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Park JH, Bae KS, Kang J, Yoon JK, Lee SH. Comprehensive Assessment of Multidrug-Resistant and Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1119. [PMID: 38930502 PMCID: PMC11205404 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli poses a significant threat to public health, contributing to elevated rates of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. This study focused on investigating the antibiotic resistance profiles, resistance and virulence gene distributions, biofilm formation capabilities, and sequence types of E. coli strains resistant to six or more antibiotic classes. Among 918 strains isolated from 33 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), 53.6% (492/918) demonstrated resistance, 32.5% (298/918) were MDR, and over 8% (74/918) were resistant to six or more antibiotic classes, exhibiting complete resistance to ampicillin and over 90% to sulfisoxazole, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Key resistance genes identified included sul2, blaTEM, tetA, strA, strB, and fimH as the predominant virulence genes linked to cell adhesion but limited biofilm formation; 69% showed no biofilm formation, and approximately 3% were strong producers. Antibiotic residue analysis detected ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim in all 33 WWTPs. Multilocus sequence typing analysis identified 29 genotypes, predominantly ST131, ST1193, ST38, and ST69, as high-risk clones of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of antibiotic resistance in MDR E. coli isolated from WWTPs, emphasizing the need for ongoing surveillance and research to effectively manage antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Park
- Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environment Research, Yangpyeong-gun, Incheon 12585, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seon Bae
- Division of Water Supply and Sewerage Research, National Institute of Environment Research, Yangpyeong-gun, Incheon 22689, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (K.-S.B.); (J.K.); (J.-K.Y.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Jihyun Kang
- Division of Water Supply and Sewerage Research, National Institute of Environment Research, Yangpyeong-gun, Incheon 22689, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (K.-S.B.); (J.K.); (J.-K.Y.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Jeong-Ki Yoon
- Division of Water Supply and Sewerage Research, National Institute of Environment Research, Yangpyeong-gun, Incheon 22689, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (K.-S.B.); (J.K.); (J.-K.Y.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Soo-Hyung Lee
- Division of Water Supply and Sewerage Research, National Institute of Environment Research, Yangpyeong-gun, Incheon 22689, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (K.-S.B.); (J.K.); (J.-K.Y.); (S.-H.L.)
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He Q, Zheng Y, Yan K, Tang J, Yang F, Tian Y, Yang L, Dou B, Chen Y, Gu J, Chen H, Yuan F, Bei W. The cAMP receptor protein gene contributes to growth, stress resistance, and colonization of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110006. [PMID: 38308931 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Porcine infectious pleuropneumonia (PCP) is a severe disease of porcine caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP). The spread of PCP remains a threat to the porcine farms and has been known to cause severe economic losses. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) serves as a pivotal player in helping bacteria adapt to shifts in their environment, particularly when facing the challenges posed by bacterial infections. In this study, we investigated the role of CRP in APP. Our results revealed that crp mutant (Δcrp) strains were more sensitive to acidic and osmotic stress resistance and had lower biofilm formation ability than wild-type (WT) strains. Furthermore, the Δcrp strains showed deficiencies in anti-phagocytosis, adhesion, and invasion upon interaction with host cells. Mice infected with the Δcrp strains demonstrated reduced bacterial loads in their lungs compared to those infected with the WT strains. This study reveals the pivotal role of crp gene expression in regulating pleuropneumonia growth, stress resistance, iron utilization, biofilm formation, phagocytosis, adhesion, invasion and colonization. Our discoveries offer novel perspectives on understanding the development and progression of APP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengming Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunpeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Guo F, Quan R, Cui Y, Cao X, Wen T, Xu F. Effects of OxyR regulator on oxidative stress, Apx toxin secretion and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1324760. [PMID: 38268788 PMCID: PMC10806198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1324760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, poses a significant threat to global swine populations due to its high prevalence, mortality rates, and substantial economic ramifications. Understanding the pathogen's defense mechanisms against host-produced reactive oxygen species is crucial for its survival, with OxyR, a conserved bacterial transcription factor, being pivotal in oxidative stress response. Methods This study investigated the presence and role of OxyR in A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1-12 reference strains. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted on an oxyR disruption mutant to delineate the biological activities influenced by OxyR. Additionally, specific assays were employed to assess urease activity, catalase expression, ApxI toxin secretion, as well as adhesion and invasion abilities of the oxyR disruption mutant on porcine 3D4/21 and PT cells. A mice challenge experiment was also conducted to evaluate the impact of oxyR inactivation on A. pleuropneumoniae virulence. Results OxyR was identified as a conserved regulator present in A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1-12 reference strains. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the involvement of OxyR in multiple biological activities. The oxyR disruption resulted in decreased urease activity, elevated catalase expression, enhanced ApxI toxin secretion-attributed to OxyR binding to the apxIBD promoter-and reduced adhesion and invasion abilities on porcine cells. Furthermore, inactivation of oxyR reduced the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae in a mice challenge experiment. Discussion The findings highlight the pivotal role of OxyR in influencing the virulence mechanisms of A. pleuropneumoniae. The observed effects on various biological activities underscore OxyR as an essential factor contributing to the pathogenicity of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher’s College, Baotou, China
| | - Fuzhou Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu Z, Guan J, Chen Z, Tai C, Deng Z, Chao Y, Ou HY. CpxR promotes the carbapenem antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae by directly regulating the expression and the dissemination of blaKPC on the IncFII conjugative plasmid. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2256427. [PMID: 37672539 PMCID: PMC10524804 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2256427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen known for its resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, especially the increasing carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent variants. The carbapenem resistance is mainly caused by the carbapenemase gene blaKPC which was commonly found on the IncFII transferable plasmids in K. pneumoniae ST11 isolates in regions of China. However, the mechanisms of the plasmid-carrying blaKPC regulation by the host strain are not clear. To investigate the chromosome-encoded two-component system (TCS) that regulates the carbapenem resistance of K. pneumoniae caused by blaKPC, twenty-four TCSs of a carbapenem-resistant classical K. pneumoniae ST11 clinical isolate were knocked out. The deletion mutation of the TCS regulator cpxR exhibited increased sensitivity to carbapenem, which could be restored by complementation with cpxR in trans. Electrophoretic mobility shift, isothermal titration calorimetry and DNase I footprinting results revealed that CpxR directly bound to the promoter DNA of blaKPC and the binding was abolished by disrupting the DNA-binding domain in CpxR. The subsequent in vivo assays using the lacZ reporter system and qPCR showed that CpxR upregulates the transcription of blaKPC. Notably, CpxR was also found to activate the transfer of the blaKPC-carrying IncFII plasmid between the hypervirulent K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates, in which CpxR promoted the transcription of the tra operon via binding to its promoter region. These results provide an important insight into the regulation of the host factor CpxR in the plasmid-carrying carbapenemase gene in the classical and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyan Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Chao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Wan