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Jia T, Bi X, Li M, Zhang C, Ren A, Li S, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Deng Y, Liu B, Li G, Yang L. Hfq-binding small RNA PqsS regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa pqs quorum sensing system and virulence. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:82. [PMID: 39261499 PMCID: PMC11391009 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread nosocomial pathogen with a significant to cause both severe planktonic acute and biofilm-related chronic infections. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are noncoding regulatory molecules that are stabilized by the RNA chaperone Hfq to trigger various virulence-related signaling pathways. Here, we identified an Hfq-binding sRNA in P. aeruginosa PAO1, PqsS, which promotes bacterial pathogenicity and pseudomonas quinolone signal quorum sensing (pqs QS) system. Specifically, PqsS enhanced acute bacterial infections by inducing host cell death and promoting rhamnolipid-regulated swarming motility. Meanwhile, PqsS reduced chronic infection traits including biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Moreover, PqsS repressed pqsL transcript, increasing PQS levels for pqs QS. A PQS-rich environment promoted PqsS expression, thus forming a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the PqsS interacts and destabilizes the pqsL mRNA by recruiting RNase E to drive degradation. These findings provide insights for future research on P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Jia
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianbiao Bi
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anmin Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingdan Zhang
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guobao Li
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science a-nd Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Islam ANMS, Farhana N, Choudhury R, Jahan NA, Uddin MJ, Refat MNH, Nasreen F, Khanam F. Microbial infection among SARS-COV-2-infected patients in a COVID-19-dedicated tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000727.v3. [PMID: 39165251 PMCID: PMC11334578 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000727.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to determine patterns of respiratory, blood-borne and uropathogenic microbial pathogens among SARS-CoV-2-infected patients in a COVID-19-(coronavirus disease 2019) dedicated tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Design.This was a cross-sectional study. Setting. In a COVID-19-dedicated tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, conducted from March to June 2021. Participants. Hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 infection regardless of age or sex. Primary and secondary outcome measures. The percentage of co-infected COVID-19 patients and the characterization of the micro-organisms responsible for co-infection served as the primary outcome measures. Finding any associations between co-infection and age, co-infection and sex and co-infection and comorbidity was the secondary outcome variable. Interventions. Not applicable. Results.Out of 79 patients, 61 % were male, and the mean age was 49.53 years. Co-infection was seen in 7.7 % of patients, out of which 5.1 % of isolates were from urine samples, followed by 2.6 % from blood. Bacteria isolated from urine were Enterococcus (2.6 %), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (1.3 %) and Enterobacter spp. (1.3 %). Pseudomonas spp. was the only organism isolated from blood sample. Mixed growth was found in nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, with the predominant species being Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. At the time of data collection, 55.7 % of patients had been given antimicrobials, and 30.4 % of patients had been given a single antimicrobial. HBsAg was positive in 1.3 % of patients and none were anti-hepatitis C or dengue NS1Ag positive. Conclusion. Microbial infection has been seen to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and is of great value in prescribing antimicrobials and reducing fatal outcomes of hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. M. Shamsul Islam
- Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nasreen Farhana
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rafaat Choudhury
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Naznin Akter Jahan
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jamal Uddin
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hassan Refat
- Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatima Nasreen
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Khanam
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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3
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Ronish LA, Biswas B, Bauer RM, Jacob ME, Piepenbrink KH. The role of extracellular structures in Clostridioides difficile biofilm formation. Anaerobe 2024; 88:102873. [PMID: 38844261 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
C. difficile infection (CDI) is a costly and increasing burden on the healthcare systems of many developed countries due to the high rates of nosocomial infections. Despite the availability of several antibiotics with high response rates, effective treatment is hampered by recurrent infections. One potential mechanism for recurrence is the existence of C. difficile biofilms in the gut which persist through the course of antibiotics. In this review, we describe current developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which C. difficile biofilms form and are stabilized through extracellular biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Ronish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Baishakhi Biswas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Robert M Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Mallory E Jacob
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kurt H Piepenbrink
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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4
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhou N, He J, Xu J, Cai Z, Yang L, Liu Y. Bacmethy: A novel and convenient tool for investigating bacterial DNA methylation pattern and their transcriptional regulation effects. IMETA 2024; 3:e186. [PMID: 38898993 PMCID: PMC11183182 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation serves as the primary mode of epigenetic regulation in prokaryotes, particularly through transcriptional regulation. With the rapid implementation of third-generation sequencing technology, we are currently experiencing a golden age of bacterial epigenomics. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive research exploring the versatility and consequential impact of bacterial DNA methylome on cellular and physiological functions. There is a critical need for a user-friendly bioinformatics tool that can effectively characterize DNA methylation modification features and predict the regulation patterns. To address this gap, the current study introduces Bacmethy, an innovative tool that utilizes SMRT-seq data and offers a range of analytical modules. First, the tool classifies methylation sites in the genome, highlighting the distinct regulations present under varying modification fractions and location enrichment. Furthermore, this tool enables us to identify regulatory region methylation and potential cis and trans interactions between methylation sites and regulatory effectors. Using benchmark data sets and our data, we show that our tool facilitates the understanding of the distinctive traits of DNA methylation modifications and predicts transcriptional regulation effects on important physiological and pathological functions. Bacmethy code is freely available, and the Docker image is downloadable. Bacmethy has been made available as a user-friendly web server interface at https://bacmethy.med.sustech.edu.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Hong Liu
- Medical Research CenterSouthern University of Science and Technology HospitalShenzhenChina
- School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of GuangdongSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Medical Research CenterSouthern University of Science and Technology HospitalShenzhenChina
- School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of GuangdongSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Ning Zhou
- Clinical LaboratorySouthern University of Science and Technology HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Jiale He
- Medical Research CenterSouthern University of Science and Technology HospitalShenzhenChina
- School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of GuangdongSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Medical Research CenterSouthern University of Science and Technology HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Zhao Cai
- School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of GuangdongSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of GuangdongSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseShenzhenChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Research CenterSouthern University of Science and Technology HospitalShenzhenChina
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5
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Bajire SK, Shastry RP. Synergistic effects of COVID-19 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a polymicrobial perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:591-601. [PMID: 37129767 PMCID: PMC10152025 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the connection between the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a multifaceted respiratory illness that is typically observed in individuals with chronic exposure to chemical irritants or severe lung damage caused by various pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex, involving a variety of genotypes and phenotypic characteristics that result in severe co-infections and a poor prognosis if not properly managed. We focus on the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe COPD exacerbations in connection to P. aeruginosa infection, covering pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. This review also includes a thorough structural overview of COPD and recent developments in understanding its complicated and chronic nature. While COVID-19 is clearly linked to emphysema and chronic bronchitis at different stages of the disease, our understanding of the precise interaction between microbial infections during COPD, particularly with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs, remains inadequate. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the host-pathogen relationship from the clinician's perspective in order to effectively manage COPD. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject matter to assist clinicians in their efforts to improve the treatment and management of COPD, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rajesh P Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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6
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Mawla GD, Kamal SM, Cao LY, Purhonen P, Hebert H, Sauer RT, Baker TA, Römling U. The membrane-cytoplasmic linker defines activity of FtsH proteases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone C. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105622. [PMID: 38176647 PMCID: PMC10850787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pandemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone C strains encode two inner-membrane associated ATP-dependent FtsH proteases. PaftsH1 is located on the core genome and supports cell growth and intrinsic antibiotic resistance, whereas PaftsH2, a xenolog acquired through horizontal gene transfer from a distantly related species, is unable to functionally replace PaftsH1. We show that purified PaFtsH2 degrades fewer substrates than PaFtsH1. Replacing the 31-amino acid-extended linker region of PaFtsH2 spanning from the C-terminal end of the transmembrane helix-2 to the first seven highly divergent residues of the cytosolic AAA+ ATPase module with the corresponding region of PaFtsH1 improves hybrid-enzyme substrate processing in vitro and enables PaFtsH2 to substitute for PaFtsH1 in vivo. Electron microscopy indicates that the identity of this linker sequence influences FtsH flexibility. We find membrane-cytoplasmic (MC) linker regions of PaFtsH1 characteristically glycine-rich compared to those from FtsH2. Consequently, introducing three glycines into the membrane-proximal end of PaFtsH2's MC linker is sufficient to elevate its activity in vitro and in vivo. Our findings establish that the efficiency of substrate processing by the two PaFtsH isoforms depends on MC linker identity and suggest that greater linker flexibility and/or length allows FtsH to degrade a wider spectrum of substrates. As PaFtsH2 homologs occur across bacterial phyla, we hypothesize that FtsH2 is a latent enzyme but may recognize specific substrates or is activated in specific contexts or biological niches. The identity of such linkers might thus play a more determinative role in the functionality of and physiological impact by FtsH proteases than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina D Mawla
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shady M Kamal
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Lian-Ying Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Pasi Purhonen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge; Sweden
| | - Hans Hebert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge; Sweden
| | - Robert T Sauer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tania A Baker
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Sweden.
