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Bathrinarayanan PV, Hallam SM, Grover LM, Vigolo D, Simmons MJH. Microfluidics as a Powerful Tool to Investigate Microvascular Dysfunction in Trauma Conditions: A Review of the State-of-the-Art. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400037. [PMID: 39031943 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle trauma such as fracture or crush injury can result in a life-threatening condition called acute compartment syndrome (ACS), which involves elevated compartmental pressure within a closed osteo-fascial compartment, leading to collapse of the microvasculature and resulting in necrosis of the tissue due to ischemia. Diagnosis of ACS is complex and controversial due to the lack of standardized objective methods, which results in high rates of misdiagnosis/late diagnosis, leading to permanent neuro-muscular damage. ACS pathophysiology is poorly understood at a cellular level due to the lack of physiologically relevant models. In this context, microfluidics organ-on-chip systems (OOCs) provide an exciting opportunity to investigate the cellular mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction that leads to ACS. In this article, the state-of-the-art OOCs designs and strategies used to investigate microvasculature dysfunction mechanisms is reviewed. The differential effects of hemodynamic shear stress on endothelial cell characteristics such as morphology, permeability, and inflammation, all of which are altered during microvascular dysfunction is highlighted. The article then critically reviews the importance of microfluidics to investigate closely related microvascular pathologies that cause ACS. The article concludes by discussing potential biomarkers of ACS with a special emphasis on glycocalyx and providing a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vasanthi Bathrinarayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - S M Hallam
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - L M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - D Vigolo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- The University of Sydney, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - M J H Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
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Harris S, Gerken K, Clark‐Price S, Hung E, Jukier T, Yanke A, Kuo K, McMichael M. Urinary syndecan-1 in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane or sevoflurane: A randomized, prospective study. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:2165-2170. [PMID: 38813802 PMCID: PMC11256145 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndecan-1 (SDC1) is an established marker of endothelial glycocalyx shedding. Most research on SDC1 has focused on plasma or serum concentrations, and little is known about urine concentrations. OBJECTIVES Measure urinary SDC1 concentrations in dogs undergoing anesthesia with either sevoflurane or isoflurane and assess the effects of anesthesia duration and IV crystalloids on urinary SDC1 concentrations. ANIMALS Thirty-one client-owned dogs undergoing anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without surgery for suspected intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) were used. METHODS Dogs with suspected IVDD were randomized to undergo anesthesia with either sevoflurane or isoflurane. Urine was collected before and immediately after anesthesia for the analysis of SDC1. Urinary creatinine concentrations also were measured, and the ratio of urinary SDC1 to urinary creatinine (USCR) was used to account for dilution. RESULTS Median (range) USCR was significantly higher after anesthesia compared with baseline for all groups combined (P < .05). No significant difference was found between the groups for age, sex, weight, and type of anesthesia. Multiple regression analysis of the effect of the independent variables inhalant type, age, weight, sex, anesthesia time, surgery, and quantity of IV fluids on the dependent variable SDC1 found that only the quantity of IV fluids significantly predicted a change (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The total volume of lactated Ringer's solution administered to anesthetized dogs may affect USCR. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the relationship between IV fluids and SDC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Harris
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Katherine Gerken
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Stuart Clark‐Price
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Ellan Hung
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Tom Jukier
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Amy Yanke
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Kendon Kuo
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Maureen McMichael
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
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Weinstein N, Carlsen J, Schulz S, Stapleton T, Henriksen HH, Travnik E, Johansson PI. A Lifelike guided journey through the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension-from measured metabolites to the mechanism of action of drugs. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1341145. [PMID: 38845688 PMCID: PMC11153715 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1341145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological condition that affects approximately 1% of the population. The prognosis for many patients is poor, even after treatment. Our knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause or are involved in the progression of PH is incomplete. Additionally, the mechanism of action of many drugs used to treat pulmonary hypertension, including sotatercept, requires elucidation. Methods Using our graph-powered knowledge mining software Lifelike in combination with a very small patient metabolite data set, we demonstrate how we derive detailed mechanistic hypotheses on the mechanisms of PH pathophysiology and clinical drugs. Results In PH patients, the concentration of hypoxanthine, 12(S)-HETE, glutamic acid, and sphingosine 1 phosphate is significantly higher, while the concentration of L-arginine and