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Ding M, Wei X, Liu C, Tan X. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction alleviates allergic rhinitis by inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-N-mediated pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118041. [PMID: 38479543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent nasal inflammatory disorder, and pyroptosis plays a crucial role in aggravating AR. Current medications for AR treatment still have deficiencies, and finding new agents is of great interest. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction (MFXD), an ancient Chinese medicine, is now commonly used to treat AR, which has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, but its underlying mechanism is unknown. AIM OF THIS STUDY This study aims to evaluate the effects of MFXD on AR and explore its potential mechanisms in view of the regulatory effect on pyroptosis. METHODS MFXD, Mahuang, Fuzi, and Xixin water extracts were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. In in vivo study, the effects of MFXD on AR treatment were evaluated in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model. Mice were administered saline (control and model groups), MFXD (1.375, 2.75 g/kg), and dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) for 13 days. AR symptoms were evaluated by blinded observers. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 p10/p20, GSDMD-N and IL-1β) in AR mouse nasal mucosa were estimated by immunohistochemistry. In in vivtro study, the effects of MFXD on pyroptosis were assessed in human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and incubated with MFXD (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL). Pyroptosis-related protein expression was measured by western blotting. RESULTS Thirty-three compounds in MFXD were identified, including ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, higenamine, aconine, aconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylhypaconine and hypaconitine. In the in vivo study, oral taken of MFXD/dexamethasone significantly ameliorated AR symptoms, reduced swelling of the nasal mucosa, and decreased the levels of IgE and histamine in AR mice serum. MFXD/dexamethasone attenuated histopathological changes and reduced the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in nasal mucosa, indicating the inhibitory effect on nasal epithelial pyroptosis. In the in vitro study, MFXD (50 μg/mL) significantly alleviated cytotoxicity, protected cells from swelling and rupture, and downregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in LPS/ATP-induced HNEpCs. CONCLUSION MFXD suppressed nasal epithelial pyroptosis by inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-N signaling pathway, which alleviates AR. Our results offer valuable insights into potential AR therapies and provide evidence for the clinical utilization of MFXD to treat AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaohan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Changshun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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An Q, Cao Y, Guo W, Jiang Z, Luo H, Liu H, Zhan X. Identification of common genes of rhinovirus single/double‑stranded RNA‑induced asthma deterioration by bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:210. [PMID: 38590566 PMCID: PMC11000450 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is the most common respiratory virus affecting humans. The majority of asthma deteriorations are triggered by RV infections. However, whether the effects of RV single- and double-stranded RNA on asthma deterioration have common target genes needs to be further studied. In the present study, two datasets (GSE51392 and GSE30326) were used to screen for common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs). The molecular function, signaling pathways, interaction networks, hub genes, key modules and regulatory molecules of cDEGs were systematically analyzed using online tools such as Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, STRING and NetworkAnalyst. Finally, the hub genes STAT1 and IFIH1 were verified in clinical samples using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A total of 85 cDEGs were identified. Function analysis revealed that cDEGs served an important role in the innate immune response to viruses and its regulation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), DExD/H box helicase 58 (DDX58) and interferon-stimulating gene 15 (ISG15) were detected to be hub genes based on the protein-protein interactions and six topological algorithms. A key module involved in influenza A, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, was identified using Cytoscape software. The hub genes were regulated by GATA-binding factor 2 and microRNA-146a-5p. In addition, RT-qPCR indicated that the expression levels of the hub genes STAT1 and IFIH1 were low during asthma deterioration compared with post-treatment recovery samples. The present study enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of RV-induced asthma deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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Yarlagadda T, Zhu Y, Snape N, Carey A, Bryan E, Maresco-Pennisi D, Coleman A, Cervin A, Spann K. Lactobacillus rhamnosus dampens cytokine and chemokine secretion from primary human nasal epithelial cells infected with rhinovirus. