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Jandl B, Dighe S, Baumgartner M, Makristathis A, Gasche C, Muttenthaler M. Gastrointestinal Biofilms: Endoscopic Detection, Disease Relevance, and Therapeutic Strategies. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05054-6. [PMID: 38876174 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal biofilms are highly heterogenic and spatially organized polymicrobial communities that can expand and cover large areas in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, mucus disruption, and epithelial invasion are associated with pathogenic biofilms that have been linked to gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, gastric cancer, and colon cancer. Intestinal biofilms are highly prevalent in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome patients, and most endoscopists will have observed such biofilms during colonoscopy, maybe without appreciating their biological and clinical importance. Gut biofilms have a protective extracellular matrix that renders them challenging to treat, and effective therapies are yet to be developed. This review covers gastrointestinal biofilm formation, growth, appearance and detection, biofilm architecture and signalling, human host defence mechanisms, disease and clinical relevance of biofilms, therapeutic approaches, and future perspectives. Critical knowledge gaps and open research questions regarding the biofilm's exact pathophysiological relevance and key hurdles in translating therapeutic advances into the clinic are discussed. Taken together, this review summarizes the status quo in gut biofilm research and provides perspectives and guidance for future research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maximillian Baumgartner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Alhubail M, McBain AJ, O'Neill CA. A survey of multiple candidate probiotic bacteria reveals specificity in the ability to modify the effects of key wound pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0034724. [PMID: 38700333 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00347-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the inhibitory effects of supernatants and lysates derived from several candidate probiotics, on the growth and biofilm formation of wound pathogens, and their ability to protect human primary epidermal keratinocytes from the toxic effects of pathogens. Supernatants (neutralized and non-neutralized) and lysates (via sonication) from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 were tested for their inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanni. The supernatants of L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, B. longum, and L. rhamnosus GG reduced the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, and A. baumanni. B. longum additionally inhibited P. aeruginosa growth. However, neutralized Lactobacillus supernatants did not inhibit growth and in some cases were stimulatory. Lysates of L. plantarum and L. reuteri inhibited S. pyogenes while B. longum lysates inhibited E. coli and S. aureus growth. E. coli Nissle 1917 lysates enhanced the growth of S. pyogenes and P. aeruginosa. Biofilm formation by E. coli was reduced by lysates of L. reuteri and neutralized supernatants of all candidate probiotics. P. aeruginosa biofilm formation was reduced by E. coli Nissle supernatant but increased by L. plantarum, L. reuteri, and Bifidobacterium longum lysates. L. reuteri decreased the toxic effects of S. aureus on keratinocytes while E. coli Nissle 1917 lysates protected keratinocytes from S. pyogenes toxicity. In conclusion, lactobacilli and E. coli Nissle lysates confer inhibitory effects on pathogenic growth independently of acidification and may beneficially alter the outcome of interactions between host cell-pathogen in a species-specific manner.IMPORTANCEOne of the attributes of probiotics is their ability to inhibit pathogens. For this reason, many lactobacilli have been investigated for their effects as potential topical therapeutics against skin pathogens. However, this field is in its infancy. Even though probiotics are known to be safe when taken orally, the potential safety concerns when applied to potentially compromised skin are unknown. For this reason, we believe that extracts of probiotics will offer advantages over the use of live bacteria. In this study, we have surveyed five candidate probiotics, when used as extracts, in terms of their effects against common wound pathogens. Our data demonstrate that some probiotic extracts promote the growth of pathogens and highlight the need for careful selection of species and strains when probiotics are to be used topically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Alhubail
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Faculty of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Castaño-Henao L, Mendez DFG, Egan S, Sanabria J. Changes in groundwater and surface water bacterial communities under disinfection processes: Chlorination, ozonization, photo-fenton and ultraviolet radiation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 7:100244. [PMID: 38974672 PMCID: PMC11225702 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria, introduced in water sources through faecal contamination, have traditionally been investigated as individual species, leading to the establishment of microbial, sanitary, and environmental quality indicators. Recent advancements in our understanding of the microbiome and its intricate interactions within the human-microbiome-environment network advocate for a broader evaluation of the impact of disinfection on the entire microbial community. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive screening experiment involving four disinfection processes; ozone, ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths between 200 - 280 nm (UV-C), photo-Fenton, and chlorination, applied to two distinct water sources; surface (SW) and groundwater (GW). The cells that remained viable after treatment were recovered using Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for their identification. Our findings confirmed the presence of faecal contamination in the water sources and revealed distinct effects of each treatment on the recovered bacterial populations. The chlorination of groundwater samples likely had a greater impact on bacteria in a vegetative state than on spores. Consequently, this led to a higher abundance in the BHI cultures of sporulating bacteria such as Bacillus (increasing from 0.36 to 93.62 %), while ozonation led to an elevated recovery of Pseudomonas (increasing from 45.2 to 69.9 %). Conversely, in surface water, calcium hypochlorite and ozone treatments favored the selection of Staphylococcus and Bacillus, whose relative abundance in the cultures increased from 0 to 39.22 % and from 0.35 to 96.6 %, respectively. In groundwater, Pseudomonas was resistant to UV-C radiation and their relative abundance increased from 45.2 % to 93.56 %, while photo-Fenton was effective against this bacterial group decreasing its relative abundance to 0.46 %. However, other genera such as Bacteroides, Aeromonas, and Citrobacter seemed to be less injured by this disinfection process. BHI broth was successful in recovering various bacterial groups that exhibited resistance to sublethal water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Castaño-Henao
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Universidad del Valle - Mélendez Campus, Calle 13 # 100 -00, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Siobhon Egan
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Janeth Sanabria
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, Engineering School of Environmental & Natural Resources, Universidad del Valle - Mélendez Campus, Calle 13 # 100 -00, Cali, Colombia
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Algburi AR, Jassim SM, Popov IV, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Lactobacillus acidophilus VB1 co-aggregates and inhibits biofilm formation of chronic otitis media-associated pathogens. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01363-5. [PMID: 38789905 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus, alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin, against otitis media-associated bacteria. L. acidophilus cells were isolated from Vitalactic B (VB), a commercially available probiotic product containing two lactobacilli species, L. acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) plantarum. The pathogenic bacterial samples were provided by Al-Shams Medical Laboratory (Baqubah, Iraq). Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing for 16 antibiotics were performed using the VITEK2 system. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin was also determined. The antimicrobial activity of L. acidophilus VB1 cell-free supernatant (La-CFS) was evaluated alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin using a checkerboard assay. Our data showed significant differences in the synergistic activity when La-CFS was combined with ciprofloxacin, in comparison to the use of each compound alone, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa SM17 and Proteus mirabilis SM42. However, an antagonistic effect was observed for the combination against Staphylococcus aureus SM23 and Klebsiella pneumoniae SM9. L. acidophilus VB1 was shown to significantly co-aggregate with the pathogenic bacteria, and the highest co-aggregation percentage was observed after 24 h of incubation. The anti-biofilm activities of CFS and biosurfactant (BS) of L. acidophilus VB1 were evaluated, and we found that the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration that inhibits 50% of bacterial biofilm (MBIC50) of La-CFS was significantly lower than MBIC50 of La-BS against the tested pathogenic bacterial species. Lactobacillus acidophilus, isolated from Vitane Vitalactic B capsules, demonstrated promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities against otitis media pathogens, highlighting its potential as an effective complementary/alternative therapeutic strategy to control bacterial ear infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar R Algburi
- Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Medicine College, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Shireen M Jassim
- Alkhalis Section for Primary Care/Thoracic and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Alkhalis, Iraq
| | - Igor V Popov
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University-Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands.
- Agrobiotechnology Center and Faculty "Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine", Don State Technical University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia.
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Federal Territory Sirius, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation.
