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Carrera-Salinas A, González-Díaz A, Ehrlich RL, Berbel D, Tubau F, Pomares X, Garmendia J, Domínguez MÁ, Ardanuy C, Huertas D, Marín A, Montón C, Mell JC, Santos S, Marti S. Genetic Adaptation and Acquisition of Macrolide Resistance in Haemophilus spp. during Persistent Respiratory Tract Colonization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients Receiving Long-Term Azithromycin Treatment. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0386022. [PMID: 36475849 PMCID: PMC9927455 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03860-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) benefit from the immunomodulatory effect of azithromycin, but long-term administration may alter colonizing bacteria. Our goal was to identify changes in Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae during azithromycin treatment. Fifteen patients were followed while receiving prolonged azithromycin treatment (Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Spain). Four patients (P02, P08, P11, and P13) were persistently colonized by H. influenzae for at least 3 months and two (P04 and P11) by H. parainfluenzae. Isolates from these patients (53 H. influenzae and 18 H. parainfluenzae) were included to identify, by whole-genome sequencing, antimicrobial resistance changes and genetic variation accumulated during persistent colonization. All persistent lineages isolated before treatment were azithromycin-susceptible but developed resistance within the first months, apart from those belonging to P02, who discontinued the treatment. H. influenzae isolates from P08-ST107 acquired mutations in 23S rRNA, and those from P11-ST2480 and P13-ST165 had changes in L4 and L22. In H. parainfluenzae, P04 persistent isolates acquired changes in rlmC, and P11 carried genes encoding MefE/MsrD efflux pumps in an integrative conjugative element, which was also identified in H. influenzae P11-ST147. Other genetic variation occurred in genes associated with cell wall and inorganic ion metabolism. Persistent H. influenzae strains all showed changes in licA and hgpB genes. Other genes (lex1, lic3A, hgpC, and fadL) had variation in multiple lineages. Furthermore, persistent strains showed loss, acquisition, or genetic changes in prophage-associated regions. Long-term azithromycin therapy results in macrolide resistance, as well as genetic changes that likely favor bacterial adaptation during persistent respiratory colonization. IMPORTANCE The immunomodulatory properties of azithromycin reduce the frequency of exacerbations and improve the quality of life of COPD patients. However, long-term administration may alter the respiratory microbiota, such as Haemophilus influenzae, an opportunistic respiratory colonizing bacteria that play an important role in exacerbations. This study contributes to a better understanding of COPD progression by characterizing the clinical evolution of H. influenzae in a cohort of patients with prolonged azithromycin treatment. The emergence of macrolide resistance during the first months, combined with the role of Haemophilus parainfluenzae as a reservoir and source of resistance dissemination, is a cause for concern that may lead to therapeutic failure. Furthermore, genetic variations in cell wall and inorganic ion metabolism coding genes likely favor bacterial adaptation to host selective pressures. Therefore, the bacterial pathoadaptive evolution in these severe COPD patients raise our awareness of the possible spread of macrolide resistance and selection of host-adapted clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carrera-Salinas
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida González-Díaz
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel L. Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dàmaris Berbel
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fe Tubau
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Pomares
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital de Sabadell, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Domínguez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Network for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Huertas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Residència Sant Camil, Consorci Sanitari Alt Penedès-Garraf, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marín
- Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conchita Montón
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital de Sabadell, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Joshua Chang Mell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salud Santos
- Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Marti
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Liu YL, Ding R, Jia XM, Huang JJ, Yu S, Chan HT, Li W, Mao LL, Zhang L, Zhang XY, Wu W, Ni AP, Xu YC. Correlation of Moraxella catarrhalis macrolide susceptibility with the ability to adhere and invade human respiratory epithelial cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2055-2068. [PMID: 35904140 PMCID: PMC9448378 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant Moraxella catarrhalis has been reported, especially among Chinese children. The fitness cost of resistance is reported to render the resistant bacteria less virulent. To investigate the correlation between macrolide susceptibility of M. catarrhalis and pathogenicity, the whole genome of 70 M. catarrhalis isolates belonging to four clonal complexes with different macrolide susceptibilities was sequenced. The gene products were annotated with the Gene Ontology terms. Based on 46 extracted essential virulence genes, 19 representative isolates were selected to infect type II alveolar cells (A549 cells). The ability of these isolates to adhere and invade human epithelial cells and to produce cytokines