1
|
Hino H, Kondo S, Kuroda J. In vivo imaging of bone collagen dynamics in zebrafish. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101748. [PMID: 38525199 PMCID: PMC10959726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen plays a pivotal role in shaping bone morphology and determining its physical properties by serving as a template for ossification. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying bone collagen formation, particularly the principles governing its orientation, remain unknown owing to the lack of a method that enables continuous in vivo observations. To address this challenge, we constructed a method to visualize bone collagen by tagging with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in zebrafish and observed the interactions between osteoblasts and collagen fibers during bone formation in vivo. When collagen type I alpha 2 chain (Col1a2)-GFP was expressed under the control of the osteoblast-specific promoters osx or osc in zebrafish, bone collagen was observed clearly enough to identify its localization, whereas collagen from other organs was not. Therefore, we determined that this method was of sufficient quality for the detailed in vivo observation of bone collagen. Next, bone collagen in the scales, fin rays, and opercular bones of zebrafish was observed in detail, when bone formation is more active. High-magnification imaging showed that Col1a2-GFP can visualize collagen sufficiently to analyze the collagen fiber orientation and microstructure of bones. Furthermore, by simultaneously observation of bone collagen and osteoblasts, we successfully observed dynamic changes in the morphology and position of osteoblasts from the early stages of bone formation. It was also found that the localization pattern and orientation of bone collagen significantly differed depending on the choice of the expression promoter. Both promoters (osx and osc) used in this study are osteoblast-specific, but their Col1a2-GFP localizing regions within the bone were exclusive, with osx region localizing mainly to the outer edge of the bone and osc region localizing to the central area of the bone. This suggests the existence of distinct osteoblast subpopulations with different gene expression profiles, each of which may play a unique role in osteogenesis. These findings would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms governing bone collagen formation by osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Hino
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuroda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raman R, Antony M, Nivelle R, Lavergne A, Zappia J, Guerrero-Limón G, Caetano da Silva C, Kumari P, Sojan JM, Degueldre C, Bahri MA, Ostertag A, Collet C, Cohen-Solal M, Plenevaux A, Henrotin Y, Renn J, Muller M. The Osteoblast Transcriptome in Developing Zebrafish Reveals Key Roles for Extracellular Matrix Proteins Col10a1a and Fbln1 in Skeletal Development and Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:139. [PMID: 38397376 PMCID: PMC10886564 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are now widely used to study skeletal development and bone-related diseases. To that end, understanding osteoblast differentiation and function, the expression of essential transcription factors, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix proteins is crucial. We isolated Sp7-expressing osteoblasts from 4-day-old larvae using a fluorescent reporter. We identified two distinct subpopulations and characterized their specific transcriptome as well as their structural, regulatory, and signaling profile. Based on their differential expression in these subpopulations, we generated mutants for the extracellular matrix protein genes col10a1a and fbln1 to study their functions. The col10a1a-/- mutant larvae display reduced chondrocranium size and decreased bone mineralization, while in adults a reduced vertebral thickness and tissue mineral density, and fusion of the caudal fin vertebrae were observed. In contrast, fbln1-/- mutants showed an increased mineralization of cranial elements and a reduced ceratohyal angle in larvae, while in adults a significantly increased vertebral centra thickness, length, volume, surface area, and tissue mineral density was observed. In addition, absence of the opercle specifically on the right side was observed. Transcriptomic analysis reveals up-regulation of genes involved in collagen biosynthesis and down-regulation of Fgf8 signaling in fbln1-/- mutants. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of bone extracellular matrix protein genes col10a1a and fbln1 in skeletal development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratish Raman
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Mishal Antony
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Renaud Nivelle
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Arnaud Lavergne
- GIGA Genomics Platform, B34, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium (Y.H.)
| | - Gustavo Guerrero-Limón
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Caroline Caetano da Silva
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Jerry Maria Sojan
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Christian Degueldre
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnes Ostertag
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Corinne Collet
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
- UF de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium (Y.H.)
| | - Jörg Renn
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen SV, Lanni D, Xu Y, Michaelson JS, McMenamin SK. Dynamics of the Zebrafish Skeleton in Three Dimensions During Juvenile and Adult Development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:875866. [PMID: 35721557 PMCID: PMC9204358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.875866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a valuable model for normal vertebrate skeletogenesis and the study of myriad bone disorders. Bones grow, ossify and change shape throughout the zebrafish lifetime, and 3D technologies allow us to examine skeletogenic processes in detail through late developmental stages. To facilitate analysis of shape, orientation and tissue density of skeletal elements throughout ontogeny and adulthood, we generated a high-resolution skeletal reference dataset of wild-type zebrafish development. Using microCT technology, we produced 3D models of the skeletons of individuals ranging from 12 to 25 mm standard length (SL). We analyzed the dynamics of skeletal density and volume as they increase during juvenile and adult growth. Our resource allows anatomical comparisons between meristic units within an individual-e.g., we show that the vertebral canal width increases posteriorly along the spine. Further, structures may be compared between individuals at different body sizes: we highlight the shape changes that the lower jaw undergoes as fish mature from juvenile to adult. We show that even reproductively mature adult zebrafish (17-25 mm SL) continue to undergo substantial changes in skeletal morphology and composition with continued adult growth. We provide a segmented model of the adult skull and a series of interactive 3D PDFs at a range of key stages. These resources allow changes in the skeleton to be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively through late stages of development, and can serve as anatomical references for both research and education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy V Nguyen
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Dominic Lanni
- Biology Department, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, United States
| | - Yongqi Xu
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - James S Michaelson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah K McMenamin
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Probiotics Enhance Bone Growth and Rescue BMP Inhibition: New Transgenic Zebrafish Lines to Study Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094748. [PMID: 35563140 PMCID: PMC9102566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish larvae, especially gene-specific mutants and transgenic lines, are increasingly used to study vertebrate skeletal development and human pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis and osteoarthritis. Probiotics have been recognized in recent years as a prophylactic treatment for various bone health issues in humans. Here, we present two new zebrafish transgenic lines containing the coding sequences for fluorescent proteins inserted into the endogenous genes for sp7 and col10a1a with larvae displaying fluorescence in developing osteoblasts and the bone extracellular matrix (mineralized or non-mineralized), respectively. Furthermore, we use these transgenic lines to show that exposure to two different probiotics, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis, leads to an increase in osteoblast formation and bone matrix growth and mineralization. Gene expression analysis revealed the effect of the probiotics, particularly Bacillus subtilis, in modulating several skeletal development genes, such as runx2, sp7, spp1 and col10a1a, further supporting their ability to improve bone health. Bacillus subtilis was the more potent probiotic able to significantly reverse the inhibition of bone matrix formation when larvae were exposed to a BMP inhibitor (LDN212854).
