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Benchimol M, de Souza W. Endocytosis in anaerobic parasitic protists. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e240058. [PMID: 39082582 PMCID: PMC11285859 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760240058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of different molecules by eukaryotic cells occurs through endocytosis, which is critical to the cell's survival and ability to reproduce. Although this process has been studied in greater detail in mammalian and yeast cells, several groups working with pathogenic protists have made relevant contributions. This review analysed the most relevant data on the endocytic process in anaerobic protists (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Tritrichomonas foetus). Many protozoa can exert endocytic activity across their entire surface and do so with great intensity, as with E. histolytica. The available data on the endocytic pathway and the participation of PI-3 kinase, Rab, and Rho molecular complexes is reviewed from a historical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Benchimol
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Nacional de Biologia
Estrutural e Bioimagens, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade da Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Nacional de Biologia
Estrutural e Bioimagens, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica
Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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2
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Zanatta D, Betanzos A, Azuara-Liceaga E, Montaño S, Orozco E. Entamoeba histolytica: EhADH, an Alix Protein, Participates in Several Virulence Events through Its Different Domains. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7609. [PMID: 39062867 PMCID: PMC11277477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan causative of human amoebiasis. The EhADH adhesin (687 aa) is a protein involved in tissue invasion, phagocytosis and host-cell lysis. EhADH adheres to the prey and follows its arrival to the multivesicular bodies. It is an accessory protein of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Here, to study the role of different parts of EhADH during virulence events, we produced trophozoites overexpressing the three domains of EhADH, Bro1 (1-400 aa), Linker (246-446 aa) and Adh (444-687 aa) to evaluate their role in virulence. The TrophozBro11-400 slightly increased adherence and phagocytosis, but these trophozoites showed a higher ability to destroy cell monolayers, augment the permeability of cultured epithelial cells and mouse colon, and produce more damage to hamster livers. The TrophozLinker226-446 also increased the virulence properties, but with lower effect than the TrophozBro11-400. In addition, this fragment participates in cholesterol transport and GTPase binding. Interestingly, the TrophozAdh444-687 produced the highest effect on adherence and phagocytosis, but it poorly influenced the monolayers destruction; nevertheless, they augmented the colon and liver damage. To identify the protein partners of each domain, we used recombinant peptides. Pull-down assays and mass spectrometry showed that Bro1 domain interplays with EhADH, Gal/GalNAc lectin, EhCPs, ESCRT machinery components and cytoskeleton proteins. While EhADH, ubiquitin, EhRabB, EhNPC1 and EhHSP70 were associated to the Linker domain, and EhADH, EhHSP70, EhPrx and metabolic enzymes interacted to the Adh domain. The diverse protein association confirms that EhADH is a versatile molecule with multiple functions probably given by its capacity to form distinct molecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dxinegueela Zanatta
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Elisa Azuara-Liceaga
- Postgraduate in Genomic Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City 03100, Mexico;
| | - Sarita Montaño
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Simulation, Faculty of Biological Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Sinaloa 80030, Mexico;
| | - Esther Orozco
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
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Manich M, Bochet P, Boquet-Pujadas A, Rose T, Laenen G, Guillén N, Olivo-Marin JC, Labruyère E. Fibronectin induces a transition from amoeboid to a fan morphology and modifies migration in Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012392. [PMID: 39052670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell migration modes can vary, depending on a number of environmental and intracellular factors. The high motility of the pathogenic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica is a decisive factor in its ability to cross the human colonic barrier. We used quantitative live imaging techniques to study the migration of this parasite on fibronectin, a key tissue component. Entamoeba histolytica amoebae on fibronectin contain abundant podosome-like structures. By using a laminar flow chamber, we determined that the adhesion forces generated on fibronectin were twice those on non-coated glass. When migrating on fibronectin, elongated amoeboid cells converted into fan-shaped cells characterized by the presence of a dorsal column of F-actin and a broad cytoplasmic extension at the front. The fan shape depended on the Arp2/3 complex, and the amoebae moved laterally and more slowly. Intracellular measurements of physical variables related to fluid dynamics revealed that cytoplasmic pressure gradients were weaker within fan-shaped cells; hence, actomyosin motors might be less involved in driving the cell body forward. We also found that the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase regulated podosome dynamics. We conclude that E. histolytica spontaneously changes its migration mode as a function of the substrate composition. This adaptive ability might favour E. histolytica's invasion of human colonic tissue. By combining microfluidic experiments, mechanical modelling, and image analysis, our work also introduces a computational pipeline for the study of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manich
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Biological Image Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Bochet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Biological Image Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Aleix Boquet-Pujadas
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Biological Image Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-UMR3691, Paris, France
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Biomedical Imaging Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Rose
- Institut Pasteur, Diagnostic Test Innovation and Development Core Facility Unit, Paris, France
| | - Gertjan Laenen
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Biological Image Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Nancy Guillén
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Biological Image Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-ERL9195, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Biological Image Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Labruyère
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Biological Image Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-UMR3691, Paris, France
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4