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae018. [PMID: 38268489 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on viral replication and cellular response to human rhinovirus (HRV) infection, including the secretion of antiviral and inflammatory mediators from well-differentiated nasal epithelial cells (WD-NECs). METHODS AND RESULTS The WD-NECs from healthy adult donors (N = 6) were cultured in vitro, exposed to different strains of L. rhamnosus (D3189, D3160, or LB21), and infected with HRV (RV-A16) after 24 h. Survival and adherence capacity of L. rhamnosus in a NEC environment were confirmed using CFSE-labelled isolates, immunofluorescent staining, and confocal microscopy. Shed virus and viral replication were quantified using TCID50 assays and RT-qPCR, respectively. Cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Pro-inflammatory mediators were measured by multiplex immunoassay, and interferon (IFN)-λ1/3 was measured using a standard ELISA kit. Lactobacillus rhamnosus was able to adhere to and colonize WD-NECs prior to the RV-A16 infection. Lactobacillus rhamnosus did not affect shed RV-A16, viral replication, RV-A16-induced IFN-λ1/3 production, or LDH release. Pre-exposure to L. rhamnosus, particularly D3189, reduced the secretion of RV-A16-induced pro-inflammatory mediators by WD-NECs. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that L. rhamnosus differentially modulates RV-A16-induced innate inflammatory immune responses in primary NECs from healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejasri Yarlagadda
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Yanshan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Natale Snape
- University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Alison Carey
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Emily Bryan
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Diane Maresco-Pennisi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Andrea Coleman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Anders Cervin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Kirsten Spann
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
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Bravo M, Diaz-Chamorro S, Garrido-Jiménez S, Blanco J, Simón I, García W, Montero MJ, Gonçalves P, Martínez C, Cumplido-Laso G, Benítez DA, Mulero-Navarro S, Centeno F, Román ÁC, Fernández-Llario P, Cerrato R, Carvajal-González JM. Immunomodulatory effects of inactivated Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 9609 on respiratory epithelial cells. Vet Res 2023; 54:91. [PMID: 37845774 PMCID: PMC10580541 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota in humans and animals play crucial roles in defense against pathogens and offer a promising natural source for immunomodulatory products. However, the development of physiologically relevant model systems and protocols for testing such products remains challenging. In this study, we present an experimental condition where various natural products derived from the registered lactic acid bacteria Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 9609, known for their immunomodulatory activity, were tested. These products included live and inactivated bacteria, as well as fermentation products at different concentrations and culture times. Using our established model system, we observed no morphological changes in the airway epithelium upon exposure to Pasteurella multocida, a common respiratory pathogen. However, early molecular changes associated with the innate immune response were detected through transcript analysis. By employing diverse methodologies ranging from microscopy to next-generation sequencing (NGS), we characterized the interaction of these natural products with the airway epithelium and their potential beneficial effects in the presence of P. multocida infection. In particular, our discovery highlights that among all Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 9609 products tested, only inactivated cells preserve the conformation and morphology of respiratory epithelial cells, while also reversing or altering the natural immune responses triggered by Pasteurella multocida. These findings lay the groundwork for further exploration into the protective role of these bacteria and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selene Diaz-Chamorro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Garrido-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guadalupe Cumplido-Laso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Dixan Agustín Benítez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sonia Mulero-Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Centeno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel Carlos Román
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | | | - José María Carvajal-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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Spector C, De Sanctis CM, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White CJ. Rhinovirus induces airway remodeling: what are the physiological consequences? Respir Res 2023; 24:238. [PMID: 37773065 PMCID: PMC10540383 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infections commonly evoke asthma exacerbations in children and adults. Recurrent asthma exacerbations are associated with injury-repair responses in the airways that collectively contribute to airway remodeling. The physiological consequences of airway remodeling can manifest as irreversible airway obstruction and diminished responsiveness to bronchodilators. Structural cells of the airway, including epithelial cells, smooth muscle, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and adjacent lung vascular endothelial cells represent an understudied and emerging source of cellular and extracellular soluble mediators and matrix components that contribute to airway remodeling in a rhinovirus-evoked inflammatory environment. MAIN BODY While mechanistic pathways associated with rhinovirus-induced airway remodeling are still not fully characterized, infected airway epithelial cells robustly produce type 2 cytokines and chemokines, as well as pro-angiogenic and fibroblast activating factors that act in a paracrine manner on neighboring airway cells to stimulate remodeling responses. Morphological transformation of structural