Collapse
|
5
|
Geurtzen K, López-Delgado AC, Duseja A, Kurzyukova A, Knopf F. Laser-mediated osteoblast ablation triggers a pro-osteogenic inflammatory response regulated by reactive oxygen species and glucocorticoid signaling in zebrafish. Development 2022; 149:275194. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.199803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In zebrafish, transgenic labeling approaches, robust regenerative responses and excellent in vivo imaging conditions enable precise characterization of immune cell behavior in response to injury. Here, we monitored osteoblast-immune cell interactions in bone, a tissue which is particularly difficult to in vivo image in tetrapod species. Ablation of individual osteoblasts leads to recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages in varying numbers, depending on the extent of the initial insult, and initiates generation of cathepsin K+ osteoclasts from macrophages. Osteoblast ablation triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which are needed for successful macrophage recruitment. Excess glucocorticoid signaling as it occurs during the stress response inhibits macrophage recruitment, maximum speed and changes the macrophage phenotype. Although osteoblast loss is compensated for within a day by contribution of committed osteoblasts, macrophages continue to populate the region. Their presence is required for osteoblasts to fill the lesion site. Our model enables visualization of bone repair after microlesions at single-cell resolution and demonstrates a pro-osteogenic function of tissue-resident macrophages in non-mammalian vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Cristina López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ankita Duseja
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Metabolic Bone Centre, Sorby Wing, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Takemoto G, Matsushita M, Okamoto T, Ito T, Matsuura Y, Takashima C, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Ebi H, Imagama S, Kitoh H, Ohno K, Hosono Y. Meclozine Attenuates the MARK Pathway in Mammalian Chondrocytes and Ameliorates FGF2-Induced Bone Hyperossification in Larval Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:694018. [PMID: 35118060 PMCID: PMC8804316 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.694018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meclozine has been developed as an inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) to treat achondroplasia (ACH). Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was attenuated by meclozine in FGF2-treated chondrocyte cell line, but the site of its action has not been elucidated. Although orally administered meclozine promoted longitudinal bone growth in a mouse model of ACH, its effect on craniofacial bone development during the early stage remains unknown. Herein, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed using murine chondrocytes from FGF2-treated cultured tibiae, which was significantly elongated by meclozine treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that FGF2 significantly increased the enrichment score of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family signaling cascades in chondrocytes; however, meclozine reduced this enrichment. Next, we administered meclozine to FGF2-treated larval zebrafish from 8 h post-fertilization (hpf). We observed that FGF2 significantly increased the number of ossified vertebrae in larval zebrafish at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf), while meclozine delayed vertebral ossification in FGF2-induced zebrafish. Meclozine also reversed the FGF2-induced upregulation of ossified craniofacial bone area, including ceratohyal, hyomandibular, and quadrate. The current study provided additional evidence regarding the inhibitory effect of meclozine on the FGF2-induced upregulation of MAPK signaling in chondrocytes and FGF2-induced development of craniofacial and vertebral bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genta Takemoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaki Matsushita, ; Yasuyuki Hosono,
| | - Takaaki Okamoto
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinari Ito
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuura
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chieko Takashima
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hosono
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaki Matsushita, ; Yasuyuki Hosono,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Le Pabic P, Dranow DB, Hoyle DJ, Schilling TF. Zebrafish endochondral growth zones as they relate to human bone size, shape and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1060187. [PMID: 36561564 PMCID: PMC9763315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1060187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the genetic mechanisms underlying human skeletal development and disease have largely relied on studies in mice. However, recently the zebrafish has emerged as a popular model for skeletal research. Despite anatomical differences such as a lack of long bones in their limbs and no hematopoietic bone marrow, both the cell types in cartilage and bone as well as the genetic pathways that regulate their development are remarkably conserved between teleost fish and humans. Here we review recent studies that highlight this conservation, focusing specifically on the cartilaginous growth zones (GZs) of endochondral bones. GZs can be unidirectional such as the growth plates (GPs) of long bones in tetrapod limbs or bidirectional, such as in the synchondroses of the mammalian skull base. In addition to endochondral growth, GZs play key roles in cartilage maturation and replacement by bone. Recent studies in zebrafish suggest key roles for cartilage polarity in GZ function, surprisingly early establishment of signaling systems that regulate cartilage during embryonic development, and important roles for cartilage proliferation rather than hypertrophy in bone size. Despite anatomical differences, there are now many zebrafish models for human skeletal disorders including mutations in genes that cause defects in cartilage associated with endochondral GZs. These point to conserved developmental mechanisms, some of which operate both in cranial GZs and limb GPs, as well as others that act earlier or in parallel to known GP regulators. Experimental advantages of zebrafish for genetic screens, high resolution live imaging and drug screens, set the stage for many novel insights into causes and potential therapies for human endochondral bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Willmington, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Pierre Le Pabic, ; Thomas F. Schilling,
| | - Daniel B. Dranow
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Diego J. Hoyle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pierre Le Pabic, ; Thomas F. Schilling,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Foessl I, Bassett JHD, Bjørnerem Å, Busse B, Calado Â, Chavassieux P, Christou M, Douni E, Fiedler IAK, Fonseca JE, Hassler E, Högler W, Kague E, Karasik D, Khashayar P, Langdahl BL, Leitch VD, Lopes P, Markozannes G, McGuigan FEA, Medina-Gomez C, Ntzani E, Oei L, Ohlsson C, Szulc P, Tobias JH, Trajanoska K, Tuzun Ş, Valjevac A, van Rietbergen B, Williams GR, Zekic T, Rivadeneira F, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Bone Phenotyping Approaches in Human, Mice and Zebrafish - Expert Overview of the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork"). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:720728. [PMID: 34925226 PMCID: PMC8672201 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.720728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network") Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research. This expert paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art technologies to investigate bone properties in humans and animals - including their strengths and weaknesses. New research methodologies are outlined and future strategies are discussed to combine phenotypic with rapidly developing -omics data in order to advance musculoskeletal research and move towards "personalised medicine".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J. H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Åshild Bjørnerem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Research Centre for Women’s Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ângelo Calado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Christou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Douni
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Hassler
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Erika Kague
- The School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bente L. Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victoria D. Leitch
- Innovative Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Philippe Lopes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Center for Research Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ling Oei
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pawel Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan H. Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Şansın Tuzun
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amina Valjevac