was comparatively analysed. Furthermore, mice were infected with a pair of M. catarrhalis isolates with different pathogenic behaviours and macrolide susceptibilities to examine pulmonary clearance, histological findings, and the production of cytokines. The percentages of annotations for binding, metabolic process, cellular process, and cell were non-significantly different between the macrolide-resistant and macrolide-susceptible groups. The presence of uspA2, uspA2H, pilO, lbpB, lex1, modM, mboIA, and mboIB significantly differed among the four clonal complexes and macrolide susceptibility groups. Furthermore, compared with those in macrolide-susceptible isolates, the adhesion ability was stronger (P = 0.0019) and the invasion ability was weaker (P < 0.0001) in the macrolide-resistant isolates. Mouse experiments revealed that pulmonary macrophages elicit immune responses against M. catarrhalis infection by significantly upregulating the Csf2, Il4, Il13, Il1b, Il6, Tnf, and Il18. Therefore, M. catarrhalis populations exhibited diverse pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107).,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Xin-Miao Jia
- Medical Research Center, State Key laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107).,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuying Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107).,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Lei-Li Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Xin-Yao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - An-Ping Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107).,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
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3
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Yan X, Dai K, Gu C, Yu Z, He M, Xiao W, Zhao M, He L. Deletion of two-component system QseBC weakened virulence of Glaesserella parasuis in a murine acute infection model and adhesion to host cells. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13648. [PMID: 35769141 PMCID: PMC9235811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread two-component system (TCS), QseBC, involves vital virulence regulators in Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae. Here we studied the function of QseBC in Glaesserella parasuis. A ΔqseBC mutant was constructed using a Glaesserella parasuis serovar 11 clinical strain SC1401 by natural transformation. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate cellular adhesion, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis. The ability of ΔqseBC and ΔqseC mutant strains to adhere to PAM and MLE-12 cells was significantly reduced. Additionally, by focusing on the clinical signs, H&E, and IFA for inflammation and apoptosis, we found that the ΔqseBC mutant weakened virulence in the murine models. Together, these findings suggest that QseBC plays an important role in the virulence of Glaesserella parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Dai
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manli He
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | | | - Lvqin He
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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4
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Dai K, Yang Z, Ma X, Chang YF, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Xia J, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen X, Wen Y. Deletion of Polyamine Transport Protein PotD Exacerbates Virulence in Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis in the Form of Non-biofilm-generated Bacteria in a Murine Acute Infection Model. Virulence 2021; 12:520-546. [PMID: 33525975 PMCID: PMC7872090 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1878673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small, polycationic molecules with a hydrocarbon backbone and multiple amino groups required for optimal cell growth. The potD gene, belonging to the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system potABCD, encodes the bacterial substrate-binding subunit of the polyamine transport system, playing a pivotal role in bacterial metabolism and growth. The swine pathogen Glaesserella parasuis possesses an intact pot operon, and the studies presented here mainly examined the involvement of PotD in Glaesserella pathogenesis. A potD-deficient mutant was constructed using a virulent G. parasuis strain SC1401 by natural transformation; immuno-electron microscopy was used to identify the subcellular location of native PotD protein; an electron microscope was adopted to inspect biofilm and bacterial morphology; immunofluorescence technique was employed to study cellular adhesion, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis. The TSA++-pre-cultured mutant strain showed a significantly reduced adhesion capacity to PK-15 and MLE-12 cells. Likewise, we also found attenuation in virulence using murine models focusing on the clinical sign, H&E, and IFA for inflammation and apoptosis. However, when the mutant was grown in TSB++, virulence recovered to normal levels, along with a high level of radical oxygen species formation in the host. The expression of PotD could actively stimulate the production of ROS in Raw 264.7. Our data suggested that PotD from G. parasuis has a high binding potential to polyamine, and is essential for the full bacterial virulence within mouse models. However, the virulence of the potD mutant is highly dependent on its TSA++ culture conditions rather than on biofilm-formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , NY, USA
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
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5
