George A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A, Madhyastha H, Ramesh T, Sathiyamoorthi E, Lee J, Ganesan R. Advances in the Lung Cancer Immunotherapy Approaches. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1963. [PMID: 36423060 PMCID: PMC9693102 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in the comprehension of LC progression, risk, immunologic control, and treatment choices, it is still the primary cause of cancer-related death. LC cells possess a very low and heterogeneous antigenicity, which allows them to passively evade the anticancer defense of the immune system by educating cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), regulatory T cells (Treg), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Though ICIs are an important candidate in first-line therapy, consolidation therapy, adjuvant therapy, and other combination therapies involving traditional therapies, the need for new predictive immunotherapy biomarkers remains. Furthermore, ICI-induced resistance after an initial response makes it vital to seek and exploit new targets to benefit greatly from immunotherapy. As ICIs, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) are not ideal LC predictive markers, a multi-parameter analysis of the immune system considering tumor, stroma, and beyond can be the future-oriented predictive marker. The optimal patient selection with a proper adjuvant agent in immunotherapy approaches needs to be still revised. Here, we summarize advances in LC immunotherapy approaches with their clinical and preclinical trials considering cancer models and vaccines and the potential of employing immunology to predict immunotherapy effectiveness in cancer patients and address the viewpoints on future directions. We conclude that the field of lung cancer therapeutics can benefit from the use of combination strategies but with comprehension of their limitations and improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Reema Rose Alappat
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Liji Maria Joy
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Kavya V. Anilkumar
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Cornelia M. Wilson
- Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Sandwich CT13 9ND, UK
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
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15
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Dejanovic D, Specht L, Czyzewska D, Kiil Berthelsen A, Loft A. Response Evaluation Following Radiation Therapy With 18F-FDG PET/CT: Common Variants of Radiation-Induced Changes and Potential Pitfalls. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:681-706. [PMID: 35835618 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the cornerstones in cancer treatment and approximately half of all patients will receive some form of RT during the course of their cancer management. Response evaluation after RT and follow-up imaging with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can be complicated by RT-induced acute, chronic or consequential effects. There is a general consensus that 18F-FDG PET/CT for response evaluation should be delayed for 12 weeks after completing RT to minimize the risk of false-positive findings. Radiation-induced late side effects in normal tissue can take years to develop and eventually cause symptoms that on imaging can potentially mimic recurrent disease. Imaging findings in radiation induced injuries depend on the normal tissue included in the irradiated volume and the radiation therapy regime including the total dose delivered, dose per fraction and treatment schedule. The intent for radiation therapy should be taken in consideration when evaluating the response on imaging, that is palliative vs curative or neoadjuvant vs adjuvant RT. Imaging findings can further be distorted by altered anatomy and sequelae following surgery within the radiation field. An awareness of common PET/CT-induced changes/injuries is essential when interpreting 18F-FDG PET/CT as well as obtaining a complete medical history, as patients are occasionally scanned for an unrelated cause to previously RT treated malignancy. In addition, secondary malignancies due to carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure in long-term cancer survivors should not be overlooked. 18F-FDG PET/CT can be very useful in response evaluation and follow-up in patients treated with RT, however, variants and pitfalls are common and it is important to remember that radiation-induced injury is often a diagnosis of exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Dejanovic
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorota Czyzewska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Kiil Berthelsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Kumar A, Kaur S, Dhiman S, Singh PP, Bhatia G, Thakur S, Tuli HS, Sharma U, Kumar S, Almutary AG, Alnuqaydan AM, Hussain A, Haque S, Dhama K, Kaur S. Targeting Akt/NF-κB/p53 Pathway and Apoptosis Inducing Potential of 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Bis (2-Methyl Propyl) Ester Isolated from Onosma bracteata Wall. against Human Osteosarcoma (MG-63) Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113478. [PMID: 35684419 PMCID: PMC9182111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onosma bracteata Wall. is an important medicinal and immunity-enhancing herbs. This plant is commonly used in the preparation of traditional Ayurvedic drugs to treat numerous diseases. Inspired by the medicinal properties of this plant, the present study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative potential and the primary molecular mechanisms of the apoptotic induction against human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. Among all the fractions isolated from O. bracteata, ethyl acetate fraction (Obea) showed good antioxidant activity in superoxide radical scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation assay with an EC50 value of 95.12 and 80.67 µg/mL, respectively. Silica gel column chromatography of ethyl acetate (Obea) fraction of O. bracteata yielded a pure compound, which was characterized by NMR, FTIR, and HR-MS analysis and was identified as 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methyl propyl) ester (BDCe fraction). BDCe fraction was evaluated for the antiproliferative potential against human osteosarcoma MG-63, human neuroblastoma IMR-32, and human lung carcinoma A549 cell lines by MTT assay and exhibited GI50 values of 37.53 μM, 56.05 μM, and 47.12 μM, respectively. In Mg-63 cells, the BDCe fraction increased the level of ROS and simultaneously decreased the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) potential by arresting cells at the G0/G1 phase, suggesting the initiation of apoptosis. Western blotting analysis revealed the upregulation of p53, caspase3, and caspase9 while the expressions of p-NF-κB, p-Akt and Bcl-xl were decreased. RT-qPCR studies also showed upregulation in the expression of p53 and caspase3 and downregulation in the expression of CDK2, Bcl-2 and Cyclin E genes. Molecular docking analysis displayed the interaction between BDCe fraction with p53 (−151.13 kcal/mol) and CDK1 (−133.96 kcal/mol). The results of the present work suggest that the BDCe fraction has chemopreventive properties against osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via Akt/NF-κB/p53 pathways. This study contributes to the understanding of the utilization of BDCe fraction in osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sukhvinder Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (S.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India; (P.P.S.); (U.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Government Medical College and Hospital Chamba, Chamba 176310, India;
| | - Sharad Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, COVID-19 Project, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India;
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India;
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India; (P.P.S.); (U.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (S.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Abdulmajeed G. Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52266, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.G.A.); or (S.K.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52266, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai Campus, Dubai 345050, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, 16059 Nilüfer, Turkey
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India;
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (A.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.A.); or (S.K.)