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Khan NG, Adiga D, Rai PS, Kabekkodu SP. Integrated In-Silico and In Vitro analysis to Decipher the contribution of bisphenol-A in cervical cancer. Toxicology 2024; 504:153791. [PMID: 38555994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical widely used as a monomer for producing polycarbonate plastics. The present investigation employed an in-silico approach to identify BPA-responsive genes and comprehend the biological functions affected using in vitro studies. A Comparative Toxicogenomics Database search identified 29 BPA-responsive genes in cervical cancer (CC). Twenty-nine genes were screened using published datasets, and thirteen of those showed differential expression between normal and CC samples. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (PPIN) analysis identified BIRC5, CASP8, CCND1, EGFR, FGFR3, MTOR, VEGFA, DOC2B, WNT5A, and YY1 as hub genes. KM-based survival analysis identified that CCND, EGFR, VEGFA, FGFR3, DOC2B, and YY1 might affect CC patient survival. SiHa and CaSki cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were all considerably accelerated by BPA exposure. Changes in cell morphology, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, increased number and length of filopodia, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species and calcium, and lipid droplet accumulation were noted upon BPA exposure. BPA treatment upregulated the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway members and enhanced the nuclear translocation of CTNNB1. We showed that the enhanced migration and nuclear translocation of CTNNB1 upon BPA exposure is a calcium-dependent process. The present study identified potential BPA-responsive genes and provided novel insights into the biological effects and mechanisms affected by BPA in CC. Our study raises concern over the use of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ghani Khan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Padmalatha Satwadi Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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Ye J, Salti T, Zanditenas E, Trebicz-Geffen M, Benhar M, Ankri S. Impact of Reactive Sulfur Species on Entamoeba histolytica: Modulating Viability, Motility, and Biofilm Degradation Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:245. [PMID: 38397843 PMCID: PMC10886169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and cysteine persulfide (Cys-SSH) emerged as key signaling molecules with diverse physiological roles in the body, depending on their concentration and the cellular environment. While it is known that H2S and Cys-SSH are produced by both colonocytes and by the gut microbiota through sulfur metabolism, it remains unknown how these RSS affect amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a parasitic protozoan that can be present in the human gastrointestinal tract. This study investigates H2S and Cys-SSH's impact on E. histolytica physiology and explores potential therapeutic implications. Exposing trophozoites to the H2S donor, sodium sulfide (Na2S), or to Cys-SSH led to rapid cytotoxicity. A proteomic analysis of Cys-SSH-challenged trophozoites resulted in the identification of >500 S-sulfurated proteins, which are involved in diverse cellular processes. Functional assessments revealed inhibited protein synthesis, altered cytoskeletal dynamics, and reduced motility in trophozoites treated with Cys-SSH. Notably, cysteine proteases (CPs) were significantly inhibited by S-sulfuration, affecting their bacterial biofilm degradation capacity. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed alterations in actin dynamics, corroborating the proteomic findings. Thus, our study reveals how RSS perturbs critical cellular functions in E. histolytica, potentially influencing its pathogenicity and interactions within the gut microbiota. Understanding these molecular mechanisms offers novel insights into amebiasis pathogenesis and unveils potential therapeutic avenues targeting RSS-mediated modifications in parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Talal Salti
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Eva Zanditenas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
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Abstract
The amoeba parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of human amebiasis, an enteropathic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. This ancient protozoan is an elementary example of how parasites evolve with humans, e.g. taking advantage of multiple mechanisms to evade immune responses, interacting with microbiota for nutritional and protective needs, utilizing host resources for growth, division, and encystation. These skills of E. histolytica perpetuate the species and incidence of infection. However, in 10% of infected cases, the parasite turns into a pathogen; the host-parasite equilibrium is then disorganized, and the simple lifecycle based on two cell forms, trophozoites and cysts, becomes unbalanced. Trophozoites acquire a virulent phenotype which, when non-controlled, leads to intestinal invasion with the onset of amoebiasis symptoms. Virulent E. histolytica must cross mucus, epithelium, connective tissue and possibly blood. This highly mobile parasite faces various stresses and a powerful host immune response, with oxidative stress being a challenge for its survival. New emerging research avenues and omics technologies target gene regulation to determine human or parasitic factors activated upon infection, their role in virulence activation, and in pathogenesis; this research bears in mind that E. histolytica is a resident of the complex intestinal ecosystem. The goal is to eradicate amoebiasis from the planet, but the parasitic life of E. histolytica is ancient and complex and will likely continue to evolve with humans. Advances in these topics are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Guillén
- Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS-ERM9195, Paris, France
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7
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Javier-Reyna R, Avalos-Padilla Y, Marion S. Editorial: Vesicular transport, the actin cytoskeleton and their involvement in virulence mechanisms during host-parasite interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1229067. [PMID: 37389219 PMCID: PMC10303806 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Javier-Reyna
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies-National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yunuen Avalos-Padilla
- Nanomalaria Joint Unit, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabrina Marion
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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8
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Jhingan GD, Manich M, Olivo-Marin JC, Guillen N. Live Cells Imaging and Comparative Phosphoproteomics Uncover Proteins from the Mechanobiome in Entamoeba histolytica. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108726. [PMID: 37240072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amoebiasis in humans. This amoeba invades human tissues by taking advantage of its actin-rich cytoskeleton to move, enter the tissue matrix, kill and phagocyte the human cells. During tissue invasion, E. histolytica moves from the intestinal lumen across the mucus layer and enters the epithelial parenchyma. Faced with the chemical and physical constraints of these diverse environments, E. histolytica has developed sophisticated systems to integrate internal and external signals and to coordinate cell shape changes and motility. Cell signalling circuits are driven by interactions between the parasite and extracellular matrix, combined with rapid responses from the mechanobiome in which protein phosphorylation plays an important role. To understand the role of phosphorylation events and related signalling mechanisms, we targeted phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases followed by live cell imaging and phosphoproteomics. The results highlight 1150 proteins, out of the 7966 proteins within the amoebic proteome, as members of the phosphoproteome, including signalling and structural molecules involved in cytoskeletal activities. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases alters phosphorylation in important members of these categories; a finding that correlates with changes in amoeba motility and morphology, as well as a decrease in actin-rich adhesive structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Manich
- Institut Pasteur, Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Biological Image Analysis Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
- Institut Pasteur, Biological Image Analysis Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nancy Guillen
- Institut Pasteur, Cell Biology of Parasitism Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Biological Image Analysis Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-ERL9195, 75015 Paris, France