J, Zhang R, Jia Y, Xie T, Dai L, Yao Q, Zhang W, Xiao H, Gao X, Huang J, Bei W, Liu F. The two-component system CpxAR is required for the high potassium stress survival of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1259935. [PMID: 37822748 PMCID: PMC10562621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen, which can cause porcine contagious pleuropneumonia and lead to great economic losses to worldwide swine industry. High potassium is an adverse environment for bacteria, which is not conducive to providing turgor pressure for cell growth and division. Two-component system CpxAR is an important regulatory system of bacteria in response to environmental changes, which is involved in a variety of biological activities, such as antibiotic resistance, periplasmic protein folding, peptidoglycan metabolism and so on. Methods However, little is known about the role of CpxAR in high potassium stress in A. pleuropneumoniae. Here, we showed that CpxAR is critical for cell division of A. pleuropneumoniae under high potassium (K+) stress. Results qRT-PCR analysis found that CpxAR positively regulated the cell division genes ftsEX. In addition, we also demonstrated that CpxR-P could directly bind the promoter region of the cell division gene ftsE by EMSA. Discussion In conclusion, our results described a mechanism where CpxAR adjusts A. pleuropneumoniae survival under high-K+ stress by upregulating the expression of the cell division proteins FtsE and FtsX. These findings are the first to directly demonstrate CpxAR-mediated high-K+ tolerance, and to investigate the detailed molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wan
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wendie Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Huasong Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Zhang Q, Peng L, Han W, Chen H, Tang H, Chen X, Langford PR, Huang Q, Zhou R, Li L. The morphology and metabolic changes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during its growth as a biofilm. Vet Res 2023; 54:42. [PMID: 37237397 PMCID: PMC10224306 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important swine respiratory pathogen. Previous studies have suggested that growth as a biofilm is a natural state of A. pleuropneumoniae infection. To understand the survival features involved in the biofilm state, the growth features, morphology and gene expression profiles of planktonic and biofilm A. pleuropneumoniae were compared. A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms showed reduced viability but maintained the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) after late log-phase. Under the microscope, bacteria in biofilms formed dense aggregated structures that were connected by abundant EPS, with reduced condensed chromatin. By construction of Δpga and ΔdspB mutants, polymeric β-1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine and dispersin B were confirmed to be critical for normal biofilm formation. RNA-seq analysis indicated that, compared to their planktonic counterparts, A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms had an extensively altered transcriptome. Carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and translation were significantly repressed, while fermentation and genes contributing to EPS synthesis and translocation were up-regulated. The regulators Fnr (HlyX) and Fis were found to be up-regulated and their binding motifs were identified in the majority of the differentially expressed genes, suggesting their coordinated global role in regulating biofilm metabolism. By comparing the transcriptome of wild-type biofilm and Δpga, the utilization of oligosaccharides, iron and sulfur and fermentation were found to be important in adhesion and aggregation during biofilm formation. Additionally, when used as inocula, biofilm bacteria showed reduced virulence in mouse, compared with planktonic grown cells. Thus, these results have identified new facets of A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm maintenance and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyao Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Qi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Escobar-Salom M, Barceló IM, Jordana-Lluch E, Torrens G, Oliver A, Juan C. Bacterial virulence regulation through soluble peptidoglycan fragments sensing and response: knowledge gaps and therapeutic potential. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad010. [PMID: 36893807 PMCID: PMC10039701 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the growing clinical-epidemiological threat posed by the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, new therapeutic options are urgently needed, especially against top nosocomial pathogens such as those within the ESKAPE group. In this scenario, research is pushed to explore therapeutic alternatives and, among these, those oriented toward reducing bacterial pathogenic power could pose encouraging options. However, the first step in developing these antivirulence weapons is to find weak points in the bacterial biology to be attacked with the goal of dampening pathogenesis. In this regard, during the last decades some studies have directly/indirectly suggested that certain soluble peptidoglycan-derived fragments display virulence-regulatory capacities, likely through similar mechanisms to those followed to regulate the production of several β-lactamases: binding to specific transcriptional regulators and/or sensing/activation of two-component systems. These data suggest the existence of intra- and also intercellular peptidoglycan-derived signaling capable of impacting bacterial behavior, and hence likely exploitable from the therapeutic perspective. Using the well-known phenomenon of peptidoglycan metabolism-linked β-lactamase regulation as a starting point, we gather and integrate the studies connecting soluble peptidoglycan sensing with fitness/virulence regulation in Gram-negatives, dissecting the gaps in current knowledge that need filling to enable potential therapeutic strategy development, a topic which is also finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Escobar-Salom
- Research Unit and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel María Barceló
- Research Unit and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Research Unit and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma, Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Research Unit and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University. Försörjningsvägen 2A, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Research Unit and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Research Unit and Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC). Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Kuo CH, Lin WF, Liu CJ, Wang ZC, Liu TY, Peng HL. Role of the stress-responsive two-component system CpxAR in regulating fimbriae expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023:S1684-1182(23)00040-3. [PMID: 36898943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CpxAR is a two-component system that allows bacteria to reorganize envelope structures in response to extracellular stimuli. CpxAR negatively affects type 1 fimbriae expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43, a hypervirulent strain. The involvement of CpxAR in the regulation of type 3 fimbriae expression was investigated. METHODS cpxAR, cpxA, and cpxR gene-specific deletion mutants were generated. The deletion effects on the expression of type 1 and type 3 fimbriae were analyzed via measuring the promoter activity, mannose sensitive yeast agglutination activity, biofilm formation, and the production of the major pilins FimA and MrkA respectively. RNA sequencing analysis of CG43S3, ΔcpxAR, ΔcpxR and Δfur was employed to study the regulatory mechanism influencing the expression of type 3 fimbriae. RESULTS Deletion of cpxAR increased type 1 and type 3 fimbrial expression. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of oxidative stress-responsive enzymes, type 1 and type 3 fimbriae, and iron acquisition and homeostasis control systems were differentially affected by cpxAR or cpxR deletion. Subsequent analysis revealed that the small RNA RyhB negatively affects the expression of type 3 fimbriae, while CpxAR positively controls ryhB expression. Finally, the site-directed mutation of the predicted interacting sequences of RyhB with the mRNA of MrkA attenuated the RyhB repression of type 3 fimbriae. CONCLUSION CpxAR negatively regulates the expression of type 3 fimbriae by modulating cellular iron levels thereafter activating the expression of RyhB. The activated RyhB represses the expression of type 3 fimbriae by base-pairing binding to the 5'region of mrkA mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Feng Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, School of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Chong Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, School of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Ling Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, School of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan.