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana Zekic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Formosa MM, Bergen DJM, Gregson CL, Maurizi A, Kämpe A, Garcia-Giralt N, Zhou W, Grinberg D, Ovejero Crespo D, Zillikens MC, Williams GR, Bassett JHD, Brandi ML, Sangiorgi L, Balcells S, Högler W, Van Hul W, Mäkitie O. A Roadmap to Gene Discoveries and Novel Therapies in Monogenic Low and High Bone Mass Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:709711. [PMID: 34539568 PMCID: PMC8444146 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.709711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders of the skeleton encompass a diverse group of bone diseases differing in clinical characteristics, severity, incidence and molecular etiology. Of particular interest are the monogenic rare bone mass disorders, with the underlying genetic defect contributing to either low or high bone mass phenotype. Extensive, deep phenotyping coupled with high-throughput, cost-effective genotyping is crucial in the characterization and diagnosis of affected individuals. Massive parallel sequencing efforts have been instrumental in the discovery of novel causal genes that merit functional validation using in vitro and ex vivo cell-based techniques, and in vivo models, mainly mice and zebrafish. These translational models also serve as an excellent platform for therapeutic discovery, bridging the gap between basic science research and the clinic. Altogether, genetic studies of monogenic rare bone mass disorders have broadened our knowledge on molecular signaling pathways coordinating bone development and metabolism, disease inheritance patterns, development of new and improved bone biomarkers, and identification of novel drug targets. In this comprehensive review we describe approaches to further enhance the innovative processes taking discoveries from clinic to bench, and then back to clinic in rare bone mass disorders. We highlight the importance of cross laboratory collaboration to perform functional validation in multiple model systems after identification of a novel disease gene. We describe the monogenic forms of rare low and high rare bone mass disorders known to date, provide a roadmap to unravel the genetic determinants of monogenic rare bone mass disorders using proper phenotyping and genotyping methods, and describe different genetic validation approaches paving the way for future treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Dylan J. M. Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- The Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnological, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Garcia-Giralt
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Ovejero Crespo
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (M.L.B.), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bek JW, De Clercq A, De Saffel H, Soenens M, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Coucke PJ, Willaert A. Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins: a versatile tool in zebrafish skeletal imaging. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1007-1017. [PMID: 32242924 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequently applied techniques in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research is the visualisation or manipulation of specific cell populations using transgenic reporter lines. The generation of these transgenic zebrafish, displaying cell- or tissue-specific expression of frequently used fluorophores such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or mCherry, is relatively easy using modern techniques. Fluorophores with different emission wavelengths and driven by different promoters can be monitored simultaneously in the same animal. Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (pcFPs) are different from these standard fluorophores because their emission spectrum is changed when exposed to UV light, a process called photoconversion. Here, the benefits and versatility of using pcFPs for both single and dual fluorochrome imaging in zebrafish skeletal research in a previously generated osx:Kaede transgenic line are illustrated. In this line, Kaede, which is expressed under control of the osterix, otherwise known as sp7, promoter thereby labelling immature osteoblasts, can switch from green to red fluorescence upon irradiation with UV light. First, this study demonstrates that osx:Kaede exhibits an expression pattern similar to a previously described osx:nuGFP transgenic line in both larval and adult stages, hereby validating the use of this line for the imaging of immature osteoblasts. More in-depth experiments highlight different applications for osx:Kaede, such as lineage tracing and its combined use with in vivo skeletal staining and other transgenic backgrounds. Mineral staining in combination with osx:Kaede confirms osteoblast-independent mineralisation of the notochord. Osteoblast lineage tracing reveals migration and dedifferentiation of scleroblasts during fin regeneration. Finally, this study shows that combining two transgenics, osx:Kaede and osc:GFP, with similar emission wavelengths is possible when using a pcFP such as Kaede.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Bek
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna De Saffel
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Soenens
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raterman ST, Metz JR, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Zebrafish Models of Craniofacial Malformations: Interactions of Environmental Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600926. [PMID: 33304906 PMCID: PMC7701217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is an appealing model organism for investigating the genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors, as well as their interactions (GxE), which contribute to craniofacial malformations. Here, we review zebrafish studies on environmental factors involved in the etiology of craniofacial malformations in humans including maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition and drug use. As an example, we focus on the (cleft) palate, for which the zebrafish ethmoid plate is a good model. This review highlights the importance of investigating ExE interactions and discusses the variable effects of exposure to environmental factors on craniofacial development depending on dosage, exposure time and developmental stage. Zebrafish also promise to be a good tool to study novel craniofacial teratogens and toxin mixtures. Lastly, we discuss the handful of studies on gene–alcohol interactions using mutant sensitivity screens and reverse genetic techniques. We expect that studies addressing complex interactions (ExE and GxE) in craniofacial malformations will increase in the coming years. These are likely to uncover currently unknown mechanisms with implications for the prevention of craniofacial malformations. The zebrafish appears to be an excellent complementary model with high translational value to study these complex interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Raterman
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J R Metz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun X, Zhang R, Chen H, Du X, Chen S, Huang J, Liu M, Xu M, Luo F, Jin M, Su N, Qi H, Yang J, Tan Q, Zhang D, Ni Z, Liang S, Zhang B, Chen D, Zhang X, Luo L, Chen L, Xie Y. Fgfr3 mutation disrupts chondrogenesis and bone ossification in zebrafish model mimicking CATSHL syndrome partially via enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Theranostics 2020; 10:7111-7130. [PMID: 32641982 PMCID: PMC7330844 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CATSHL syndrome, characterized by camptodactyly, tall stature and hearing loss, is caused by loss-of-function mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptors 3 (FGFR3) gene. Most manifestations of patients with CATSHL syndrome start to develop in the embryonic stage, such as skeletal overgrowth, craniofacial abnormalities, however, the pathogenesis of these phenotypes especially the early maldevelopment remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, there are no effective therapeutic targets for this skeleton dysplasia. Methods: We generated fgfr3 knockout zebrafish by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to study the developmental mechanisms and therapeutic targets of CATSHL syndrome. Several zebrafish transgenic lines labeling osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and live Alizarin red staining were used to analyze the dynamical skeleton development in fgfr3 mutants. Western blotting, whole mount in situ hybridization, Edu labeling based cell proliferation assay and Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist were used to explore the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Results: We found that fgfr3 mutant zebrafish, staring from early development stage, showed craniofacial bone malformation with microcephaly and delayed closure of cranial sutures, chondroma-like lesion and abnormal development of auditory sensory organs, partially resembling the clinical manifestations of patients with CATSHL syndrome. Further studies showed that fgfr3 regulates the patterning and shaping of pharyngeal arches and the timely ossification of craniofacial skeleton. The abnormal development of pharyngeal arch cartilage is related to the augmented hypertrophy and disordered arrangement of chondrocytes, while decreased proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts may be involved in the delayed maturation of skull bones. Furthermore, we revealed that deficiency of fgfr3 leads to enhanced IHH signaling and up-regulated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin could partially alleviate the phenotypes of fgfr3 mutants. Conclusions: Our study further reveals some novel phenotypes and underlying developmental mechanism of CATSHL syndrome, which deepens our understanding of the pathogenesis of CATSHL and the role of fgfr3 in skeleton development. Our findings provide evidence that modulation of Wnt/β-catenin activity could be a potential therapy for CATSHL syndrome and related skeleton diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zoupa M, Zwart EP, Gremmer