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Yanagawa Y, Singh U. Diversity and Plasticity of Virulent Characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050255. [PMID: 37235303 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of clinical syndromes of amebiasis, caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, stems from the intricate interplay between the host immune system, the virulence of the invading parasite, and the surrounding environment. Although there is still a relative paucity of information about the precise relationship between virulence factors and the pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica, by accumulating data from clinical and basic research, researchers have identified essential pathogenic factors that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of amebiasis, providing important insights into disease development through animal models. Moreover, the parasite's genetic variability has been associated with differences in virulence and disease outcomes, making it important to fully understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of amebiasis. Deciphering the true mechanism of disease progression in humans caused by this parasite is made more difficult through its ability to demonstrate both genomic and pathological plasticity. The objective of this article is to underscore the heterogeneous nature of disease states and the malleable virulence characteristics in experimental models, while also identifying persistent scientific issues that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Yanagawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Upinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Walters HA, Welter BH, Knight EW, Villano MA, Keramati CA, Morris MT, Temesvari LA. Hypothetical proteins play a role in stage conversion, virulence, and the stress response in the Entamoeba species. Exp Parasitol 2022; 243:108410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Herrera-Martínez M, Hernández-Ramírez VI, Montaño S, Chávez-Munguía B, Hernández-Carlos B, Talamás-Rohana P. Alpha-terthienyl increases filamentous actin of Entamoeba histolytica. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 252:111512. [PMID: 36084901 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to know if alpha terthienyl (α-T) affects E. histolytica viability and to analyze its effect on the actin cytoskeleton. Trophozoites of E. histolytica HM1-IMSS were treated with α-T, then, cell viability and morphology were evaluated using tetrazolium salts and scanning electron microscopy, respectively; while actin filaments (F-actin) were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin, observed by confocal microscopy and quantified by fluorometry. Data showed that α-T inhibited cell viability of trophozoites (IC50, 19.43 µg / mL), affected the cell morphology, and increased the F-actin in a dose-dependent manner. Production of reactive oxygen species and RhoA-GTP levels remained normal in α-T-treated amebas. Two inhibitors that affect the organization of the trophozoites cytoskeleton, one that interacts directly with actin, Cytochalasin D (CD), and one that affects the Rho signaling pathway by inhibiting the downstream effector Rock, Y27632, were tested. Y27632 did not affect the increase of polymerized actin observed with α-T, this compound partially ameliorates the potent disrupting effects of CD on actin filaments. Docking results suggest that α-T could be an antagonist of CD for the same interaction zone in actin, however, more studies are needed to define the action mechanism of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Herrera-Martínez
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Carretera Teotitlán - San Antonio Nanahuatipán Km 1.7 s/n., Paraje Titlacuatitla, Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca 68540, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Sarita Montaño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Calzada de las Américas, Norte 2771, Ciudad Universitaria, Burócrata, Culiacán Rosales, Sinaloa 80030, Mexico.
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Carlos
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Agroindustrias, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Carretera a Acatlima Km. 2.5, Acatlima, Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca 69000, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Talamás-Rohana
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
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Avila-Bonilla RG, López-Sandoval Á, Soto-Sánchez J, Marchat LA, Rivera G, Medina-Contreras O, Ramírez-Moreno E. Proteomic and Functional Analysis of the Effects of Quinoxaline Derivatives on Entamoeba histolytica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887647. [PMID: 35832378 PMCID: PMC9271875 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoxalines are heterocyclic compounds that contain a benzene ring and a pyrazine ring. The oxidation of both nitrogen of the pyrazine ring results in quinoxaline derivatives (QdNO), which exhibit a variety of biological properties, including antiparasitic activity. However, its activity against Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan that causes human amebiasis, is poorly understood. Recently, our group reported that various QdNOs produce morphological changes in E. histolytica trophozoites, increase reactive oxygen species, and inhibit thioredoxin reductase activity. Notably, T-001 and T-017 derivatives were among the QdNOs with the best activity. In order to contribute to the characterization of the antiamebic effect of QdNOs, in this work we analyzed the proteomic profile of E. histolytica trophozoites treated with the QdNOs T-001 and T-017, and the results were correlated with functional assays. A total number of 163 deregulated proteins were found in trophozoites treated with T-001, and 131 in those treated with T-017. A set of 21 overexpressed and 24 under-expressed proteins was identified, which were mainly related to cytoskeleton and intracellular traffic, nucleic acid transcription, translation and binding, and redox homeostasis. Furthermore, T-001 and T-017 modified the virulence of trophozoites, since they altered their erythrophagocytosis, migration, adhesion and cytolytic capacity. Our results show that in addition to alter reactive oxygen species, and thioredoxin reductase activity, T-001 and T-017 affect essential functions related to the actin cytoskeleton, which eventually affects E. histolytica virulence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gamaliel Avila-Bonilla
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 2, México City, Mexico
| | - Ángel López-Sandoval
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 2, México City, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Soto-Sánchez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 2, México City, Mexico
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 2, México City, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Reynosa, Mexico
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica en Endocrinología y Nutrición (UIEEN), México City, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular 2, México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Esther Ramírez-Moreno, ;
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Ancient Origins of Cytoskeletal Crosstalk: Spectraplakin-like Proteins Precede the Emergence of Cortical Microtubule Stabilization Complexes as Crosslinkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105594. [PMID: 35628404 PMCID: PMC9145010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the prerequisites for multicellularity, motility, and tissue specialization. Focal adhesions (FAs) are defined as protein complexes that mediate signals from the ECM to major components of the cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments), and their mutual communication determines a variety of cellular processes. In this study, human cytoskeletal crosstalk proteins were identified by comparing datasets with experimentally determined cytoskeletal proteins. The spectraplakin dystonin was the only protein found in all datasets. Other proteins (FAK, RAC1, septin 9, MISP, and ezrin) were detected at the intersections of FAs, microtubules, and actin cytoskeleton. Homology searches for human crosstalk proteins as queries were performed against a predefined dataset of proteomes. This analysis highlighted the importance of FA communication with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, as these crosstalk proteins exhibit the highest degree of evolutionary conservation. Finally, phylogenetic analyses elucidated the early evolutionary history of spectraplakins and cortical microtubule stabilization complexes (CMSCs) as model representatives of the human cytoskeletal crosstalk. While spectraplakins probably arose at the onset of opisthokont evolution, the crosstalk between FAs and microtubules is associated with the emergence of metazoans. The multiprotein complexes contributing to cytoskeletal crosstalk in animals gradually gained in complexity from the onset of metazoan evolution.