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9
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Ma K, Wang H, Lv Z, Hu Y, Wang H, Shu F, Zhu C, Xue T. The Two-Component System CpxRA Affects Antibiotic Susceptibility and Biofilm Formation in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030383. [PMID: 36766272 PMCID: PMC9913434 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the common extraintestinal infectious disease pathogens in chickens, geese, and other birds. It can cause a variety of infections, and even the death of poultry, causing enormous economic losses. However, the misuse and abuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry have led to the development of drug resistance in the gut microbes, posing a challenge for the treatment of APEC infections. It has been reported that the CpxRA two-component system has an effect on bacterial drug resistance, but the specific regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of CpxRA on APEC biofilm formation and EmrKY efflux pump was investigated. The cpxRA knockout strain of E. coli APEC40 was constructed, and the molecular regulatory mechanism of CpxR on biofilms and efflux pump-coding genes were identified by biofilm formation assays, drug susceptibility test, real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results indicated that CpxR can directly bind to the promoter region of emrKY and negatively regulate the sensitivity of bacteria to ofloxacin and erythromycin. These results confirm the important regulatory role of the CpxRA two-component system under antibiotic stress in APEC.
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10
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Yao Q, Xie T, Fu Y, Wan J, Zhang W, Gao X, Huang J, Sun D, Zhang F, Bei W, Lei L, Liu F. The CpxA/CpxR two-component system mediates regulation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cold growth. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1079390. [PMID: 36619992 PMCID: PMC9816388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1079390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To survive in various hostile environments, two-component system is an adaptive mechanism for diverse bacteria. Activity of the CpxA/CpxR two-component system contributes to coping with different stimuli, such as pH, osmotic and heat stress. Methods However, the role of the CpxA/CpxR system in cold resistance is little-known. In this study, we showed that CpxA/CpxRwas critical for A. pleuropneumoniae growth under cold stress. Results β-Galactosidaseanalysis showed that CpxA/CpxR positively regulated the predicted cold stress gene cspC. The mutant for cold stress gene cspC was impaired in the optimal growth of A. pleuropneumoniae under cold stress. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that CpxR-P could directly regulate the transcription of the cold stress gene cspC. Discussion These results presented in this study illustrated that the CpxA/CpxR system plays an important role in cold resistance by upregulating expression of CspC. The data give new insights into how A. pleuropneumoniae survives in cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wendie Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diangang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxian Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Liancheng Lei, ✉
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Feng Liu, ✉
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11
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CpxAR of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Contributes to Heat Stress Response by Repressing Expression of Type IV Pilus Gene apfA. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0252322. [PMID: 36259970 PMCID: PMC9769684 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02523-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pleuropneumonia in swine, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, is characterized by a high and sustained fever. Fever creates an adverse environment for many bacteria, leading to reduced bacterial proliferation; however, most pathogenic bacteria can tolerate higher temperatures. CpxAR is a two-component regulation system, ubiquitous among Gram-negative bacteria, which senses and responds to envelope alterations that are mostly associated with protein misfolding in the periplasm. Our previous study showed that CpxAR is necessary for the optimal growth of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae under heat stress. Here, we showed that mutation of the type IV pilin gene apfA rescued the growth defect of the cpxAR deletion strain under heat stress. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses revealed that 265 genes were differentially expressed in the ΔcpxAR strains grown at 42°C, including genes involved in type IV pilus biosynthesis. We also demonstrated direct binding of the CpxR protein to the promoter of the apf operon by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and identified the binding site by a DNase I footprinting assay. In conclusion, our results revealed the important role of CpxAR in A. pleuropneumoniae resistance to heat stress by directly suppressing the expression of ApfA. IMPORTANCE Heat acts as a danger signal for pathogens, especially those infecting mammalian hosts in whom fever indicates infection. However, some bacteria have evolved exquisite mechanisms to survive under heat stress. Studying the mechanism of resistance to heat stress is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of A. pleuropneumoniae during the acute stage of infection. Our study revealed that CpxAR plays an important role in A. pleuropneumoniae resistance to heat stress by directly suppressing expression of the type IV pilin protein ApfA.
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12
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Abstract
The two-component system CpxRA can sense environmental stresses and regulate transcription of a wide range of genes for the purpose of adaptation. Despite extensive research on this system, the identification of the CpxR regulon is not systematic or comprehensive. Herein, genome-wide screening was performed using a position-specific scoring matrix, resulting in the discovery of more than 10,000 putative CpxR binding sites, which provides an extensive and selective set of targets based on sequence. More than half of the candidate genes ultimately selected (73/97) were experimentally confirmed to be CpxR-regulated genes through experimental analysis. These genes are involved in various physiological functions, indicating that the CpxRA system regulates complex cellular processes. The study also found for the first time that the CpxR-regulated genes ydeE, xylE, alx, and galP contribute to Escherichia coli resistance to acid stress, whereas prlF, alx, casA, yacH, ydeE, sbmA, and ampH contribute to E. coli resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptide stress. Among these CpxR-regulated genes, ydeE and alx responded to both stressors. In a similar way, a cationic antimicrobial peptide is capable of directly activating the periplasmic domain of CpxA kinase in vitro, which is consistent with the CpxA response to acid stress. These results greatly expand our understanding of the CpxRA-dependent stress response network in E. coli. IMPORTANCE CpxRA system is found in many pathogens and plays an essential role in sensing environmental signals and transducing information inside cells for adaptation. It usually regulates expression of specific genes in response to different environmental stresses and is important for bacterial pathogenesis. However, systematically identifying CpxRA-regulated genes and elucidating the regulative role of CpxRA in bacteria responding to environmental stress remains challenging. This study discovered more than 10,000 putative CpxR binding sites based on sequence. This bioinformatics approach, combined with experimental assays, allowed the identification of many previously unknown CpxR-regulated genes. Among the novel 73 CpxRA-regulated genes identified in this study, the role of nine of them in contributing to E. coli resistance to acid or cationic antimicrobial peptide stress was studied. The potential correlation between these two environmental stress responses provides insight into the CpxRA-dependent stress response network. This also improves our understanding of environment-bacterium interaction and Gram-negative pathogenesis.