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Agrobiotechnology Center and Faculty "Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine", Don State Technical University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Maitreya A, Qureshi A. Genomic and phenotypic characterisation of Enterococcus mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 for its anti-biofilm, antimicrobial and probiotic potential. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:84. [PMID: 38296886 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 isolated from biofouled filtration membrane was characterised as a potential probiotic bacterium showing strong L-lactic acid-producing capability. Experimental studies revealed that E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 possess antibiofilm and antimicrobial ability too, as tested against strong biofilm-forming bacteria like Pseudomonas spp. The present study has evaluated the genetic potential of E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 through genome sequencing. Whole genome analysis revealed the presence of key genes like ldh_1 and ldh_2 responsible for lactic acid production along with genes encoding probiotic features such as acid and bile salt resistance (dnaK, dnaJ, argS), fatty acid synthesis (fabD, fabE) and lactose utilisation (lacG, lacD). The phylogenomic analysis based on OrthoANI (99.85%) and dDDH (96.8%) values revealed that the strain AM_AQ_BC8 shared the highest homology with E. mundtii. The genome sequence of strain AM_AQ_BC8 has been deposited to NCBI and released with GenBank accession no. SAMN32531201. The study primarily demonstrated the probiotic potential of E. mundtii AM_AQ_BC8 isolate, for L-lactate synthesis in high concentration (8.98 g/L/day), which also showed anti-biofilm and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Maitreya
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asifa Qureshi
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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6
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Sharma A, Rashid M, Chauhan P, Kaur S, Kaur A. In vitro antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential of an endophytic Schizophyllum commune. AMB Express 2024; 14:10. [PMID: 38245627 PMCID: PMC10799838 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens is one of the major health concerns facing mankind as different bacterial strains have developed resistance to antibiotics over the period of time due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Besides this, ability to form biofilms is another major factor contributing to antibiotic resistance, which has necessitated the need for exploration for novel and effective compounds with ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Endophytic fungi are reported to exhibit antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential and could serve as a potent source of novel antibacterial compounds. Majority of the bioactivities have been reported from fungi belonging to phylum Ascomycota. Endophytic basidiomycetes, inspite of their profound ability to serve as a source of bioactive compounds have not been exploited extensively. In present study, an attempt was made to assess the antibacterial, anti-biofilm and biofilm dispersion potential of an endophytic basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune procured from the culture collection of our lab. Ethyl acetate extract of S. commune showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio cholerae. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract were in the range of 1.25-10 mg/ml against the tested bacterial pathogens. The mode of action was determined to be bactericidal which was further confirmed by time kill studies. Good anti-biofilm activity of S. commune extract was recorded against K. pneumoniae and S. enterica, which was further validated by fluorescence microscopy. The present study highlights the importance of endophytic basidiomycetes as source of therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Muzamil Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Kaur S, Sharma P, Mayer MJ, Neuert S, Narbad A, Kaur S. Beneficial effects of GABA-producing potential probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum L18 of human origin on intestinal permeability and human gut microbiota. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:256. [PMID: 38087304 PMCID: PMC10717626 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid with neuroinhibitory, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive properties and is used as a drug for treating anxiety and depression. Some strains of lactobacilli are known to produce GABA and strengthen the gut barrier function which play an important role in ameliorating the effects caused by the pathogen on the gut barrier. The probiotic bacteria are also known to modulate the human fecal microbiota, however, the role of GABA-producing strains on the gut epithelium permeability and gut microbiota is not known. RESULTS In this study, we report the production of high levels of GABA by potential probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus fermentum L18 for the first time. The kinetics of the production of GABA by L18 showed that the maximum production of GABA in the culture supernatant (CS) occurred at 24 h, whereas in fermented milk it took 48 h of fermentation. The effect of L18 on the restoration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-disrupted intestinal cell membrane permeability in Caco-2 monolayers showed that it significantly restored the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, by significantly increasing the levels of junction proteins, occludin and E-cadherin in L18 and LPS-treated Caco-2 cells as compared to only LPS-treated cells. The effect of GABA-secreting L18 on the metataxonome of human stool samples from healthy individuals was investigated by a batch fermentor that mimics the conditions of the human colon. Although, no differences were observed in the α and β diversities of the L18-treated and untreated samples at 24 h, the relative abundances of bacterial families Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae increased in the L18-treated group, but both decreased in the untreated groups. On the other hand, the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae decreased in the L18 samples but it increased in the untreated samples. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Li. fermentum L18 is a promising GABA-secreting strain that strengthens the gut epithelial barrier by increasing junction protein concentrations and positively modulating the gut microbiota. It has the potential to be used as a psychobiotic or for the production of functional foods for the management of anxiety-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Melinda J Mayer
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Saskia Neuert
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- East Genomics Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals Genomic Laboratory, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Liu JY, Jia JJ, Liu M, Duan H, Hu ML, Liu C, Xue RY, Jin ZL, Zhang SS, Li GC, Feng R, Jin Z, Li HB, He L. A novel indolylbenzoquinone compound HL-J6 suppresses biofilm formation and α-toxin secretion in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106972. [PMID: 37741585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is challenging due to multi-drug resistance of strains and biofilm formation, the latter of which is an important barrier to the penetration of antibiotics and host defences. As such, there is an urgent need to discover and develop novel agents to fight MRSA-associated infection. In this study, HL-J6, a novel indolylbenzoquinone compound, was shown to inhibit S. aureus strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration against MRSA252 of 2 µg/mL. Moreover, HL-J6 exhibited potent antibiofilm activity in vitro and was able to kill bacteria in biofilm. In the mouse models of wound infection, HL-J6 treatment reduced the MRSA load significantly and inhibited biofilm formation on the wounds. The potent targets of its antibiofilm activity were explored by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain rection, which indicated that HL-J6 downregulated the transcription levels of sarA, atlAE and icaADBC. Moreover, Western blot results showed that HL-J6 reduced the secretion level of α-toxin, a major virulence factor. These findings indicate that HL-J6 is a promising lead compound for the development of novel drugs against MRSA biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Duan
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ruo-Yi Xue
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zi-Li Jin
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Li
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rang Feng
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drugs and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ajibola OO, Thomas R, Bakare BF. Selected fermented indigenous vegetables and fruits from Malaysia as potential sources of natural probiotics for improving gut health. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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10
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Palandurkar GS, Kumar S. Biofilm's Impact on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e45510. [PMID: 37868553 PMCID: PMC10585119 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The colon has a large surface area covered with a thick mucus coating. Colon's biomass consists of about 1,012 colony-forming units per gram of feces and 500-1,000 distinct bacterial species. The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) indicates the collection of intestinal illnesses in which the digestive system (esophagus, large intestine, mouth, stomach, and small intestine) experiences persistent inflammation. IBD development is influenced by environmental (infections, stress, and nutrition) and genetic factors. The microbes present in gut microbiota help maintain intestinal homeostasis and support immune and epithelial cell growth, differentiation, as well as proliferation. It has been discovered that a variety of variables and microorganisms are crucial for the development of biofilms and mucosal colonization during IBD. An extracellular matrix formed by bacteria supports biofilm production in our digestive system and harms the host's immunological response. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and IBD considerably affect human socioeconomic well-being and the standard of living. IBD is a serious public health issue, affecting millions of people across the globe. The gut microbiome may significantly influence IBS pathogenesis, even though few diagnostic and treatment options are available. As a result, current research focuses more on disrupting biofilm in IBD patients and stresses primarily on drugs that help improve the quality of life for human well-being. We evaluate studies on IBD and bacterial biofilm to add fresh insights into the existing state of knowledge of biofilm formation in IBD, incidence of IBD patients, molecular level of investigations, bacteria that are involved in the formation of biofilm, and present and down the line regimens and probiotics. Planning advanced ways to control and eradicate bacteria in biofilms should be the primary goal to add fresh insights into generating innovative diagnostic and alternative therapy options for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal S Palandurkar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Elebeedy D, Ghanem A, Aly SH, Ali MA, Faraag AHI, El-Ashrey MK, salem AM, Hassab MAE, Maksoud AIAE. Synergistic antiviral activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Glycyrrhiza glabra against Herpes Simplex-1 Virus (HSV-1) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV): experimental and In Silico insights. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:173. [PMID: 37391715 PMCID: PMC10311774 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of different viral infections calls for the development of new, effective, and safe antiviral drugs. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a well-known herbal remedy possessing antiviral properties. OBJECTIVE The objective of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed combination of the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and G. glabra root extract against two viral models, namely the DNA virus Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and the RNA virus Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), with regards to their antiviral properties. METHODOLOGY To examine the antiviral impacts of various treatments, we employed the MTT assay and real-time PCR methodology. RESULTS The findings of our study indicate that the co-administration of L. acidophilus and G. glabra resulted in a significant improvement in the survival rate of Vero cells, while also leading to a reduction in the titers of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in comparison to cells that were not treated. Additionally, an investigation was conducted on glycyrrhizin, the primary constituent of G. glabra extract, utilizing molecular docking techniques. The results indicated that glycyrrhizin exhibited a greater binding energy score for HSV-1 polymerase (- 22.45 kcal/mol) and VSV nucleocapsid (- 19.77 kcal/mol) in comparison to the cocrystallized ligand (- 13.31 and - 11.44 kcal/mol, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The combination of L. acidophilus and G. glabra extract can be used to develop a new, natural antiviral agent that is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Elebeedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
| | - Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. I. Faraag