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Feng S, Chen A, Wang X, Pan Z, Xu S, Yu H, Zhang B, Liao M. The Glaesserella parasuis phosphoglucomutase is partially required for lipooligosaccharide synthesis. Vet Res 2020; 51:97. [PMID: 32736655 PMCID: PMC7393335 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are virulence determinants of Glaesserella parasuis, a pathogen of the respiratory tract of pigs. We previously reported that disruption of the galU or galE gene in G. parasuis results in increased sensitivity to porcine serum, indicating that the galactose catabolism pathway is required for polysaccharide formation in G. parasuis. Here, we evaluated the role of the HAPS_0849 gene in LOS synthesis. The G. parasuis SC096 HAPS_0849 mutant produced a highly truncated LOS molecule, although a small fraction of intact LOS was still observed, and this mutant was found to be more sensitive to serum than the parental strain. HAPS_0849 was overexpressed and purified for biochemical assays, and this protein exhibited phosphoglucomutase (PGM) activity. Heterologous expression of a pgm gene from Escherichia coli in the HAPS_0849 mutant led to restoration of the wild-type LOS glycoform, further demonstrating the PGM function of HAPS_0849 in G. parasuis. The autoagglutination and biofilm formation ability of this strain were also investigated. Disruption of HAPS_0849 led to an increased tendency to autoagglutinate and form more biofilms, and these enhanced phenotypes were observed in the absence of glucose. In addition, LOSs from HAPS_0849, galU and lgtB mutants had similar truncated glycoforms, while LOSs from the galE and lex-1 mutants exhibited another type of defective LOS pattern. These findings imply that HAPS_0849 may function upstream of GalU in the generation of glucose 1-phosphate. In conclusion, our results preliminarily described the functions of HAPS_0849 in G. parasuis, and this gene was partially required for LOS synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixiang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Aihua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Dai K, Yang Z, Chang YF, He L, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen X, Wen Y. Construction of targeted and integrative promoter-reporter plasmids pDK-K and pDK-G to measure gene expression activity in Haemophilus parasuis. Microb Pathog 2019; 134:103565. [PMID: 31158493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is rather difficult to manipulate genetically due to the diversity of restriction-modification systems and other mechanisms harbored by various isolates. This prevents exogenous plasmids from replicating in this species and hinders research efforts focused on transcriptional regulators in this bacterium. In this study, we generated a convenient promoter reporter system based on gene knock-in method using natural transformation in H. parasuis. Gene knock-in has proven useful as a powerful tool facilitating identification and studying the transcription activities of regulators under a variety of conditions that favor gene transcription or expression from an incorporated promoter. The vectors, pDK-K and pDK-G, carrying promoterless reporter lacZ gene and two homologous sequences flanking a knock-in site, may have some advantages over the extensively used plasmid-bearing reporter system in other bacteria in stability and ease of genetic manipulation in H. parasuis. The knock-in site was positioned at a site occupied by flanking genes that were both hypothetical and had the same transcription orientation, thus the expression of the reversely cloned promoter-lacZ fusion wouldn't be affected by the upstream promoter on the chromosome. The expression activity of lacZ gene under the transcriptional activation of a 300 bp promoter-proximal segment of cyaA, crp or comA genes in H. parasuis was separately validated using X-gal and o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside(ONPG) as substrates. The derivatives harboring promoter-lacZ fusion segments showed significantly higher β-galactosidase activity levels than the promoterlessones both in TSB++ broth and on TSA++ plate as screened either by X-gal method or the standard Miller method. We also used pDK vector to further certify that the cyaA promoter is inducible and whose transcriptional levels were in correlation with the growth kinetics of the bacteria in TSB++. With this system, gene knock-in method based on natural transformation in H. parasuis proved to be useful in identifying transcriptional regulation of a certain promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Lvqin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Mendez J, Cascales D, Garcia-Torrico AI, Guijarro JA. Temperature-Dependent Gene Expression in Yersinia ruckeri: Tracking Specific Genes by Bioluminescence During in Vivo Colonization. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1098. [PMID: 29887855 PMCID: PMC5981175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is a bacterium causing fish infection processes at temperatures below the optimum for growth. A derivative Tn5 transposon was used to construct a library of Y. ruckeri mutants with transcriptional fusions between the interrupted genes and the promoterless luxCDABE and lacZY operons. In vitro analysis of β-galactosidase activity allowed the identification of 168 clones having higher expression at 18°C than at 28°C. Among the interrupted genes a SAM-dependent methyltransferase, a diguanylated cyclase, three genes involved in legionaminic acid synthesis and three transcriptional regulators were defined. In order to determine, via bioluminescence emission, the in vivo expression of some of these genes, two of the selected mutants were studied. In one of them, the acrR gene coding a repressor involved in regulation of the AcrAB-TolC expulsion pump was interrupted. This mutant was found to be highly resistant to compounds such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Although acrR mutation was not related