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13
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Liu F, Yao Q, Huang J, Wan J, Xie T, Gao X, Sun D, Zhang F, Bei W, Lei L. The two-component system CpxA/CpxR is critical for full virulence in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1029426. [PMID: 36312949 PMCID: PMC9615922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a major bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen causing pig pleuropneumonia, has resulted in high economic losses worldwide. The mutation of the two-component system CpxAR strongly impacted the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, but the underlying regulatory mechanism remained unclear. Here, we found that CpxAR positively regulated the cpxDCBA gene cluster involved in polysaccharide capsule export. A capsular layer was confirmed in wild-type cells by transmission electron microscopy, whereas cpxAR and cpxD mutants were non-capsulated. The mutants for polysaccharide capsule export gene cpxD exhibited non-capsulated and were strongly impaired in virulence for mice, indicating a major role of CPS export system in virulence. We then demonstrated that CpxR directly regulated the transcription of the CPS export gene cluster cpxDCBA. Taken together, our data suggested that CpxAR is a key modulator of capsule export that facilitates A. pleuropneumoniae survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Diangang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxian Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Weicheng Bei,
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Liancheng Lei,
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14
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Jia Y, Hu H, Zhai Y, Zhao B, Sun H, Hu G, Pan Y, Yuan L. CpxR negatively regulates IncFII-replicon plasmid pEC011 conjugation by directly binding to multi-promoter regions. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Chen X, Shao Z, Wu L, He B, Yang W, Chen J, Jin E, Huang Q, Lei L, Xu J, Li H, Zhang H, Wan Y, Liu W, Zhou R. Involvement of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ompW Gene in Confrontation of Environmental Pressure. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846322. [PMID: 35664844 PMCID: PMC9161549 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pleuropneumonia. The function of the outer membrane protein W gene (ompW) of A. pleuropneumoniae has not been evaluated. Thus a deletion mutant of ompW, ΔompW, was constructed to explore the effect of ompW gene deletion on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, bacterial morphology, oxidative tolerance, susceptibility to antibiotics, and the expression of ribosome synthesis and ABC transporter related genes. Results showed that the ompW gene deletion did not affect biofilm formation and the growth of A. pleuropneumoniae but did affect bacterial morphology during steady growth, oxidative tolerance, and bacterial susceptibility to polymyxin B, kanamycin, and penicillin. The ompW gene deletion also affected the expression of ribosome synthesis and ABC transporter related genes. These results suggested that ompW may regulate the biological phenotype of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiabing Chen
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhai Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Erguang Jin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Wan
- Wuhan Animal Disease Control Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Wu Liu
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Rui Zhou
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16
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Gahlot DK, Wai SN, Erickson DL, Francis MS. Cpx-signalling facilitates Hms-dependent biofilm formation by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:13. [PMID: 35351893 PMCID: PMC8964730 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often reside in sessile communities called biofilms, where they adhere to a variety of surfaces and exist as aggregates in a viscous polymeric matrix. Biofilms are resistant to antimicrobial treatments, and are a major contributor to the persistence and chronicity of many bacterial infections. Herein, we determined that the CpxA-CpxR two-component system influenced the ability of enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to develop biofilms. Mutant bacteria that accumulated the active CpxR~P isoform failed to form biofilms on plastic or on the surface of the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. A failure to form biofilms on the worm surface prompted their survival when grown on the lawns of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Exopolysaccharide production by the hms loci is the major driver of biofilms formed by Yersinia. We used a number of molecular genetic approaches to demonstrate that active CpxR~P binds directly to the promoter regulatory elements of the hms loci to activate the repressors of hms expression and to repress the activators of hms expression. Consequently, active Cpx-signalling culminated in a loss of exopolysaccharide production. Hence, the development of Y. pseudotuberculosis biofilms on multiple surfaces is controlled by the Cpx-signalling, and at least in part this occurs through repressive effects on the Hms-dependent exopolysaccharide production.
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17
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Duan B, Peng W, Yan K, Liu F, Tang J, Yang F, Chen H, Yuan F, Bei W. The QseB/QseC two-component system contributes to virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by downregulating apf gene cluster transcription. ANIMAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the major pathogen of porcine contagious pleuropneumoniae (PCP). The QseB/QseC two-component system (TCS) consists of the regulator QseB and the kinase QseC, which relates to quorum sensing (QS) and virulence in some bacteria. Here, we investigated the role of QseB/QseC in apf gene cluster (apfABCD) expression of APP. Our results have showed that QseB/QseC TCS can potentially regulate the expression of apf gene cluster. The ΔqseBC, ΔapfA, ΔapfB, ΔapfC and ΔapfD strains are more sensitive to acidic and osmotic stressful conditions, and exhibite lower biofilm formation ability than wild-type (WT) strain, whereas the complemented strains show similar phenotype to the WT strain. In additon, the mutants have defective anti-phagocytosis, adhesion and invasion when they come into contact with the host cells. In experimental animal models of infection, mice infected with ΔqseBC, ΔapfA, ΔapfB, ΔapfC and ΔapfD strains showed lower mortality and bacterial loads in the lung and the blood than those infected with WT strain. In conclusion, our results suggest that QseB/QseC TCS contributes to stress resistance, biofilm formation, phagocytosis, adhesion, invasion and virulence by downregulating expression of apf gene cluster in A. pleuropneumoniae.