ER, Nugraha A, Compeer S, Slob W, van der Ven LTM. Dose addition in chemical mixtures inducing craniofacial malformations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111117. [PMID: 31927004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in cumulative risk assessment is to model hazard of mixtures. EFSA proposed to only combine chemicals linked to a defined endpoint, in so-called cumulative assessment groups, and use the dose-addition model as a default to predict combined effects. We investigated the effect of binary mixtures of compounds known to cause craniofacial malformations, by assessing the effect in the head skeleton (M-PQ angle) in 120hpf zebrafish embryos. We combined chemicals with similar mode of action (MOA), i.e. the triazoles cyproconazole, triadimefon and flusilazole; next, reference compounds cyproconazole or triadimefon were combined with dissimilar acting compounds, TCDD, thiram, VPA, prochloraz, fenpropimorph, PFOS, or endosulfan. These mixtures were designed as (near) equipotent combinations of the contributing compounds, in a range of cumulative concentrations. Dose-addition was assessed by evaluation of the overlap of responses of each of the 14 tested binary mixtures with those of the single compounds. All 10 test compounds induced an increase of the M-PQ angle, with varying potency and specificity. Mixture responses as predicted by dose-addition did not deviate from the observed responses, supporting dose-addition as a valid assumption for mixture risk assessment. Importantly, dose-addition was found irrespective of MOA of contributing chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zoupa
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Attika, 44561, Greece
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- Department of Innovative Testing Strategies, Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eric R Gremmer
- Department of Innovative Testing Strategies, Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ananditya Nugraha
- Department of Innovative Testing Strategies, Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon Compeer
- Department of Innovative Testing Strategies, Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wout Slob
- Department of Food Safety, Center for Food, Prevention and Care, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Leo T M van der Ven
- Department of Innovative Testing Strategies, Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zebrafish Models of Human Skeletal Disorders: Embryo and Adult Swimming Together. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1253710. [PMID: 31828085 PMCID: PMC6886339 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1253710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Danio rerio (zebrafish) is an elective model organism for the study of vertebrate development because of its high degree of homology with human genes and organs, including bone. Zebrafish embryos, because of the optical clarity, small size, and fast development, can be easily used in large-scale mutagenesis experiments to isolate mutants with developmental skeletal defects and in high-throughput screenings to find new chemical compounds for the ability to revert the pathological phenotype. On the other hand, the adult zebrafish represents another powerful resource for pathogenic and therapeutic studies about adult human bone diseases. In fish, some characteristics such as bone turnover, reparation, and remodeling of the adult bone tissue cannot be found at the embryonic stage. Several pathological models have been established in adult zebrafish such as bone injury models, osteoporosis, and genetic diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta. Given the growing interest for metabolic diseases and their complications, adult zebrafish models of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been recently generated and analyzed for bone complications using scales as model system. Interestingly, an osteoporosis-like phenotype has been found to be associated with metabolic alterations suggesting that bone complications share the same mechanisms in humans and fish. Embryo and adult represent powerful resources in rapid development to study bone physiology and pathology from different points of view.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun X, Zhang R, Liu M, Chen H, Chen L, Luo F, Zhang D, Huang J, Li F, Ni Z, Qi H, Su N, Jin M, Yang J, Tan Q, Du X, Chen B, Huang H, Chen S, Yin L, Xu X, Deng C, Luo L, Xie Y, Chen L. Rmrp Mutation Disrupts Chondrogenesis and Bone Ossification in Zebrafish Model of Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia via Enhanced Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2101-2116. [PMID: 31237961 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is an autosomal recessive metaphyseal chondrodysplasia characterized by bone dysplasia and many other highly variable features. The gene responsible for CHH is the RNA component of the mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) gene. Currently, the pathogenesis of osteochondrodysplasia and extraskeletal manifestations in CHH patients remains incompletely understood; in addition, there are no viable animal models for CHH. We generated an rmrp KO zebrafish model to study the developmental mechanisms of CHH. We found that rmrp is required for the patterning and shaping of pharyngeal arches. Rmrp mutation inhibits the intramembranous ossification of skull bones and promotes vertebrae ossification. The abnormalities of endochondral bone ossification are variable, depending on the degree of dysregulated chondrogenesis. Moreover, rmrp mutation inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through dysregulating the expressions of cell-cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. We also demonstrate that rmrp mutation upregulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling; the pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin could partially alleviate the chondrodysplasia and increased vertebrae mineralization in rmrp mutants. Our study, by establishing a novel zebrafish model for CHH, partially reveals the underlying mechanism of CHH, hence deepening our understanding of the role of rmrp in skeleton development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianding Sun
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bellesso S, Salvalaio M, Lualdi S, Tognon E, Costa R, Braghetta P, Giraudo C, Stramare R, Rigon L, Filocamo M, Tomanin R, Moro E. FGF signaling deregulation is associated with early developmental skeletal defects in animal models for mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII). Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2262-2275. [PMID: 29648648 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal abnormalities represent a major clinical burden in patients affected by the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII, OMIM #309900). While extensive research has emphasized the detrimental role of stored glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the bone marrow (BM), a limited understanding of primary cellular mechanisms underlying bone defects in MPSII has hampered the development of bone-targeted therapeutic strategies beyond enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). We here investigated the involvement of key signaling pathways related to the loss of iduronate-2-sulfatase activity in two different MPSII animal models, D. rerio and M. musculus. We found that FGF pathway activity is impaired during early stages of bone development in IDS knockout mice and in a newly generated Ids mutant fish. In both models the FGF signaling deregulation anticipated a slow but progressive defect in bone differentiation, regardless of any extensive GAGs storage. We also show that MPSII patient fibroblasts harboring different mutations spanning the IDS gene exhibit perturbed FGF signaling-related markers expression. Our work opens a new venue to discover possible druggable novel key targets in MPSII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bellesso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marika Salvalaio
- Pediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza", I-35127 Padova, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Susanna Lualdi
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Elisa Tognon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine, Radiology Unit, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Stramare
- Department of Medicine, Radiology Unit, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Rigon
- Pediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza", I-35127 Padova, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Rosella Tomanin
- Pediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza", I-35127 Padova, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bergen DJM, Kague E, Hammond CL. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Osteoporosis: A Primary Testing Platform for Screening New Osteo-Active Compounds. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:6. [PMID: 30761080 PMCID: PMC6361756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is metabolic bone disease caused by an altered balance between bone anabolism and catabolism. This dysregulated balance is responsible for fragile bones that fracture easily after minor falls. With an aging population, the incidence is rising and as yet pharmaceutical options to restore this imbalance is limited, especially stimulating osteoblast bone-building activity. Excitingly, output from large genetic studies on people with high bone mass (HBM) cases and genome wide association studies (GWAS) on the population, yielded new insights into pathways containing osteo-anabolic players that have potential for drug target development. However, a bottleneck in development of new treatments targeting these putative osteo-anabolic genes is the lack of animal models for rapid and affordable testing to generate functional data and that simultaneously can be used as a compound testing platform. Zebrafish, a small teleost fish, are increasingly used in functional genomics and drug screening assays which resulted in new treatments in the clinic for other diseases. In this review we outline the zebrafish as a powerful model for osteoporosis research to validate potential therapeutic candidates, describe the tools and assays that can be used to study bone homeostasis, and affordable (semi-)high-throughput compound testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. M. Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy L. Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lawrence EA, Kague E, Aggleton JA, Harniman RL, Roddy KA, Hammond CL. The mechanical impact of col11a2 loss on joints; col11a2 mutant zebrafish show changes to joint development and function, which leads to early-onset osteoarthritis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0335. [PMID: 30249781 PMCID: PMC6158203 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major structural component of cartilage, and mutations in the genes encoding type XI collagen are associated with severe skeletal dysplasias (fibrochondrogenesis and Stickler syndrome) and early-onset osteoarthritis (OA). The impact of the lack of type XI collagen on cell behaviour and mechanical performance during skeleton development is unknown. We studied a zebrafish mutant for col11a2 and evaluated cartilage, bone development and mechanical properties to address this. We show that in col11a2 mutants, type II collagen is made but is prematurely degraded in maturing cartilage and ectopically expressed in the joint. These changes are correlated with increased stiffness of both bone and cartilage; quantified using atomic force microscopy. In the mutants, the skeletal rudiment terminal region in the jaw joint is broader and the interzone smaller. These differences in shape and material properties impact on joint function and mechanical performance, which we modelled using finite element analyses. Finally, we show that col11a2 heterozygous carriers reach adulthood but show signs of severe early-onset OA. Taken together, our data demonstrate a key role for type XI collagen in maintaining the properties of cartilage matrix; which when lost leads to alterations to cell behaviour that give rise to joint pathologies.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Mechanics of development'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lawrence
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jessye A Aggleton
- School of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | | | - Karen A Roddy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Machado RG, Eames BF. Using Zebrafish to Test the Genetic Basis of Human Craniofacial Diseases. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1192-1199. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517722776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) opened an innovative and productive avenue to investigate the molecular basis of human craniofacial disease. However, GWASs identify candidate genes only; they do not prove that any particular one is the functional villain underlying disease or just an unlucky genomic bystander. Genetic manipulation of animal models is the best approach to reveal which genetic loci identified from human GWASs are functionally related to specific diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of zebrafish to resolve which candidate genetic loci are mechanistic drivers of craniofacial diseases. Many anatomic, embryonic, and genetic features of craniofacial development are conserved among zebrafish and mammals, making zebrafish a good model of craniofacial diseases. Also, the ability to manipulate gene function in zebrafish was greatly expanded over the past 20 y, enabling systems such as Gateway Tol2 and CRISPR-Cas9 to test gain- and loss-of-function alleles identified from human GWASs in coding and noncoding regions of DNA. With the optimization of genetic editing methods, large numbers of candidate genes can be efficiently interrogated. Finding the functional villains that underlie diseases will permit new treatments and prevention strategies and will increase understanding of how gene pathways operate during normal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Grecco Machado
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tarasco M, Laizé V, Cardeira J, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ. The zebrafish operculum: A powerful system to assess osteogenic bioactivities of molecules with pharmacological and toxicological relevance. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 197:45-52. [PMID: 28457946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bone disorders affect millions of people worldwide and available therapeutics have a limited efficacy, often presenting undesirable side effects. As such, there is a need for novel molecules with bone anabolic properties. The aim of this work was to establish a rapid, reliable and reproducible method to screen for molecules with osteogenic activities, using the zebrafish operculum to assess bone formation. Exposure parameters were optimized through morphological analysis of the developing operculum of larvae exposed to calcitriol, a molecule with known pro-osteogenic properties. An exposure of 3days initiated at 3days post-fertilization was sufficient to stimulate operculum formation, while not affecting survival or development of the larvae. Dose-dependent pro- and anti-osteogenic effects of calcitriol and cobalt chloride, respectively, demonstrated the sensitivity of the method and the suitability of the operculum system. A double transgenic reporter line expressing fluorescent markers for early and mature osteoblasts was used to gain insights into the effects of calcitriol and cobalt at the cellular level, with osteoblast maturation shown to be stimulated and inhibited, respectively, in the operculum of exposed fish. The zebrafish operculum represents a consistent, robust and rapid screening system for the discovery of novel molecules with osteogenic, anti-osteoporotic or osteotoxic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Cardeira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; ProRegeM PhD Programme, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Watson ATD, Planchart A, Mattingly CJ, Winkler C, Reif DM, Kullman SW. From the Cover: Embryonic Exposure to TCDD Impacts Osteogenesis of the Axial Skeleton in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:485-496. [PMID: 28077779 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from mammalian, fish, and in vitro models have identified bone and cartilage development as sensitive targets for dioxins and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. In this study, we assess how embryonic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure impacts axial osteogenesis in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a vertebrate model of human bone development. Embryos from inbred wild-type Orange-red Hd-dR and 3 transgenic medaka lines (twist:EGFP, osx/sp7:mCherry, col10a1:nlGFP) were exposed to 0.15 nM and 0.3 nM TCDD and reared until 20 dpf. Individuals were stained for mineralized bone and imaged using confocal microscopy to assess skeletal alterations in medial vertebrae in combination with a qualitative spatial analysis of osteoblast and osteoblast progenitor cell populations. Exposure to TCDD resulted in an overall attenuation of vertebral ossification characterized by truncated centra, and reduced neural and hemal arch lengths. Effects on mineralization were consistent with modifications in cell number and cell localization of transgene-labeled osteoblast and osteoblast progenitor cells. Endogenous expression of osteogenic regulators runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) and osterix (osx/sp7), and extracellular matrix genes osteopontin (spp1), collagen type I alpha I (col1), collagen type X alpha I (col10a1), and osteocalcin (bglap/osc) was significantly diminished at 20 dpf following TCDD exposure as compared with controls. Through global transcriptomic analysis more than 590 differentially expressed genes were identified and mapped to select pathological states including inflammatory disease, connective tissue disorders, and skeletal and muscular disorders. Taken together, results from this study suggest that TCDD exposure inhibits axial bone formation through dysregulation of osteoblast differentiation. This approach highlights the advantages and sensitivity of using small fish models to investigate how xenobiotic exposure may impact skeletal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Planchart
- Department of Biological Sciences.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - David M Reif
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences; .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Igor VFDS, Jonatas LD, Caio PF, Hady K, Jesus RRA, Josué AVM, Andrés N, José CTC. Use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in experimental models for biological assay with natural products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2016.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
24
|