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7
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Soontarach R, Srimanote P, Voravuthikunchai SP, Chusri S. Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Endolysin LysAB1245 against a Panel of Important Pathogens. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:155. [PMID: 38399370 PMCID: PMC10893532 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a significant global challenge. This study explores the antibacterial effects of a bacteriophage-derived endolysin, LysAB1245, against important pathogens, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for all tested isolates. A time-kill study was conducted to evaluate the reduction in bacterial survival following treatment with LysAB1245. Additionally, the effects of LysAB1245 on P. aeruginosa K1455 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) NPRC 001R-formed biofilms were investigated. The MIC and MBC of LysAB1245 against all the tested isolates ranged from 4.68 to 9.36 µg/mL and 4.68 to 18.72 µg/mL, respectively. The time-kill study demonstrated more than a 4 log CFU/mL (99.99%) reduction in bacterial survival within 6 h of LysAB1245 treatment at 2MIC. LysAB1245 (1/8-1/2MIC) treatment significantly reduced biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa and MRSA in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the potential inhibition effects on 3-day established biofilms formed on abiotic surfaces upon treatment with LysAB1245 at 2MIC. The findings indicate that endolysin LysAB1245 could be employed as a new alternative therapeutic antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent for combating biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosesathorn Soontarach
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (S.P.V.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand;
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (S.P.V.)
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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8
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Tang M, Yang R, Zhuang Z, Han S, Sun Y, Li P, Fan K, Cai Z, Yang Q, Yu Z, Yang L, Li S. Divergent molecular strategies drive evolutionary adaptation to competitive fitness in biofilm formation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae135. [PMID: 39052320 PMCID: PMC11307329 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm is a group of heterogeneously structured and densely packed bacteria with limited access to nutrients and oxygen. These intrinsic features can allow a mono-species biofilm to diversify into polymorphic subpopulations, determining the overall community's adaptive capability to changing ecological niches. However, the specific biological functions underlying biofilm diversification and fitness adaptation are poorly demonstrated. Here, we launched and monitored the experimental evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, finding that two divergent molecular trajectories were adopted for adaptation to higher competitive fitness in biofilm formation: one involved hijacking bacteriophage superinfection to aggressively inhibit kin competitors, whereas the other induced a subtle change in cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate signaling to gain a positional advantage via enhanced early biofilm adhesion. Bioinformatics analyses implicated that similar evolutionary strategies were prevalent among clinical P. aeruginosa strains, indicative of parallelism between natural and experimental evolution. Divergence in the molecular bases illustrated the adaptive values of genomic plasticity for gaining competitive fitness in biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that these fitness-adaptive mutations reduced bacterial virulence. Our findings revealed how the mutations intrinsically generated from the biofilm environment influence the evolution of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Ruixue Yang
- Community Health Service Center of Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan Medical Group Headquarters, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zilin Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunke Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Kewei Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhao Cai
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co, Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
- Allergy Prevention and Control Center, Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
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9
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Nath S, Sarkar M, Maddheshiya A, De D, Paul S, Dey S, Pal K, Roy SK, Ghosh A, Sengupta S, Paine SK, Biswas NK, Basu A, Mukherjee S. Upper respiratory tract microbiome profiles in SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infected patients exhibit variant specific patterns and robust prediction of disease groups. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0236823. [PMID: 37905804 PMCID: PMC10715160 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02368-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The role of the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome in predicting lung health has been documented in several studies. The dysbiosis in COVID patients has been associated with disease outcomes by modulating the host immune system. However, although it has been known that different SARS-CoV-2 variants manifest distinct transmissibility and mortality rates in human populations, their effect on the composition and diversity of the URT microbiome has not been studied to date. Unlike the older variant (Delta), the newer variant (Omicron) have become more transmissible with lesser mortality and the symptoms have also changed significantly. Hence, in the present study, we have investigated the change in the URT microbiome associated with Delta and Omicron variants and identified variant-specific signatures that will be useful in the assessment of lung health and can be utilized for nasal probiotic therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Nath
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Sarkar
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Debjit De
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Shouvik Paul
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuhu Pal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Kr. Roy
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sharmila Sengupta
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nidhan K. Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Mukherjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Yassin Z, Farid A, Ahmadi S, Emamikhah M, Motamedi O, Jafari M, Goodarzi A. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated brain abscesses caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus: two case and a review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:520. [PMID: 38049820 PMCID: PMC10694943 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial and fungal superinfections are commonly reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of brain and intramedullary abscesses caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a rare case of brain abscesses caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in two post-coronavirus disease 2019 patients. The first patient-34-year-old Iranian woman-presented with weakness of the left upper limb, headaches, and lower limb paresthesia. She had a history of undiagnosed diabetes and had received corticosteroid therapy. The second patient-45-year-old Iranian man-presented with right-sided weakness and had a history of intensive care unit admission. Both patients passed away despite appropriate medical therapy. CONCLUSION The immune dysregulation induced by coronavirus disease 2019 and its' treatments can predispose patients, especially immunosuppressed ones, to bacterial and fungal infections with unusual and opportunistic pathogens in the central nervous system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus should be considered as potential causes of brain infection in any coronavirus disease 2019 patient presenting with neurological symptoms and evidence of brain abscess in imaging, regardless of sinonasal involvement. These patients should get started on appropriate antimicrobial therapy as soon as possible, as any delay in diagnosis or treatment can be associated with adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Yassin
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Farid
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Bisotun Street, 6.1 Alley, No 56, Tehran, 1431644311, Iran
| | - Sayedali Ahmadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Street, Sattarkhan Ave, Tehran, 1431644311, Iran
| | - Maziar Emamikhah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Street, Sattarkhan Ave, Tehran, 1431644311, Iran
| | - Omid Motamedi
- Department of Radiology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Street, Sattarkhan Avenue, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Jafari
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Street, Sattarkhan Avenue, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Street, Sattarkhan Avenue, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran.
