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Price CTD, Hanford HE, Al-Quadan T, Santic M, Shin CJ, Da'as MSJ, Abu Kwaik Y. Amoebae as training grounds for microbial pathogens. mBio 2024; 15:e0082724. [PMID: 38975782 PMCID: PMC11323580 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00827-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Grazing of amoebae on microorganisms represents one of the oldest predator-prey dynamic relationships in nature. It represents a genetic "melting pot" for an ancient and continuous multi-directional inter- and intra-kingdom horizontal gene transfer between amoebae and its preys, intracellular microbial residents, endosymbionts, and giant viruses, which has shaped the evolution, selection, and adaptation of microbes that evade degradation by predatory amoeba. Unicellular phagocytic amoebae are thought to be the ancient ancestors of macrophages with highly conserved eukaryotic processes. Selection and evolution of microbes within amoeba through their evolution to target highly conserved eukaryotic processes have facilitated the expansion of their host range to mammals, causing various infectious diseases. Legionella and environmental Chlamydia harbor an immense number of eukaryotic-like proteins that are involved in ubiquitin-related processes or are tandem repeats-containing proteins involved in protein-protein and protein-chromatin interactions. Some of these eukaryotic-like proteins exhibit novel domain architecture and novel enzymatic functions absent in mammalian cells, such as ubiquitin ligases, likely acquired from amoebae. Mammalian cells and amoebae may respond similarly to microbial factors that target highly conserved eukaryotic processes, but mammalian cells may undergo an accidental response to amoeba-adapted microbial factors. We discuss specific examples of microbes that have evolved to evade amoeba predation, including the bacterial pathogens- Legionella, Chlamydia, Coxiella, Rickettssia, Francisella, Mycobacteria, Salmonella, Bartonella, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Campylobacter, and Aliarcobacter. We also discuss the fungi Cryptococcus, and Asperigillus, as well as amoebae mimiviruses/giant viruses. We propose that amoeba-microbe interactions will continue to be a major "training ground" for the evolution, selection, adaptation, and emergence of microbial pathogens equipped with unique pathogenic tools to infect mammalian hosts. However, our progress will continue to be highly dependent on additional genomic, biochemical, and cellular data of unicellular eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. D. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hannah E. Hanford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tasneem Al-Quadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Cheon J. Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Manal S. J. Da'as
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Gyraitė G, Kataržytė M, Bučas M, Kalvaitienė G, Kube S, Herlemann DP, Pansch C, Andersson AF, Pitkanen T, Hokajärvi AM, Annus-Urmet A, Hauk G, Hippelein M, Lastauskienė E, Labrenz M. Epidemiological and environmental investigation of the 'big four' Vibrio species, 1994 to 2021: a Baltic Sea retrospective study. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2400075. [PMID: 39119721 PMCID: PMC11312017 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.32.2400075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe Vibrio genus comprises several bacterial species present in the Baltic Sea region (BSR), which are known to cause human infections.AimTo provide a comprehensive retrospective analysis of Vibrio-induced infections in the BSR from 1994 to 2021, focusing on the 'big four' Vibrio species - V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae non-O1/O139, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus - in eight European countries (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden) bordering the Baltic Sea.MethodsOur analysis includes data on infections, Vibrio species distribution in coastal waters and environmental data received from national health agencies or extracted from scientific literature and online databases. A redundancy analysis was performed to determine the potential impact of several independent variables, such as sea surface temperature, salinity, the number of designated coastal beaches and year, on the Vibrio infection rate.ResultsFor BSR countries conducting surveillance, we observed an exponential increase in total Vibrio infections (n = 1,553) across the region over time. In Sweden and Germany, total numbers of Vibrio spp. and infections caused by V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus positively correlate with increasing sea surface temperature. Salinity emerged as a critical driver of Vibrio spp. distribution and abundance. Furthermore, our proposed statistical model reveals 12 to 20 unreported cases in Lithuania and Poland, respectively, countries with no surveillance.ConclusionsThere are discrepancies in Vibrio surveillance and monitoring among countries, emphasising the need for comprehensive monitoring programmes of these pathogens to protect human health, particularly in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Gyraitė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
- Institute of Bioscience, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marija Kataržytė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Bučas
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | | | - Sandra Kube
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Pr Herlemann
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Center for Limnology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Pansch
- Department of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anders F Andersson
- Division of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tarja Pitkanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Hokajärvi
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aune Annus-Urmet
- Environmental Health Department, Health Board, Republic of Estonia, Tallin, Estonia
| | - Gerhard Hauk
- State Office for Health and Social Affairs in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (LAGuS), Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hippelein