L-histidine is lower than in healthy controls. Using the graph-based data analysis, gene ontology, and semantic association capabilities of Lifelike, led us to connect the differentially expressed metabolites with G-protein signaling and SRC. Then, we associated SRC with IL6 signaling. Subsequently, we found associations that connect SRC, and IL6 to activin and BMP signaling. Lastly, we analyzed the mechanisms of action of several existing and novel pharmacological treatments for PH. Lifelike elucidated the interplay between G-protein, IL6, activin, and BMP signaling. Those pathways regulate hallmark pathophysiological processes of PH, including vasoconstriction, endothelial barrier function, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Discussion The results highlight the importance of SRC, ERK1, AKT, and MLC activity in PH. The molecular pathways affected by existing and novel treatments for PH also converge on these molecules. Importantly, sotatercept affects SRC, ERK1, AKT, and MLC simultaneously. The present study shows the power of mining knowledge graphs using Lifelike's diverse set of data analytics functionalities for developing knowledge-driven hypotheses on PH pathophysiological and drug mechanisms and their interactions. We believe that Lifelike and our presented approach will be valuable for future mechanistic studies of PH, other diseases, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Weinstein
- CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Carlsen
- CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy Stapleton
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanne H. Henriksen
- CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evelyn Travnik
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pär Ingemar Johansson
- CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Twamley SG, Gimber N, Sánchez-Ibarra HE, Christaller T, Isakzai V, Kratz H, Mitra R, Kampen L, Stach A, Heilmann H, Söhl-Kielczynski B, Ebong EE, Schmoranzer J, Münster-Wandowski A, Ludwig A. Lack of Laminar Shear Stress Facilitates the Endothelial Uptake of Very Small Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Modulating the Endothelial Surface Layer. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3123-3142. [PMID: 38585474 PMCID: PMC10998537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s437714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study whether the absence of laminar shear stress (LSS) enables the uptake of very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) in endothelial cells by altering the composition, size, and barrier function of the endothelial surface layer (ESL). Methods and Results A quantitative particle exclusion assay with living human umbilical endothelial cells using spinning disc confocal microscopy revealed that the dimension of the ESL was reduced in cells cultivated in the absence of LSS. By combining gene expression analysis, flow cytometry, high pressure freezing/freeze substitution immuno-transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we investigated changes in ESL composition. We found that increased expression of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 by absence of shear stress did not affect the uptake rate of VSOPs. We identified collagen as a previously neglected component of ESL that contributes to its barrier function. Experiments with inhibitor halofuginone and small interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated that suppression of collagen expression facilitates VSOP uptake in endothelial cells grown under LSS. Conclusion The absence of laminar shear stress disturbs the barrier function of the ESL, facilitating membrane accessibility and endocytic uptake of VSOP. Collagen, a previously neglected component of ESL, contributes to its barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailey Gale Twamley
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Gimber
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Héctor Eduardo Sánchez-Ibarra
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Christaller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Isakzai
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Kratz
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronodeep Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lena Kampen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Stach
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Heilmann
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berit Söhl-Kielczynski
- Institute for Integrative Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eno Essien Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Münster-Wandowski
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Ludwig
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Diebel LN, Liberati DM, Karadjoff A, Terasaki Y, Srour A, McPherson S. Detection of glycocalyx degradation in real time: A conceptual model of thromboelastography. Surgery 2024; 175:613-617. [PMID: 37863690 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial glycocalyx is a critical component of the vascular barrier; its disruption after shock states may contribute to coagulopathy in a variety of conditions. Measurement of glycocalyx components in plasma have been used to index glycocalyx degradation but are not available as a point of care test. Heparanoids, such as heparan sulfate, may affect coagulation which may be detected by either thromboelastography or activated clotting time. METHODS Endothelial glycocalyx components syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate were added to blood samples at clinically relevant concentrations. Thromboelastography values included clot reaction time, clot amplification and fibrinogen values, and maximum clot strength (maximum amplitude, platelets). The heparinase thromboelastography cartridge was used to detect a heparin-like effect. The activated clotting time test was performed subsequently using the heparan sulfate blood samples to compare a standard coagulation test with thromboelastography clot reaction times. RESULTS Both thromboelastography clot reaction time (with comparison to heparinase) and activated clotting time were useful to detect effects of coagulation. Thromboelastography also detected platelet and fibrinogen abnormalities at higher heparan sulfate concentrations. Studies using thromboelastography or even activated clotting time may be useful to detect glycocalyx degradation after shock states and may guide clinical decision making. CONCLUSION Thromboelastography and or activated clotting time may be useful to detect glycocalyx degradation as a point of care test in patients in the acute setting. Additionally, these assays may detect previous undisclosed coagulopathy due to glycocalyx degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Diebel