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14
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CynthiaVanegas-Villa S, Milena Torres-Cifuentes D, Baylon-Pacheco L, Espíritu-Gordillo P, Durán-Díaz Á, Luis Rosales-Encina J, Omaña-Molina M. External pH Variations Modify Proliferation, Erythrophagocytosis, Cytoskeleton Remodeling, and Cell Morphology of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites. Protist 2022; 173:125857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Salgado-Martínez AI, Avila-Bonilla RG, Ramírez-Moreno E, Castañón-Sánchez CA, López-Camarillo C, Marchat LA. Unraveling the relevance of the polyadenylation factor EhCFIm25 in Entamoeba histolytica through proteomic analysis. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2819-2835. [PMID: 34486252 PMCID: PMC8487052 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that silencing of the polyadenylation factor EhCFIm25 in Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan which causes human amoebiasis, affects trophozoite proliferation, death, and virulence, suggesting that EhCFIm25 may have potential as a new biochemical target. Here, we performed a shotgun proteomic analysis to identify modulated proteins that could explain this phenotype. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027784. Our results revealed changes in the abundance of 75 proteins. Interestingly, STRING analysis, functional GO‐term annotations, KEGG analyses, and literature review showed that modulated proteins are mainly related to glycolysis and carbon metabolism, cytoskeleton dynamics, and parasite virulence, as well as gene expression and protein modifications. Further studies are needed to confirm the hypotheses emerging from this proteomic analysis, to thereby acquire a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular II, ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular II, ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Filić V, Mijanović L, Putar D, Talajić A, Ćetković H, Weber I. Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton via Rho GTPase Signalling in Dictyostelium and Mammalian Cells: A Parallel Slalom. Cells 2021; 10:1592. [PMID: 34202767 PMCID: PMC8305917 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Dictyostelium amoebae and mammalian cells are endowed with an elaborate actin cytoskeleton that enables them to perform a multitude of tasks essential for survival. Although these organisms diverged more than a billion years ago, their cells share the capability of chemotactic migration, large-scale endocytosis, binary division effected by actomyosin contraction, and various types of adhesions to other cells and to the extracellular environment. The composition and dynamics of the transient actin-based structures that are engaged in these processes are also astonishingly similar in these evolutionary distant organisms. The question arises whether this remarkable resemblance in the cellular motility hardware is accompanied by a similar correspondence in matching software, the signalling networks that govern the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Small GTPases from the Rho family play pivotal roles in the control of the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Indicatively, Dictyostelium matches mammals in the number of these proteins. We give an overview of the Rho signalling pathways that regulate the actin dynamics in Dictyostelium and compare them with similar signalling networks in mammals. We also provide a phylogeny of Rho GTPases in Amoebozoa, which shows a variability of the Rho inventories across different clades found also in Metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Filić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (D.P.); (A.T.); (H.Ć.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Weber
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (D.P.); (A.T.); (H.Ć.)
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17
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Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Immune Response to the Enteric Parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:244-260. [PMID: 32490746 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00038.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite responsible for amoebiasis, a disease with a high prevalence in developing countries. Establishing an amoebic infection involves interplay between pathogenic factors for invasion and tissue damage, and immune responses for protecting the host. Here, we review the pathogenicity of E. histolytica and summarize the latest knowledge on immune response and immune evasion mechanisms during amoebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Comparative proteomic profiling of newly acquired, virulent and attenuated Neoparamoeba perurans proteins associated with amoebic gill disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6830. [PMID: 33767232 PMCID: PMC7994405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of amoebic gill disease, Neoparamoeba perurans is reported to lose virulence during prolonged in vitro maintenance. In this study, the impact of prolonged culture on N. perurans virulence and its proteome was investigated. Two isolates, attenuated and virulent, had their virulence assessed in an experimental trial using Atlantic salmon smolts and their bacterial community composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Soluble proteins were isolated from three isolates: a newly acquired, virulent and attenuated N. perurans culture. Proteins were analysed using two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The challenge trial using naïve smolts confirmed a loss in virulence in the attenuated N. perurans culture. A greater diversity of bacterial communities was found in the microbiome of the virulent isolate in contrast to a reduction in microbial community richness in the attenuated microbiome. A collated proteome database of N. perurans, Amoebozoa and four bacterial genera resulted in 24 proteins differentially expressed between the three cultures. The present LC-MS/MS results indicate protein synthesis, oxidative stress and immunomodulation are upregulated in a newly acquired N. perurans culture and future studies may exploit these protein identifications for therapeutic purposes in infected farmed fish.