- Institute of Hospital and Environmental Hygiene, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Labrenz
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Baker‐Austin C, Hervio‐Heath D, Martinez‐Urtaza J, Caro ES, Strauch E, Thébault A, Guerra B, Messens W, Simon AC, Barcia‐Cruz R, Suffredini E. Public health aspects of Vibrio spp. related to the consumption of seafood in the EU. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8896. [PMID: 39045511 PMCID: PMC11263920 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae are the Vibrio spp. of highest relevance for public health in the EU through seafood consumption. Infection with V. parahaemolyticus is associated with the haemolysins thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related haemolysin (TRH) and mainly leads to acute gastroenteritis. V. vulnificus infections can lead to sepsis and death in susceptible individuals. V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 can cause mild gastroenteritis or lead to severe infections, including sepsis, in susceptible individuals. The pooled prevalence estimate in seafood is 19.6% (95% CI 13.7-27.4), 6.1% (95% CI 3.0-11.8) and 4.1% (95% CI 2.4-6.9) for V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and non-choleragenic V. cholerae, respectively. Approximately one out of five V. parahaemolyticus-positive samples contain pathogenic strains. A large spectrum of antimicrobial resistances, some of which are intrinsic, has been found in vibrios isolated from seafood or food-borne infections in Europe. Genes conferring resistance to medically important antimicrobials and associated with mobile genetic elements are increasingly detected in vibrios. Temperature and salinity are the most relevant drivers for Vibrio abundance in the aquatic environment. It is anticipated that the occurrence and levels of the relevant Vibrio spp. in seafood will increase in response to coastal warming and extreme weather events, especially in low-salinity/brackish waters. While some measures, like high-pressure processing, irradiation or depuration reduce the levels of Vibrio spp. in seafood, maintaining the cold chain is important to prevent their growth. Available risk assessments addressed V. parahaemolyticus in various types of seafood and V. vulnificus in raw oysters and octopus. A quantitative microbiological risk assessment relevant in an EU context would be V. parahaemolyticus in bivalve molluscs (oysters), evaluating the effect of mitigations, especially in a climate change scenario. Knowledge gaps related to Vibrio spp. in seafood and aquatic environments are identified and future research needs are prioritised.
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Morgado ME, Brumfield KD, Mitchell C, Boyle MM, Colwell RR, Sapkota AR. Increased incidence of vibriosis in Maryland, U.S.A., 2006-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117940. [PMID: 38101724 PMCID: PMC10922380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio spp. naturally occur in warm water with moderate salinity. Infections with non-cholera Vibrio (vibriosis) cause an estimated 80,000 illnesses and 100 fatalities each year in the United States. Climate associated changes to environmental parameters in aquatic ecosystems are largely promoting Vibrio growth, and increased incidence of vibriosis is being reported globally. However, vibriosis trends in the northeastern U.S. (e.g., Maryland) have not been evaluated since 2008. METHODS Vibriosis case data for Maryland (2006-2019; n = 611) were obtained from the COVIS database. Incidence rates were calculated using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for Maryland. A logistic regression model, including region, age group, race, gender, occupation, and exposure type, was used to estimate the likelihood of hospitalization. RESULTS Comparing the 2006-2012 and 2013-2019 periods, there was a 39% (p = 0.01) increase in the average annual incidence rate (per 100,000 population) of vibriosis, with V. vulnificus infections seeing the greatest percentage increase (53%, p = 0.01), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (47%, p = 0.05). The number of hospitalizations increased by 58% (p = 0.01). Since 2010, there were more reported vibriosis cases with a hospital duration ≥10 days. Patients from the upper eastern shore region and those over the age of 65 were more likely (OR = 6.8 and 12.2) to be hospitalized compared to other patients. CONCLUSIONS Long-term increases in Vibrio infections, notably V. vulnificus wound infections, are occurring in Maryland. This trend, along with increased rates in hospitalizations and average hospital durations, underscore the need to improve public awareness, water monitoring, post-harvest seafood interventions, and environmental forecasting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele E Morgado
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kyle D Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Clifford Mitchell
- Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle M Boyle
- Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
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Di Maro O, Proroga YT, Castellano S, Balestrieri A, Capuano F, Arletti E, Vietina M, Bizzarri M, Murru N, Peruzy MF, Cristiano D. Detection of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in foods: polymerase chain reaction-based screening strategy to rapidly detect pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus in bivalve mollusks and preliminary results. Ital J Food Saf 2024; 13:11635. [PMID: 38623280 PMCID: PMC11017957 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.11635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of human diseases attributed to seafood are caused by Vibrio spp., and the most commonly reported species are Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio cholerae. The conventional methods for the detection of Vibrio species involve the use of selective media, which are inexpensive and simple but time-consuming. The present work aimed to develop a rapid method based on the use of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. cholerae in bivalve mollusks. 