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| | - David M Liberati
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Alison Karadjoff
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Yusuke Terasaki
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Ali Srour
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Steve McPherson
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Park S, Newton J, Hidjir T, Young EWK. Bidirectional airflow in lung airway-on-a-chip with matrix-derived membrane elicits epithelial glycocalyx formation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3671-3682. [PMID: 37462986 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip systems are rapidly advancing as a viable alternative to existing experimental models in respiratory research. To date, however, epithelial cell cultures within lung airway-on-a-chip devices have yet to demonstrate the presence of an epithelial glycocalyx, a thin layer of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids known to play an important role in regulating epithelial function. Here, we demonstrate that an airway-on-a-chip device that incorporates bidirectional flow mimicking breathing cycles in combination with an ultra-thin matrix-derived membrane (UMM) layer can generate a glycocalyx layer comprised of heparan sulfate. Results with this device and airflow system showed dramatic differences of airway epithelial cell viability and expression of tight junctions, cilia, and mucus over a wide range of flow rates when cultured under oscillatory flow. More importantly, for the first time in a microfluidic organ-on-a-chip setting, we achieved the visualization of an airflow-induced epithelial glycocalyx layer. Our experiments highlight the importance of physiological mimicry in developing in vitro models, as bidirectional airflow showed more representative mucociliary differentiation compared to continuous unidirectional airflow. Thus, the lung airway-on-a-chip platform demonstrated in this study holds great potential as a lung epithelial barrier model for studying the mechanisms of various respiratory diseases and for testing the efficacy of therapeutic candidates in the presence of bidirectional airflow and the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwan Park
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Jeremy Newton
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Tesnime Hidjir
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
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7
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Wang X, Shen Y, Shang M, Liu X, Munn LL. Endothelial mechanobiology in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1656-1675. [PMID: 37163659 PMCID: PMC10325702 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a central role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis and is in direct contact with the blood flow. Research over the past century has shown that mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall contribute to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. While the straight part of the artery is exposed to sustained laminar flow and physiological high shear stress, flow near branch points or in curved vessels can exhibit 'disturbed' flow. Clinical studies as well as carefully controlled in vitro analyses have confirmed that these regions of disturbed flow, which can include low shear stress, recirculation, oscillation, or lateral flow, are preferential sites of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because of their critical role in blood flow homeostasis, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have mechanosensory mechanisms that allow them to react rapidly to changes in mechanical forces, and to execute context-specific adaptive responses to modulate EC functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of endothelial mechanobiology, which can guide the identification of new therapeutic targets to slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lance L Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Sembajwe LF, Ssekandi AM, Namaganda A, Muwonge H, Kasolo JN, Kalyesubula R, Nakimuli A, Naome M, Patel KP, Masenga SK, Kirabo A. Glycocalyx-Sodium Interaction in Vascular Endothelium. Nutrients 2023; 15:2873. [PMID: 37447199 PMCID: PMC10343370 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx generally covers almost all cellular surfaces, where it participates in mediating cell-surface interactions with the extracellular matrix as well as with intracellular signaling molecules. The endothelial glycocalyx that covers the luminal surface mediates the interactions of endothelial cells with materials flowing in the circulating blood, including blood cells. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The cardiovascular risk factors start by causing endothelial cell dysfunction associated with destruction or irregular maintenance of the glycocalyx, which may culminate into a full-blown cardiovascular disease. The endothelial glycocalyx plays a crucial role in shielding the cell from excessive exposure and absorption of excessive salt, which can potentially cause damage to the endothelial cells and underlying tissues of the blood vessels. So, in this mini review/commentary, we delineate and provide a concise summary of the various components of the glycocalyx, their interaction with salt, and subsequent involvement in the cardiovascular disease process. We also highlight the major components of the glycocalyx that could be used as disease biomarkers or as drug targets in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Fred Sembajwe