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lushington GH, Linde A, Melgarejo T. Bacterial Proteases as Potentially Exploitable Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Logic from the Literature, Informatics, and Inspiration from the Dog. BIOTECH 2023; 12:61. [PMID: 37987478 PMCID: PMC10660736 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic left many intriguing mysteries. Retrospective vulnerability trends tie as strongly to odd demographics as to exposure profiles, genetics, health, or prior medical history. This article documents the importance of nasal microbiome profiles in distinguishing infection rate trends among differentially affected subgroups. (2) Hypothesis: From a detailed literature survey, microbiome profiling experiments, bioinformatics, and molecular simulations, we propose that specific commensal bacterial species in the Pseudomonadales genus confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections by expressing proteases that may interfere with the proteolytic priming of the Spike protein. (3) Evidence: Various reports have found elevated Moraxella fractions in the nasal microbiomes of subpopulations with higher resistance to COVID-19 (e.g., adolescents, COVID-19-resistant children, people with strong dietary diversity, and omnivorous canines) and less abundant ones in vulnerable subsets (the elderly, people with narrower diets, carnivorous cats and foxes), along with bioinformatic evidence that Moraxella bacteria express proteases with notable homology to human TMPRSS2. Simulations suggest that these proteases may proteolyze the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a manner that interferes with TMPRSS2 priming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Linde
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Tonatiuh Melgarejo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
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12
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Xia J, Lu L, Zhao KL, Zeng QL. Resistance Transition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in SARS-CoV-2-Uninfected Hospitalized Patients in the Pandemic. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6717-6724. [PMID: 37868701 PMCID: PMC10588708 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s423167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) specified preventive and control measures on the distribution and resistance transition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in uninfected hospitalized patients during the pandemic. Methods This retrospective study retrieved data from 316 P. aeruginosa isolates in the year pre-COVID-19 (n=131) pandemic and the year under COVID-19 specified preventive and control (post-pandemic year, n=185), compared the general characteristics, laboratory results, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests of P. aeruginosa between the two groups. Results Compared with the pre-pandemic year, the isolation rate of P. aeruginosa (14.35% vs 22.31%, P<0.001) increased, while the rate of drug resistant P. aeruginosa decreased significantly (29.77% vs 19.45%, P<0.001) in the post-pandemic year; Prescription of β-Lactams (30.5% vs 50.0%, P<0.01) also increased significantly. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa isolates to ceftazidime (P<0.01), ciprofloxacin (P<0.01), and gentamicin (P<0.001) increased, whereas the resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam (P<0.01) and imipenem (P<0.05) decreased significantly. Conclusion The COVID-19 specified preventive and control measures have influenced the distribution and resistance transition of P. aeruginosa, further verifications are needed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital/Clinical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Lei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Lin Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital/Clinical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Sathe N, Beech P, Croft L, Suphioglu C, Kapat A, Athan E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections and novel approaches to treatment "Knowing the enemy" the threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exploring novel approaches to treatment. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2023; 2:178-194. [PMID: 38073886 PMCID: PMC10699684 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with a comparatively large genome and an impressive genetic capability allowing it to grow in a variety of environments and tolerate a wide range of physical conditions. This biological flexibility enables the P. aeruginosa to cause a broad range of infections in patients with serious underlying medical conditions, and to be a principal cause of health care associated infection worldwide. The clinical manifestations of P. aeruginosa include mostly health care associated infections and community-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa possesses an array of virulence factors that counteract host defence mechanisms. It can directly damage host tissue while utilizing high levels of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to counter most classes of antibiotics. P. aeruginosa co-regulates multiple resistance mechanisms by perpetually moving targets poses a significant therapeutic challenge. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in the development of anti-Pseudomonas agents. Here we review the principal infections caused by P. aeruginosa and we discuss novel therapeutic options to tackle antibiotic resistance and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections that may be further developed for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sathe
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Peter Beech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Larry Croft
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Arnab Kapat
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Eugene Athan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281 Geelong 3220, Australia
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14
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Behera SK, Panda AK, Mishra R, Mahanty A, Bisht SS. Structure based virtual screening and molecular dynamics of natural anti-biofilm compounds against SagS response regulator/sensor kinase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:6011-6026. [PMID: 35869653 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
SagS sensor regulator plays a vital role in biofilm development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which subsequently makes the cells more tolerant to various antimicrobials. The multidrug resistance (MDR) issue has risen substantially in recent years and is considered a global threat. Therefore, alternative compounds should be unearthed immediately to address the issues related to P. aeruginosa drug resistance for which SagS could be a candidate. The present study is an attempt to screen natural anti-biofilm compounds as the potent inhibitors of SagS. Twenty natural anti-biofilm/quorum sensing inhibiting compounds were retrieved from various literatures with significant inhibitory effects against P. aeruginosa biofilm from in-vitro experiments which were screened using various pharmacokinetic parameters. The screened and three standard drugs were docked against SagS-HisKA using AutoDock 4.2 tool, which were further analysed by MD simulations to understand the binding mode of compounds and dynamic behaviour of the complexes. Two potential anti-biofilm natural compounds, pinocembrin with binding affinity (-7.19 kcal/mol), vestitol (-7.18 kcal/mol) and the standard drug ceftazidime (-8.89 kcal/mol) were selected based on filtered parameters and better binding affinity. The trajectory analysis of MD simulations reflected Pinocembrin in stabilizing the system compared to ceftazidime. The existing reports state that the natural products represent promising source of therapy with least or almost nil adverse effect compared to synthetic drugs which is well collated with our in-silico findings. This investigation can save both time and cost required for in-vitro and in-vivo analysis for designing of a novel anti-biofilm agent against P. aeruginosa biofilm-associated infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rojita Mishra
- Department of Botany, Polasara Science College, Ganjam, India
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- Crop Protection Division, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
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15
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Loyola-Cruz MÁ, Gonzalez-Avila LU, Martínez-Trejo A, Saldaña-Padilla A, Hernández-Cortez C, Bello-López JM, Castro-Escarpulli G. ESKAPE and Beyond: The Burden of Coinfections in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050743. [PMID: 37242413 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ESKAPE group constitute a threat to public health, since these microorganisms are associated with severe infections in hospitals and have a direct relationship with high mortality rates. The presence of these bacteria in hospitals had a direct impact on the incidence of healthcare-associated coinfections in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In recent years, these pathogens have shown resistance to multiple antibiotic families. The presence of high-risk clones within this group of bacteria contributes to the spread of resistance mechanisms worldwide. In the pandemic, these pathogens were implicated in coinfections in severely ill COVID-19 patients. The aim of this review is to describe the main microorganisms of the ESKAPE group involved in coinfections in COVID-19 patients, addressing mainly antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, and high-risk clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07760, Mexico
| | - Luis Uriel Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Arturo Martínez-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Andres Saldaña-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Hernández-Cortez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Bello-López
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07760, Mexico
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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16
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Thanvi R, Nada S, Dissanayake R, Vartak A, Sebilleau CO, Alom NE, Prestwich EG, Wall KA, Sucheck SJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Self-Adjuvanting Pseudomonal Vaccine Based on Major Outer Membrane Porin OprF Epitopes Formulated with Low-Toxicity QS-21-Containing Liposomes. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:893-910. [PMID: 37092892 PMCID: PMC10723056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a Gram-negative pathogen that the World Health Organization has ranked as a priority 1 (critical) threat. One potential prophylactic approach to preventing or reducing the incidence of PA would be development of a long sought-after vaccine. Both antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses have been noted as playing key roles in protection against infection. In these studies, we have designed a prototype vaccine consisting of several known linear B-cell epitopes derived from an outer membrane porin F (OprF). The resulting thiol-containing protein was conjugated to a version of the lipopeptide-based Toll-like receptor agonist Pam3CysSK4Mal (10) containing a maleimide moiety and formulated into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/cholesterol (Chol) liposomes. Mice immunized with the resulting vaccine generated antibodies that bound PA14 (serotype O10) in vitro and induced opsonization in the presence of rabbit complement and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. The liposome was optimized to contain 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DMPG), Chol, Pam3CysSK4-OprF (12) and the Quillaja saponaria-derived saponin adjuvant QS-21. The resulting vaccine formulation produced significantly higher antibody titers, increased the IgG2a antibody isotype, and increased the number of IgG-producing B-cells as well as splenic primed T-cells. In summary, the liposomal vaccine platform was found highly useful for the generation of a robust and balanced TH1/TH2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Thanvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Shadia Nada
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Ravindika Dissanayake
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Abhishek Vartak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Chloé Olayinka Sebilleau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Nur-E Alom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Erin G Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Katherine A Wall