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19
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Medina-Rosales MN, Muñoz-Ortega MH, García-Hernández MH, Talamás-Rohana P, Medina-Ramírez IE, Salas-Morón LG, Martínez-Hernández SL, Ávila-Blanco ME, Medina-Rosales B, Ventura-Juárez J. Acetylcholine Upregulates Entamoeba histolytica Virulence Factors, Enhancing Parasite Pathogenicity in Experimental Liver Amebiasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:586354. [PMID: 33585267 PMCID: PMC7876292 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.586354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is an invasive enteric protozoan, whose infections are associated to high morbidity and mortality rates. However, only less than 10% of infected patients develop invasive amebiasis. The ability of E. histolytica to adapt to the intestinal microenvironment could be determinant in triggering pathogenic behavior. Indeed, during chronic inflammation, the vagus nerve limits the immune response through the anti-inflammatory reflex, which includes acetylcholine (ACh) as one of the predominant neurotransmitters at the infection site. Consequently, the response of E. histolytica trophozoites to ACh could be implicated in the establishment of invasive disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ACh on E. histolytica virulence. Methods include binding detection of ACh to plasma membrane, quantification of the relative expression of virulence factors by RT-PCR and western blot, evaluation of the effect of ACh in different cellular processes related to E. histolytica pathogenesis, and assessment of the capability of E. histolytica to migrate and form hepatic abscesses in hamsters. Results demonstrated that E. histolytica trophozoites bind ACh on their membrane and show a clear increase of the expression of virulence factors, that were upregulated upon stimulation with the neurotransmitter. ACh treatment increased the expression of L220, Gal/GalNAc lectin heavy subunit (170 kDa), amebapore C, cysteine proteinase 2 (ehcp-a2), and cysteine proteinase 5 (ehcp-a5). Moreover, erythrophagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and actin cytoskeleton remodeling were augmented after ACh treatment. Likewise, by assessing the formation of amebic liver abscess, we found that stimulated trophozoites to develop greater hamster hepatic lesions with multiple granulomas. In conclusion, ACh enhanced parasite pathogenicity by upregulating diverse virulence factors, thereby contributing to disease severity, and could be linked to the establishment of invasive amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nayeli Medina-Rosales
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia Talamás-Rohana
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Larissa Guadalupe Salas-Morón
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Sandra Luz Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Manuel Enrique Ávila-Blanco
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Medina-Rosales
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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20
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Abstract
Bioimage analysis (BIA) has historically helped study how and why cells move; biological experiments evolved in intimate feedback with the most classical image processing techniques because they contribute objectivity and reproducibility to an eminently qualitative science. Cell segmentation, tracking, and morphology descriptors are all discussed here. Using ameboid motility as a case study, these methods help us illustrate how proper quantification can augment biological data, for example, by choosing mathematical representations that amplify initially subtle differences, by statistically uncovering general laws or by integrating physical insight. More recently, the non-invasive nature of quantitative imaging is fertilizing two blooming fields: mechanobiology, where many biophysical measurements remain inaccessible, and microenvironments, where the quest for physiological relevance has exploded data size. From relief to remedy, this trend indicates that BIA is to become a main vector of biological discovery as human visual analysis struggles against ever more complex data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Boquet-Pujadas
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris Cedex 15 75724, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris Cedex 15 75724, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Nancy Guillén
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris Cedex 15 75724, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS ERL9195, Paris, France
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21
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Velle KB, Fritz-Laylin LK. Conserved actin machinery drives microtubule-independent motility and phagocytosis in Naegleria. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202007158. [PMID: 32960946 PMCID: PMC7594500 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of our understanding of actin-driven phenotypes in eukaryotes has come from the "yeast-to-human" opisthokont lineage and the related amoebozoa. Outside of these groups lies the genus Naegleria, which shared a common ancestor with humans >1 billion years ago and includes the "brain-eating amoeba." Unlike nearly all other known eukaryotic cells, Naegleria amoebae lack interphase microtubules; this suggests that actin alone drives phenotypes like cell crawling and phagocytosis. Naegleria therefore represents a powerful system to probe actin-driven functions in the absence of microtubules, yet surprisingly little is known about its actin cytoskeleton. Using genomic analysis, microscopy, and molecular perturbations, we show that Naegleria encodes conserved actin nucleators and builds Arp2/3-dependent lamellar protrusions. These protrusions correlate with the capacity to migrate and eat bacteria. Because human cells also use Arp2/3-dependent lamellar protrusions for motility and phagocytosis, this work supports an evolutionarily ancient origin for these processes and establishes Naegleria as a natural model system for studying microtubule-independent cytoskeletal phenotypes.