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Abdul M. Ssekandi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Agnes Namaganda
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Haruna Muwonge
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Josephine N. Kasolo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kalyesubula
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda;
| | - Mwesigwa Naome
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Kabwe P.O. Box 80415, Zambia;
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
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9
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Abdullah S, Ghio M, Cotton-Betteridge A, Vinjamuri A, Drury R, Packer J, Aras O, Friedman J, Karim M, Engelhardt D, Kosowski E, Duong K, Shaheen F, McGrew PR, Harris CT, Reily R, Sammarco M, Chandra PK, Pociask D, Kolls J, Katakam PV, Smith A, Taghavi S, Duchesne J, Jackson-Weaver O. Succinate metabolism and membrane reorganization drives the endotheliopathy and coagulopathy of traumatic hemorrhage. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6600. [PMID: 37315138 PMCID: PMC10266735 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute hemorrhage commonly leads to coagulopathy and organ dysfunction or failure. Recent evidence suggests that damage to the endothelial glycocalyx contributes to these adverse outcomes. The physiological events mediating acute glycocalyx shedding are undefined, however. Here, we show that succinate accumulation within endothelial cells drives glycocalyx degradation through a membrane reorganization-mediated mechanism. We investigated this mechanism in a cultured endothelial cell hypoxia-reoxygenation model, in a rat model of hemorrhage, and in trauma patient plasma samples. We found that succinate metabolism by succinate dehydrogenase mediates glycocalyx damage through lipid oxidation and phospholipase A2-mediated membrane reorganization, promoting the interaction of matrix metalloproteinase 24 (MMP24) and MMP25 with glycocalyx constituents. In a rat hemorrhage model, inhibiting succinate metabolism or membrane reorganization prevented glycocalyx damage and coagulopathy. In patients with trauma, succinate levels were associated with glycocalyx damage and the development of coagulopathy, and the interaction of MMP24 and syndecan-1 was elevated compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abdullah
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael Ghio
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Drury
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jacob Packer
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Oguz Aras
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jessica Friedman
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mardeen Karim
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Kelby Duong
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Farhana Shaheen
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Patrick R. McGrew
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Charles T. Harris
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert Reily
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mimi Sammarco
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Partha K. Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Derek Pociask
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jay Kolls
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad V. Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alison Smith
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sharven Taghavi
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Juan Duchesne
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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10
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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11
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Milusev A, Despont A, Shaw J, Rieben R, Sorvillo N. Inflammatory stimuli induce shedding of heparan sulfate from arterial but not venous porcine endothelial cells leading to differential proinflammatory and procoagulant responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4483. [PMID: 36934164 PMCID: PMC10024017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early event of vascular injury defined by a proinflammatory and procoagulant endothelial cell (EC) phenotype. Although endothelial glycocalyx disruption is associated with vascular damage, how various inflammatory stimuli affect the glycocalyx and whether arterial and venous cells respond differently is unknown. Using a 3D round-channel microfluidic system we investigated the endothelial glycocalyx, particularly heparan sulfate (HS), on porcine arterial and venous ECs. Heparan sulfate (HS)/glycocalyx expression was observed already under static conditions on venous ECs while it was flow-dependent on arterial cells. Furthermore, analysis of HS/glycocalyx response after stimulation with inflammatory cues revealed that venous, but not arterial ECs, are resistant to HS shedding. This finding was observed also on isolated porcine vessels. Persistence of HS on venous ECs prevented complement deposition and clot formation after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor α or lipopolysaccharide, whereas after xenogeneic activation no glycocalyx-mediated protection was observed. Contrarily, HS shedding on arterial cells, even without an inflammatory insult, was sufficient to induce a proinflammatory and procoagulant phenotype. Our data indicate that the dimorphic response of arterial and venous ECs is partially due to distinct HS/glycocalyx dynamics suggesting that arterial and venous thrombo-inflammatory disorders require targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Milusev
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alain Despont
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jane Shaw