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Steven J Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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Selvam R, Lim IHY, Lewis JC, Lim CH, Yap MKK, Tan HS. Selecting antibacterial aptamers against the BamA protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by incorporating genetic algorithm to optimise computational screening method. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7582. [PMID: 37164985 PMCID: PMC10170454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health resulting in an increasing number of people suffering from severe illnesses or dying due to infections that were once easily curable with antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen that has rapidly developed antibiotic resistance and WHO has categorised this pathogen under the critical list. DNA aptamers can act as a potential candidate for novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we demonstrated that an existing aptamer is able to affect the growth of P. aeruginosa. A computational screen for aptamers that could bind to a well-conserved and essential outer membrane protein, BamA in Gram-negative bacteria was conducted. Molecular docking of about 100 functional DNA aptamers with BamA protein was performed via both local and global docking approaches. Additionally, genetic algorithm analysis was carried out to rank the aptamers based on their binding affinity. The top hits of aptamers with good binding to BamA protein were synthesised to investigate their in vitro antibacterial activity. Among all aptamers, Apt31, which is known to bind to an antitumor, Daunomycin, exhibited the highest HADDOCK score and resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in P. aeruginosa growth. Apt31 also induced membrane disruption that resulted in DNA leakage. Hence, computational screening may result in the identification of aptamers that bind to the desired active site with high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupany Selvam
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ian Han Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Chern Hong Lim
- School of Information Technology, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hock Siew Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Hawsawi NM, Hamad AM, Rashid SN, Alshehri F, Sharaf M, Zakai SA, Al Yousef SA, Ali AM, Abou-Elnour A, Alkhudhayri A, Elrefaei NG, Elkelish A. Biogenic silver nanoparticles eradicate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from the sputum of COVID-19 patients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142646. [PMID: 37143540 PMCID: PMC10153441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent investigations, secondary bacterial infections were found to be strongly related to mortality in COVID-19 patients. In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria played an important role in the series of bacterial infections that accompany infection in COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to investigate the ability of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from strawberries (Fragaria ananassa L.) leaf extract without a chemical catalyst to inhibit Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staph aureus isolated from COVID-19 patient’s sputum. A wide range of measurements was performed on the synthesized AgNPs, including UV–vis, SEM, TEM, EDX, DLS, ζ -potential, XRD, and FTIR. UV-Visible spectral showed the absorbance at the wavelength 398 nm with an increase in the color intensity of the mixture after 8 h passed at the time of preparation confirming the high stability of the FA-AgNPs in the dark at room temperature. SEM and TEM measurements confirmed AgNPs with size ranges of ∼40-∼50 nm, whereas the DLS study confirmed their average hydrodynamic size as ∼53 nm. Furthermore, Ag NPs. EDX analysis showed the presence of the following elements: oxygen (40.46%), and silver (59.54%). Biosynthesized FA-AgNPs (ζ = −17.5 ± 3.1 mV) showed concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity for 48 h in both pathogenic strains. MTT tests showed concentration-dependent and line-specific effects of FA-AgNPs on cancer MCF-7 and normal liver WRL-68 cell cultures. According to the results, synthetic FA-AgNPs obtained through an environmentally friendly biological process are inexpensive and may inhibit the growth of bacteria isolated from COVID-19 patients.
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Shiralizadeh S, Keramat F, Hashemi SH, Majzoobi MM, Azimzadeh M, Alikhani MS, Karami P, Rahimi Z, Alikhani MY. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among Coronavirus disease-19 patients. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:84. [PMID: 36991311 PMCID: PMC10052215 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common co-infecting pathogen recognized among COVID-19 patients. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among Coronavirus disease-19 patients. METHODS Between December 2020 and July 2021, 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit at Sina Hospital in Hamadan, west of Iran. The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The double-disk synergy method, Modified Hodge test, and polymerase chain reaction were utilized to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase producers. Microtiter plate assay was performed to evaluate the biofilm formation ability of the isolates. The isolates phylogenetic relatedness was revealed using the multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis method. RESULTS The results showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had the most elevated resistance to imipenem (93.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (93.3%), ceftriaxone (80%), ceftazidime (80%), gentamicin (60%), levofloxacin (60%), ciprofloxacin (60%), and cefepime (60%). In the broth microdilution method, 100%, 100%, 20%, and 13.3% of isolates showed resistance to imipenem, meropenem, polymyxin B, and colistin, respectively. Ten (66.6%) isolates were identified as multiple drug resistance. Carbapenemase enzymes and extended spectrum beta-lactamases were identified in 66.6% and 20% of the isolates, respectively and the biofilm formation was detected in 100% of the isolates. The blaOXA-48, blaTEM, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaPER, blaVEB, blaNDM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes were detected in 100%, 86.6%, 86.6%, 40%, 20%, 20%, 13.3%, 6.6%, and 6.6% of the isolates, respectively. The blaVIM, blaGIM, blaGES, and blaMCR-1 genes were not identified in any of the isolates. The MLVA typing technique showed 11 types and seven main clusters and most isolates belong to cluster I, V and VII. CONCLUSION Due to the high rate of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from COVID-19 patients, it is indispensable to monitor the antimicrobial resistance pattern and epidemiology of the isolates on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Shiralizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Fariba Keramat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR , Iran
| | - Seyyed Hamid Hashemi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR , Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Majzoobi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR , Iran
| | - Masoud Azimzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | | | - Pezhman Karami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR, Iran.
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR , Iran.
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Ren A, Jia M, Liu J, Zhou T, Wu L, Dong T, Cai Z, Qu J, Liu Y, Yang L, Zhang Y. Acquisition of T6SS Effector TseL Contributes to the Emerging of Novel Epidemic Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0330822. [PMID: 36546869 PMCID: PMC9927574 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03308-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with multiple strategies to interact with other microbes and host cells, gaining fitness in complicated infection sites. The contact-dependent type VI secretion system (T6SS) is one critical secretion apparatus involved in both interbacterial competition and pathogenesis. To date, only limited numbers of T6SS-effectors have been clearly characterized in P. aeruginosa laboratory strains, and the importance of T6SS diversity in the evolution of clinical P. aeruginosa remains unclear. Recently, we characterized a P. aeruginosa clinical strain LYSZa7 from a COVID-19 patient, which adopted complex genetic adaptations toward chronic infections. Bioinformatic analysis has revealed a putative type VI secretion system (T6SS) dependent lipase effector in LYSZa7, which is a homologue of TseL in Vibrio cholerae and is widely distributed in pathogens. We experimentally validated that this TseL homologue belongs to the Tle2, a subfamily of T6SS-lipase effectors; thereby, we name this effector TseL (TseLPA in this work). Further, we showed the lipase-dependent bacterial toxicity of TseLPA, which primarily targets bacterial periplasm. The toxicity of TseLPA can be neutralized by two immunity proteins, TsiP1 and TsiP2, which are encoded upstream of tseL. In addition, we proved this TseLPA contributes to bacterial pathogenesis by promoting bacterial internalization into host cells. Our study suggests that clinical bacterial strains employ a diversified group of T6SS effectors for interbacterial competition and might contribute to emerging of new epidemic clonal lineages. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one predominant pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections and is one of the commonest coinfecting bacteria in immunocompromised patients and chronic wounds. This bacterium harbors a diverse accessory genome with a high frequency of gene recombination, rendering its population highly heterogeneous. Numerous Pa lineages coexist in the biofilm, where successful epidemic clonal lineage or strain-specific type commonly acquires genes to increase its fitness over the other organisms. Current studies of Pa genomic diversity commonly focused on antibiotic resistant genes and novel phages, overlooking the contribution of type VI secretion system (T6SS). We characterized a Pa clinical strain LYSZa7 from a COVID-19 patient, which adopted complex genetic adaptations toward chronic infections. We report, in this study, a novel T6SS-lipase effector that is broadly distributed in Pa clinical isolates and other predominant pathogens. The study suggests that hospital transmission may raise the emergence of new epidemic clonal lineages with specified T6SS effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmin Ren
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minlu Jia
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Cai
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuxin Qu
- Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingdan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Nazir A, Song J, Chen Y, Liu Y. Phage-Derived Depolymerase: Its Possible Role for Secondary Bacterial Infections in COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020424. [PMID: 36838389 PMCID: PMC9961776 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As of 29 July 2022, there had been a cumulative 572,239,451 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, including 6,390,401 fatalities. COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms are usually treated with a combination of virus- and drug-induced immuno-suppression medicines. Critical clinical complications of the respiratory system due to secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) could be the reason for the high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance is increasing daily, and only a few options are available in our antimicrobial armory. Hence, alternative therapeutic options such as enzymes derived from bacteriophages can be considered for treating SBIs in COVID-19 patients. In particular, phage-derived depolymerases have high antivirulent potency that can efficiently degrade bacterial capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides. They have emerged as a promising class of new antibiotics and their therapeutic role for bacterial infections is already confirmed in animal models. This review provides an overview of the rising incidence of SBIs among COVID-19 patients. We present a practicable novel workflow for phage-derived depolymerases that can easily be adapted for treating SBIs in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yibao Chen
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-6665-5093 (Y.C. & Y.L.)