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22
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Saito-Nakano Y, Wahyuni R, Nakada-Tsukui K, Tomii K, Nozaki T. Rab7D small GTPase is involved in phago-, trogocytosis and cytoskeletal reorganization in the enteric protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13267. [PMID: 32975360 PMCID: PMC7757265 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rab small GTPases regulate membrane traffic between distinct cellular compartments of all eukaryotes in a tempo‐spatially specific fashion. Rab small GTPases are also involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton and signalling. Membrane traffic and cytoskeletal regulation play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica, which is a protozoan parasite responsible for human amebiasis. E. histolytica is unique in that its genome encodes over 100 Rab proteins, containing multiple isotypes of conserved members (e.g., Rab7) and Entamoeba‐specific subgroups (e.g., RabA, B, and X). Among them, E. histolytica Rab7 is the most diversified group consisting of nine isotypes. While it was previously demonstrated that EhRab7A and EhRab7B are involved in lysosome and phagosome biogenesis, the individual roles of other Rab7 members and their coordination remain elusive. In this study, we characterised the third member of Rab7, Rab7D, to better understand the significance of the multiplicity of Rab7 isotypes in E. histolytica. Overexpression of EhRab7D caused reduction in phagocytosis of erythrocytes, trogocytosis (meaning nibbling or chewing of a portion) of live mammalian cells, and phagosome acidification and maturation. Conversely, transcriptional gene silencing of EhRab7D gene caused opposite phenotypes in phago/trogocytosis and phagosome maturation. Furthermore, EhRab7D gene silencing caused reduction in the attachment to and the motility on the collagen‐coated surface. Image analysis showed that EhRab7D was occasionally associated with lysosomes and prephagosomal vacuoles, but not with mature phagosomes and trogosomes. Finally, in silico prediction of structural organisation of EhRab7 isotypes identified unique amino acid changes on the effector binding surface of EhRab7D. Taken together, our data suggest that EhRab7D plays coordinated counteracting roles: a inhibitory role in phago/trogocytosis and lyso/phago/trogosome biogenesis, and an stimulatory role in adherence and motility, presumably via interaction with unique effectors. Finally, we propose the model in which three EhRab7 isotypes are sequentially involved in phago/trogocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Saito-Nakano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ratna Wahyuni
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tomii
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC) and Real World Big-Data Computation Open Innovation Laboratory (RWBC-OIL), National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Rath PP, Gourinath S. The actin cytoskeleton orchestra in Entamoeba histolytica. Proteins 2020; 88:1361-1375. [PMID: 32506560 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Years of evolution have kept actin conserved throughout various clades of life. It is an essential protein starring in many cellular processes. In a primitive eukaryote named Entamoeba histolytica, actin directs the process of phagocytosis. A finely tuned coordination between various actin-binding proteins (ABPs) choreographs this process and forms one of the virulence factors for this protist pathogen. The ever-expanding world of ABPs always has space to accommodate new and varied types of proteins to the earlier existing repertoire. In this article, we report the identification of 390 ABPs from Entamoeba histolytica. These proteins are part of diverse families that have been known to regulate actin dynamics. Most of the proteins are primarily uncharacterized in this organism; however, this study aims to annotate the ABPs based on their domain arrangements. A unique characteristic about some of the ABPs found is the combination of domains present in them unlike any other reported till date. Calponin domain-containing proteins formed the largest group among all types with 38 proteins, followed by 29 proteins with the infamous BAR domain in them, and 23 proteins belonging to actin-related proteins. The other protein families had a lesser number of members. Presence of exclusive domain arrangements in these proteins could guide us to yet unknown actin regulatory mechanisms prevalent in nature. This article is the first step to unraveling them.
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24
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Huerta M, Reyes L, García-Rivera G, Bañuelos C, Betanzos A, Díaz-Hernández M, Galindo A, Bolaños J, Cárdenas H, Azuara-Liceaga E, Chávez-Munguía B, Orozco E. A noncanonical GATA transcription factor of Entamoeba histolytica modulates genes involved in phagocytosis. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:1019-1037. [PMID: 32808689 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we explored the presence of GATA in Entamoeba histolytica and their function as regulators of phagocytosis-related genes. Bioinformatics analyses evidenced a single 579 bp sequence encoding for a protein (EhGATA), smaller than GATA factors of other organisms. EhGATA appeared phylogenetically close to Dictyostelium discoideum and Schistosoma mansoni GATA proteins. Its sequence predicts the presence of a zinc-finger DNA binding domain and an AT-Hook motif; it also has two nuclear localization signals. By transmission electron and confocal microscopy, anti-EhGATA antibodies revealed the protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and 65% of nuclear signal was in the heterochromatin. EhGATA recombinant protein and trophozoites nuclear extracts bound to GATA-DNA consensus sequence. By in silico scrutiny, 1,610 gene promoters containing GATA-binding sequences appeared, including Ehadh and Ehvps32 promoters, whose genes participate in phagocytosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that EhGATA interact with Ehadh and Ehvps32 promoters. In EhGATA-overexpressing trophozoites (NeoGATA), the Ehadh and Ehvps32 mRNAs amount was modified, strongly supporting that EhGATA could regulate their transcription. NeoGATA trophozoites exhibited rounded shapes, high proliferation rates, and diminished erythrophagocytosis. Our results provide new insights into the role of EhGATA as a noncanonical transcription factor, regulating genes associated with phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Huerta
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luz Reyes
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guillermina García-Rivera
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Programa de Doctorado Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico para la Sociedad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mitzi Díaz-Hernández
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ausencio Galindo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jeni Bolaños
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Helios Cárdenas
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elisa Azuara-Liceaga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Esther Orozco
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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25