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18
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Cheng C, Liu F, Jin H, Xu X, Xu J, Deng S, Xia J, Han Y, Lei L, Zhang X, Song H. The DegU Orphan Response Regulator Contributes to Heat Stress Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:761335. [PMID: 34966695 PMCID: PMC8711649 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.761335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is more heat-resistant than most other non-spore-forming foodborne pathogens, posing a severe threat to food safety and human health, particularly during chilled food processing. The DegU orphan response regulator is known to control heat resistance in L. monocytogenes; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that DegU contributes to L. monocytogenes exponential growth under mild heat-shock stress. We further demonstrate that DegU directly senses heat stress through autoregulation and upregulates the hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ operon, leading to increased production of heat-shock proteins. We also show that DegU can directly regulate the expression of the hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ operon. In conclusion, our results shed light on the regulatory mechanisms underlying how DegU directly activates the hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ operon, thereby regulating heat resistance in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haobo Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangfei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simin Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Houhui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Fei K, Chao HJ, Hu Y, Francis MS, Chen S. CpxR regulates the Rcs phosphorelay system in controlling the Ysc-Yop type III secretion system in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 33295859 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The CpxRA two-component regulatory system and the Rcs phosphorelay system are both employed by the Enterobacteriaceae family to preserve bacterial envelope integrity and function when growing under stress. Although both systems regulate several overlapping physiological processes, evidence demonstrating a molecular connection between Cpx and Rcs signalling outputs is scarce. Here, we show that CpxR negatively regulates the transcription of the rcsB gene in the Rcs phosphorelay system in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Interestingly, transcription of rcsB is under the control of three promoters, which were all repressed by CpxR. Critically, synthetic activation of Cpx signalling through mislocalization of the NlpE lipoprotein to the inner membrane resulted in an active form of CpxR that repressed activity of rcsB promoters. On the other hand, a site-directed mutation of the phosphorylation site at residue 51 in CpxR generated an inactive non-phosphorylated variant that was unable to regulate output from these rcsB promoters. Importantly, CpxR-mediated inhibition of rcsB transcription in turn restricted activation of the Ysc-Yop type III secretion system (T3SS). Moreover, active CpxR blocks zinc-mediated activation of Rcs signalling and the subsequent activation of lcrF transcription. Our results demonstrate a novel regulatory cascade linking CpxR-RcsB-LcrF to control production of the Ysc-Yop T3SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Fei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Chao
- Present address: School of Biological & pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yangbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Matthew S Francis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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20
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Zhai YJ, Sun HR, Luo XW, Liu JH, Pan YS, Wu H, Yuan L, Liang J, He DD, Hu GZ. CpxR regulates the colistin susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium by a multitarget mechanism. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:2780-2786. [PMID: 32620947 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two-component signalling systems PmrAB and PhoPQ of Salmonella have been extensively studied with regard to colistin resistance. We previously showed that overexpressed CpxR could significantly increase the colistin susceptibility (16-fold compared with the WT strain) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) through PmrAB and PhoPQ. OBJECTIVES To identify the potential target genes of CpxR in PmrAB- and PhoPQ-related signalling pathways. METHODS His6-CpxR was prokaryotically expressed and purified by Ni-NTA resin affinity chromatography. β-Galactosidase activity assays were conducted to investigate whether CpxR could regulate the promoters of colistin resistance-related genes (CRRGs). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to further detect His6-CpxR complexes with promoters of CRRGs. RESULTS We demonstrated for the first time (to the best of our knowledge) that CpxR and the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump have reciprocal effects on CRRG transcription. Additionally, CpxR could regulate the colistin susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium by binding directly to the promoters of phoPQ, pmrC, pmrH and pmrD at the CpxR box-like sequences or indirectly through other regulators including pmrAB and mgrB. CONCLUSIONS CpxR could regulate the colistin susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium by a multitarget mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua-Run Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing-Wei Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shan Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Zhengzhou Animal Husbandry Bureau, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gong-Zheng Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Peng W, Yang X, Yan K, Chen H, Yuan F, Bei W. CopA Protects Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae against Copper Toxicity. Vet Microbiol 2021; 258:109122. [PMID: 34052743 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium causing porcine pleuropneumonia and severe economic losses in the global swine industry. The toxic trace element copper is required for many physiological and pathological processes in organisms. However, CopA, one of the most well-characterized P-type ATPases contributing to copper resistance, has not been characterized in A. pleuropneumoniae. We used quantitative PCR analysis to examine expression of the copA gene in A. pleuropneumoniae and investigated sequence conservation among serotypes and other Gram-negative bacteria. Growth characteristics were determined using growth curve analyses and spot dilution assays of the wild-type strain and a △copA mutant. We also used flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine intracellular copper content and examined the virulence of the △copA mutant in a mouse model. The copA expression was induced by copper, and its nucleotide sequence was highly conserved among different serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae. The amino acid sequence of CopA shared high identity with CopA sequences reported from several Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the △copA mutant exhibited impaired growth and had higher intracellular copper content compared with the wild-type strain when supplemented with copper. The mouse model revealed that CopA had no influence on the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that CopA is required for resistance of A. pleuropneumoniae to copper and protects A. pleuropneumoniae against copper toxicity via copper efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetically Engineered Veterinary Vaccines, Qingdao, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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22
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de Pina LC, da Silva FSH, Galvão TC, Pauer H, Ferreira RBR, Antunes LCM. The role of two-component regulatory systems in environmental sensing and virulence in Salmonella. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:397-434. [PMID: 33751923 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1895067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to environments with constant fluctuations imposes challenges that are only overcome with sophisticated strategies that allow bacteria to perceive environmental conditions and develop an appropriate response. The gastrointestinal environment is a complex ecosystem that is home to trillions of microorganisms. Termed microbiota, this microbial ensemble plays important roles in host health and provides colonization resistance against pathogens, although pathogens have evolved strategies to circumvent this barrier. Among the strategies used by bacteria to monitor their environment, one of the most important are the sensing and signalling machineries of two-component systems (TCSs), which play relevant roles in the behaviour of all bacteria. Salmonella enterica is no exception, and here we present our current understanding of how this important human pathogen uses TCSs as an integral part of its lifestyle. We describe important aspects of these systems, such as the stimuli and responses involved, the processes regulated, and their roles in virulence. We also dissect the genomic organization of histidine kinases and response regulators, as well as the input and output domains for each TCS. Lastly, we explore how these systems may be promising targets for the development of antivirulence therapeutics to combat antibiotic-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucindo Cardoso de Pina