cells in response to rhinovirus promotes remodeling phenotypes including induction of mucus hypersecretion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Rhinovirus exposure elicits airway hyperresponsiveness contributing to irreversible airway obstruction. This obstruction can occur as a consequence of sub-epithelial thickening mediated by smooth muscle migration and myofibroblast activity, or through independent mechanisms mediated by modulation of the β2 agonist receptor activation and its responsiveness to bronchodilators. Differential cellular responses emerge in response to rhinovirus infection that predispose asthmatic individuals to persistent signatures of airway remodeling, including exaggerated type 2 inflammation, enhanced extracellular matrix deposition, and robust production of pro-angiogenic mediators. CONCLUSIONS Few therapies address symptoms of rhinovirus-induced airway remodeling, though understanding the contribution of structural cells to these processes may elucidate future translational targets to alleviate symptoms of rhinovirus-induced exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Spector
- Rutgers Institute for Translation Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Camden M De Sanctis
- Rutgers Institute for Translation Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Sorrentino L, Toscanelli W, Fracella M, De Angelis M, Frasca F, Scagnolari C, Petrarca L, Nenna R, Midulla F, Palamara AT, Nencioni L, Pierangeli A. NRF2 Antioxidant Response and Interferon-Stimulated Genes Are Differentially Expressed in Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus- and Rhinovirus-Infected Hospitalized Children. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040577. [PMID: 37111463 PMCID: PMC10144743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) are frequent causes of the hospitalization of children; nonetheless, RSV is responsible for the most severe and life-threatening illnesses. Viral infection triggers an inflammatory response, activating interferon (IFN)-mediated responses, including IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) expression with antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. In parallel, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), whose antioxidant activity can reduce inflammation by interacting with the NF-kB pathway and the IFN response. To clarify how the interplay of IFN and NRF2 may impact on clinical severity, we enrolled children hospitalized for bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and measured gene expression of type-I and III IFNs, of several ISGs, of NRF2 and antioxidant-related genes, i.e., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [Quinone] 1 (NQO1) in RSV- (RSV-A N = 33 and RSV-B N = 30) and HRV (N = 22)-positive respiratory samples. NRF2 and HO1 expression is significantly elevated in children with HRV infection compared to RSV (p = 0.012 and p = 0.007, respectively), whereas ISG15 and ISG56 expression is higher in RSV-infected children (p = 0.016 and p = 0.049, respectively). Children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) had reduced NRF2 expression (p = 0.002). These data suggest, for the first time, that lower activation of the NRF2 antioxidant response in RSV-infected infants may contribute to bronchiolitis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Toscanelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Subramaniyan B, Gurung S, Bodas M, Moore AR, Larabee JL, Reuter D, Georgescu C, Wren JD, Myers DA, Papin JF, Walters MS. The Isolation and In Vitro Differentiation of Primary Fetal Baboon Tracheal Epithelial Cells for the Study of SARS-CoV-2 Host-Virus Interactions. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040862. [PMID: 37112842 PMCID: PMC10146425 DOI: 10.3390/v15040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucociliary airway epithelium lines the human airways and is the primary site of host-environmental interactions in the lung. Following virus infection, airway epithelial cells initiate an innate immune response to suppress virus replication. Therefore, defining the virus-host interactions of the mucociliary airway epithelium is critical for understanding the mechanisms that regulate virus infection, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Non-human primates (NHP) are closely related to humans and provide a model to study human disease. However, ethical considerations and high costs can restrict the use of in vivo NHP models. Therefore, there is a need to develop in vitro NHP models of human respiratory virus infection that would allow for rapidly characterizing virus tropism and the suitability of specific NHP species to model human infection. Using the olive baboon (Papio anubis), we have developed methodologies for the isolation, in vitro expansion, cryopreservation, and mucociliary differentiation of primary fetal baboon tracheal epithelial cells (FBTECs). Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vitro differentiated FBTECs are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection and produce a potent host innate-immune response. In summary, we have developed an in vitro NHP model that provides a platform for the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other human respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathiraja Subramaniyan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Sunam Gurung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (S.G.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Manish Bodas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Jason L. Larabee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Darlene Reuter
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.G.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.G.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Dean A. Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (S.G.); (D.A.M.)