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Gianesini S, Rimondi E, Raffetto JD, Melloni E, Pellati A, Menegatti E, Avruscio GP, Bassetto F, Costa AL, Rockson S. Human collecting lymphatic glycocalyx identification by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3022. [PMID: 36810649 PMCID: PMC9945466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood flow is translated into biochemical inflammatory or anti-inflammatory signals based onshear stress type, by means of sensitive endothelial receptors. Recognition of the phenomenon is of paramount importance for enhanced insights into the pathophysiological processes of vascular remodeling. The endothelial glycocalyx is a pericellular matrix, identified in both arteries and veins, acting collectively as a sensor responsive to blood flow changes. Venous and lymphatic physiology is interconnected; however, to our knowledge, a lymphatic glycocalyx structure has never been identified in humans. The objective of this investigation is to identify glycocalyx structures from ex vivo lymphatic human samples. Lower limb vein and lymphatic vessels were harvested. The samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The specimens were also examined by immunohistochemistry. Transmission electron microscopy identified a glycocalyx structure in human venous and lymphatic samples. Immunohistochemistry for podoplanin, glypican-1, mucin-2, agrin and brevican characterized lymphatic and venous glycocalyx-like structures. To our knowledge, the present work reports the first identification of a glycocalyx-like structure in human lymphatic tissue. The vasculoprotective action of the glycocalyx could become an investigational target in the lymphatic system as well, with clinical implications for the many patients affected by lymphatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gianesini
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Translational Medicine, LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ,grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - E. Rimondi
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Translational Medicine, LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J. D. Raffetto
- grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XSurgery Department, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - E. Melloni
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Translational Medicine, LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Pellati
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Translational Medicine, LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E. Menegatti
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Environmental Sciences and Prevention Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G. P. Avruscio
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Hospital-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F. Bassetto
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Neuroscience, Clinic of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. L. Costa
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Neuroscience, Clinic of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Rockson
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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13
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Fatmi A, Saadi W, Beltrán-García J, García-Giménez JL, Pallardó FV. The Endothelial Glycocalyx and Neonatal Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010364. [PMID: 36613805 PMCID: PMC9820255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis carries a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality in newborns, especially preterm-born neonates. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a carbohydrate-rich layer lining the vascular endothelium, with important vascular barrier function and cell adhesion properties, serving also as a mechano-sensor for blood flow. eGC shedding is recognized as a fundamental pathophysiological process generating microvascular dysfunction, which in turn contributes to multiple organ failure and death in sepsis. Although the disruption of eGC and its consequences have been investigated intensively in the adult population, its composition, development, and potential mechanisms of action are still poorly studied during the neonatal period, and more specifically, in neonatal sepsis. Further knowledge on this topic may provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that guide the sepsis pathology during the neonatal period, and would increase the usefulness of endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. We reviewed several components of the eGC that help to deeply understand the mechanisms involved in the eGC disruption during the neonatal period. In addition, we evaluated the potential of eGC components as biomarkers and future targets to develop therapeutic strategies for neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Fatmi
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wiam Saadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature, Life and Earth Sciences, University of Djillali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana 44225, Algeria
| | - Jesús Beltrán-García
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-386-46-46
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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14
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Kiyan Y, Schultalbers A, Chernobrivaia E, Tkachuk S, Rong S, Shushakova N, Haller H. Calcium dobesilate reduces SARS-CoV-2 entry into endothelial cells by inhibiting virus binding to heparan sulfate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16878. [PMID: 36207386 PMCID: PMC9542452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate as an attachment factor to facilitate the initial interaction with host cells. Heparan sulfate interacts with the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, and blocking this interaction can decrease cell infection. We and others reported recently that the family of compounds of 2,5-dihydroxyphenylic acid interferes with the binding of the positively charged groove in growth factor molecules to negatively charged cell surface heparan sulfate. We hypothesized that Calcium Dobesilate (CaD)-calcium salt of 2,5-dihydroxyphenylic acid-may also interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to heparan sulfate. Using lentiviral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudotyped particles we show that CaD could significantly reduce pseudovirus uptake into endothelial cells. On the contrary, CaD did not affect cell infection with VSVG-expressing lentivirus. CaD could also prevent retention of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in ex vivo perfused mouse kidney. Using microfluidic culture of endothelial cells under flow, we show that CaD prevents spike protein interaction with heparan sulfate glycocalyx. Since CaD has no adverse side effects and is approved in humans for other medical indications, our findings can rapidly translate into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kiyan