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciência para o Desenvolvimento, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Teca Calcagno Galvão
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heidi Pauer
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - L Caetano M Antunes
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Nahar N, Turni C, Tram G, Blackall PJ, Atack JM. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: The molecular determinants of virulence and pathogenesis. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:179-216. [PMID: 34147185 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is responsible for high economic losses in swine herds across the globe. Pleuropneumonia is characterized by severe respiratory distress and high mortality. The knowledge about the interaction between bacterium and host within the porcine respiratory tract has improved significantly in recent years. A. pleuropneumoniae expresses multiple virulence factors, which are required for colonization, immune clearance, and tissue damage. Although vaccines are used to protect swine herds against A. pleuropneumoniae infection, they do not offer complete coverage, and often only protect against the serovar, or serovars, used to prepare the vaccine. This review will summarize the role of individual A. pleuropneumoniae virulence factors that are required during key stages of pathogenesis and disease progression, and highlight progress made toward developing effective and broadly protective vaccines against an organism of great importance to global agriculture and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Nahar
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Greg Tram
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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24
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Coulson TJD, Malenfant RM, Patten CL. Characterization of the TyrR Regulon in the Rhizobacterium Enterobacter ludwigii UW5 Reveals Overlap with the CpxR Envelope Stress Response. J Bacteriol 2020; 203:e00313-20. [PMID: 33046562 PMCID: PMC7723952 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00313-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The TyrR transcription factor controls the expression of genes for the uptake and biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in Escherichia coli In the plant-associated and clinically significant proteobacterium Enterobacter ludwigii UW5, the TyrR orthologue was previously shown to regulate genes that encode enzymes for synthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid and for gluconeogenesis, indicating a broader function for the transcription factor. This study aimed to delineate the TyrR regulon of E. ludwigii by comparing the transcriptomes of the wild type and a tyrR deletion strain. In E. ludwigii, TyrR positively or negatively regulates the expression of over 150 genes. TyrR downregulated expression of envelope stress response regulators CpxR and CpxP through interaction with a DNA binding site in the intergenic region between divergently transcribed cpxP and cpxR Repression of cpxP was alleviated by tyrosine. Methyltransferase gene dmpM, which is possibly involved in antibiotic synthesis, was strongly activated in the presence of tyrosine and phenylalanine by TyrR binding to its promoter region. TyrR also regulated expression of genes for aromatic catabolism and anaerobic respiration. Our findings suggest that the E. ludwigii TyrR regulon has diverged from that of E. coli to include genes for survival in the diverse environments that this bacterium inhabits and illustrate the expansion and plasticity of transcription factor regulons.IMPORTANCE Genome-wide RNA sequencing revealed a broader regulatory role for the TyrR transcription factor in the ecologically versatile bacterium Enterobacter ludwigii beyond that of aromatic amino acid synthesis and transport that constitute the role of the TyrR regulon of E. coli In E. ludwigii, a plant symbiont and human gut commensal, the TyrR regulon is expanded to include genes that are beneficial for plant interactions and response to stresses. Identification of the genes regulated by TyrR provides insight into the mechanisms by which the bacterium adapts to its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J D Coulson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - René M Malenfant
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Patten
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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25
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Crispim JS, da Silva TF, Sanches NM, da Silva GC, Pereira MF, Rossi CC, Li Y, Terra VS, Vohra P, Wren BW, Langford PR, Bossé JT, Bazzolli DMS. Serovar-dependent differences in Hfq-regulated phenotypes inActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5936557. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe RNA chaperone Hfq regulates diverse processes in numerous bacteria. In this study, we compared phenotypes (growth rate, adherence, response to different stress conditions and virulence in Galleria mellonella) of wild-type (WT) and isogenic hfq mutants of three serovars (1, 8 and 15) of the porcine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Similar growth in rich broth was seen for all strains except Ap1∆hfq, which showed slightly reduced growth throughout the 24 h time course, and the complemented Ap8∆hfqC mutant had a prolonged lag phase. Differences were seen between the three serovar WT strains regarding adherence, stress response and virulence in G. mellonella, and deletion of hfq affected some, but not all of these phenotypes, depending on serovar. Complementation by expression of cloned hfq from an endogenous promoter only restored some WT phenotypes, indicating that complex regulatory networks may be involved, and that levels of Hfq may be as important as presence/absence of the protein regarding its contribution to gene regulation. Our results support that Hfq is a pleiotropic global regulator in A. pleuropneumoniae, but serovar-related differences exist. These results highlight the importance of testing multiple strains/serovars within a given species when determining contributions of global regulators, such as Hfq, to expression of complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josicelli Souza Crispim
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Thyara Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Newton Moreno Sanches
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Giarlã Cunha da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Vanessa Sofia Terra
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Prerna Vohra
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
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26
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A CpxR-Regulated zapD Gene Involved in Biofilm Formation of Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00207-20. [PMID: 32284373 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00207-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis, a frequent uropathogen, forms extensive biofilms on catheters that are infamously difficult to treat. To explore the mechanisms of biofilm formation by P. mirabilis, we performed in vivo transposon mutagenesis. A mutant with impaired biofilm formation was isolated. The mutant was found to have Tn5 inserted in the zapD gene, encoding an outer membrane protein of the putative type 1 secretion system ZapBCD. zapBCD and its upstream zapA gene, encoding a protease, constitute an operon under the control of CpxR, a two-component regulator. The cpxR mutant and zapA mutant strains also had a biofilm-forming defect. CpxR positively regulates the promoter activities of zapABCD, cpxP, and cpxR An electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that CpxR binds zapA promoter DNA. The loss of zapD reduced CpxR-regulated gene expression of cpxR, zapA, cpxP, and mrpA, the mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbrial major subunit gene. The restoration of biofilm formation in the zapD mutant with a CpxR-expressing plasmid reinforces the idea that CpxR-mediated gene expression contributes to zapD-involved biofilm formation. In trans expression of zapBCD from a zapBCD-expressing plasmid also reestablished the biofilm formation ability of the cpxR mutant to a certain level. The zapD and cpxR mutants had significantly lower protease activity, adhesion, and autoaggregation ability and production of exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) than did the wild type. Finally, we identified copper as a signal for CpxR to increase biofilm formation. The loss of cpxR or zapD abolished the copper-mediated biofilm upshift. CpxR was required for copper-induced expression of zapA and cpxR Taken together, these data highlight the important role of CpxR-regulated zapD in biofilm formation and the underlying mechanisms in P. mirabilis.