Gistelinck C, Witten PE, Huysseune A, Symoens S, Malfait F, Larionova D, Simoens P, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, De Paepe A, Kwon RY, Weis M, Eyre DR, Willaert A, Coucke PJ. Loss of Type I Collagen Telopeptide Lysyl Hydroxylation Causes Musculoskeletal Abnormalities in a Zebrafish Model of Bruck Syndrome. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1930-1942. [PMID: 27541483 PMCID: PMC5364950 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bruck syndrome (BS) is a disorder characterized by joint flexion contractures and skeletal dysplasia that shows strong clinical overlap with the brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). BS is caused by biallelic mutations in either the FKBP10 or the PLOD2 gene. PLOD2 encodes the lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) enzyme, which is responsible for the hydroxylation of lysine residues in fibrillar collagen telopeptides. This hydroxylation directs crosslinking of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix, which is necessary to provide stability and tensile integrity to the collagen fibrils. To further elucidate the function of LH2 in vertebrate skeletal development, we created a zebrafish model harboring a homozygous plod2 nonsense mutation resulting in reduced telopeptide hydroxylation and crosslinking of bone type I collagen. Adult plod2 mutants present with a shortened body axis and severe skeletal abnormalities with evidence of bone fragility and fractures. The vertebral column of plod2 mutants is short and scoliotic with compressed vertebrae that show excessive bone formation at the vertebral end plates, and increased tissue mineral density in the vertebral centra. The muscle fibers of mutant zebrafish have a reduced diameter near the horizontal myoseptum. The endomysium, a layer of connective tissue ensheathing the individual muscle fibers, is enlarged. Transmission electron microscopy of mutant vertebral bone shows type I collagen fibrils that are less organized with loss of the typical plywood-like structure. In conclusion, plod2 mutant zebrafish show molecular and tissue abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system that are concordant with clinical findings in BS patients. Therefore, the plod2 zebrafish mutant is a promising model for the elucidation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms leading to BS and the development of novel therapeutic avenues in this syndrome. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Huysseune
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pascal Simoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronald Y Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Differential effects of altered patterns of movement and strain on joint cell behaviour and skeletal morphogenesis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1940-1950. [PMID: 27374878 PMCID: PMC5081689 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence that joint shape is a potent predictor of osteoarthritis (OA) risk; yet the cellular events underpinning joint morphogenesis remain unclear. We sought to develop a genetically tractable animal model to study the events controlling joint morphogenesis. DESIGN Zebrafish larvae were subjected to periods of flaccid paralysis, rigid paralysis or hyperactivity. Immunohistochemistry and transgenic reporters were used to monitor changes to muscle and cartilage. Finite Element Models were generated to investigate the mechanical conditions of rigid paralysis. Principal component analysis was used to test variations in skeletal morphology and metrics for shape, orientation and size were applied to describe cell behaviour. RESULTS We show that flaccid and rigid paralysis and hypermobility affect cartilage element and joint shape. We describe differences between flaccid and rigid paralysis in regions showing high principal strain upon muscle contraction. We identify that altered shape and high strain occur in regions of cell differentiation and we show statistically significant changes to cell maturity occur in these regions in paralysed and hypermobile zebrafish. CONCLUSION While flaccid and rigid paralysis and hypermobility affect skeletal morphogenesis they do so in subtly different ways. We show that some cartilage regions are unaffected in conditions such as rigid paralysis where static force is applied, whereas joint morphogenesis is perturbed by both flaccid and rigid paralysis; suggesting that joints require dynamic movement for accurate morphogenesis. A better understanding of how biomechanics impacts skeletal cell behaviour will improve our understanding of how foetal mechanics shape the developing joint.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gistelinck C, Gioia R, Gagliardi A, Tonelli F, Marchese L, Bianchi L, Landi C, Bini L, Huysseune A, Witten PE, Staes A, Gevaert K, De Rocker N, Menten B, Malfait F, Leikin S, Carra S, Tenni R, Rossi A, De Paepe A, Coucke P, Willaert A, Forlino A. Zebrafish Collagen Type I: Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of the Major Structural Protein in Bone and Skin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21540. [PMID: 26876635 PMCID: PMC4753508 DOI: 10.1038/srep21540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years the zebrafish imposed itself as a powerful model to study skeletal diseases, but a limit to its use is the poor characterization of collagen type I, the most abundant protein in bone and skin. In tetrapods collagen type I is a trimer mainly composed of two α1 chains and one α2 chain, encoded by COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, respectively. In contrast, in zebrafish three type I collagen genes exist, col1a1a, col1a1b and col1a2 coding for α1(I), α3(I) and α2(I) chains. During embryonic and larval development the three collagen type I genes showed a similar spatio-temporal expression pattern, indicating their co-regulation and interdependence at these stages. In both embryonic and adult tissues, the presence of the three α(I) chains was demonstrated, although in embryos α1(I) was present in two distinct glycosylated states, suggesting a developmental-specific collagen composition. Even though in adult bone, skin and scales equal amounts of α1(I), α3(I) and α2(I) chains are present, the presented data suggest a tissue-specific stoichiometry and/or post-translational modification status for collagen type I. In conclusion, this data will be useful to properly interpret results and insights gained from zebrafish models of skeletal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gistelinck
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Gioia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Gagliardi
- Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Marchese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - C Landi
- Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Bini
- Functional Proteomics Lab., Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A Huysseune
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P E Witten
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Staes
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Rocker
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Leikin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Carra
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - R Tenni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bensimon-Brito A, Cardeira J, Dionísio G, Huysseune A, Cancela ML, Witten PE. Revisiting in vivo staining with alizarin red S--a valuable approach to analyse zebrafish skeletal mineralization during development and regeneration. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26787303 PMCID: PMC4719692 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correct evaluation of mineralization is fundamental for the study of skeletal development, maintenance, and regeneration. Current methods to visualize mineralized tissue in zebrafish rely on: 1) fixed specimens; 2) radiographic and μCT techniques, that are ultimately limited in resolution; or 3) vital stains with fluorochromes that are indistinguishable from the signal of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled cells. Alizarin compounds, either in the form of alizarin red S (ARS) or alizarin complexone (ALC), have long been used to stain the mineralized skeleton in fixed specimens from all vertebrate groups. Recent works have used ARS vital staining in zebrafish and medaka, yet not based on consistent protocols. There is a fundamental concern on whether ARS vital staining, achieved by adding ARS to the water, can affect bone formation in juvenile and adult zebrafish, as ARS has been shown to inhibit skeletal growth and mineralization in mammals. RESULTS Here we present a protocol for vital staining of mineralized structures in zebrafish with a low ARS concentration that does not affect bone mineralization, even after repetitive ARS staining events, as confirmed by careful imaging under fluorescent light. Early and late stages of bone development are equally unaffected by this vital staining protocol. From all tested concentrations, 0.01% ARS yielded correct detection of bone calcium deposits without inducing additional stress to fish. CONCLUSIONS The proposed ARS vital staining protocol can be combined with GFP fluorescence associated with skeletal tissues and thus represents a powerful tool for in vivo monitoring of mineralized structures. We provide examples from wild type and transgenic GFP-expressing zebrafish, for endoskeletal development and dermal fin ray regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bensimon-Brito
- Centre of Marine Sciences - CCMar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Current address: CEDOC - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - J Cardeira
- Centre of Marine Sciences - CCMar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
- ProRegeM PhD Programme, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | - G Dionísio
- Centre of Marine Sciences - CCMar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
- Guia Marine Laboratory, Oceanography Centre, Faculty of Sciences of University of Lisbon, Cascais, Portugal.