to virulence in Y. ruckeri, this mutant was useful to analyze acrR expression in fish tissues in vivo. The other gene studied was osmY which is activated under osmotic stress and is involved in virulence. In this case, complemented mutant was used for experiments with fish. In vivo analysis of bioluminescence emission by these two strains showed higher values for acrR in gut, liver and adipose tissue, whereas osmY showed higher luminescence in gut and, at the end of the infection process, in muscle tissue. Similar results were obtained in ex vivo assays using rainbow trout tissues. The results indicated that this kind of approach was useful for the identification of genes related to virulence in Y. ruckeri and also for the in vivo and in vitro studies of each of the selected genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mendez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Desirée Cascales
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana I Garcia-Torrico
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose A Guijarro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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8
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He L, Dai K, Wen X, Ding L, Cao S, Huang X, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Yan Q, Ma X, Han X, Wen Y. QseC Mediates Osmotic Stress Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Haemophilus parasuis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:212. [PMID: 29487590 PMCID: PMC5816903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is known as a commensal organism discovered in the upper respiratory tract of swine where the pathogenic bacteria survive in various adverse environmental stress. QseC, a histidine protein kinase of the two-component regulatory systems CheY/QseC, is involved in the environmental adaptation in bacteria. To investigate the role of QseC in coping with the adverse environment stresses and survive in the host, we constructed a qseC mutant of H. parasuis serovar 13 strain (ΔqseC), MY1902. In this study, we found that QseC was involved in stress tolerance of H. parasuis, by the ΔqseC exhibited a decreased resistance to osmotic pressure, oxidative stress, and heat shock. Moreover, the ΔqseC weakened the ability to take up iron and biofilm formation. We also found that the QseC participate in sensing the epinephrine in environment to regulate the density of H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvqin He
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingqiang Ding
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Science-observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Dai K, He L, Chang YF, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen X, Wen Y. Basic Characterization of Natural Transformation in a Highly Transformable Haemophilus parasuis Strain SC1401. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:32. [PMID: 29473023 PMCID: PMC5809987 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis causes Glässer's disease and pneumonia, incurring serious economic losses in the porcine industry. In this study, natural competence was investigated in H. parasuis. We found competence genes in H. parasuis homologous to ones in Haemophilus influenzae and a high consensus battery of Sxy-dependent cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP-S) regulons using bioinformatics. High rates of natural competence were found from the onset of stationary-phase growth condition to mid-stationary phase (OD600 from 0.29 to 1.735); this rapidly dropped off as cells reached mid-stationary phase (OD600 from 1.735 to 1.625). As a whole, bacteria cultured in liquid media were observed to have lower competence levels than those grown on solid media plates. We also revealed that natural transformation in this species is stable after 200 passages and is largely dependent on DNA concentration. Transformation competition experiments showed that heterogeneous DNA cannot outcompete intraspecific natural transformation, suggesting an endogenous uptake sequence or other molecular markers may be important in differentiating heterogeneous DNA. We performed qRT-PCR targeting multiple putative competence genes in an effort to compare bacteria pre-cultured in TSB++ vs. TSA++ and SC1401 vs. SH0165 to determine expression profiles of the homologs of competence-genes in H. influenzae. Taken together, this study is the first to investigate natural transformation in H. parasuis based on a highly naturally transformable strain SC1401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Baicalin modulates NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells Infected by Haemophilus parasuis Causing Glässer's disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:807. [PMID: 29339754 PMCID: PMC5770393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) can cause vascular inflammatory injury, but the molecular basis of this effect remains unclear. In this study,we investigated the effect of the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant agent, baicalin, on the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in pig primary aortic vascular endothelial cells. Activation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway was induced in H. parasuis-infected cells. However, baicalin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and activation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in infected cells. These results revealed that baicalin can inhibit H. parasuis-induced inflammatory responses in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells, and may thus offer a novel strategy for controlling and treating H. parasuis infection. Furthermore, the results suggest that piglet primary aortic vascular endothelial cells may provide an experimental model for future studies of H. parasuis infection.