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27
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Yan K, Liu T, Duan B, Liu F, Cao M, Peng W, Dai Q, Chen H, Yuan F, Bei W. The CpxAR Two-Component System Contributes to Growth, Stress Resistance, and Virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by Upregulating wecA Transcription. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1026. [PMID: 32528444 PMCID: PMC7255013 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the pathogen of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia. In A. pleuropneumoniae, the CpxAR two-component system is essential for fitness and growth. The O-antigen protrudes from the outer membrane to the exterior of the cell, and the outer membrane serves as a barrier that helps the bacteria to survive in harsh environments. WecA, a undecaprenyl phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase, is involved in O-antigen repeating unit biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the role of CpxAR in the expression of wecA in A. pleuropneumoniae. Our results revealed that CpxR positively regulates wecA expression by directly binding to the putative promoter region of wecA. Wild-type, ΔcpxAR, ΔwecA, and complemented strains were investigated under serum, oxidative, and osmotic stresses. The ΔcpxAR and ΔwecA strains were more susceptible to these stresses than the wild-type, but the complemented strains showed phenotypes similar to those of the wild-type. Mice infected with the ΔcpxAR and ΔwecA strains exhibited lower mortality and bacterial loads in the lung than those infected with the wild-type or complemented strains. This study reveals that the CpxAR two-component system contributes to A. pleuropneumoniae growth, stress resistance, and virulence, by upregulating expression of wecA. Our findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Benzhen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manman Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetically Engineered Veterinary Vaccines, Qingdao, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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28
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Mohammed M, Mekala LP, Chintalapati S, Chintalapati VR. New insights into aniline toxicity: Aniline exposure triggers envelope stress and extracellular polymeric substance formation in Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121571. [PMID: 31753663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aniline is a major environmental pollutant of serious concern due to its toxicity. Although microbial metabolism of aniline is well-studied, its toxic effects and physiological responses of microorganisms to aniline are largely unexplored. Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2, an aniline non-degrading bacterium, tolerates high concentrations of aniline and produces extracellular polymeric substance(EPS). Surprisingly, strain JA2 forms EPS only when exposed to aniline and other toxic compounds like organic solvents and heavy metals indicating that EPS formation is coupled to cell toxicity. Further, extensive reanalysis of the previous proteomic data of aniline exposed cells revealed up-regulation of envelope stress response(ESR) proteins such as periplasmic protein folding, envelope integrity, transmembrane complex, and cell-wall remodelling proteins. In silico analysis and molecular modeling of three highly up-regulated proteins revealed that these proteins were homologous to CpxARP proteins of ESR signalling pathway. Furthermore, EPS formation to known ESR activators(Triton-X-100, EDTA) suggests that envelope stress possibly regulating the EPS production. The present study suggests that aniline triggers envelope stress; to counter this strain JA2 activates ESR pathway and EPS production. Our study revealed the hitherto unknown toxic effects of aniline as an acute envelope stressor thus toxicity of aniline may be more profound to life-forms than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Mohammed
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Lakshmi Prasuna Mekala
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Sasikala Chintalapati
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Center for Environment, IST, JNT University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India
| | - Venkata Ramana Chintalapati
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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Role of CpxR in Biofilm Development: Expression of Key Fimbrial, O-Antigen and Virulence Operons of Salmonella Enteritidis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205146. [PMID: 31627387 PMCID: PMC6829429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is a non-typhoidal serovar of great public health significance worldwide. The RpoE sigma factor and CpxRA two-component system are the major regulators of the extracytoplasmic stress response. In this study, we found that the CpxR has highly significant, but opposite effects on the auto-aggregation and swarming motility of S. Enteritidis. Auto-aggregation was negatively affected in the ∆cpxR mutant, whereas the same mutant significantly out-performed its wild-type counterpart with respect to swarming motility, indicating that the CpxR plays a role in biofilm-associated phenotypes. Indeed, biofilm-related assays showed that the CpxR is of critical importance in biofilm development under both static (microtiter plate) and dynamic (flow cell) media flow conditions. In contrast, the RpoE sigma factor showed no significant role in biofilm development under dynamic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the cpxR mutation negatively affected the constitutive expression of the operons critical for biosynthesis of O-antigen and adherence, but positively affected the expression of virulence genes critical for Salmonella-mediated endocytosis. Conversely, CpxR induced the expression of curli csgAB and fimbrial stdAC operons only during biofilm development and flagellar motAB and fliL operons exclusively during the planktonic phase, indicating a responsive biofilm-associated loop of the CpxR regulator.