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Marchat LA, Hernández-de la Cruz ON, Ramírez-Moreno E, Silva-Cázares MB, López-Camarillo C. Proteomics approaches to understand cell biology and virulence of Entamoeba histolytica protozoan parasite. J Proteomics 2020; 226:103897. [PMID: 32652218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the primitive eukaryotic parasite responsible of human amoebiasis, a disease characterized by bloody intestinal diarrhea and invasive extraintestinal illness. The knowledge of the complete genome sequence of virulent E. histolytica and related non-pathogenic species allowed the development of novel genome-wide methodological approaches including protein expression profiling and cellular proteomics in the so called post-genomic era. Proteomics studies have greatly increased our understanding of the cell biology of this ancient parasite. This review summarizes the current works concerning proteomics studies on cell biology, life cycle, virulence and pathogenesis, novel therapies, and protein expression regulation mechanisms in E. histolytica parasite. Also, we discuss the use of proteomics data for the development of novel therapies, the identification of potential disease biomarkers and differential diagnosis between species. SIGNIFICANCE: Entamoeba histolytica is the unicellular protozoan parasite responsible of human amoebiasis, a serious disease with worldwide distribution characterized by bloody intestinal diarrhea and invasive extraintestinal illness including peritonitis and liver, pulmonary and brain abscesses. The post-genomic era allowed the development of proteomic studies including protein expression profiling and cellular proteomics. These proteomics studies have greatly increased our understanding on cell biology, life cycle (cyst-trophozoite conversion), virulence, pathogenesis, novel therapies, and protein expression regulation mechanisms in E. histolytica. Importantly, proteomics has revealed the identity of proteins related to novel therapies, and the identification of potential disease biomarkers and proteins with use in diagnosis between species. Hopefully in the coming years, and through the use of more sophisticated omics tools, including deep proteomics, a more complete set of proteins involved in the aforementioned cellular processes can be obtained to understand the biology of this ancient eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, ENMH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México.
| | | | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, ENMH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - Macrina B Silva-Cázares
- Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencias de Materiales, Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX, México.
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Tripathi A, Jain M, Chandra M, Parveen S, Yadav R, Collins BM, Maiti S, Datta S. EhC2B, a C2 domain-containing protein, promotes erythrophagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica via actin nucleation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008489. [PMID: 32365140 PMCID: PMC7197785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli is obligatory for many cellular processes in the amoebic cell. A rapid and local rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is required for the development of the cellular protrusions during phagocytosis, trogocytosis, migration, and invasion. Here, we demonstrated that EhC2B, a C2 domain-containing protein, is an actin modulator. EhC2B was first identified as an effector of EhRab21 from E. histolytica. In vitro interaction studies including GST pull-down, fluorescence-based assay and ITC also corroborated with our observation. In the amoebic trophozoites, EhC2B accumulates at the pseudopods and the tips of phagocytic cups. FRAP based studies confirmed the recruitment and dynamics of EhC2B at the phagocytic cup. Moreover, we have shown the role of EhC2B in erythrophagocytosis. It is well known that calcium-dependent signal transduction is essential for the cytoskeletal dynamics during phagocytosis in the amoebic parasite. Using liposome pelleting assay, we demonstrated that EhC2B preferentially binds to the phosphatidylserine in the presence of calcium. The EhC2B mutants defective in calcium or lipid-binding failed to localise beneath the plasma membrane. The cells overexpressing these mutants have also shown a significant reduction in erythrophagocytosis. The role of EhC2B in erythrophagocytosis and pseudopod formation was also validated by siRNA-based gene knockdown approach. Finally, with the help of in vitro nucleation assay using fluorescence spectroscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we have established that EhC2B is an actin nucleator. Collectively, based on the results from the study, we propose that EhC2B acts like a molecular bridge which promotes membrane deformation via its actin nucleation activity during the progression of the phagocytic cup in a calcium-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Megha Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Mintu Chandra
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Rupali Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Brett M. Collins
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sunando Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
- * E-mail:
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27
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Talamás-Lara D, Rosales-Encina JL, Chávez-Munguía B, Acosta-Virgen K, Hernández-Ramírez VI, Salazar-Villatoro L, Espinosa-Cantellano M, Martínez-Palomo A, Talamás-Rohana P. Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar: Morphological and Behavioral Differences Induced by Fibronectin through GTPases Activation and Actin-Binding Proteins. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 67:491-504. [PMID: 32302033 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Early steps of tissue invasion by Entamoeba histolytica are mediated by adhesion and migration through matrix components such as fibronectin with the participation of the actin cytoskeleton. Striking differences in their produced structures, movement, and migration were found. These observations suggest differential changes in their ability to organize the actin cytoskeleton and, therefore, to modify its morphology after adhesion to fibronectin. To understand these observations, we explore deeper the cytoskeleton pathway of E. histolytica compared to Entamoeba dispar, analyzing the activation and involvement of actin cytoskeleton regulatory proteins such as small GTPases (Rho, Rac1 and Cdc42), myosin IB, paxillin, alpha-actinin, and ARP2/3 during interaction with fibronectin. Results showed a higher activation of Rac1 in E. histolytica compared to E. dispar, while Cdc42 and RhoA were equally activated in both amebae; besides, variations in the amount of myosin IB, paxillin, and ARP2/3 were detected among these species, coinciding and reflected in formation of lamellipodia in E. histolytica and filopodia in E. dispar. These could partially explain the higher invasive capacity of E. histolytica compared to E. dispar, due to its pleomorphic ability, high motility, migration, activation, and abundance of proteins involved in the cytoskeleton arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Talamás-Lara
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Rosales-Encina
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla Acosta-Virgen
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Espinosa-Cantellano