| | - James F. Papin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.P.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Matthew S. Walters
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee SH, Han MS, Lee TH, Lee DB, Park JH, Lee SH, Kim TH. Hydrogen peroxide attenuates rhinovirus-induced anti-viral interferon secretion in sinonasal epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1086381. [PMID: 36860857 PMCID: PMC9968966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered innate defense mechanisms, including an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants release, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study is to investigate whether oxidative stress may attenuate the secretion of anti-viral interferons in human sinonasal mucosa. Methods The levels of H2O2 in nasal secretion were increased in patients with CRS with nasal polyps, compared with that of CRS patients without nasal polyps and control subjects. Normal sinonasal epithelial cells derived from healthy subjects were cultured under an air-liquid interface. The cultured cells were infected with rhinovirus 16 (RV 16) or treated with poly (I: C), TLR3 agonist, after being pretreated with an oxidative stressor, H2O2 or antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Thereafter, the expression levels of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 and λ2) interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were evaluated with RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blot. Results The data showed that the production of type I (IFN-β) and type III (IFN-λ1 and λ2) interferons and ISGs was upregulated in cells infected with RV 16 or treated with poly (I: C). However, their up-regulated expression was attenuated in cells pretreated with H2O2, but not inhibited in cells pretreated with NAC. In line with these data, the up-regulated expression of TLR3, RIG-1, MDA5, and IRF3 was reduced in cells pretreated with H2O2, but not attenuated in cells treated with NAC. Furthermore, cells transfected with Nrf2 siRNA showed decreased secretion of anti-viral interferons whereas sulforaphane treatment enhanced the secretory capacity of antiviral interferons. Conclusions These results suggest that the production of RV16-induced antiviral interferons may be attenuated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Soo Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Bin Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Meng Y, Lin S, Niu K, Ma Z, Lin H, Fan H. Vimentin affects inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in airway epithelium during Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection. Vet Res 2023; 54:7. [PMID: 36717839 PMCID: PMC9885403 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) frequently colonizes the swine upper respiratory tract and can cause Streptococcal disease in swine with clinical manifestations of pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Previously, we have shown that vimentin, a kind of intermediate filament protein, is involved in the penetration of SS2 through the tracheal epithelial barrier. The initiation of invasive disease is closely related to SS2-induced excessive local inflammation; however, the role of vimentin in airway epithelial inflammation remains unclear. Here, we show that vimentin deficient mice exhibit attenuated lung injury, diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the IL-8 homolog, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and substantially reduced neutrophils in the lungs following intranasal infection with SS2. We also found that swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC) without vimentin show decreased transcription of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8. SS2 infection caused reassembly of vimentin in STEC, and pharmacological disruption of vimentin filaments prevented the transcription of those proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, deficiency of vimentin failed to increase the transcription of nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2), which is known to interact with vimentin, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB protein p65. This study provides insights into how vimentin promotes excessive airway inflammation, thereby exacerbating airway injury and SS2-induced systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojie Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Niu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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10