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795 Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman Inter-National University, Ras Sudr, Egypt
| | - Aya M. salem
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman Inter-National University, Ras Sudr, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Monufia, Egypt
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12
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González-Magallanes B, Magaña-Guerrero FS, Bautista-de Lucio VM, Hernández-Gómez JG, Salas-Lais AG, Hernández-Sánchez H. Production of Reactive Oxygen (ROS) and Nitrogen (RNS) Species in Macrophages J774A.1 Activated by the Interaction between Two Escherichia coli Pathotypes and Two Probiotic Commercial Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1644. [PMID: 37512817 PMCID: PMC10384748 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics play an important role against infectious pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), mainly through the production of antimicrobial compounds and their immunomodulatory effect. This protection can be detected both on the live probiotic microorganisms and in their inactive forms (paraprobiotics). Probiotics may affect different cells involved in immunity, such as macrophages. Macrophages are activated through contact with microorganisms or their products (lipopolysaccharides, endotoxins or cell walls). The aim of this work was the evaluation of the effect of two probiotic bacteria (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 on macrophage cell line J774A.1 when challenged with two pathogenic strains of E. coli. Macrophage activation was revealed through the detection of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species by flow cytometry. The effect varied depending on the kind of probiotic preparation (immunobiotic, paraprobiotic or postbiotic) and on the strain of E. coli (enterohemorrhagic or enteropathogenic). A clear immunomodulatory effect was observed in all cases. A higher production of ROS compared with RNS was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice González-Magallanes
- Unidad de Investigación del Instituto de Oftalmología "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana I.A.P.", Chimalpopoca 14, Obrera, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Wilfrido Massieu Av. C.P., Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Fátima Sofía Magaña-Guerrero
- Unidad de Investigación del Instituto de Oftalmología "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana I.A.P.", Chimalpopoca 14, Obrera, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Victor Manuel Bautista-de Lucio
- Unidad de Investigación del Instituto de Oftalmología "Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana I.A.P.", Chimalpopoca 14, Obrera, Mexico City 06800, Mexico
| | - Jimmy Giovanni Hernández-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Wilfrido Massieu Av. C.P., Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Humberto Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Wilfrido Massieu Av. C.P., Mexico City 07738, Mexico
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13
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Chaudhary N, Mohan B, Kaur H, Modgil V, Kant V, Bhatia A, Taneja N. Vibrio Phage VMJ710 Can Prevent and Treat Disease Caused by Pathogenic MDR V. cholerae O1 in an Infant Mouse Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1046. [PMID: 37370365 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera, a disease of antiquity, is still festering in developing countries that lack safe drinking water and sewage disposal. Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has developed multi-drug resistance to many antimicrobial agents. In aquatic habitats, phages are known to influence the occurrence and dispersion of pathogenic V. cholerae. We isolated Vibrio phage VMJ710 from a community sewage water sample of Manimajra, Chandigarh, in 2015 during an outbreak of cholera. It lysed 46% of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae O1 strains. It had significantly reduced the bacterial density within the first 4-6 h of treatment at the three multiplicity of infection (MOI 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0) values used. No bacterial resistance was observed against phage VMJ710 for 20 h in the time-kill assay. It is nearest to an ICP1 phage, i.e., Vibrio phage ICP1_2012 (MH310936.1), belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. ICP1 phages have been the dominant bacteriophages found in cholera patients' stools since 2001. Comparative genome analysis of phage VMJ710 and related phages indicated a high level of genetic conservation. The phage was stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH, which will be an advantage for applications in different environmental settings. The phage VMJ710 showed a reduction in biofilm mass growth, bacterial dispersal, and a clear disruption of bacterial biofilm structure. We further tested the phage VMJ710 for its potential therapeutic and prophylactic properties using infant BALB/c mice. Bacterial counts were reduced significantly when phages were administered before and after the challenge of orogastric inoculation with V. cholerae serotype O1. A comprehensive whole genome study revealed no indication of lysogenic genes, genes associated with possible virulence factors, or antibiotic resistance. Based on all these properties, phage VMJ710 can be a suitable candidate for oral phage administration and could be a viable method of combatting cholera infection caused by MDR V. cholerae pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Balvinder Mohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vinay Modgil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vishal Kant
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Neelam Taneja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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14
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Habteweld HA, Asfaw T. Novel Dietary Approach with Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance and Subsequent Out Marketplace of Antimicrobial Agents: A Review. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3191-3211. [PMID: 37249957 PMCID: PMC10224695 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s413416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health concern worldwide. The continuous use and misuse of antimicrobial agents have led to the emergence and spread of resistant strains of bacteria, which can cause severe infections that are difficult to treat. One of the reasons for the constant development of new antimicrobial agents is the need to overcome the resistance that has developed against existing drugs. However, this approach is not sustainable in the long term, as bacteria can quickly develop resistance to new drugs as well. Additionally, the development of new drugs is costly and time-consuming, and there is no guarantee that new drugs will be effective or safe. An alternative approach to combat AMR is to focus on improving the body's natural defenses against infections by using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, which are helpful to restore and maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the body. Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be consumed as food or supplements to promote gut health and improve the body's natural defenses against infections. Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut, while synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics that work together to improve gut health. By promoting a healthy balance of bacteria in the body, these can help to reduce the risk of infections and the need for antimicrobial agents. Additionally, these approaches are generally safe and well tolerated, and they do not contribute to the development of AMR. In conclusion, the continuous development of new antimicrobial agents is not a sustainable approach to combat AMR. Instead, alternative approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics should be considered as they can help to promote a healthy balance of bacteria in the body and reduce the need for antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsegahun Asfaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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15
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Rashid M, Narang A, Thakur S, Jain SK, Kaur S. Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of oral administration of probiotic Enterococcus faecium Smr18 in Salmonella enterica-infected mice. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:23. [PMID: 37208771 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi causes chronic enteric fever known as typhoid. Prolonged treatment regimen used for the treatment of typhoid and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant strains of S. enterica that has further increased the severity of the disease. Therefore, alternative therapeutic agents are urgently required. In this study, probiotic and enterocin-producing bacteria Enterococcus faecium Smr18 was compared for both its prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in S. enterica infection mouse model. E. faecium Smr18 possessed high tolerance to bile salts and simulated gastric juice, as treatment for 3 and 2 h resulted in 0.5 and 0.23 log10 reduction in the colony forming units, respectively. It exhibited 70% auto aggregation after 24 h of incubation and formed strong biofilms at both pH 5 and 7. Oral administration of E. faecium in BALB/c mice infected with S. enterica significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the mortality of the infected mice and prevented the weight loss in mice. Administration of E. faecium prior to infection inhibited the translocation of S. enterica to liver and spleen, whereas, its administration post-infection completely cleared the pathogen from the organs within 8 days. Further, in both pre- and post-E. faecium-treated infected groups, sera levels of liver enzymes were restored back to normal; whereas the levels of creatinine, urea and antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared to the untreated-infected group. E. faecium Smr18 administration significantly increased the sera levels of nitrate by 1.63-fold and 3.22-fold in pre- and post-administration group, respectively. Sera levels of interferon-γ was highest (tenfold) in the untreated-infected group, whereas the levels of interleukin-10 was highest in the post-infection E. faecium-treated group thereby indicating the resolution of infection in the probiotic-treated group, plausibly due to the increased production of reactive nitrogen intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anmol Narang
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sukhraj Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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16
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El Far MS, Zakaria AS, Kassem MA, Wedn A, Guimei M, Edward EA. Promising biotherapeutic prospects of different probiotics and their derived postbiotic metabolites: in-vitro and histopathological investigation. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:122. [PMID: 37138240 PMCID: PMC10155454 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics and their derived postbiotics, as cell-free supernatants (CFS), are gaining a solid reputation owing to their prodigious health-promoting effects. Probiotics play a valuable role in the alleviation of various diseases among which are infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders. In this study, three probiotic strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Pediococcus acidilactici, were isolated from marketed dietary supplements. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated probiotic strains as well as their CFS was investigated. The neutralized CFS of the isolated probiotics were tested for their antibiofilm potential. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated Lactobacillus spp., together with their CFS, was studied in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model in male Wistar rats. To the best of our knowledge, such a model was not previously experimented to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the CFS of probiotics. The histopathological investigation was implemented to assess the anti-inflammatory prospect of the isolated L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus strains as well as their CFS. RESULTS The whole viable probiotics and their CFS showed variable growth inhibition of the tested indicator strains using the agar overlay method and the microtiter plate assay, respectively. When tested for virulence factors, the probiotic strains were non-hemolytic lacking both deoxyribonuclease and gelatinase enzymes. However, five antibiotic resistance genes, blaZ, ermB, aac(6')- aph(2"), aph(3'')-III, and vanX, were detected in all isolates. The neutralized CFS of the isolated probiotics exhibited an antibiofilm effect as assessed by the crystal violet assay. This effect was manifested by hindering the biofilm formation of the tested Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates in addition to P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain. Generally, the cell cultures of the two tested probiotics moderately suppressed the acute inflammation induced by carrageenan compared to indomethacin. Additionally, the studied CFS relatively reduced the inflammatory changes compared to the inflammation control group but less than that observed in the case of the probiotic cultures treated groups. CONCLUSIONS The tested probiotics, along with their CFS, showed promising antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, their safety and their potential use as biotherapeutics for bacterial infections and inflammatory conditions are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S El Far