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Martínez-Palomo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Talamás-Rohana
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
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28
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Shaulov Y, Nagaraja S, Sarid L, Trebicz-Geffen M, Ankri S. Formation of oxidised (OX) proteins in Entamoeba histolytica exposed to auranofin and consequences on the parasite virulence. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13174. [PMID: 32017328 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metronidazole (MNZ), the first line drug for amoebiasis and auranofin (AF), an emerging antiprotozoan drug, are both inhibiting Entamoeba histolytica thioredoxin reductase. The nature of oxidised proteins (OXs) formed in AF- or MNZ-treated E. histolytica trophozoites is unknown. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we performed a large-scale identification and quantification of the OXs formed in AF- or MNZ-treated E. histolytica trophozoites using resin-assisted capture coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). We detected 661 OXs in MNZ-treated trophozoites and 583 OXs in AF-treated trophozoites. More than 50% of these OXs were shared, and their functions include hydrolases, enzyme modulators, transferases, nucleic acid binding proteins, oxidoreductases, cytoskeletal proteins, chaperones, and ligases. Here, we report that the formation of actin filaments (F-actin) is impaired in AF-treated trophozoites. Consequently, their erythrophagocytosis, cytopathic activity, and their motility are impaired. We also observed that less than 15% of OXs present in H2 O2 -treated trophozoites are also present in AF- or MNZ-treated trophozoites. These results strongly suggest that the formation of OXs in AF- or MNZ-treated trophozoites and in H2 O2 -treated trophozoites occurred by two different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Shaulov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shruti Nagaraja
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lotem Sarid
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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29
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Guillén N. The interaction betweenEntamoeba histolyticaand enterobacteria shed light on an ancient antibacterial response. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13039. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Guillén
- Institut Pasteur Paris France
- INSBCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS‐ERL9195 Paris France
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30
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Abstract
In macropinocytosis, cells take up micrometre-sized droplets of medium into internal vesicles. These vesicles are acidified and fused to lysosomes, their contents digested and useful compounds extracted. Indigestible contents can be exocytosed. Macropinocytosis has been known for approaching 100 years and is described in both metazoa and amoebae, but not in plants or fungi. Its evolutionary origin goes back to at least the common ancestor of the amoebozoa and opisthokonts, with apparent secondary loss from fungi. The primary function of macropinocytosis in amoebae and some cancer cells is feeding, but the conserved processing pathway for macropinosomes, which involves shrinkage and the retrieval of membrane to the cell surface, has been adapted in immune cells for antigen presentation. Macropinocytic cups are large actin-driven processes, closely related to phagocytic cups and pseudopods and appear to be organized around a conserved signalling patch of PIP3, active Ras and active Rac that directs actin polymerization to its periphery. Patches can form spontaneously and must be sustained by excitable kinetics with strong cooperation from the actin cytoskeleton. Growth-factor signalling shares core components with macropinocytosis, based around phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), and we suggest that it evolved to take control of ancient feeding structures through a coupled growth factor receptor. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert R. Kay
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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Synthetic bovine lactoferrin peptide Lfampin kills Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites by necrosis and resolves amoebic intracecal infection in mice. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180850. [PMID: 30429239 PMCID: PMC6328891 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebiasis caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica remains a public health problem in developing countries, making the identification of new anti-amoebic compounds a continuing priority. Previously, we have shown that lactoferrin (Lf) and several Lf-derived peptides exhibit in vitro anti-amoebic activity independently of their iron-binding activity. Here, we evaluated the amoebicidal effect of synthetic Lf-derived peptides Lfcin-B, Lfcin 17-30, and Lfampin, analyzed the mechanism of death induced by the peptides and determined their therapeutic effects on murine intestinal amoebiasis. MTT assays in trophozoite cultures of E. histolytica exposed to each peptide (1–1000 μM) showed that Lfampin is far more amoebicidal than Lfcins. Lfampin killed 80% of trophozoites at doses higher than 100 μM in 24 h, and FACs analysis using Annexin V/propidium iodide showed that death occurred mainly by necrosis. In contrast, Lfcin-B and Lfcin 17-30 appeared to have no significant effect on amoebic viability. FACs and confocal microscopy analysis using FITC-labeled peptides showed that all three peptides are internalized by the amoeba mainly using receptor (PI3K signaling) and actin-dependent pathways but independent of clathrin. Docking studies identified cholesterol in the amoeba’s plasma membrane as a possible target of Lfampin. Oral treatment of intracecally infected mice with the abovementioned peptides at 10 mg/kg for 4 days showed that Lfampin resolved 100% of the cases of intestinal amoebiasis, whereas Lfcin 17-30 and Lfcin-B were effective in resolving infection in 80 and 70% of cases, respectively. These data show that although synthetic bovine Lf-derived peptides exhibit varying amoebicidal potentials in vitro, they do resolve murine intestinal amoebiasis efficiently, suggesting that they may be useful as a therapeutic treatment.
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32
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Hernández‐Cuevas NA, Jhingan GD, Petropolis D, Vargas M, Guillen N. Acetylation is the most abundant actin modification in
Entamoeba histolytica
and modifications of actin's amino‐terminal domain change cytoskeleton activities. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12983. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debora Petropolis
- Institut Pasteur Unité Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme Paris France
- INSERM Unit 786 Paris France
| | - Miguel Vargas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados CINVESTAV Mexico City Mexico
| | - Nancy Guillen
- Institut Pasteur Unité Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme Paris France
- INSERM Unit 786 Paris France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL9195 Paris France
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