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Gao N, Rezaee F. Airway Epithelial Cell Junctions as Targets for Pathogens and Antimicrobial Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2619. [PMID: 36559113 PMCID: PMC9786141 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular contacts between epithelial cells are established and maintained by the apical junctional complexes (AJCs). AJCs conserve cell polarity and build epithelial barriers to pathogens, inhaled allergens, and environmental particles in the respiratory tract. AJCs consist of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), which play a key role in maintaining the integrity of the airway barrier. Emerging evidence has shown that different microorganisms cause airway barrier dysfunction by targeting TJ and AJ proteins. This review discusses the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which several microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) lead to the disruption of AJCs in airway epithelial cells. We present recent progress in understanding signaling pathways involved in the formation and regulation of cell junctions. We also summarize the potential chemical inhibitors and pharmacological approaches to restore the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier. Understanding the AJCs-pathogen interactions and mechanisms by which microorganisms target the AJC and impair barrier function may further help design therapeutic innovations to treat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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11
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Nguyen D, Jeon HM, Lee J. Tissue factor links inflammation, thrombosis, and senescence in COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19842. [PMID: 36400883 PMCID: PMC9673213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The infected lung epithelial cells secrete a group of chemokines and cytokines, which triggers harmful cytokine storms and hyper-thrombotic responses. Recent studies have proposed that viral-induced senescence is responsible for cytokine release and inflammation in COVID-19 patients. However, it is unknown whether cellular senescence is commonly triggered after viral infection and how inflammation and thrombosis, hyper-activated in these patients, are functionally connected. To address these questions, we conducted a bioinformatics-based meta-analysis using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing datasets obtained from human patient studies, animal models, and cell lines infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. We found that the senescence phenotype is robustly upregulated in most SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, especially in the infected lung epithelial cells. Notably, the upregulation of Tissue factor (F3), a key initiator of the extrinsic blood coagulation pathway, occurs concurrently with the upregulation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Furthermore, F3 levels are positively correlated with the senescence and hyper-coagulation gene signatures in COVID-19 patients. Together, these data demonstrate the prevalence of senescence in respiratory viral infection and suggest F3 as a critical link between inflammation, thrombosis, and senescence in these disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hye-Min Jeon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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12
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Lee SH, Han MS, Lee TH, Lee DB, Park JH, Lee SH, Kim TH. Rhinovirus-induced anti-viral interferon secretion is not deficient and not delayed in sinonasal epithelial cells of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025796. [PMID: 36341332 PMCID: PMC9635927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated innate and adaptive immune response to rhinoviral infection plays an important role in the exacerbation or progressive course of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, few studies have evaluated whether rhinovirus-induced production of anti-viral interferon is deficient or delayed in inflammatory epithelial cells of patients with CRS with nasal polyps. The aim of the present study is to investigate the replication rates of rhinovirus 16 (RV 16), RV16-induced antiviral interferon secretion, and the expression levels of pattern recognition receptors after RV 16 infection or TLR3 stimulation with poly (I: C) in normal and inflammatory epithelial cells. Inflammatory epithelial cells were obtained from CRS patients with nasal polyps and normal epithelial cells were derived from ethmoid sinus mucosa during endoscopic reduction of blowout fracture or uncinate process mucosa of patients with septal deviation. Cultured cells were infected with RV 16 or treated with poly (I: C) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cells and media were harvested at each time point and used to evaluate RV16 replication rates, the secretion of IFN-β, -λ1, -λ2, viperin, Mx, and OAS, and the expression levels of TRL3, RIG-I, MDA5, phospho-NFκB, and phospho-IRF3. RV replication rates reached peak levels 48 h after inoculation in both normal and inflammatory epithelial cells and showed no difference between both groups of epithelial cells at any time point. The release of IFN-β, -λ1, and -λ2 in normal and inflammatory epithelial cells was also strongly induced 48 h after RV16 inoculation but reached peak levels 24 h after poly (I: C) treatment. The expression levels of viperin, Mx, OAS, TLR3, RIG-I, MDA5, phospho-NFκB, and phospho-IRF3 showed similar patterns in both groups of epithelial cells. These results suggest that the production of RV16-induced antiviral interferons is not deficient or delayed in inflammatory epithelial cells from CRS patients with nasal polyps.