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza S Zakaria
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mervat A Kassem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdalla Wedn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha Guimei
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eva A Edward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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17
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Ahmed S, Baloch MN, Moin SF, Musa H. Isolation of lectin from Musa acuminata for its antibiofilm potential against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its synergistic effect with Enterococcus species. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:181. [PMID: 37031295 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging pathogen posing a considerable burden on the healthcare system due to its involvement in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Lectins are carbohydrate binding proteins found ubiquitously in animals, plants and microorganisms. Extraction and isolation of proteins from Musa acuminata were performed by using Affinity chromatography with Sephadex G 75 to determine antibiofilm activity against MRSA. Enterococcus strains obtained from dairy products, beans and vegetables were also screened for its potential to inhibit growth and biofilm formation of MRSA by using 96 well microtiter plates. Synergistic effect of cell free supernatant of Enterococcus with proteins from ripe banana were also tested. BanLec was successfully isolated and appeared as 15 KDa band after SDS-PAGE (15%) while multiple bands of unbound protein fractions were observed. The unbound fractions showed inhibition of planktonic cells and biofilm but BanLec exhibited no significant effect. The CFS of Enterococcus faecium (LCM002), Enterococcus lactis (LCM003) and Enterococcus durans (LCM004 and LCM005) displayed antagonistic effects against pathogen. The synergistic effect of CFS from E. lactis (LCM003) and unbound proteins showed inhibition of biofilm and pathogenic growth. This study demonstrates the use of Enterococcus species and plant proteins against pathogens and results suggested that it can inhibit the growth of resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and their synergistic effect has opened new ways to tackle emerging resistance. Furthermore, after assessment of Enterococcus as probiotics, this could be used in food industries as well as in treatment of severe skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summra Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Faraz Moin
- Dr. Zafar Husnain Zaidi National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hina Musa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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18
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Aljohani AM, El-Chami C, Alhubail M, Ledder RG, O’Neill CA, McBain AJ. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 inhibits biofilm formation and mitigates virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1108273. [PMID: 36970701 PMCID: PMC10031955 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest for mitigators of bacterial virulence, cell-free supernatants (CFS) from 25 human commensal and associated bacteria were tested for activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among these, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 CFS significantly inhibited biofilm formation and dispersed extant pseudomonas biofilms without inhibiting planktonic bacterial growth. eDNA was reduced in biofilms following exposure to E. coli Nissle CFS, as visualized by confocal microscopy. E. coli Nissle CFS also showed a significant protective effect in a Galleria mellonella-based larval virulence assay when administrated 24 h before challenge with the P. aeruginosa. No inhibitory effects against P. aeruginosa were observed for other tested E. coli strains. According to proteomic analysis, E. coli Nissle CFS downregulated the expression of several P. aeruginosa proteins involved in motility (Flagellar secretion chaperone FliSB, B-type flagellin fliC, Type IV pilus assembly ATPase PilB), and quorum sensing (acyl-homoserine lactone synthase lasI and HTH-type quorum-sensing regulator rhlR), which are associated with biofilm formation. Physicochemical characterization of the putative antibiofilm compound(s) indicates the involvement of heat-labile proteinaceous factors of greater than 30 kDa molecular size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M. Aljohani
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Ministry of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cecile El-Chami
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Muna Alhubail
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth G. Ledder
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. O’Neill
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Andrew J. McBain,
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19
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Complexification of In Vitro Models of Intestinal Barriers, A True Challenge for a More Accurate Alternative Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043595. [PMID: 36835003 PMCID: PMC9958734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cell models is common to mimic cellular and molecular events in interaction with their environment. In the case of the gut, the existing models are of particular interest to evaluate food, toxicants, or drug effects on the mucosa. To have the most accurate model, cell diversity and the complexity of the interactions must be considered. Existing models range from single-cell cultures of absorptive cells to more complex combinations of two or more cell types. This work describes the existing solutions and the challenges that remain to be solved.
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20
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da Silva Barreira D, Laurent J, Lourenço J, Novion Ducassou J, Couté Y, Guzzo J, Rieu A. Membrane vesicles released by Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 inhibit the biofilm formation of Salmonella Enteritidis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1163. [PMID: 36670157 PMCID: PMC9859808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms represent a major concern in the food industry and healthcare. The use of probiotic bacteria and their derivatives as an alternative to conventional treatments to fight biofilm development is a promising option that has provided convincing results in the last decades. Recently, membrane vesicles (MVs) produced by probiotics have generated considerable interest due to the diversity of roles they have been associated with. However, the antimicrobial activity of probiotic MVs remains to be studied. In this work, we showed that membrane vesicles produced by Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 (LC-MVs) exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) without affecting bacterial growth. Furthermore, we found that LC-MVs affected the early stages of S. Enteritidis biofilm development and prevented attachment of bacteria to polystyrene surfaces. Importantly, LC-MVs did not impact the biomass of already established biofilms. We also demonstrated that the antibiofilm activity depended on the proteins associated with the LC-MV fraction. Finally, two peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) were found to be associated with the antibiofilm activity of LC-MVs. Overall, this work allowed to identify the antibiofilm properties of LC-MVs and paved the way for the use of probiotic MVs against the development of negative biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David da Silva Barreira
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julie Laurent
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jessica Lourenço
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julia Novion Ducassou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, R2048, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, R2048, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Guzzo
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Rieu
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France.
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21
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New perspectives for mechanisms, ingredients, and their preparation for promoting the formation of beneficial bacterial biofilm. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Styková E, Nemcová R, Maďar M, Bujňáková D, Mucha R, Gancarčíková S, Requena Domenech F. Antibiofilm Activity of Weissella spp. and Bacillus coagulans Isolated from Equine Skin against Staphylococcus aureus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:2135. [PMID: 36556500 PMCID: PMC9787530 DOI: 10.3390/life12122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Weissella cibaria, Weissella hellenica and Bacillus coagulans, isolated from equine skin, against biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4223 and clinical isolate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Non-neutralized cell-free supernatants (nnCFS) of tested skin isolates completely inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of S. aureus strains and caused dispersion of the 24 h preformed biofilm in the range of 21-90%. The majority of the pH-neutralized cell-free supernatants (nCFS) of skin isolates inhibited the biofilm formation of both S. aureus strains in the range of 20-100%. The dispersion activity of B. coagulans nCFS ranged from 17 to 77% and was significantly lower than that of nnCFS, except for B. coagulans 3T27 against S. aureus CCM 4223. Changes in the growth of S. aureus CCM 4223 in the presence of catalase- or trypsin-treated W. hellenica 4/2D23 and W. cibaria 4/8D37 nCFS indicated the role of peroxides and/or bacteriocin in their antimicrobial activities. For the first time, the presence of the fenD gene, associated with biosurfactants production, was detected in B. coagulans. The results of this study showed that selected isolates may have the potential for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-forming S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Styková
- Clinic of Horses, University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Radomíra Nemcová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Maďar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dobroslava Bujňáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Mucha
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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23
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Sun H, Zhu C, Fu X, Khattak S, Wang J, Liu Z, Kong Q, Mou H, Secundo F. Effects of intestinal microbiota on physiological metabolism and pathogenicity of Vibrio. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947767. [PMID: 36081796 PMCID: PMC9445811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species are disseminated broadly in the marine environment. Some of them can cause severe gastroenteritis by contaminating seafood and drinking water, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus. However, their pathogenic mechanism still needs to be revealed to prevent and reduce morbidity. This review comprehensively introduces and discusses the common pathogenic process of Vibrio including adhesion, cell colonization and proliferation, and resistance to host immunity. Vibrio usually produces pathogenic factors including hemolysin, type-III secretion system, and adhesion proteins. Quorum sensing, a cell molecular communication system between the bacterial cells, plays an important role in Vibrio intestinal invasion and colonization. The human immune system can limit the virulence of Vibrio or even kill the bacteria through different responses. The intestinal microbiota is a key component of the immune system, but information on its effects on physiological metabolism and pathogenicity of Vibrio is seldom available. In this review, the effects of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites on the invasion and colonization of common pathogenic Vibrio and VBNC status cells are discussed, which is conducive to finding the next-generation prebiotics. The strategy of dietary intervention is discussed for food safety control. Finally, future perspectives are proposed to prevent Vibrio infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shakir Khattak
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Haijin Mou
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, CNR, Milan, Italy
- Francesco Secundo
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24
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A commensal-encoded genotoxin drives restriction of Vibrio cholerae colonization and host gut microbiome remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121180119. [PMID: 35254905 PMCID: PMC8931321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121180119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceIn a polymicrobial battlefield where different species compete for nutrients and colonization niches, antimicrobial compounds are the sword and shield of commensal microbes in competition with invading pathogens and each other. The identification of an Escherichia coli-produced genotoxin, colibactin, and its specific targeted killing of enteric pathogens and commensals, including Vibrio cholerae and Bacteroides fragilis, sheds light on our understanding of intermicrobial interactions in the mammalian gut. Our findings elucidate the mechanisms through which genotoxins shape microbial communities and provide a platform for probing the larger role of enteric multibacterial interactions regarding infection and disease outcomes.