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-6665-5093 (Y.C. & Y.L.)
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Akrami S, Montazeri EA, Saki M, Neisi N, Khedri R, Dini SA, Motlagh AA, Ahmadi F. Bacterial profiles and their antibiotic resistance background in superinfections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria among COVID-19 ICU patients from southwest Iran. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28403. [PMID: 36515422 PMCID: PMC9877791 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the bacterial causes of superinfections and their antibiotic resistance pattern in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Razi Hospital in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. In this cross-sectional study, endotracheal tube (ETT) secretion samples of 77 intubated COVID-19 patients, confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were investigated by standard microbiology test and analytical profile index kit. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion. The presence of Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using culture and PCR methods, 56 (72.7%) of the 77 COVID-19 patients (mean age of 55 years, 29 male and 27 female) had superinfections. Using culture, 67 isolates including 29 (43.2%) Gram-positive and 38 (56.7%) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were identified from 49 COVID-19 patients. The GNB were more predominant than the Gram-positive pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.4%, n = 19/67) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (22.4%, n = 15/67). Using PCR, 10.4% (8/77) and 11.7% (9/77) of ETT secretion specimens had H. influenzae and M. pneumoniae amplicons, respectively. Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance rates (>70.0%) to majority of the tested antibiotics including fluoroquinolone, carbapenems, and cephalosporins and 68.7% (46/67) of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). This study showed a high frequency rate of superinfections by MDR bacteria among COVID-19 patients in southwest Iran. The prevention of long-term consequences caused by COVID-19, demands continuous antibiotic surveillance particularly in management of bacterial superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousan Akrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Effat Abbasi Montazeri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Medical Virology, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Reza Khedri
- Student Research CommitteeAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Sahar Allah Dini
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Razi Teaching Hospital, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Atefeh Akbari Motlagh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Razi Teaching Hospital, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Razi Teaching Hospital, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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Impact of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides on P. aeruginosa virulence factor production and cytotoxicity. Biochem J 2022; 479:2511-2527. [PMID: 36504127 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide and the world health organisation has listed it with the highest priority for the need of new antimicrobial therapies. P. aeruginosa strains responsible for the poorest clinical outcomes express either ExoS or ExoU, which are injected into target host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). ExoS is a bifunctional cytotoxin that promotes intracellular survival of invasive P. aeruginosa by preventing targeting of the bacteria to acidified intracellular compartments. ExoU is a phospholipase which causes destruction of host cell plasma membranes, leading to acute tissue damage and bacterial dissemination. Fluoroquinolones are usually employed as a first line of therapy as they have been shown to be more active against P. aeruginosa in vitrothan other antimicrobial classes. Their overuse over the past decade, however, has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In certain clinical situations, aminoglycosides have been shown to be more effective then fluoroquinolones, despite their reduced potency towards P. aeruginosa in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and aminoglycosides (tobramycin and gentamycin) on T3SS expression and toxicity, in corneal epithelial cell infection models. We discovered that tobramycin disrupted T3SS expression and reduced both ExoS and ExoU mediated cytotoxicity, protecting infected HCE-t cells at concentrations below the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin, however, up-regulated the T3SS and did not inhibit and may have increased the cytotoxic effects of ExoS and ExoU.
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Choudhary MI, Römling U, Nadeem F, Bilal HM, Zafar M, Jahan H, ur-Rahman A. Innovative Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance and Tolerance. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010016. [PMID: 36677308 PMCID: PMC9863313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and tolerance are natural phenomena that arose due to evolutionary adaptation of microorganisms against various xenobiotic agents. These adaptation mechanisms make the current treatment options challenging as it is increasingly difficult to treat a broad range of infections, associated biofilm formation, intracellular and host adapted microbes, as well as persister cells and microbes in protected niches. Therefore, novel strategies are needed to identify the most promising drug targets to overcome the existing hurdles in the treatment of infectious diseases. Furthermore, discovery of novel drug candidates is also much needed, as few novel antimicrobial drugs have been introduced in the last two decades. In this review, we focus on the strategies that may help in the development of innovative small molecules which can interfere with microbial resistance mechanisms. We also highlight the recent advances in optimization of growth media which mimic host conditions and genome scale molecular analyses of microbial response against antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, we discuss the identification of antibiofilm molecules and their mechanisms of action in the light of the distinct physiology and metabolism of biofilm cells. This review thus provides the most recent advances in host mimicking growth media for effective drug discovery and development of antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (U.R.); (H.J.); Tel.: +46-8-5248-7319 (U.R.); +92-21-111-232-292 (ext. 301) (H.J.)
| | - Faiza Nadeem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Bilal
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Munirah Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Humera Jahan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (U.R.); (H.J.); Tel.: +46-8-5248-7319 (U.R.); +92-21-111-232-292 (ext. 301) (H.J.)