30 aliquots of bivalve mollusks (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were experimentally inoculated with two levels of V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. cholerae. ISO 21872-1:2017 was used in parallel for qualitative analysis. The limit of detection of 50% was 7.67 CFU/g for V. cholerae, 0.024 CFU/g for V. vulnificus, and 1.36 CFU/g for V. parahaemolyticus. For V. vulnificus and V. cholerae, the real-time PCR protocol was demonstrated to amplify the pathogens in samples seeded with the lowest and highest levels. The molecular method evaluated showed a concordance rate of 100% with the reference microbiological method. V. parahaemolyticus was never detected in samples contaminated with the lowest level, and it was detected in 14 samples (93.33%) seeded with the highest concentration. In conclusion, the developed multiplex real-time PCR proved to be reliable for V. vulnificus and V. cholerae. Results for V. parahaemolyticus are promising, but further analysis is needed. The proposed method could represent a quick monitoring tool and, if used, would allow the implementation of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlandina Di Maro
- Department of Food Inspection, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici
| | - Yolande T.R. Proroga
- Department of Food Inspection, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici
| | - Silvia Castellano
- Department of Food Inspection, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Department of Food Inspection, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici
| | - Federico Capuano
- Department of Food Inspection, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici
| | | | | | | | - Nicoletta Murru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Peruzy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Daniela Cristiano
- Department of Food Inspection, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici
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Smith P, Le Devendec L, Jouy E, Larvor E, Lesne J, Kirschner AKT, Rehm C, Leopold M, Pleininger S, Heger F, Jäckel C, Göllner C, Nekat J, Hammerl JA, Baron S. Epidemiological cut-off values for non-O1/ non-O139 Vibrio cholerae disc diffusion data generated by standardised methods. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 156:115-121. [PMID: 38095366 DOI: 10.3354/dao03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This work generates the data needed to set epidemiological cut-off values for disc-diffusion zone measurements of Vibrio cholerae. The susceptibility of 147 European isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae to 19 antibiotics was established using a standardised disc diffusion method which specified incubation of Mueller Hinton agar plates at 35°C. Epidemiological cut-off values were calculated by analysis of the zone size data with the statistically based normalised resistance interpretation method. Cut-off values for 17 agents were calculated by analysis of the aggregated data from all 4 laboratories participating in this study. The cut-off values calculated were ≥18 mm for amoxicillin/clavulanate, ≥18 mm for amikacin, ≥19 mm for ampicillin, ≥27 mm for cefepime, ≥31 mm for cefotaxime, ≥24 mm for ceftazidime, ≥24 mm for chloramphenicol, ≥31 mm for ciprofloxacin, ≥16 mm for erythromycin, ≥ 27 mm for florfenicol, ≥16 mm for gentamicin, ≥23 mm for imipenem, ≥25 mm for meropenem, ≥29 mm for nalidixic acid, ≥28 mm for norfloxacin, ≥13 mm for streptomycin and ≥23 mm for tetracycline. For the other 2 agents the data from 1 laboratory was excluded from the censored aggregation because the data from that laboratory was considered excessively imprecise. The cut-off values for these 2 agents calculated for the aggregation of the data from 3 laboratories were ≥23 mm for trimethoprim and ≥24 mm for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. These zone size data will be submitted to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for their consideration in setting international consensus epidemiological cut-off values for non O1/non-O139 V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smith
- School of Natural Science, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Laëtitia Le Devendec
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Emeline Larvor
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Jean Lesne
- École des Hautes Études en Sante Publique, Laboratoire d'Étude et de Recherche en Environnent et Sante, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Austria
- Division Water Quality & Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, www.waterandhealth.at
| | - Carmen Rehm
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Austria
- Division Water Quality & Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, www.waterandhealth.at
| | - Melanie Leopold
- Division Water Quality & Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, www.waterandhealth.at
| | - Sonja Pleininger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria, Waehringer Strasse 25A, 1094 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Heger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria, Waehringer Strasse 25A, 1094 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Jäckel
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 1089 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Göllner
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 1089 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Nekat
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 1089 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn Str. 8-10, 1089 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandrine Baron
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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Choudhary P, Satapathy P, Mital AK, Rustagi S, Pradhan KB, Mohanty A, Padhi BK, Sah R. The Rising Tide of a Deadly Bacteria: How Warming Waters are Fueling the Spread of Vibrio Vulnificus. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361231204672. [PMID: 37954125 PMCID: PMC10638865 DOI: 10.1177/11786361231204672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Choudhary
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Chhainsa, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar Mital