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13
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McKay S, Teitsma-Jansen A, Floris E, Dekker T, Smids B, Khurshid R, Calame W, Kardinaal A, Lutter R, Albers R. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Carrot-Derived Rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) on Accelerated Protective Immune Responses and Quality of Life in Healthy Volunteers Challenged with Rhinovirus in a Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:4258. [PMID: 36296939 PMCID: PMC9607575 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate and balanced supply of nutrients is essential for maintaining health, and an optimal immune response is fast, contained and properly controlled, curbing infections quickly while minimizing damage. Several micronutrients contribute to normal immune function and certain dietary fibers, for example pectic polysaccharides, can play an important role in educating and regulating immune cell responses. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on our initial findings that dietary supplementation with carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) accelerates and augments local innate immune and anti-viral interferon response to a rhinovirus-16 (RV16) infection and reduces the severity and duration of symptoms in humans. Dietary intake of cRG-I also enhanced immune responses to this respiratory viral infection as measured by ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and NK cell function. Consumption of cRG-I also reduced the negative effects of this common cold infection on quality of life as assessed by individual symptom scores. RG-I from carrot is a safe, sustainable, and economically viable solution that could easily be integrated into food products and dietary supplements aiming to support immune fitness and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue McKay
- NutriLeads B.V., Bronland 12-N, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Teitsma-Jansen
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tamara Dekker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Smids
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ridha Khurshid
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Calame
- StatistiCal B.V., Strandwal 148, 2241 MN Wassenaar, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Lutter
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Albers
- NutriLeads B.V., Bronland 12-N, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Dimasuay KG, Schaunaman N, Berg B, Cervantes D, Kruger E, Heppner FL, Ferrington DA, Chu HW. Airway epithelial immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 protects against rhinovirus infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14507. [PMID: 36008456 PMCID: PMC9403975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoproteasomes (IP) serve as an important modulator of immune responses to pathogens and other pathological factors. LMP7/β5i, one of the IP subunits, plays a critical role in autoimmune diseases by downregulating inflammation. Rhinovirus (RV) infection is a major risk factor in the exacerbations of respiratory inflammatory diseases, but whether LMP7 regulates RV-mediated inflammation in the lung particularly in the airway epithelium, the first line of defense against RV infection, remains unclear. In this study, we determined whether airway epithelial LMP7 promotes the resolution of RV-mediated lung inflammation. Inducible airway epithelial-specific LMP7-deficient (conditional knockout, CKO) mice were generated to reveal the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antiviral functions of LMP7. By using LMP7-deficient primary human airway epithelial cells generated by CRISPR-Cas9, we confirmed that airway epithelial LMP7 decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and viral load during RV infection. Additionally, airway epithelial LMP7 enhanced the expression of a negative immune regulator A20/TNFAIP3 during viral infection that may contribute to the anti-inflammatory function of LMP7. We also discovered that induction of LMP7 by a low dose of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PI:C) reduced RV-mediated inflammation in our CKO mice infected with RV. Our findings suggest that airway epithelial LMP7 has anti-inflammatory and antiviral functions that is critical to the resolution of RV-mediated lung inflammation. Induction of airway epithelial LMP7 may open a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention against RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niccolette Schaunaman
- grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Bruce Berg
- grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Diana Cervantes
- grid.240341.00000 0004 0396 0728Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Elke Kruger
- grid.412469.c0000 0000 9116 8976Institute for Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank L. Heppner
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah A. Ferrington
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
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15