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25
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Anjum M, Laitila A, Ouwehand AC, Forssten SD. Current Perspectives on Gastrointestinal Models to Assess Probiotic-Pathogen Interactions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831455. [PMID: 35173703 PMCID: PMC8841803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different models available that mimic the human intestinal epithelium and are thus available for studying probiotic and pathogen interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Although, in vivo models make it possible to study the overall effects of a probiotic on a living subject, they cannot always be conducted and there is a general commitment to reduce the use of animal models. Hence, in vitro methods provide a more rapid tool for studying the interaction between probiotics and pathogens; as well as being ethically superior, faster, and less expensive. The in vitro models are represented by less complex traditional models, standard 2D models compromised of culture plates as well as Transwell inserts, and newer 3D models like organoids, enteroids, as well as organ-on-a-chip. The optimal model selected depends on the research question. Properly designed in vitro and/or in vivo studies are needed to examine the mechanism(s) of action of probiotics on pathogens to obtain physiologically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sofia D. Forssten
- International Flavors and Fragrances, Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
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26
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A novel probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum TIU19 isolated from Haria beer showing both in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm properties upon two multi resistant uro-pathogen strains. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100150. [PMID: 35909596 PMCID: PMC9325903 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L. fermentum TIU19 was isolated from the ethnic traditional rice beverage, Haria. L. fermentum TIU19 showed antagonistic activity against uro-pathogens in both planktonic and biofilm conditions. L. fermentum TIU19 had potential probiotic traits.
Probiotics with antimicrobial activity are gaining interest as a topic in the research field. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), acquired in the hospital or the community, are among the most prevalent infections. The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) uro-pathogens has made the current situation more critical in terms of global public health. To face this situation, in this study, Lactobacillus fermentum TIU19 (L. fermentum TIU19) was isolated and characterized as a new probiotic strain of the rice-based fermented beverage Haria. Subsequently, we also investigated its application as a biological agent that inhibits the growth of multidrug-resistant uro-pathogens, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. The results showed that, the isolated strain L. fermentum TIU19 was sensitive to all antibiotics tested except vancomycin and was devoid of virulence factors, such as haemolytic and gelatinase activities. Therefore, it may be considered safe for public health. It has many probiotic properties, such as survival in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, antioxidant activity, β-galactosidase producing ability, high cell surface hydrophobicity, adhesion ability to epithelial cells, and strong biofilm producer. The growth inhibitory and antibiofilm activities were shown against two uro-pathogens. All these results suggest that L. fermentum TIU19 can be explored as a potential probiotic with antagonistic activity against MDR uro-pathogenic E. coli and E. faecalis.
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27
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Lin YC, Wu CY, Huang HT, Lu MK, Hu WS, Lee KT. Bacillus subtilis natto Derivatives Inhibit Enterococcal Biofilm Formation via Restructuring of the Cell Envelope. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:785351. [PMID: 34956152 PMCID: PMC8695906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is considered a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Treatment of these infections has become a major challenge for clinicians because some E. faecalis strains are resistant to multiple clinically used antibiotics. Moreover, the presence of E. faecalis biofilms can make infections with E. faecalis more difficult to eradicate with current antibiotic therapies. Thus, our aim in this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic derivatives against E. faecalis biofilm formation. Bacillus subtilis natto is a probiotic strain isolated from Japanese fermented soybean foods, and its culture fluid potently inhibited adherence to Caco-2 cell monolayers, aggregation, and biofilm production without inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis. An apparent decrease in the thickness of E. faecalis biofilms was observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, exopolysaccharide synthesis in E. faecalis biofilms was reduced by B. subtilis natto culture fluid treatment. Carbohydrate composition analysis also showed that carbohydrates in the E. faecalis cell envelope were restructured. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing revealed that the culture fluid of B. subtilis natto downregulated the transcription of genes involved in the WalK/WalR two-component system, peptidoglycan biosynthesis and membrane glycolipid biosynthesis, which are all crucial for E. faecalis cell envelope synthesis and biofilm formation. Collectively, our work shows that some derivatives present in the culture fluid of B. subtilis natto may be useful for controlling E. faecalis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kung-Ta Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Using Lactobacilli to Fight Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms on Urinary Tract Devices. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121525. [PMID: 34943738 PMCID: PMC8698619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low efficacy of conventional treatments and the interest in finding natural-based approaches to counteract biofilm development on urinary tract devices have promoted the research on probiotics. This work evaluated the ability of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, in displacing pre-formed biofilms of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from medical-grade silicone. Single-species biofilms of 24 h were placed in contact with each probiotic suspension for 6 h and 24 h, and the reductions in biofilm cell culturability and total biomass were monitored by counting colony-forming units and crystal violet assay, respectively. Both probiotics significantly reduced the culturability of E. coli and S. aureus biofilms, mainly after 24 h of exposure, with reduction percentages of 70% and 77% for L. plantarum and 76% and 63% for L. rhamnosus, respectively. Additionally, the amount of E. coli biofilm determined by CV staining was maintained approximately constant after 6 h of probiotic contact and significantly reduced up to 67% after 24 h. For S. aureus, only L. rhamnosus caused a significant effect on biofilm amount after 6 h of treatment. Hence, this study demonstrated the potential of lactobacilli to control the development of pre-established uropathogenic biofilms.
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29
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Probiotics as Therapeutic Tools against Pathogenic Biofilms: Have We Found the Perfect Weapon? MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial populations inhabiting a variety of natural and human-associated niches have the ability to grow in the form of biofilms. A large part of pathological chronic conditions, and essentially all the bacterial infections associated with implanted medical devices or prosthetics, are caused by microorganisms embedded in a matrix made of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Biofilm infections are generally characterized by a slow onset, mild symptoms, tendency to chronicity, and refractory response to antibiotic therapy. Even though the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses have been deeply clarified, effective means to fight biofilms are still required. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), used as probiotics, are emerging as powerful weapons to prevent adhesion, biofilm formation, and control overgrowth of pathogens. Hence, using probiotics or their metabolites to quench and interrupt bacterial communication and aggregation, and to interfere with biofilm formation and stability, might represent a new frontier in clinical microbiology and a valid alternative to antibiotic therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the experimental and therapeutic applications of LAB to interfere with biofilm formation or disrupt the stability of pathogenic biofilms.
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30
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Lactobacillus reuteri and Enterococcus faecium from Poultry Gut Reduce Mucin Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123435. [PMID: 34944212 PMCID: PMC8697943 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) can cause infection in poultry, livestock, and humans. Although the use of antimicrobials as feed additives is prohibited, the previous indiscriminate use and poor regulatory oversight in some parts of the world have resulted in increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, including cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, which are among the limited treatment options available against NTS. This study aimed to isolate potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from the poultry gut to inhibit fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistant MDR Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. The safety profile of the LAB isolates was evaluated for the hemolytic activity, DNase activity, and antibiotic resistance. Based on the safety results, three possible probiotic LAB candidates for in vitro Salmonella control were chosen. Candidate LAB isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lactobacillus reuteri PFS4, Enterococcus faecium PFS13, and Enterococcus faecium PFS14. These strains demonstrated a good tolerance to gastrointestinal-related stresses, including gastric acid, bile, lysozyme, and phenol. In addition, the isolates that were able to auto aggregate had the ability to co-aggregate with MDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Furthermore, LAB strains competitively reduced the adhesion of pathogens to porcine mucin Type III in co-culture studies. The probiotic combination of the selected LAB isolates inhibited the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium FML15 and S. Enteritidis FML18 by 90% and 92%, respectively. In addition, the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the LAB culture significantly reduced the growth of Salmonella in vitro. Thus, L. reuteri PFS4, E. faecium PFS13, and E. faecium PFS 14 are potential probiotics that could be used to control MDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in poultry. Future investigations are required to elucidate the in vivo potential of these probiotic candidates as Salmonella control agents in poultry and animal feed.