- Department of Paediatrics, DR Multispeciality Hospital, Faridabad, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Keerti Bhusan Pradhan
- Department of Healthcare Management, Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University Punjab, Patiala, India
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bijaya K Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Sacheli R, Philippe C, Meex C, Mzougui S, Melin P, Hayette MP. Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in Selected Recreational Water Bodies in Belgium during 2021 Bathing Season. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6932. [PMID: 37887670 PMCID: PMC10606296 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a global increase in the number of reports of human vibriosis involving V. cholerae non-O1/O139 (NOVC) and other Vibrio spp. has been observed. In this context, the Belgian National Reference Center for Vibrio conducted an assessment of the presence of Vibrio spp. in recreational waters. Water sampling was performed monthly in different lakes in Wallonia and Flanders, including the North Sea. The collected water was then filtrated and cultured, and Vibrio spp. was quantified according to the Most Probable Number (MPN). Presumptive colonies were confirmed via MALDI-TOF, and PCR for virulence genes was applied if justified. No Vibrio spp. was found in the analyzed water bodies in Wallonia. However, NOVC was isolated from three different lakes in Flanders and from coastal water. In addition, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus were also detected in coastal water. No clear impact of the pH and temperature was observed on Vibrio spp. occurrence. Our study demonstrates the presence of Vibrio spp. in different bathing water bodies, mostly in the north of Belgium, and supports the recommendation to include Vibrio spp. as a water quality indicator for bathing water quality assessment to ensure the safety of water recreational users in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Sacheli
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Belgian National Reference Center Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.P.); (C.M.); (S.M.); (P.M.); (M.-P.H.)
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Waidner LA, Potdukhe TV. Tools to Enumerate and Predict Distribution Patterns of Environmental Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2502. [PMID: 37894160 PMCID: PMC10609196 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) are water- and foodborne bacteria that can cause several distinct human diseases, collectively called vibriosis. The success of oyster aquaculture is negatively impacted by high Vibrio abundances. Myriad environmental factors affect the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio, including temperature, salinity, eutrophication, extreme weather events, and plankton loads, including harmful algal blooms. In this paper, we synthesize the current understanding of ecological drivers of Vv and Vp and provide a summary of various tools used to enumerate Vv and Vp in a variety of environments and environmental samples. We also highlight the limitations and benefits of each of the measurement tools and propose example alternative tools for more specific enumeration of pathogenic Vv and Vp. Improvement of molecular methods can tighten better predictive models that are potentially important for mitigation in more controlled environments such as aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Waidner
- Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Building 58, Room 108, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Trupti V. Potdukhe
- GEMS Program, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1853 W. Polk St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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10
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Schütt EM, Hundsdörfer MAJ, von Hoyningen-Huene AJE, Lange X, Koschmider A, Oppelt N. First Steps towards a near Real-Time Modelling System of Vibrio vulnificus in the Baltic Sea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085543. [PMID: 37107825 PMCID: PMC10138452 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, Vibrio vulnificus infections have emerged as an increasingly serious public health threat along the German Baltic coast. To manage related risks, near real-time (NRT) modelling of V. vulnificus quantities has often been proposed. Such models require spatially explicit input data, for example, from remote sensing or numerical model products. We tested if data from a hydrodynamic, a meteorological, and a biogeochemical model are suitable as input for an NRT model system by coupling it with field samples and assessing the models' ability to capture known ecological parameters of V. vulnificus. We also identify the most important predictors for V. vulnificus in the Baltic Sea by leveraging the St. Nicolas House Analysis. Using a 27-year time series of sea surface temperature, we have investigated trends of V. vulnificus season length, which pinpoint hotspots mainly in the east of our study region. Our results underline the importance of water temperature and salinity on V. vulnificus abundance but also highlight the potential of air temperature, oxygen, and precipitation to serve as predictors in a statistical model, albeit their relationship with V. vulnificus may not be causal. The evaluated models cannot be used in an NRT model system due to data availability constraints, but promising alternatives are presented. The results provide a valuable basis for a future NRT model for V. vulnificus in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike M. Schütt
- Earth Observation and Modelling, Department of Geography, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie A. J. Hundsdörfer
- Earth Observation and Modelling, Department of Geography, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Xaver Lange
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Agnes Koschmider
- Business Informatics and Process Analytics, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Natascha Oppelt
- Earth Observation and Modelling, Department of Geography, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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