| | - Atta ur-Rahman
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Cuenca S, Soler Z, Serrano-Gómez G, Xie Z, Barquinero J, Roca J, Sirvent JM, Manichanh C. Dysbiosis: An Indicator of COVID-19 Severity in Critically Ill Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415808. [PMID: 36555453 PMCID: PMC9779860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we examined the dynamics of the gut and respiratory microbiomes in severe COVID-19 patients in need of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). We recruited 85 critically ill patients (53 with COVID-19 and 32 without COVID-19) and 17 healthy controls (HCs) and monitored them for up to 4 weeks. We analyzed the bacterial and fungal taxonomic profiles and loads of 232 gut and respiratory samples and we measured the blood levels of Interleukin 6, IgG, and IgM in COVID-19 patients. Upon ICU admission, the bacterial composition and load in the gut and respiratory samples were altered in critically ill patients compared with HCs. During their ICU stay, the patients experienced increased bacterial and fungal loads, drastic decreased bacterial richness, and progressive changes in bacterial and fungal taxonomic profiles. In the gut samples, six bacterial taxa could discriminate ICU-COV(+) from ICU-COV(-) cases upon ICU admission and the bacterial taxa were associated according to age, PaO2/FiO2, and CRP levels. In the respiratory samples of the ICU-COV(+) patients, bacterial signatures including Pseudomonas and Streptococcus were found to be correlated with the length of ICU stay. Our findings demonstrated that the gut and respiratory microbiome dysbiosis and bacterial signatures associated with critical illness emerged as biomarkers of COVID-19 severity and could be a potential predictor of ICU length of stay. We propose using a high-throughput sequencing approach as an alternative to traditional isolation techniques to monitor ICU patient infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cuenca
- Intensive Care Department (ICU), University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avda. França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Zaida Soler
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Serrano-Gómez
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Barquinero
- Gene and Cell Therapy, VHIR, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Roca
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose-Maria Sirvent
- Intensive Care Department (ICU), University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avda. França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Medicine Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+34-934894036
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DNA Methyltransferase Regulates Nitric Oxide Homeostasis and Virulence in a Chronically Adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain. mSystems 2022; 7:e0043422. [PMID: 36106744 PMCID: PMC9600465 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00434-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapt their genomes rapidly during chronic infections. Understanding their epigenetic regulation may provide biomarkers for diagnosis and reveal novel regulatory mechanisms. We performed single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT-seq) to characterize the methylome of a chronically adapted P. aeruginosa clinical strain, TBCF10839. Two N6-methyladenine (6mA) methylation recognition motifs (RCCANNNNNNNTGAR and TRGANNNNNNTGC [modification sites are in bold]) were identified and predicted as new type I methylation sites using REBASE analysis. We confirmed that the motif TRGANNNNNNTGC was methylated by the methyltransferase (MTase) M.PaeTBCFII, according to methylation sensitivity assays in vivo and vitro. Transcriptomic analysis showed that a ΔpaeTBCFIIM knockout mutant significantly downregulated nitric oxide reductase (NOR) regulation and expression of coding genes such as nosR and norB, which contain methylated motifs in their promoters or coding regions. The ΔpaeTBCFIIM strain exhibited reduced intercellular survival capacity in NO-producing RAW264.7 macrophages and attenuated virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection model; the complemented strain recovered these defective phenotypes. Further phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that homologs of M.PaeTBCFII occur frequently in P. aeruginosa as well as other bacterial species. Our work therefore provided new insights into the relationship between DNA methylation, NO detoxification, and bacterial virulence, laying a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism of DNA methyltransferase in regulating the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which causes acute and chronic infections that are difficult to treat. Comparative genomic analysis has showed broad genome diversity among P. aeruginosa clinical strains and revealed their different regulatory traits compared to the laboratory strains. While current investigation of the epigenetics of P. aeruginosa is still lacking, understanding epigenetic regulation may provide biomarkers for diagnosis and facilitate development of novel therapies. Denitrification capability is critical for microbial versatility in response to different environmental stress conditions, including the bacterial infection process, where nitric oxide (NO) can be generated by phagocytic cells. The denitrification regulation mechanisms have been studied intensively at genetic and biochemical levels. However, there is very little evidence about the epigenetic regulation of bacterial denitrification mechanism. P. aeruginosa TBCF10839 is a chronically host-adapted strain isolated from a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient with special antiphagocytosis characteristics. Here, we investigated the regulatory effect of an orphan DNA MTase, M.PaeTBCFII, in P. aeruginosa TBCF10839. We demonstrated that the DNA MTase regulates the transcription of denitrification genes represented by NOR and affects antiphagocytic ability in bacteria. In silico analysis suggested that DNA methylation modification may enhance gene expression by affecting the binding of transacting factors such as DNR and RpoN. Our findings not only deepen the understanding of the role of DNA MTase in transcriptional regulation in P. aeruginosa but also provide a theoretical foundation for the in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of the epigenetic regulation on denitrification, virulence, and host-pathogen interaction.
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Carbapenem Combinations for Infections Caused by Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Experimental In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091212. [PMID: 36139991 PMCID: PMC9495166 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of difficult-to-treat carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, we evaluated imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem combinations against eleven carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. According to the widespread global distribution of high-risk clones and carbapenemases, four representative isolates were selected: ST175 (OXA-2/VIM-20), ST175 (VIM-2), ST235 (GES-5), and ST111 (IMP-33), for efficacy studies using a sepsis murine model. Minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/L) ranges were 64–256 for imipenem and 16–128 for meropenem and doripenem. In vitro, imipenem plus meropenem was synergistic against 72% of isolates and doripenem plus meropenem or imipenem against 55% and 45%, respectively. All combinations were synergistic against the ST175, ST235, and ST155 clones. In vivo, meropenem diminished the spleen and blood bacterial concentrations of four and three isolates, respectively, with better efficacy than imipenem or doripenem. The combinations did not show efficacy compared with the more active monotherapies, except for imipenem plus meropenem, which reduced the ST235 bacterial spleen concentration. Mortality decreased with imipenem plus meropenem or doripenem for the ST175 isolate. Results suggest that carbapenem combinations are not an alternative for severe infections by carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa. Meropenem monotherapy showed in vivo efficacy despite its high MIC, probably because its dosage allowed a sufficient antimicrobial exposure at the infection sites.
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Immune Response to Biofilm Growing Pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092064. [PMID: 36140163 PMCID: PMC9495460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm infections are tolerant to the host responses and recalcitrance to antibiotic drugs and disinfectants. The induced host-specific innate and adaptive immune responses by established biofilms are significantly implicated and contributes to the course of the infections. Essentially, the host response may be the single one factor impacting the outcome most, especially in cases where the biofilm is caused by low virulent opportunistic bacterial species. Due to the chronicity of biofilm infections, activation of the adaptive immune response mechanisms is frequently experienced, and instead of clearing the infection, the adaptive response adds to the pathogenesis. To a high degree, this has been reported for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections, where both a pronounced antibody response and a skewed Th1/Th2 balance has been related to a poorer outcome. In addition, detection of an adaptive immune response can be used as a significant indicator of a chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection and is included in the clinical definitions as such. Those issues are presented in the present review, along with a characterization of the airway structure in relation to immune responses towards P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections.
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SATHYAKAMALA RAVICHANDRAN, PEACE ALICER, SHANMUGAM PRIYADARSHINI. A Comparative Study on Bacterial Co-Infections and Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Organisms among Patients in COVID and Non-COVID Intensive Care Units. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E19-E26. [PMID: 35647371 PMCID: PMC9121664 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.1.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Secondary bacterial infections have been reported in majority of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A study of the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these bacterial strains revealed that they were multidrug resistant, demonstrating their resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobial agents including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Bacterial co-infection remains as an important cause for high mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods In our study, we conducted a retrospective comparative analysis of bacterial co-infections and the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial isolates obtained from inpatients admitted in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 intensive care units. The goal was to obtain the etiology and antimicrobial resistance of these infections for more accurate use of antimicrobials in clinical settings. This study involved a total of 648 samples collected from 356 COVID-19 positive patients and 292 COVID-19 negative patients admitted in the intensive care unit over a period of six months from May to October 2020. Results Among the co-infections found, maximum antimicrobial resistance was found in Acinetobacter species followed by Klebsiella species in both the ICU’s. Incidence of bacterial co-infection was found to be higher in COVID-19 intensive care patients and most of these isolates were multidrug resistant strains. Conclusion Therefore, it is important that co-infections should not be underestimated and instead be made part of an integrated plan to limit the global burden of morbidity and mortality during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ALICE R. PEACE