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31
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Rezaei Z, Khanzadi S, Salari A. Biofilm formation and antagonistic activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (PTCC1712) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (PTCC1745). AMB Express 2021; 11:156. [PMID: 34825290 PMCID: PMC8617238 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the health benefits of probiotic bacteria are well known, and this has taken up a great deal of space in food science and health, both research and operational. On the other hand, anti-biofilm properties on food pathogens in the food and pharmaceutical industries have created an attractive challenge. This study aimed to describe the inhibitory activity of cell-free supernatants (CFS), planktonic cells, and biofilm form of lactobacilus strains (L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum) against food pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes. Anti-bacterial activities of the CFS of lactobacillus strains were assessed by the microplate method and via violet staining. Evaluation of the antagonistic activity of planktonic cells and biofilm of LAB were performed by the spread plate method. The results showed the incubation time of 48 h was the best time to produce biofilm. Although the planktonic states reduce the pathogens bacterial about 1 –1.5 log, but in biofilm forms, decreased L. monocytogenes about 4.5 log compared to the control, and in the case of P. aeruginosa, a growth reduction of about 2.13 log was observed. Furthermore, biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes in the presence of L. rhamnosus cell-free supernatant was more weakly than L. plantarum CFS, but their CFS effect on reducing the bacterial population of P. aeruginosa was the same. According to the study, biofilm produced by probiotic strains can be considered a new approach for biological control. Also, cell-free supernatant can be used as postbiotic in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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32
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Mevo SIU, Ashrafudoulla M, Furkanur Rahaman Mizan M, Park SH, Ha SD. Promising strategies to control persistent enemies: Some new technologies to combat biofilm in the food industry-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5938-5964. [PMID: 34626152 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm is an advanced form of protection that allows bacterial cells to withstand adverse environmental conditions. The complex structure of biofilm results from genetic-related mechanisms besides other factors such as bacterial morphology or substratum properties. Inhibition of biofilm formation of harmful bacteria (spoilage and pathogenic bacteria) is a critical task in the food industry because of the enhanced resistance of biofilm bacteria to stress, such as cleaning and disinfection methods traditionally used in food processing plants, and the increased food safety risks threatening consumer health caused by recurrent contamination and rapid deterioration of food by biofilm cells. Therefore, it is urgent to find methods and strategies for effectively combating bacterial biofilm formation and eradicating mature biofilms. Innovative and promising approaches to control bacteria and their biofilms are emerging. These new approaches range from methods based on natural ingredients to the use of nanoparticles. This literature review aims to describe the efficacy of these strategies and provide an overview of recent promising biofilm control technologies in the food processing sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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33
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Shangguan W, Xie T, Zhang R, Lu C, Han X, Zhong Q. Anti-biofilm potential of kefir-derived Lactobacillus paracasei L10 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:750-758. [PMID: 34586634 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a kind of biofilm-forming foodborne bacterium, presents formidable challenges to the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. Increasingly, the safety of chemical antimicrobials has aroused the widespread attention of the public. The development of the novel nature antimicrobial agents has become critical for controlling biofilm-related pollution and infections. In this paper, we investigated the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus paracasei L10, and evaluated the inhibition and eradication effects of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the strain on V. parahaemolyticus biofilms in detail. We found that the CFS exhibited marked antibacterial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria. In co-cultural assay, L. paracasei L10 could notably reduce cell viability in both plankton and biofilm of V. parahaemolyticus and this antagonism effect in biofilm was greater than that in planktonic state. Meanwhile, the growth of V. parahaemolyticus was completely inhibited when 6% (v/v) of the CFS was added, and the supernatant also showed a concentration-dependent manner to inhibit and eradicate the biofilms of V. parahaemolyticus while decreased the metabolic activity of the biofilm in the same way. Moreover, the fluorescence microscopic and confocal laser scanning microscopy images confirmed the anti-biofilm activity of the CFS. This study elucidates that L. paracasei L10 displays a significant anti-biofilm effect on V. parahaemolyticus and the mechanism of its antagonism merits further study, which provides theoretical support for further development and application of L. paracasei L10 as anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shangguan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Improving the Gut Microbiota with Probiotics and Faecal Microbiota Transplantation. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.3.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are “live strains of strictly selected microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”. After birth, our intestine is colonized by microbes like Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. Our intestine is an extremely complex living system that participates in the protection of host through a strong defence against external aggregations. The microbial ecosystem of the intestine includes many native species of Bacteroides and Firmicutes that permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of flora changes over time depending upon diet and medical emergencies which leads to the diseased condition. Probiotics exert their mode of action by altering the local environment of the gut by competing with the pathogens, bacteriocins production, H2O2 production etc. Obesity is one of the major health problems and is considered as the most prevalent form of inappropriate nutrition. Probiotics like Lactobacillus Sp., Bifidobacterium Sp., Streptococcus Sp. are successfully used in the treatment of obesity proved in clinical trials. Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant, is the process of transplantation of Faecal bacteria from a healthy donor into a recipient’s gut to restore normal flora in the recipient. The therapeutic principle on which FMT works is microbes and their functions and metabolites produced by them which are used to treat a variety of diseases. The present review focuses on the role of gastrointestinal microbiome, probiotic selection criteria, their applications and FMT to treat diseases.
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35
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Carvalho FM, Teixeira-Santos R, Mergulhão FJM, Gomes LC. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Biofilms on the Adhesion of Escherichia coli to Urinary Tract Devices. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080966. [PMID: 34439016 PMCID: PMC8388885 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel technologies to prevent biofilm formation on urinary tract devices (UTDs) are continually being developed, with the ultimate purpose of reducing the incidence of urinary infections. Probiotics have been described as having the ability to displace adhering uropathogens and inhibit microbial adhesion to UTD materials. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-established Lactobacillus plantarum biofilms on the adhesion of Escherichia coli to medical-grade silicone. The optimal growth conditions of lactobacilli biofilms on silicone were first assessed in 12-well plates. Then, biofilms of L. plantarum were placed in contact with E. coli suspensions for up to 24 h under quasi-static conditions. Biofilm monitoring was performed by determining the number of culturable cells and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed significant reductions of 76%, 77% and 99% in E. coli culturability after exposure to L. plantarum biofilms for 3, 6 and 12 h, respectively, corroborating the CLSM analysis. The interactions between microbial cell surfaces and the silicone surface with and without L. plantarum biofilms were also characterized using contact angle measurements, where E. coli was shown to be thermodynamically less prone to adhere to L. plantarum biofilms than to silicone. Thus, this study suggests the use of probiotic cells as potential antibiofilm agents for urinary tract applications.
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Mixed culture of Bacillus aerius B81e and Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum L34b-2 derived from in vivo screening using hybrid catfish exhibits high probiotic effects on Pangasius bocourti. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:423-428. [PMID: 34253465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A mixed culture of probiotics, one from the genus Bacillus and one lactic acid bacterium (LAB), was developed to be used as a feed additive for enhancing growth, innate immunity and disease resistance in Pangasius bocourti. From our earlier work, three probiotic Bacillus species, Bacillus siamensis B44v, Bacillus sp. B51f and Bacillus aerius B81e, and three probiotic LABs, Streptococcus lutetiensis L7c, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum (synonym. Lactobacillus paraplantarum) L34b-2 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (synonym. Lactobacillus plantarum) L42g, were selected for comparison. These bacteria, which express probiotic properties including bacteriocin-like activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, were subjected to in vivo screening in hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus). A 30-day feed-trial followed by a challenge test in screening experiments resulted in the prominent B. aerius B81e and L. paraplantarum L34b-2 being selected. A mixture of these bacteria was added to a diet for P. bocourti. After 60-day feeding, the fish fed with mixed probiotics had weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio improved significantly (p < 0.01) when compared to the control. Both humoral and cellular immunity were significantly higher in probiotic-fed fish. Following the 60-day feeding experiment, P. bocourti fed with the diet containing mixed probiotics had a higher survival rate than the control fish after injection with a virulent A. hydrophila. It can be concluded that a combination of B. aerius strain B81e and L. paraplantarum strain L34b-2 markedly improved growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of P. bocourti.