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anna Schultalbers
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Mount Desert Biological Laboratory MDIBL, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - Ekaterina Chernobrivaia
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergey Tkachuk
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Phenos GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Phenos GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Mount Desert Biological Laboratory MDIBL, Bar Harbor, USA
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15
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Introini V, Govendir MA, Rayner JC, Cicuta P, Bernabeu M. Biophysical Tools and Concepts Enable Understanding of Asexual Blood Stage Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:908241. [PMID: 35711656 PMCID: PMC9192966 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.908241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Forces and mechanical properties of cells and tissues set constraints on biological functions, and are key determinants of human physiology. Changes in cell mechanics may arise from disease, or directly contribute to pathogenesis. Malaria gives many striking examples. Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, are single-celled organisms that cannot survive outside their hosts; thus, thost-pathogen interactions are fundamental for parasite’s biological success and to the host response to infection. These interactions are often combinations of biochemical and mechanical factors, but most research focuses on the molecular side. However, Plasmodium infection of human red blood cells leads to changes in their mechanical properties, which has a crucial impact on disease pathogenesis because of the interaction of infected red blood cells with other human tissues through various adhesion mechanisms, which can be probed and modelled with biophysical techniques. Recently, natural polymorphisms affecting red blood cell biomechanics have also been shown to protect human populations, highlighting the potential of understanding biomechanical factors to inform future vaccines and drug development. Here we review biophysical techniques that have revealed new aspects of Plasmodium falciparum invasion of red blood cells and cytoadhesion of infected cells to the host vasculature. These mechanisms occur differently across Plasmodium species and are linked to malaria pathogenesis. We highlight promising techniques from the fields of bioengineering, immunomechanics, and soft matter physics that could be beneficial for studying malaria. Some approaches might also be applied to other phases of the malaria lifecycle and to apicomplexan infections with complex host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Introini
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Viola Introini,
| | - Matt A. Govendir
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian C. Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Bernabeu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Milusev A, Rieben R, Sorvillo N. The Endothelial Glycocalyx: A Possible Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:897087. [PMID: 35647072 PMCID: PMC9136230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.897087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant properties of endothelial cells (ECs) rely on a complex carbohydrate-rich layer covering the luminal surface of ECs, called the glycocalyx. In a range of cardiovascular disorders, glycocalyx shedding causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, underscoring the importance of glycocalyx preservation to avoid disease initiation and progression. In this review we discuss the physiological functions of the glycocalyx with particular focus on how loss of endothelial glycocalyx integrity is linked to cardiovascular risk factors, like hypertension, aging, diabetes and obesity, and contributes to the development of thrombo-inflammatory conditions. Finally, we consider the role of glycocalyx components in regulating inflammatory responses and discuss possible therapeutic interventions aiming at preserving or restoring the endothelial glycocalyx and therefore protecting against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Milusev
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicoletta Sorvillo
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17
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The role of the cell surface glycocalyx in drug delivery to and through the endothelium. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114195. [PMID: 35292326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes are key interfaces where materials engineering meets biology. Traditionally regarded as just the location of receptors regulating the uptake of molecules, we now know that all mammalian cell membranes are 'sugar coated'. These sugars, or glycans, form a matrix bound at the cell membrane via proteins and lipids, referred to as the glycocalyx, which modulate access to cell membrane receptors crucial for interactions with drug delivery systems (DDS). Focusing on the key blood-tissue barrier faced by most DDS to enable transport from the place of administration to target sites via the circulation, we critically assess the design of carriers for interactions at the endothelial cell surface. We also discuss the current challenges for this area and provide opportunities for future research efforts to more fully engineer DDS for controlled, efficient, and targeted interactions with the endothelium for therapeutic application.