| | - A Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M L Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences - CCMar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | - P E Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Caro M, Iturria I, Martinez-Santos M, Pardo MA, Rainieri S, Tueros I, Navarro V. Zebrafish dives into food research: effectiveness assessment of bioactive compounds. Food Funct 2016; 7:2615-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00046k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish ease of use and characteristics reveal it to be an interesting and underused model in food and nutrition research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Caro
- AZTI, Food Research, Astondo Bidea 609
- 48160 Derio
- Spain
| | - I. Iturria
- AZTI, Food Research, Astondo Bidea 609
- 48160 Derio
- Spain
| | | | - M. A. Pardo
- AZTI, Food Research, Astondo Bidea 609
- 48160 Derio
- Spain
| | - S. Rainieri
- AZTI, Food Research, Astondo Bidea 609
- 48160 Derio
- Spain
| | - I. Tueros
- AZTI, Food Research, Astondo Bidea 609
- 48160 Derio
- Spain
| | - V. Navarro
- AZTI, Food Research, Astondo Bidea 609
- 48160 Derio
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Bone defects do not heal in 5-10% of the fractures. In order to enhance bone regeneration, drug delivery systems are needed. They comprise a scaffold with or without inducing factors and/or cells. To test these drug delivery systems before application in patients, they finally need to be tested in animal models. The choice of animal model depends on the main research question; is a functional or mechanistic evaluation needed? Furthermore, which type of bone defects are investigated: load-bearing (i.e. orthopedic) or non-load-bearing (i.e. craniomaxillofacial)? This determines the type of model and in which type of animal. The experiments need to be set-up using the 3R principle and must be reported following the ARRIVE guidelines.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mariotti M, Carnovali M, Banfi G. Danio rerio: the Janus of the bone from embryo to scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:188-94. [PMID: 26604948 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Danio rerio (zebrafish), like the Roman god Janus, is an old animal model which is recently emerged and looks to the future with an increasing scientific success. Unlike other traditional animal models, zebrafish represents a versatile way to approach the study of the skeleton. Transparency of the larval stage, genetic manipulability and unique anatomical structures (scales) makes zebrafish a powerful and versatile instrument to investigate the bone tissue in terms of structure and function. Like Janus, zebrafish offers two different faces, or better, two models in one animal: larval and adult stage. The embryo can be used to isolate new genes involved in osteogenesis by large-scale mutagenesis screenings. The behavior of bone cells and genes in osteogenesis can be investigate by using transgenic lines, vital dyes, mutants and traditional molecular biology techniques. The adult zebrafish represents an important resource to study the pathways related to the bone metabolism and turnover. In particular, the properties of the caudal fin allow to study mechanisms of bone regeneration and reparation whereas the elasmoid scale represents an unique tool to investigate the bone metabolism under physiological or pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy ; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy ; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Osteogenic programs during zebrafish fin regeneration. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:745. [PMID: 26421148 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic, screening and imaging technologies have provided new opportunities to examine the molecular and cellular landscape underlying human physiology and disease. In the context of skeletal research, technologies for systems genetics, high-throughput screening and high-content imaging can aid an unbiased approach when searching for new biological, pathological or therapeutic pathways. However, these approaches necessitate the use of specialized model systems that rapidly produce a phenotype, are easy to manipulate, and amenable to optical study, all while representing mammalian bone physiologies at the molecular and cellular levels. The emerging use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) for modeling human disease highlights its potential to accelerate therapeutic and pathway discovery in the mammalian skeleton. In this review, we consider the potential value of zebrafish fin ray regeneration (a rapid, genetically tractable and optically transparent model of intramembranous ossification) as a translational model for such studies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Brunt LH, Norton JL, Bright JA, Rayfield EJ, Hammond CL. Finite element modelling predicts changes in joint shape and cell behaviour due to loss of muscle strain in jaw development. J Biomech 2015; 48:3112-22. [PMID: 26253758 PMCID: PMC4601018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal joint morphogenesis is linked to clinical conditions such as Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) and to osteoarthritis (OA). Muscle activity is known to be important during the developmental process of joint morphogenesis. However, less is known about how this mechanical stimulus affects the behaviour of joint cells to generate altered morphology. Using zebrafish, in which we can image all joint musculoskeletal tissues at high resolution, we show that removal of muscle activity through anaesthetisation or genetic manipulation causes a change to the shape of the joint between the Meckel's cartilage and Palatoquadrate (the jaw joint), such that the joint develops asymmetrically leading to an overlap of the cartilage elements on the medial side which inhibits normal joint function. We identify the time during which muscle activity is critical to produce a normal joint. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), to model the strains exerted by muscle on the skeletal elements, we identify that minimum principal strains are located at the medial region of the joint and interzone during mouth opening. Then, by studying the cells immediately proximal to the joint, we demonstrate that biomechanical strain regulates cell orientation within the developing joint, such that when muscle-induced strain is removed, cells on the medial side of the joint notably change their orientation. Together, these data show that biomechanical forces are required to establish symmetry in the joint during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Brunt
- Schools of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L Norton
- Schools of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jen A Bright
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1RJ Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Rayfield
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1RJ Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- Schools of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD Bristol, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shah RR, Nerurkar NL, Wang C, Galloway JL. Tensile properties of craniofacial tendons in the mature and aged zebrafish. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:867-73. [PMID: 25665155 PMCID: PMC4417054 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish Danio rerio is a powerful model for the study of development, regenerative biology, and human disease. However, the analysis of load-bearing tissues such as tendons and ligaments has been limited in this system. This is largely due to technical limitations that preclude accurate measurement of their mechanical properties. Here, we present a custom tensile testing system that applies nano-Newton scale forces to zebrafish tendons as small as 1 mm in length. Tendon properties were remarkably similar to mammalian tendons, including stress-strain nonlinearity and a linear modulus (515 ± 152 MPa) that aligned closely with mammalian data. Additionally, a simple exponential constitutive law used to describe tendon mechanics was successfully fit to zebrafish tendons; the associated material constants agreed with literature values for mammalian tendons. Finally, mature and aged zebrafish comparisons revealed a significant decline in mechanical function with age. Based on the exponential constitutive model, age-related changes were primarily caused by a reduction in nonlinearity (e.g., changes in collagen crimp or fiber recruitment). These findings demonstrate the utility of zebrafish as a model to study tendon biomechanics in health and disease. Moreover, these findings suggest that tendon mechanical behavior is highly conserved across vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishita R. Shah