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das Neves Selis N, de Oliveira HBM, Leão HF, Dos Anjos YB, Sampaio BA, Correia TML, Almeida CF, Pena LSC, Reis MM, Brito TLS, Brito LF, Campos GB, Timenetsky J, Cruz MP, Rezende RP, Romano CC, da Costa AM, Yatsuda R, Uetanabaro APT, Marques LM. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains isolated from spontaneously fermented cocoa exhibit potential probiotic properties against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:198. [PMID: 34187371 PMCID: PMC8243870 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics are important tools in therapies against vaginal infections and can assist traditional antibiotic therapies in restoring healthy microbiota. Recent research has shown that microorganisms belonging to the genus Lactobacillus have probiotic potential. Thus, this study evaluated the potential in vitro probiotic properties of three strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, isolated during the fermentation of high-quality cocoa, against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Strains were evaluated for their physiological, safety, and antimicrobial characteristics. Results The hydrophobicity of L. plantarum strains varied from 26.67 to 91.67%, and their autoaggregation varied from 18.10 to 30.64%. The co-aggregation of L. plantarum strains with G. vaginalis ranged from 14.73 to 16.31%, and from 29.14 to 45.76% with N. gonorrhoeae. All L. plantarum strains could moderately or strongly produce biofilms. L. plantarum strains did not show haemolytic activity and were generally sensitive to the tested antimicrobials. All lactobacillus strains were tolerant to heat and pH resistance tests. All three strains of L. plantarum showed antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The coincubation of L. plantarum strains with pathogens showed that the culture pH remained below 4.5 after 24 h. All cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) demonstrated activity against the two pathogens tested, and all L. plantarum strains produced hydrogen peroxide. CFCS characterisation in conjunction with gas chromatography revealed that organic acids, especially lactic acid, were responsible for the antimicrobial activity against the pathogens evaluated. Conclusion The three strains of L. plantarum presented significant probiotic characteristics against the two pathogens of clinical importance. In vitro screening identified strong probiotic candidates for in vivo studies for the treatment of vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan das Neves Selis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hellen Braga Martins de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hiago Ferreira Leão
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Yan Bento Dos Anjos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Almeida Sampaio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolline Florentino Almeida
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva Carvalho Pena
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Mariane Mares Reis
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Thamara Louisy Santos Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Laís Ferraz Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariluze Peixoto Cruz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Andréa Miura da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil.
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Apiwatsiri P, Pupa P, Yindee J, Niyomtham W, Sirichokchatchawan W, Lugsomya K, Shah AA, Prapasarakul N. Anticonjugation and Antibiofilm Evaluation of Probiotic Strains Lactobacillus plantarum 22F, 25F, and Pediococcus acidilactici 72N Against Escherichia coli Harboring mcr-1 Gene. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:614439. [PMID: 34179153 PMCID: PMC8225926 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.614439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used as probiotics and as an alternative to antibiotics in various industries, especially in the livestock industry. This study aimed to investigate the anticonjugation and antibiofilm activity of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Thai LAB strains (Lactobacillus plantarum 22F, 25F, and Pediococcus acidilactici 72N) against colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates. A total of six colistin-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from different sources, including pigs, farmers, and farmhouse environments. The E. coli were characterized by plasmid profiling, PCR detection of mcr-1 gene, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The CFS at dilutions ≥1:16 was chosen as the proper dilution for anticonjugation assay. Besides, it could significantly reduce the transfer frequencies of resistance gene mcr-1 up to 100 times compared to the neutralizing CFS (pH 6.5). The biofilm production in the planktonic stage was reduced by non-neutralizing and neutralizing CFS determining with crystal violet staining assay up to 82 and 60%, respectively. Moreover, the non-neutralizing CFS also inhibited the biofilm formation in the sessile stage up to 52%. The biofilm illustration was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results agreed with the findings of the crystal violet technique, which showed a significant reduction in cell density, aggregation, and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix. The application of Thai LAB may serve as an attractive alternative to antibiotics for reducing biofilm formation and limiting the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jitrapa Yindee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waree Niyomtham
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Asad Ali Shah
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens Research Unit (DMAP), Bangkok, Thailand
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Sakr EA, Massoud MI. Impact of prebiotic potential of stevia sweeteners-sugar used as synbiotic preparation on antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hazarika P, Chattopadhyay I, Umpo M, Choudhury Y, Sharma I. Phylogeny, Biofilm Production, and Antimicrobial Properties of Fecal Microbial Communities of Adi Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1675-1687. [PMID: 33660220 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The fecal flora consists of trillions of bacteria influencing human health and several host factors. Such population-based fecal flora studies are critical to uplift the health status of ethnic tribes from Arunachal Pradesh. This study aimed to analyze the ethnic tribe's biofilm producing antibiotic resistant bacteria and their phyllogenetic analysis in 15 stool samples collected from Adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. Of the analyzed samples, 42.85% were Escherichia, 20% lactic acid bacteria, 20% Salmonella, and 17.14% Enterococcus. Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, and Enterococcus sp. emerged as strong biofilm producers; however, Salmonella declined to exhibit characters for a strong biofilm producer. Tetracycline resistance dominated in all the gut bacterial profiles. The 16SrRNA amplified PCR product was used for sequencing, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed exhibiting the relationship between the isolates. The test sequences were compared with the non-redundant Gene bank collection of the database with the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Hazarika
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 101, India
| | - Mika Umpo
- Department of Microbiology, Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Naharlagun, 791110, India
| | - Yashmin Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
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Stem Cell Impairment at the Host-Microbiota Interface in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050996. [PMID: 33673612 PMCID: PMC7957811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation is believed to result from the conversion of normal intestinal stem cells (ISCs) into cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Hence, CRC evolves through the multiple acquisition of well-established genetic and epigenetic alterations with an adenoma-carcinoma sequence progression. Unlike other stem cells elsewhere in the body, ISCs cohabit with the intestinal microbiota, which consists of a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The gut microbiota communicates closely with ISCs and mounting evidence suggests that there is significant crosstalk between host and microbiota at the ISC niche level. Metagenomic analyses have demonstrated that the host-microbiota mutually beneficial symbiosis existing under physiologic conditions is lost during a state of pathological microbial imbalance due to the alteration of microbiota composition (dysbiosis) and/or the genetic susceptibility of the host. The complex interaction between CRC and microbiota is at the forefront of the current CRC research, and there is growing attention on a possible role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of CRC through ISC niche impairment. Here we primarily review the most recent findings on the molecular mechanism underlying the complex interplay between gut microbiota and ISCs, revealing a possible key role of microbiota in the aberrant reprogramming of CSCs in the initiation of CRC. We also discuss recent advances in OMICS approaches and single-cell analyses to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and ISC/CSC niche biology leading to a desirable implementation of the current precision medicine approaches.