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18
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Li X, Preckel B, Hermanides J, Hollmann MW, Zuurbier CJ, Weber NC. Amelioration of endothelial dysfunction by sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: pieces of the puzzle explaining their cardiovascular protection. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4047-4062. [PMID: 35393687 PMCID: PMC9545205 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) improve cardiovascular outcomes in both diabetic and non‐diabetic patients. Preclinical studies suggest that SGLT‐2is directly affect endothelial function in a glucose‐independent manner. The effects of SGLT‐2is include decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in endothelial cells. Furthermore, SGLT2is restore endothelium‐related vasodilation and regulate angiogenesis. The favourable cardiovascular effects of SGLT‐2is could be mediated via a number of pathways: (1) inhibition of the overactive sodium‐hydrogen exchanger; (2) decreased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases; (3) alleviation of mitochondrial injury; (4) suppression of inflammation‐related signalling pathways (e.g., by affecting NF‐κB); (5) modulation of glycolysis; and (6) recovery of impaired NO bioavailability. This review focuses on the most recent progress and existing gaps in preclinical investigations concerning the direct effects of SGLT‐2is on endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Amsterdam, University Medical Centers, location AMC, Department of Anesthesiology - Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Cardiovascular Science, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedikt Preckel
- Amsterdam, University Medical Centers, location AMC, Department of Anesthesiology - Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Cardiovascular Science, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- Amsterdam, University Medical Centers, location AMC, Department of Anesthesiology - Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Cardiovascular Science, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Amsterdam, University Medical Centers, location AMC, Department of Anesthesiology - Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Cardiovascular Science, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam, University Medical Centers, location AMC, Department of Anesthesiology - Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Cardiovascular Science, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Amsterdam, University Medical Centers, location AMC, Department of Anesthesiology - Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Cardiovascular Science, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Chevalier L, Selim J, Castro C, Cuvilly F, Baste JM, Richard V, Pareige P, Bellien J. Combined Electron Microscopy Approaches for Arterial Glycocalyx Visualization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:840689. [PMID: 35355969 PMCID: PMC8959549 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.840689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mainly constituted of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, the glycocalyx is anchored in the plasma membrane, covering, in particular, the extracellular face of the arterial endothelium. Due to its complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture, the glycocalyx interacts with a wide variety of proteins, contributing to vascular permeability, the flow of mechanotransduction, and the modulation of local inflammatory processes. Alterations of glycocalyx structure mediate the endothelial dysfunction and contribute to the aggravation of peripheral vascular diseases. Therefore, the exploration of its ultrastructure becomes a priority to evaluate the degree of injury under physiopathological conditions and to assess the impact of therapeutic approaches. The objective of this study was to develop innovative approaches in electron microscopy to visualize the glycocalyx at the subcellular scale. Intravenous perfusion on rats with a fixing solution containing aldehyde fixatives enriched with lanthanum ions was performed to prepare arterial samples. The addition of lanthanum nitrate in the fixing solution allowed the enhancement of the staining of the glycocalyx for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and to detect elastic and inelastic scattered electrons, providing complementary qualitative information. The strength of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used on resin-embedded serial sections, allowing rapid and efficient large field imaging and previous correlative TEM observations for ultrastructural fine details. To demonstrate the dynamic feature of the glycocalyx, 3D tomography was provided by dual-beam focus-ion-beam-SEM (FIB-SEM). These approaches allowed us to visualize and characterize the ultrastructure of the pulmonary artery glycocalyx under physiological conditions and in a rat pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion model, known to induce endothelial dysfunction. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combined SEM, TEM, and FIB-SEM tomography approaches on the same sample as the multiscale visualization and the identification of structural indicators of arterial endothelial glycocalyx integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Chevalier