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Zhang Q, Huang Q, Fang Q, Li H, Tang H, Zou G, Wang D, Li S, Bei W, Chen H, Li L, Zhou R. Identification of genes regulated by the two-component system response regulator NarP of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae via DNA-affinity-purified sequencing. Microbiol Res 2019; 230:126343. [PMID: 31539852 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the direct target genes of response regulators (RRs) of a bacterial two-component system (TCS) is critical to understand the roles of TCS in bacterial environmental adaption and pathogenesis. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important respiratory bacterial pathogen that causes considerable economic losses to swine industry worldwide. The targets of A. pleuropneumoniae NarP (nitrate/nitrite RR), which is the cognate RR of the nitrate/nitrite sensor histidine kinase NarQ, are still unknown. In the present study, a DNA-affinity-purified sequencing (DAP-Seq) approach was established. The upstream regions of a total of 131 candidate genes from the genome of A. pleuropneumoniae were co-purified with the activated NarP protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) results confirmed the interactions of NarP with the promoter regions of five selected target genes, including dmsA, pgaA, ftpA, cstA and ushA. The EMSA-confirmed target genes were significantly up-regulated in the narP-deleted mutant in the presence of additional nitrate, whilst the transcriptional changes were restored in the complemented strain. The NarP binding motif in the upstream regions of the target genes dmsA and ftpA were further identified and confirmed by EMSA using the truncated binding motif. The NarP binding sites were present in a total of 25.2% of the DNA fragments captured by DAP-Seq. These results demonstrated that the established DAP-Seq method is effective for exploring the direct targets of RRs of bacterial TCSs and that the A. pleuropneumoniae NarP could be a repressor in response to nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Yi Z, Wang D, Xin S, Zhou D, Li T, Tian M, Qi J, Ding C, Wang S, Yu S. The CpxR regulates type VI secretion system 2 expression and facilitates the interbacterial competition activity and virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Res 2019; 50:40. [PMID: 31126325 PMCID: PMC6534853 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic infections caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are economically devastating to poultry industries worldwide and are also potentially threatening to human health. Pathogens must be able to precisely modulate gene expression to facilitate their survival and the successful infection. The Cpx two-component signal transduction system (TCS) regulates surface structure assembly and virulence factors implicated in Gram-negative bacterial pathogenesis. However, the roles of the Cpx TCS in bacterial fitness and pathogenesis during APEC infection are not completely understood. Here, we show that the Cpx TCS response regulator CpxR is critical to the survival and virulence of APEC. Inactivation of cpxR leads to significant defects in the interbacterial competition activity, invasion and survival of APEC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, activation of CpxR positive regulates the expression of the APEC type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2). Further investigations revealed that phosphorylated CpxR directly bound to the T6SS2 hcp2B promoter region. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CpxR contributes to the pathogensis of APEC at least through directly regulating the expression and function of T6SS2. This study broadens understanding of the regulatory effect of Cpx TCS, thus elucidating the mechanisms through which Cpx TCS involved in bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Yi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Suhua Xin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dongliang Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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32
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Thanikkal EJ, Gahlot DK, Liu J, Fredriksson Sundbom M, Gurung JM, Ruuth K, Francis MK, Obi IR, Thompson KM, Chen S, Dersch P, Francis MS. The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Cpx envelope stress system contributes to transcriptional activation of rovM. Virulence 2019; 10:37-57. [PMID: 30518290 PMCID: PMC6298763 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1556151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis possesses a number of regulatory systems that detect cell envelope damage caused by noxious extracytoplasmic stresses. The CpxA sensor kinase and CpxR response regulator two-component regulatory system is one such pathway. Active Cpx signalling upregulates various factors designed to repair and restore cell envelope integrity. Concomitantly, this pathway also down-regulates key determinants of virulence. In Yersinia, cpxA deletion accumulates high levels of phosphorylated CpxR (CpxR~P). Accumulated CpxR~P directly repressed rovA expression and this limited expression of virulence-associated processes. A second transcriptional regulator, RovM, also negatively regulates rovA expression in response to nutrient stress. Hence, this study aimed to determine if CpxR~P can influence rovA expression through control of RovM levels. We determined that the active CpxR~P isoform bound to the promoter of rovM and directly induced its expression, which naturally associated with a concurrent reduction in rovA expression. Site-directed mutagenesis of the CpxR~P binding sequence in the rovM promoter region desensitised rovM expression to CpxR~P. These data suggest that accumulated CpxR~P inversely manipulates the levels of two global transcriptional regulators, RovA and RovM, and this would be expected to have considerable influence on Yersinia pathophysiology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin J Thanikkal
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b Umeå Centre for Microbial Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Dharmender K Gahlot
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b Umeå Centre for Microbial Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Junfa Liu
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b Umeå Centre for Microbial Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | | | - Jyoti M Gurung
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b Umeå Centre for Microbial Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b Umeå Centre for Microbial Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Monika K Francis
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b Umeå Centre for Microbial Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Ikenna R Obi
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b Umeå Centre for Microbial Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Karl M Thompson
- c Department of Microbiology , College of Medicine, Howard University , Washington , DC , USA.,d Interdisciplinary Research Building , Howard University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Shiyun Chen
- e Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety , Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Petra Dersch
- f Department of Molecular Infection Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Matthew S Francis
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,b Umeå Centre for Microbial Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
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Zhou Y, Huang L, Ji S, Hou S, Luo L, Li C, Liu M, Liu Y, Jiang L. Structural Basis for the Inhibition of the Autophosphorylation Activity of HK853 by Luteolin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050933. [PMID: 30866470 PMCID: PMC6429454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-component system (TCS) is a significant signal transduction system for bacteria to adapt to complicated and variable environments, and thus has recently been regarded as a novel target for developing antibacterial agents. The natural product luteolin (Lut) can inhibit the autophosphorylation activity of the typical histidine kinase (HK) HK853 from Thermotoga maritime, but the inhibition mechanism is not known. Herein, we report on the binding mechanism of a typical flavone with HK853 by using solution NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular docking. We show that luteolin inhibits the activity of HK853 by occupying the binding pocket of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) through hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interaction structurally. Our results reveal a detailed mechanism for the inhibition of flavones and observe the conformational and dynamics changes of HK. These results should provide a feasible approach for antibacterial agent design from the view of the histidine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center of Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Liqun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center of Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shixia Ji
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center of Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shi Hou
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design and Discovery, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Liang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center of Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center of Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center of Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center of Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center of Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Li T, Zhang Q, Wang R, Zhang S, Pei J, Li Y, Li L, Zhou R. The roles of flp1 and tadD in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae pilus biosynthesis and pathogenicity. Microb Pathog 2019; 126:310-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Mechaly AE, Haouz A, Sassoon N, Buschiazzo A, Betton JM, Alzari PM. Conformational plasticity of the response regulator CpxR, a key player in Gammaproteobacteria virulence and drug-resistance. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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36
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Liu F, Peng W, Liu T, Zhao H, Yan K, Yuan F, Chen H, Bei W. Biological role of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae type IV pilus proteins encoded by the apf and pil operons. Vet Microbiol 2018; 224:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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