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Anas A, Sukumaran V, Nampullipurackal Devarajan D, Maniyath S, Chekidhenkuzhiyil J, Mary A, Parakkaparambil Kuttan S, Tharakan B. Probiotics inspired from natural ecosystem to inhibit the growth of Vibrio spp. causing white gut syndrome in Litopenaeus vannamei. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 33489684 PMCID: PMC7803865 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics inspired by host-microbe interactions in the natural ecosystem are propitious in controlling bacterial infections in aquaculture and veterinary systems. Here we report the isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio spp. and lactic acid bacteria from an intensive culture system of Litopenaeus vannamei and natural ecosystem, respectively. The pathogen isolated from the gut of L. vannamei showing the symptoms of white gut disease were identified as V. parahaemolyticus and V. campbelli. Both the pathogens expressed the virulence genes, rtxA, and tcpA and were showing multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of more than 0.5. The lactic acid bacteria isolated from the sediment and gut of benthic organisms (shrimp and polychaetes) collected from a tropical estuary were classified as member of 9 OTUs such as Pediococcus stilessi, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. rhamnosus, Weissella cibaria, Enterococcus durans, E. fecalis, Streptococcus gallolyticus and L. garvieae. Majority of these isolates were facultative in nature and were able to tolerate gastric juice and bile salt. Out of 83 bacteria isolated from sediment and gut, 36 showed abilities to reduce the pH of culture medium to less than five. Many of these isolates (34 Nos.) showed production of hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites with antagonistic activity against both the pathogens (1 No.) or separately toward V. parahaemolyticus (9 Nos.) and V. campbelli (11 Nos.). Overall, the current study proposes a natural ecosystem as a potential source of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potentials to prevent the vibriosis disease outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture systems. Further studies are required to understand the abilities of lactic acid bacteria to colonize shrimp intestine, stimulate immune system and manipulate microbiome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02618-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Anas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | - Vrinda Sukumaran
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Shijina Maniyath
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Ann Mary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Balu Tharakan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
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Shastry RP, Arunrenganathan R, Rai VR. Characterization of probiotic Enterococcus lactis RS5 and purification of antibiofilm enterocin. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Kim YJ, Yu HH, Park YJ, Lee, NK, Paik HD. Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cell-Free Supernatant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1854-1861. [PMID: 32958735 PMCID: PMC9728167 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2008.08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common microorganisms and causes foodborne diseases. In particular, biofilm-forming S. aureus is more resistant to antimicrobial agents and sanitizing treatments than planktonic cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from cucumber jangajji compared to grapefruit seed extract (GSE). CFS and GSE inhibited and degraded S. aureus biofilms. The adhesion ability, auto-aggregation, and exopolysaccharide production of CFS-treated S. aureus, compared to those of the control, were significantly decreased. Moreover, biofilm-related gene expression was altered upon CFS treatment. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that CFS exerted anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus. Therefore, these results suggest that S. cerevisiae CFS has anti-biofilm potential against S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee,
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2049-6011 Fax: +82-2-455-3082 E-mail:
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Carvalho FM, Teixeira-Santos R, Mergulhão FJM, Gomes LC. The Use of Probiotics to Fight Biofilms in Medical Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010027. [PMID: 33374844 PMCID: PMC7824608 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical device-associated infections (MDAI) are a critical problem due to the increasing usage of medical devices in the aging population. The inhibition of biofilm formation through the use of probiotics has received attention from the medical field in the last years. However, this sparse knowledge has not been properly reviewed, so that successful strategies for biofilm management can be developed. This study aims to summarize the relevant literature about the effect of probiotics and their metabolites on biofilm formation in medical devices using a PRISMA-oriented (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) systematic search and meta-analysis. This approach revealed that the use of probiotics and their products is a promising strategy to hinder biofilm growth by a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. The meta-analysis showed a pooled effect estimate for the proportion of biofilm reduction of 70% for biosurfactants, 76% for cell-free supernatants (CFS), 77% for probiotic cells and 88% for exopolysaccharides (EPS). This review also highlights the need to properly analyze and report data, as well as the importance of standardizing the in vitro culture conditions to facilitate the comparison between studies. This is essential to increase the predictive value of the studies and translate their findings into clinical applications.
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Kalaycı Yüksek F, Gümüş D, Gündoğan Gİ, Anğ Küçüker M. Cell-Free Lactobacillus sp Supernatants Modulate Staphylococcus aureus Growth, Adhesion and Invasion to Human Osteoblast (HOB) Cells. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:125-132. [PMID: 33108492 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The increase of antibiotic resistance has become a problem. Probiotic bacteria play an important role in preventive/supportive medicine. Therefore, we examined the inhibitory effects of four different Lactobacillus species' (L. acidophilus-La, L. plantarum-Lp, L. fermentum-Lf and L. rhamnosus-Lr) cell-free supernatants (CFSs) on growth, adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and effects of S. aureus, CFSs, and S. aureus-CFSs co-existence on human osteoblast (HOB) cell viability. Growth alterations were measured spectrophotometrically. Adhesive/invasive bacterial counts were detected by colony counting. Biofilm was evaluated using microtiter plate assay. The MTT assay was used for detection of HOB cell viability. The growth of MSSA significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in the presence of two CFSs (Lf and Lr) (P < 0.01); the growth of MRSA significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the presence of La CFSs. All tested CFSs were found to reduce adhesion and invasion of MSSA (P < 0.0001). The adhesion of MRSA was enhanced (P < 0.0001) in the presence of all CFSs except La and the invasion of MRSA was decreased (P < 0.01) in the presence of Lr and Lf CFSs. All tested CFSs were shown to inhibit biofilm formation significantly (P < 0.0001). The reduction of S. aureus infected HOB cell viability and exposed to all CFSs except Lr that was found to be significant (P < 0.0001). The viability of HOB cell during co-incubation with MSSA and CFSs was shown to be decreased significantly. However co-existence of MRSA and CFSs did not alter HOB cell viability. These results suggested that lactobacilli as probiotics have low protective effects on MRSA-infected host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kalaycı Yüksek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Defne Gümüş
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül İpek Gündoğan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Anğ Küçüker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Qin Z, Yang X, Chen G, Park C, Liu Z. Crosstalks Between Gut Microbiota and Vibrio Cholerae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:582554. [PMID: 33194819 PMCID: PMC7644805 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.582554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, could proliferate in aquatic environment and infect humans through contaminated food and water. Enormous microorganisms residing in human gastrointestinal tract establish a special microecological system, which immediately responds to the invasion of V. cholerae, through “colonization resistance” mechanisms, such as antimicrobial peptide production, nutrients competition, and intestinal barrier maintenances. Meanwhile, V. cholerae could quickly sense those signals and modulate the expression of relevant genes to circumvent those stresses during infection, leading to successful colonization on the surface of small intestinal epithelial cells. In this review, we summarized the crosstalks profiles between gut microbiota and V. cholerae in the terms of Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), Quorum Sensing (QS), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/pH stress, and Bioactive metabolites. These mechanisms can also be applied to molecular bacterial pathogenesis of other pathogens in host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaiwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Al-Dhabi NA, Valan Arasu M, Vijayaraghavan P, Esmail GA, Duraipandiyan V, Kim YO, Kim H, Kim HJ. Probiotic and Antioxidant Potential of Lactobacillus reuteriLR12 and Lactobacillus lactisLL10 Isolated from Pineapple Puree and Quality Analysis of Pineapple-Flavored Goat Milk Yoghurt during Storage. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1461. [PMID: 32977600 PMCID: PMC7598170 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies have focused on the therapeutic properties of probiotics to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms associated with various diseases. Lactobacilli are important probiotics groups that have been found to possess many health-promoting activities. This study was carried out to isolate LactobacillusreuteriLR12 and L. lactisLL10 from pineapple puree. The invitro analysis to evaluate probiotic characteristics of the isolated bacteria included survival in bile and acid tolerance. The cell-free supernatant of L. reuteri LR12 was effective against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi compared with L. lactisLL10. These two bacterial strains have strong anti-biofilm activity (100%) against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The bacterial strains exhibited adhesion properties to HT-29 cells (human colorectal adenocarcinoma). These bacteria showed DPPH- (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical scavenging activity, scavenging of hydroxyl radical activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, and reducing power activity in the range of 72% ± 3%to 89.3% ± 1.7%, 64% ± 2.7%to 66.8% ± 1.5%, 59.8% ± 4.1% to 63.8% ± 2.1%, and 60.4% ± 1.8%to 66.1% ± 3.3%, respectively. Pineapple puree was used as the starter culture with milk for 2 days for yogurt preparation. Pineapple puree increased flavor and showed the physicochemical properties of yogurt. The finding of the sensory evaluation revealed no significant change compared with the control, except the appearance of yogurt. These findings show that Lactobacilli and pineapple puree have potential use in various probiotic preparations for the fermentation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.); (G.A.E.); (V.D.)
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.); (G.A.E.); (V.D.)
| | - Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan
- Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech Pvt Ltd, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu 629 001, India;
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.); (G.A.E.); (V.D.)
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.); (G.A.E.); (V.D.)
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Korea;
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Korea;
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Targeting Gut Microbial Biofilms-A Key to Hinder Colon Carcinogenesis? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082272. [PMID: 32823729 PMCID: PMC7465663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health issue which poses a substantial humanistic and economic burden on patients, healthcare systems and society. In recent years, intestinal dysbiosis has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC, with specific pathogens exhibiting oncogenic potentials such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis having been found to contribute to CRC development. More recently, it has been shown that initiation of CRC development by these microorganisms requires the formation of biofilms. Gut microbial biofilm forms in the inner colonic mucus layer and is composed of polymicrobial communities. Biofilm results in the redistribution of colonic epithelial cell E-cadherin, increases permeability of the gut and causes a loss of function of the intestinal barrier, all of which enhance intestinal dysbiosis. This literature review aims to compile the various strategies that target these pathogenic biofilms and could potentially play a role in the prevention of CRC. We explore the potential use of natural products, silver nanoparticles, upconverting nanoparticles, thiosalicylate complexes, anti-rheumatic agent (Auranofin), probiotics and quorum-sensing inhibitors as strategies to hinder colon carcinogenesis via targeting colon-associated biofilms.
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Arunkumar M, LewisOscar F, Thajuddin N, Pugazhendhi A, Nithya C. In vitro and in vivo biofilm forming Vibrio spp: A significant threat in aquaculture. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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