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17
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Simon Davis DA, Atmosukarto II, Garrett J, Gosling K, Syed FM, Quah BJ. Irradiation immunity interactions. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 66:519-535. [PMID: 35261190 PMCID: PMC9314628 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system can influence cancer development by both impeding and/or facilitating tumour growth and spread. A better understanding of this complex relationship is fundamental to optimise current and future cancer therapeutic strategies. Although typically regarded as a localised and immunosuppressive anti‐cancer treatment modality, radiation therapy has been associated with generating profound systemic effects beyond the intended target volume. These systemic effects are immune‐driven suggesting radiation therapy can enhance anti‐tumour immunosurveillance in some instances. In this review, we summarise how radiation therapy can positively and negatively affect local and systemic anti‐tumour immune responses, how co‐administration of immunotherapy with radiation therapy may help promote anti‐tumour immunity, and how the use of immune biomarkers may help steer radiation therapy‐immunotherapy personalisation to optimise clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Simon Davis
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ines I Atmosukarto
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jessica Garrett
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Katharine Gosling
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Farhan M Syed
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ben Jc Quah
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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18
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Sohrabi Kashani A, Packirisamy M. Cancer-Nano-Interaction: From Cellular Uptake to Mechanobiological Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9587. [PMID: 34502495 PMCID: PMC8431109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of nanotechnology, the nano-bio-interaction field has emerged. It is essential to enhance our understanding of nano-bio-interaction in different aspects to design nanomedicines and improve their efficacy for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Many researchers have extensively studied the toxicological responses of cancer cells to nano-bio-interaction, while their mechanobiological responses have been less investigated. The mechanobiological properties of cells such as elasticity and adhesion play vital roles in cellular functions and cancer progression. Many studies have noticed the impacts of cellular uptake on the structural organization of cells and, in return, the mechanobiology of human cells. Mechanobiological changes induced by the interactions of nanomaterials and cells could alter cellular functions and influence cancer progression. Hence, in addition to biological responses, the possible mechanobiological responses of treated cells should be monitored as a standard methodology to evaluate the efficiency of nanomedicines. Studying the cancer-nano-interaction in the context of cell mechanics takes our knowledge one step closer to designing safe and intelligent nanomedicines. In this review, we briefly discuss how the characteristic properties of nanoparticles influence cellular uptake. Then, we provide insight into the mechanobiological responses that may occur during the nano-bio-interactions, and finally, the important measurement techniques for the mechanobiological characterizations of cells are summarized and compared. Understanding the unknown mechanobiological responses to nano-bio-interaction will help with developing the application of nanoparticles to modulate cell mechanics for controlling cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthukumaran Packirisamy
- Optical Bio-Microsystem Lab, Micro-Nano-Bio-Integration Centre, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
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19
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Guan M, Zhu S, Li S. Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Melanoma Theranostics With Emphasis on Combination Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:661214. [PMID: 33777924 PMCID: PMC7991305 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.661214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer with increasing incidence and high mortality rates worldwide. However, there is still a lack of efficient and resolutive treatment strategies, particularly in clinical settings. Currently, nanomedicine, an emerging area in the medical field, is being widely investigated in small animal models to afford melanoma theranostics. However, several problems, such as tumor heterogeneity, and drug resistance treatment with a single therapy, remain unresolved. Previous reviews have primarily focused on monotherapy for melanoma in the context of nanomedicine. In this review article, we summarize the recent progress in the application of nanomedicine for melanoma treatment, with particular attention to combination therapy based on nanomedicine to achieve optimized therapeutic output for melanoma treatment. In addition, we also highlight the fluorescence-guided strategies for intraoperative melanoma detection, especially in the near-infrared imaging window with greatly improved imaging contrast and penetration depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Guan
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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