- Université Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Rouen Normandie- Normandie Université- GPM-UMR 6634, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Laurence Chevalier
| | - Jean Selim
- Université Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Université, ENVI- U1096, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Rouen, France
| | - Celia Castro
- Université Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Rouen Normandie- Normandie Université- GPM-UMR 6634, Rouen, France
| | - Fabien Cuvilly
- Université Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Rouen Normandie- Normandie Université- GPM-UMR 6634, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Baste
- Université Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Université, ENVI- U1096, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Université Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Université, ENVI- U1096, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Pareige
- Université Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Rouen Normandie- Normandie Université- GPM-UMR 6634, Rouen, France
| | - Jeremy Bellien
- Université Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Université, ENVI- U1096, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Rouen, France
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20
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Richter RP, Payne GA, Ambalavanan N, Gaggar A, Richter JR. The endothelial glycocalyx in critical illness: A pediatric perspective. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 14:100106. [PMID: 35392182 PMCID: PMC8981764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx thins with age and cardiovascular comorbidities. Endothelial glycocalyx is affected by and integral to severe pediatric illnesses. Mechanistic insight into cause/effect of endothelial glycocalyx injury is paramount. Vascular glycocalyx damage in pediatric critical illness warrants further study.
The vascular endothelium is the interface between circulating blood and end organs and thus has a critical role in preserving organ function. The endothelium is lined by a glycan-rich glycocalyx that uniquely contributes to endothelial function through its regulation of leukocyte and platelet interactions with the vessel wall, vascular permeability, coagulation, and vasoreactivity. Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx can thus promote vascular dysfunction, inflammation propagation, and organ injury. The endothelial glycocalyx and its role in vascular pathophysiology has gained increasing attention over the last decade. While studies characterizing vascular glycocalyx injury and its downstream consequences in a host of adult human diseases and in animal models has burgeoned, studies evaluating glycocalyx damage in pediatric diseases are relatively few. As children have unique physiology that differs from adults, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the causes and effects of endothelial glycocalyx disintegrity in pediatric critical illness. In this narrative literature overview, we offer a unique perspective on the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in pediatric critical illness, drawing from adult and preclinical data in addition to pediatric clinical experience to elucidate how marked derangement of the endothelial surface layer may contribute to aberrant vascular biology in children. By calling attention to this nascent field, we hope to increase research efforts to address important knowledge gaps in pediatric vascular biology that may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 5 Avenue South, CPPI Suite 102, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA.
| | - Gregory A. Payne
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Translational Research in Normal and Disordered Development Program, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jillian R. Richter
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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21
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Targeting nanoparticles to malignant tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Locatelli L, Inglebert M, Scrimieri R, Sinha PK, Zuccotti GV, Milani P, Bureau L, Misbah C, Maier JAM. Human endothelial cells in high glucose: New clues from culture in 3D microfluidic chips. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22137. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100914r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco Università di Milano Milano Italy
| | | | - Roberta Scrimieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco Università di Milano Milano Italy
| | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco Università di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa) Università di Milano Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “A. Pontremoli” Università di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Lionel Bureau
- LIPhy, CNRS Université Grenoble‐Alpes Grenoble France
| | | | - Jeanette A. M. Maier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco Università di Milano Milano Italy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa) Università di Milano Milano Italy
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