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Ballarini S, Ardusso L, Ortega Martell JA, Sacco O, Feleszko W, Rossi GA. Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studies. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1051079. [PMID: 36479289 PMCID: PMC9720385 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are mainly viral in origin and among the leading cause of childhood morbidity globally. Associated wheezing illness and asthma are still a clear unmet medical need. Despite the continuous progress in understanding the processes involved in their pathogenesis, preventive measures and treatments failed to demonstrate any significant disease-modifying effect. However, in the last decades it was understood that early-life exposure to microbes, may reduce the risk of infectious and allergic disorders, increasing the immune response efficacy. These results suggested that treatment with bacterial lysates (BLs) acting on gut microbiota, could promote a heterologous immunomodulation useful in the prevention of recurrent RTIs and of wheezing inception and persistence. This hypothesis has been supported by clinical and experimental studies showing the reduction of RTI frequency and severity in childhood after oral BL prophylaxis and elucidating the involved mechanisms. OM-85 is the product whose anti-viral effects have been most extensively studied in vitro, animal, and human cell studies and in translational animal infection/disease models. The results of the latter studies, describing the potential immune training-based activities of such BL, leading to the protection against respiratory viruses, will be reported. In response to human rhinovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, OM-85 was effective in modulating the structure and the functions of a large numbers of airways epithelial and immune cells, when administered both orally and intranasally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ledit Ardusso
- Allergy and Immunology Department, Rosario School of Medicine, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Oliviero Sacco
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Allergy Disease Unit, G. Gaslini University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, The Medical University Children's Hospital, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Giovanni A Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatrics Pulmonology and Respiratory Endoscopy, G. Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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16
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Lee SH, Kang SH, Han MS, Kwak JW, Kim HG, Lee TH, Lee DB, Kim TH. The Expression of ephrinA1/ephA2 Receptor Increases in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and ephrinA1/ephA2 Signaling Affects Rhinovirus-Induced Innate Immunity in Human Sinonasal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793517. [PMID: 34975898 PMCID: PMC8716742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA2 receptor and its ephrin ligands are involved in virus infection, epithelial permeability, and chemokine secretion. We hypothesized that ephrinA1/ephA2 signaling participates in rhinovirus (RV)-induced antiviral immune response in sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Therefore, we investigated the expression of ephrinA1/ephA2 in normal and inflamed sinonasal mucosa and evaluated whether they regulate chemokine secretion and the production of antiviral immune mediators including interferons (IFNs) in RV-infected human primary sinonasal epithelial cells. For this purpose, the expression and distribution of ephrinA1/ephA2 in sinonasal mucosa were evaluated with RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Their roles in chemokine secretion and the production of antiviral immune mediators such as type I and III IFNs, and interferon stimulated genes were evaluated by stimulating ephA2 with ephrinA1 and inactivating ephA2 with ephA2 siRNA or inhibitor in cells exposed to RV and poly(I:C). We found that ephrinA1/ephA2 were expressed in normal mucosa and their levels increased in inflamed sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients. RV infection or poly(I:C) treatment induced chemokine secretion which were attenuated by blocking the action of ephA2 with ephA2 siRNA or inhibitor. The production of antiviral immune mediators enhanced by rhinovirus or poly (I:C) is increased by blocking ephA2 compared with that of cells stimulated by either rhinovirus or poly(I:C) alone. In addition, blocking ephA2 attenuated RV replication in cultured cells. Taken together, these results describe a novel role of ephrinA1/ephA2 signaling in antiviral innate immune response in sinonasal epithelium, suggesting their participation in RV-induced development and exacerbations of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Saito N, Kikuchi A, Yamaya M, Deng X, Sugawara M, Takayama S, Nagatomi R, Ishii T. Kakkonto Inhibits Cytokine Production Induced by Rhinovirus Infection in Primary Cultures of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:687818. [PMID: 34531740 PMCID: PMC8438568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.687818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is a primary etiologic agent of common cold that can subsequently acutely exacerbate bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Kakkonto (Ge-gen-tang in Chinese), one of the most frequently prescribed traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicines, is used for treating common cold, shoulder stiffness, or inflammatory diseases of the upper body. Previous experimental studies have indicated that kakkonto exerts antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects on the influenza virus and the human respiratory syncytial virus. However, there is a lack of reports investigating the efficacy of kakkonto in RV infection. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of kakkonto on RV infection of human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. HNE cells obtained via endoscopic sinus surgery were cultured and infected with RV14, with or without kakkonto treatment. The supernatants from the cells were collected, and the RV14 titer and cytokine levels were assessed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the amount of viral RNA, while the level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunits in the nucleus was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although kakkonto treatment did not reduce RV14 titer or RNA levels, indicating that it did not inhibit RV14 proliferation, it was found to reduce the production of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Unlike that observed with the kakkonto extract, none of the crude drugs contained in kakkonto reduced IL-8 level. Furthermore, though kakkonto treatment significantly reduced p50 levels, it did not impact the p65 subunit of NF-κB. These results indicated that kakkonto can inhibit inflammation caused by RV infection and may exert an immunomodulatory effect on HNE cells. This is the first report to elucidate the effects of kakkonto extract on RV infection in primary cultures of HNE cells, providing evidence that kakkonto may act as an effective therapy for RV infection and subsequent airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Saito