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute
| | - PRIYADARSHINI SHANMUGAM
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute
- Correspondence: Priyadarshini Shanmugam, Professor and Head, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam –Tel. #9841551891 - E-mail:
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Jeon K, Jeong S, Lee N, Park MJ, Song W, Kim HS, Kim HS, Kim JS. Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Consumption and Spread of Multidrug-Resistance in Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040535. [PMID: 35453286 PMCID: PMC9025690 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 pandemic may have affected antibiotic consumption patterns and the prevalence of colonized or infected by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. We investigated the differences in the consumption of antibiotics easily prone to resistance and the prevalence of MDR bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to September 2021) compared to in the pre-pandemic period (March 2018 to September 2019). Data on usage of antibiotics and infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) were obtained from hospitalized patients in four university hospitals. The consumption of penicillin with β-lactamase inhibitors (3.4% in ward, 5.8% in intensive care unit (ICU)), and carbapenems (25.9% in ward, 12.1% in ICU) increased during the pandemic period. The prevalence of MRSA (4.7%), VRE (49.0%), CRE (22.4%), and CRPA (20.1%) isolated in clinical samples from the ward and VRE (26.7%) and CRE (36.4%) isolated in clinical samples from the ICU were significantly increased, respectively. Meanwhile, only the prevalence of CRE (38.7%) isolated in surveillance samples from the ward increased. The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased consumption of antibiotics and has influenced the prevalence of infections caused by MDR isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibum Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07247, Korea;
| | - Seri Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea; (N.L.); (M.-J.P.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nuri Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea; (N.L.); (M.-J.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Min-Jeong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea; (N.L.); (M.-J.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Wonkeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07442, Korea; (N.L.); (M.-J.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea;
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31
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Does the Covid-19 pandemic have an effect on wound culture in patients undergoing appendectomy? A Case Control Study. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1075112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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32
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David Hou CF, Swanson NA, Li F, Yang R, Lokareddy RK, Cingolani G. Cryo-EM structure of a kinetically trapped dodecameric portal protein from the Pseudomonas-phage PaP3. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Qu J, Cai Z, Duan X, Zhang H, Cheng H, Han S, Yu K, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Bai F, Liu Y, Liu L, Yang L. Pseudomonas aeruginosa modulates alginate biosynthesis and type VI secretion system in two critically ill COVID-19 patients. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35139898 PMCID: PMC8827185 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pneumonia has caused huge impact on the health of infected patients and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Shift in the lung microbial ecology upon such viral infection often worsens the disease and increases host susceptibility to superinfections. Bacterial superinfection contributes to the aggravation of COVID-19 and poses a great challenge to clinical treatments. An in-depth investigation on superinfecting bacteria in COVID-19 patients might facilitate understanding of lung microenvironment post virus infections and superinfection mechanism. Results We analyzed the adaptation of two pairs of P. aeruginosa strains with the same MLST type isolated from two critical COVID-19 patients by combining sequencing analysis and phenotypic assays. Both P. aeruginosa strains were found to turn on alginate biosynthesis and attenuate type VI secretion system (T6SS) during short-term colonization in the COVID-19 patients, which results in excessive biofilm formation and virulence reduction-two distinct markers for chronic infections. The macrophage cytotoxicity test and intracellular reactive oxygen species measurement confirmed that the adapted P. aeruginosa strains reduced their virulence towards host cells and are better to escape from host immune clearance than their ancestors. Conclusion Our study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection can create a lung environment that allow rapid adaptive evolution of bacterial pathogens with genetic traits suitable for chronic infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00748-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxin Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Tuberculosis), National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Cai
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangke Duan
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Han
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaiwei Yu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhaofang Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Tuberculosis), National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingdan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fang Bai
- School of Biological Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Tuberculosis), National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Tuberculosis), National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases (Tuberculosis), National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China. .,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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34
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Dalal A, Kushwaha T, Choudhir G, Inampudi KK, Karmakar T, Hariprasad P, Gholap SL. Computational investigations on the potential role of hygrophorones as quorum sensing inhibitors against LasR protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2249-2259. [PMID: 35075974 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2029570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative, rod shape bacterium that infects people with compromised immune systems, such as those suffering from AIDS, organ transplantation and cancer. This bacterium is responsible for diseases like cystic fibrosis, chronic lung infection, and ulcerative keratitis. It is diagnosed in most of the patients who were on prolonged ventilation with long term critical care stay. P. aeruginosa develops rapid antimicrobial resistance that is challenging for the treatment and eventually it causes high mortality rate. Thus, the search for potential novel inhibitors that can inhibit the pathogenic activity of P. aeruginosa is of utmost importance. In P. aeruginosa, an important protein, LasR that participates in the gene regulations and expressions has been proposed to be a suitable drug target. Here, we identify a set of hygrophorone molecules as effective inhibitors for this LasR protein based on molecular docking and simulations studies. At first, large number of hygrophorone series of small molecules were screened against the LasR protein and their binding affinities were assessed based on the docking scores. Top scored molecules were selected for calculating various pharmacophore properties, and finally, their potential in inhibiting the LasR protein was delineated by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area-based calculations. Both docking and simulations studies reveal that a subset of hygrophorone molecules have a good binding affinity for LasR protein and form stable LasR-inhibitor complexes. The present study illustrates that the hygrophorones can be effective inhibitors for the LasR protein and will spur further in vitro studies that would aid to the ongoing search for new antibiotics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar Kushwaha
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gourav Choudhir
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna K Inampudi
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarak Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - P Hariprasad
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivajirao L Gholap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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35
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Lamin A, Kaksonen AH, Cole IS, Chen XB. Quorum sensing inhibitors applications: a new prospect for mitigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Photolon Nanoporous Photoactive Material with Antibacterial Activity and Label-Free Noncontact Method for Free Radical Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010279. [PMID: 35008705 PMCID: PMC8745701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in bacterial resistance and healthcare-associated bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health. The antimicrobial photodynamic method reveals the opportunity for a new therapeutic approach that is based on the limited delivery of photosensitizer from the material surface. Nanoporous inorganic–organic composites were obtained by entrapment of photosensitizer Photolon in polysiloxanes that was prepared by the sol–gel method. The material was characterized by its porosity, optical properties (fluorescence and absorbance), and laser-induced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The permanent encapsulation of Photolon in the silica coating and the antimicrobial efficiency was confirmed by confocal microscope and digital holotomography. The generation of free radicals from nanoporous surfaces was proved by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. For the first time, it was confirmed that Kelvin probe microscopy can be a label-free, noncontact alternative to other conventional methods based on fluorescence or chemiluminescence probes, etc. It was confirmed that the proposed photoactive coating enables the antibacterial photodynamic effect based on free radicals released from the surface of the coating. The highest bactericidal efficiency of the proposed coating was 87.16%. This coating can selectively limit the multiplication of bacterial cells, while protecting the environment and reducing the risk of surface contamination.