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11
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Dai K, Wen X, Chang YF, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen Y. A streptomycin resistance marker in H. parasuis based on site-directed mutations in rpsL gene to perform unmarked in-frame mutations and to verify natural transformation. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4253. [PMID: 29340249 PMCID: PMC5767333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae and a major causative agent of Glässer’s disease. This bacterium is normally a benign swine commensal but may become a deadly pathogen upon penetration into multiple tissues, contributing to severe lesions in swine. We have established a successive natural transformation-based markerless mutation system in this species. However, the two-step mutation system requires screening of natural competent cells, and cannot delete genes which regulate natural competence per se. In this study, we successfully obtained streptomycin-resistant derivatives from H. parasuis wild type strain SC1401 by using ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS, CH3SO2OC2H5). Upon sequencing and site-directed mutations, we uncovered that the EMS-induced point mutation in rpsL at codon 43rd (AAA → AGA; K43R) or at 88th (AAA → AGA; K88R) confers a much higher streptomycin resistance than clinical isolates. We have applied the streptomycin resistance marker as a positive selection marker to perform homologous recombination through conjugation and successfully generated a double unmarked in-frame targeted mutant 1401D88△tfox△arcA. Combined with a natural transformation-based knockout system and this genetic technique, multiple deletion mutants or attenuated strains of H. parasuis can be easily constructed. Moreover, the mutant genetic marker rpsL and streptomycin resistant phenotypes can serve as an effective tool to select naturally competent strains, and to verify natural transformation quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Zeng Z, Zhang B, He H, Chen X, Ren Y, Yue H, Tang C. lgtF effects of Haemophilus parasuis LOS induced inflammation through regulation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:380-384. [PMID: 28716662 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lgtF gene encodes a glucosyltransferase responsible for adding a glucose to the first sugar of heptose I in the synthesis of lipooligosaccharides (LOS). To study the function of lgtF, we constructed an lgtF mutant (ΔlgtF) from Haemophilus parasuis SC096 using a natural transformation system. A highly purified preparation of LOS from ΔlgtF (ΔlgtF-LOS) exhibited an obvious truncation in structure compared to the LOS of the wild-type SC096 strain (WT-LOS). The ΔlgtF-LOS also displayed a significantly reduced ability to induce inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in comparison with the WT-LOS. Furthermore, we also found that ΔlgtF-LOS-treated cells had significantly decreased phospho-p65 and phospho-p38, and inhibited IκBα degradation. These findings suggested that the lgtF gene mediated LOS induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PAMs by regulating the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways during H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huan He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinnuo Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
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13
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Feng S, Xu C, Yang K, Wang H, Fan H, Liao M. Either fadD1 or fadD2, Which Encode acyl-CoA Synthetase, Is Essential for the Survival of Haemophilus parasuis SC096. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:72. [PMID: 28361037 PMCID: PMC5350145 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Haemophilus parasuis, the genes HAPS_0217 and HAPS_1695 are predicted to encode long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligases (FACSs). These proteins contain ATP/AMP signature motifs and FACS conserved motifs that are homologous to those in Escherichia coli FadD (EcFadD). In this study, we demonstrate that HAPS_0217 and HAPS_1695 can functionally replace EcFadD in the E. coli fadD mutant JW1794, and were thus designated fadD1 and fadD2, respectively. An evaluation of kinetic parameters indicated that FadD1 and FadD2 have a substrate preference for long-chain fatty acids. Moreover, FadD2 exhibited substrate inhibition in the presence of high concentrations of oleic acid. Single mutants of each of the fadD genes were easily constructed, whereas double mutants were not. These results were further confirmed using genomic site-directed mutagenesis, which supported the idea that H. parasuis requires either fadD1 or fadD2 for survival. The fadD1 mutant exhibited slower growth than the wild-type strain SC096, and its complementation resulted in a restored phenotype. The wild-type strain did not grow on chemically defined medium without the addition of oleic acid, indicating that lipids are a vital nutrient for this bacterium. Additionally, strains with a disrupted fadD1 gene also exhibited increased sensitivity to quinolone antibiotics, including levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms of Guangdong province, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
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