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Kikuchi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xue Deng
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugawara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Laboratory of Health and Sports Science, Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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18
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Repetitive aeroallergen challenges elucidate maladaptive epithelial and inflammatory traits that underpin allergic airway diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:533-549. [PMID: 33493557 PMCID: PMC8298629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signifying the 2-compartments/1-disease paradigm, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and asthma (AA) are prevalent, comorbid conditions triggered by environmental factors (eg, house dust mites [HDMs]). However, despite the ubiquity of triggers, progression to severe ARC/AA is infrequent, suggesting either resilience or adaptation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether ARC/AA severity relates to maladaptive responses to disease triggers. METHODS Adults with HDM-associated ARC were challenged repetitively with HDMs in an aeroallergen challenge chamber. Mechanistic traits associated with disease severity were identified. RESULTS HDM challenges evoked maladaptive (persistently higher ARC symptoms), adaptive (progressive symptom reduction), and resilient (resistance to symptom induction) phenotypes. Symptom severity in the natural environment was an imprecise correlate of the phenotypes. Nasal airway traits, defined by low inflammation-effectual epithelial integrity, moderate inflammation-effectual epithelial integrity, and higher inflammation-ineffectual epithelial integrity, were hallmarks of the resilient, adaptive, and maladaptive evoked phenotypes, respectively. Highlighting a crosstalk mechanism, peripheral blood inflammatory tone calibrated these traits: ineffectual epithelial integrity associated with CD8+ T cells, whereas airway inflammation associated with both CD8+ T cells and eosinophils. Hallmark peripheral blood maladaptive traits were increased natural killer and CD8+ T cells, lower CD4+ mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and deficiencies along the TLR-IRF-IFN antiviral pathway. Maladaptive traits tracking HDM-associated ARC also contributed to AA risk and severity models. CONCLUSIONS Repetitive challenges with HDMs revealed that maladaptation to disease triggers may underpin ARC/AA disease severity. A combinatorial therapeutic approach may involve reversal of loss-of-beneficial-function traits (ineffectual epithelial integrity, TLR-IRF-IFN deficiencies), mitigation of gain-of-adverse-function traits (inflammation), and blocking of a detrimental crosstalk between the peripheral blood and airway compartments.
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19
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Jakiela B, Rebane A, Soja J, Bazan-Socha S, Laanesoo A, Plutecka H, Surmiak M, Sanak M, Sladek K, Bochenek G. Remodeling of bronchial epithelium caused by asthmatic inflammation affects its response to rhinovirus infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12821. [PMID: 34140575 PMCID: PMC8211645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are frequent cause of asthma exacerbations, however the influence of airway inflammation on the severity of viral infection is poorly understood. Here, we investigated how cytokine-induced remodeling of airway epithelium modulates antiviral response. We analyzed gene expression response in in vitro differentiated bronchial epithelium exposed to cytokines and next infected with HRV16. IL-13-induced mucous cell metaplasia (MCM) was associated with impaired ciliogenesis and induction of antiviral genes, resulting in lower susceptibility to HRV. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition caused by TGF-β was associated with increased virus replication and boosted innate response. Moreover, HRV infection per se caused transient upregulation of MCM markers and growth factors, followed by low-level virus replication and shedding. Our data suggest that the outcome of HRV infection depends on the type of lower airway inflammation and the extent of epithelial damage. Type-2 inflammation (eosinophilic asthma) may induce antiviral state of epithelium and decrease virus sensitivity, while growth factor exposure during epithelial repair may facilitate virus replication and inflammatory response. Additionally, responses to HRV were similar in cells obtained from asthma patients and control subjects, which implicates that antiviral mechanisms are not intrinsically impaired in asthma, but may develop in the presence of uncontrolled airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Jakiela
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ana Rebane
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jerzy Soja
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanislawa Bazan-Socha
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anet Laanesoo
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hanna Plutecka
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sladek
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grazyna Bochenek
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
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