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37
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Thees AV, Pietrosimone KM, Melchiorre CK, Marden JN, Graf J, Lynes MA, Maltz-Matyschsyk M. PmtA Regulates Pyocyanin Expression and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:789765. [PMID: 34867928 PMCID: PMC8636135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.789765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a small molecular weight, cysteine-rich protein (PmtA), identified as a metallothionein (MT) protein family member. The MT family proteins have been well-characterized in eukaryotes as essential for zinc and copper homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, and the ability to modify a variety of immune activities. Bacterial MTs share sequence homology, antioxidant chemistry, and heavy metal-binding capacity with eukaryotic MTs, however, the impact of bacterial MTs on virulence and infection have not been well-studied. In the present study, we investigated the role of PmtA in P. aeruginosa PAO1 using a PmtA-deficient strain (ΔpmtA). Here we demonstrated the virulence factor, pyocyanin, relies on the expression of PmtA. We showed that PmtA may be protective against oxidative stress, as an alternative antioxidant, glutathione, can rescue pyocyanin expression. Furthermore, the expression of phzM, which encodes a pyocyanin precursor enzyme, was decreased in the ΔpmtA mutant during early stationary phase. Upregulated pmtA expression was previously detected in confluent biofilms, which are essential for chronic infection, and we observed that the ΔpmtA mutant was disrupted for biofilm formation. As biofilms also modulate antibiotic susceptibility, we examined the ΔpmtA mutant susceptibility to antibiotics and found that the ΔpmtA mutant is more susceptible to cefepime and ciprofloxacin than the wild-type strain. Finally, we observed that the deletion of pmtA results in decreased virulence in a waxworm model. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that PmtA is necessary for the full virulence of P. aeruginosa and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Thees
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Kathryn M Pietrosimone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Clare K Melchiorre
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Jeremiah N Marden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Joerg Graf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Michael A Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Michele Maltz-Matyschsyk
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
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38
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Wang Y, Xu M, Yue P, Zhang D, Tong J, Li Y. Novel Insights Into the Potential Mechanisms of N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification on Sepsis-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction: An Update Summary on Direct and Indirect Evidences. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:772921. [PMID: 34869371 PMCID: PMC8633316 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a host’s dysfunctional response to infection. As is known to all, septic heart disease occurs because pathogens invading the blood stimulate the activation of endothelial cells, causing a large number of white blood cells to accumulate and trigger an immune response. However, in severe sepsis, the hematopoietic system is inhibited, and there will also be a decline in white blood cells, at which time the autoimmune system will also be suppressed. During the immune response, a large number of inflammatory factors are released into cells to participate in the inflammatory process, which ultimately damages cardiac myocytes and leads to impaired cardiac function. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common RNA modification in mRNA and non-coding RNA that affects RNA splicing, translation, stability, and epigenetic effects of some non-coding RNAs. A large number of emerging evidences demonstrated m6A modification had been involved in multiple biological processes, especially for sepsis and immune disorders. Unfortunately, there are limited results provided to analyze the association between m6A modification and sepsis-induced cardiovascular dysfunction (SICD). In this review, we firstly summarized current evidences on how m6A mediates the pathophysiological process in cardiac development and cardiomyopathy to emphasize the importance of RNA methylation in maintaining heart biogenesis and homeostasis. Then, we clarified the participants of m6A modification in extended inflammatory responses and immune system activation, which are the dominant and initial changes secondary to sepsis attack. After that, we deeply analyzed the top causes of SICD and identified the activation of inflammatory cytokines, endothelial cell dysfunction, and mitochondrial failure. Thus, the highlight of this review is that we systematically collected all the related potential mechanisms between m6A modification and SICD causes. Although there is lack of direct evidences on SICD, indirect evidences had been demonstrated case by case on every particular molecular mechanism and signal transduction, which require further explorations into the potential links among the listed mechanisms. This provides novel insights into the understanding of SICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyu Tong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liu TFD, Philippou E, Kolokotroni O, Siakallis G, Rahima K, Constantinou C. Gut and airway microbiota and their role in COVID-19 infection and pathogenesis: a scoping review. Infection 2021; 50:815-847. [PMID: 34671922 PMCID: PMC8528184 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have been studying the pathogenesis of the virus with the aim to improve our current diagnosis and management strategies. The microbiota have been proposed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Purpose To investigate and report on the current available evidence on any associations between the gut and/or airway microbiota and the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Methods Using a predefined protocol in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted on MEDLINE, Science Direct, DOAJ and Cochrane databases on primary research studies assessing the association between COVID-19 infection and the gut and/or airway microbiota. Results Twenty-two studies were included in the current review; nineteen studies concluded an association between the gut and/or airway dysbiosis and SARS-CoV-2, while 3 studies failed to observe a significant association between the airway microbiome and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, most studies reported a decrease in microbial diversity and therefore development of intestinal dysbiosis in COVID-19-positive patients compared to healthy controls as well as a possible association between increased intestinal dysbiosis and disease severity. Conclusion During infection with SARS-CoV-2, there are significant changes in the composition of the gut and airway microbiota. Furthermore, the gut microbiota may have a more important role than the airway microbiota in COVID-19 infection. In the future, studies should be more carefully designed to derive more conclusive evidence on the role of the gut and airway microbiota following infection with SARS-CoV-2 which will lead to the formulation of better management strategies in combating COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01715-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tik Fung Dave Liu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, P.O. Box 24005, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elena Philippou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ourania Kolokotroni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, P.O. Box 24005, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Siakallis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, P.O. Box 24005, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kenan Rahima
- Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital, Margate, UK
| | - Constantina Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, P.O. Box 24005, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Segala FV, Bavaro DF, Di Gennaro F, Salvati F, Marotta C, Saracino A, Murri R, Fantoni M. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic on Antimicrobial Resistance: A Literature Review. Viruses 2021; 13:2110. [PMID: 34834917 PMCID: PMC8624326 DOI: 10.3390/v13112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent threat to public health and global development; in this scenario, the SARS-CoV2 pandemic has caused a major disruption of healthcare systems and practices. A narrative review was conducted on articles focusing on the impact of COVID-19 on multidrug-resistant gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. We found that, worldwide, multiple studies reported an unexpected high incidence of infections due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and C. auris among COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. In this setting, inappropriate antimicrobial exposure, environmental contamination, and discontinuation of infection control measures may have driven selection and diffusion of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vladimiro Segala
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Davide Fiore Bavaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.F.B.); (F.D.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Di Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.F.B.); (F.D.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Federica Salvati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Claudia Marotta
- General Directorate of Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (D.F.B.); (F.D.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Rita Murri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.F.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantoni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.F.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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41
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Polemis M, Mandilara G, Pappa O, Argyropoulou A, Perivolioti E, Koudoumnakis N, Pournaras S, Vasilakopoulou A, Vourli S, Katsifa H, Karampatakis T, Papavasiliou A, Petinaki E, Xitsas S, Skoura L, Protonotariou E, Mantzana P, Gartzonika K, Priavali E, Kallinteri A, Giannopoulou P, Charalampaki N, Memezas M, Calina Oana Z, Papadogianni M, Panopoulou M, Koutsidou A, Vatopoulos A, Tryfinopoulou K. COVID-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance: Data from the Greek Electronic System for the Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance-WHONET-Greece (January 2018-March 2021). Life (Basel) 2021; 11:996. [PMID: 34685368 PMCID: PMC8538738 DOI: 10.3390/life11100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in hospitals' daily practice due to COVID-19 pandemic may have an impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We aimed to assess this possible impact as captured by the Greek Electronic System for the Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (WHONET-Greece). Routine susceptibility data of 17,837 Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates from blood and respiratory specimens of hospitalized patients in nine COVID-19 tertiary hospitals were used in order to identify potential differences in AMR trends in the last three years, divided into two periods, January 2018-March 2020 and April 2020-March 2021. Interrupted time-series analysis was used to evaluate differences in the trends of non-susceptibility before and after the changes due to COVID-19. We found significant differences in the slope of non-susceptibility trends of Acinetobacter baumannii blood and respiratory isolates to amikacin, tigecycline and colistin; of Klebsiella pneumoniae blood and respiratory isolates to meropenem and tigecycline; and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory isolates to imipenem, meropenem and levofloxacin. Additionally, we found significant differences in the slope of non-susceptibility trends of Staphylococcus aureus isolates to oxacillin and of Enterococcus faecium isolates to glycopeptides. Assessing in this early stage, through surveillance of routine laboratory data, the way a new global threat like COVID-19 could affect an already ongoing pandemic like AMR provides useful information for prompt action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Polemis
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization, 16672 Vari, Greece; (O.P.); (K.T.)
| | - Georgia Mandilara
- School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Olga Pappa
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization, 16672 Vari, Greece; (O.P.); (K.T.)
| | - Athina Argyropoulou
- “Evaggelismos” General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (E.P.); (N.K.)
| | | | | | - Spyros Pournaras
- “Attikon” University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.P.); (A.V.); (S.V.)
| | | | - Sophia Vourli
- “Attikon” University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.P.); (A.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Helen Katsifa
- General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (H.K.); (T.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Theodoros Karampatakis
- General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (H.K.); (T.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anastasia Papavasiliou
- General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (H.K.); (T.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (S.X.)
| | - Stylianos Xitsas
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (S.X.)
| | - Lemonia Skoura
- “Axepa” University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.S.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Paraskevi Mantzana
- “Axepa” University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.S.); (E.P.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Efthalia Priavali
- University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (K.G.); (E.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Amalia Kallinteri
- University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (K.G.); (E.P.); (A.K.)
| | | | | | - Meletis Memezas
- “Thriasio” General Hospital of Elefsina, 19600 Athens, Greece; (P.G.); (N.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Zervaki Calina Oana
- “St. George” General Hospital, 73300 Crete (Chania), Greece; (Z.C.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Papadogianni
- “St. George” General Hospital, 73300 Crete (Chania), Greece; (Z.C.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Athanasia Koutsidou
- University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (M.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Alkiviadis Vatopoulos
- School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization, 16672 Vari, Greece; (O.P.); (K.T.)
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