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute
| | - Nandan L. Nerurkar
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, NRB 360, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02129, P (617) 432-6533, F (617) 432-7595,co-corresponding authors
| | - Calvin Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute
| | - Jenna L. Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, P (617) 643-4958, F (617) 724-2662,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is now a widely used model organism in biomedical research. The species is also increasingly used for studying skeletal development and regeneration and for understanding human skeletal diseases. The small size of this model organism is an advantage and an extreme challenge for visualizing and diagnosing the animals' skeleton. This applies especially to early stages of skeletal development. Similar challenges arise for the analysis of the skeleton of other small fish species, such as medaka (Oryzias latipes). High quality histological preparations and knowledge about the special quality of the zebrafish skeleton remain prerequisites for a correct analysis. In addition, new methods for fast and high-resolution 2D and 3D skeletal tissue screening are required for a maximal understanding of skeletal development. We, in this study, review advantages and limitations of adapting current visualization techniques for zebrafish skeletal research. We discuss the methods for in toto visualization, such as X-raying, micro-CT, Alizarin red staining and optical projection tomography. Techniques for in vivo imaging, such as second harmonic generation microscopy and two-photon excitation fluorescence, are also discussed. Finally, we explore the possibilities of light-sheet microscopy for the analysis of the zebrafish skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Bruneel
- Department of Biology, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium and
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fish: a suitable system to model human bone disorders and discover drugs with osteogenic or osteotoxic activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
36
|
Mackay EW, Apschner A, Schulte-Merker S. A bone to pick with zebrafish. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:445. [PMID: 24422140 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-throughput sequencing and genome-wide association studies allows us to deduce the genetic factors underlying diseases much more rapidly than possible through classical genetics, but a true understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these diseases still relies on integrated approaches including in vitro and in vivo model systems. One such model that is particularly suitable for studying bone diseases is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small fresh-water teleost that is highly amenable to genetic manipulation and in vivo imaging. Zebrafish physiology and genome organization are in many aspects similar to those of humans, and the skeleton and mineralizing tissues are no exception. In this review, we highlight some of the contributions that have been made through the study of mutant zebrafish that feature bone and/or mineralization disorders homologous to human diseases, including osteogenesis imperfecta, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and generalized arterial calcification of infancy. The genomic and phenotypic similarities between the zebrafish and human cases are illustrated. We show that, despite some systemic physiological differences between mammals and teleosts, and a relative lack of a history as a model for bone research, the zebrafish represents a useful complement to mouse and tissue culture systems in the investigation of genetic bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirinn W Mackay
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Apschner
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Spinal deformity in aged zebrafish is accompanied by degenerative changes to their vertebrae that resemble osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75787. [PMID: 24086633 PMCID: PMC3782452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related degenerative changes within the vertebral column are a significant cause of morbidity with considerable socio-economic impact worldwide. An improved understanding of these changes through the development of experimental models may lead to improvements in existing clinical treatment options. The zebrafish is a well-established model for the study of skeletogenesis with significant potential in gerontological research. With advancing age, zebrafish frequently develop gross deformities of their vertebral column, previously ascribed to reduced trunk muscle tone. In this study, we assess degenerative changes specifically within the bone and cartilage of the vertebral column of zebrafish at 1, 2 and 3-years of age. We show increased frequency and severity of spinal deformities/curvatures with age. Underlying the most severe phenotypes are partial or complete vertebral dislocations and focal thickening of the vertebral bone at the joint margins. MicroCT examination demonstrates small defects, fractures and morphological evidence suggestive of bone erosion and remodeling (i.e. osteophytes) within the vertebrae during aging, but no significant change in bone density. Light and electron microscopic examination reveal striking age-related changes in cell morphology, suggestive of chondroptosis, and tissue remodelling of the vertebral cartilage, particularly within the pericellular micro-environment. Glycosaminoglycan analysis of the vertebral column by HPLC demonstrates a consistent, age-related increase in the yield of total chondroitin sulfate disaccharide, but no change in sulfation pattern, supported by immunohistochemical analysis. Immunohistochemistry strongly identifies all three chondroitin/dermatan sulphate isoforms (C-0-S, C-4-S/DS and C-6-S) within the vertebral cartilage, particularly within the pericellular micro-environment. In contrast, keratan sulfate immunolocalises specifically with the notochordal tissue of the intervertebral disc, and its labelling diminishes with age. In summary, these observations raise the prospect that zebrafish, in addition to modelling skeletal development, may have utility in modelling age-related degenerative changes that affect the skeleton during senescence.
Collapse
|
38
|
Characterization of zebrafish mutants with defects in bone calcification during development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:132-6. [PMID: 24051095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the fluorescent dyes calcein and alcian blue, we stained the F3 generation of chemically (ENU) mutagenized zebrafish embryos and larvae, and screened for mutants with defects in bone development. We identified a mutant line, bone calcification slow (bcs), which showed delayed axial vertebra calcification during development. Before 4-5 days post-fertilization (dpf), the bcs embryos did not display obvious abnormalities in bone development (i.e., normal number, size and shape of cartilage and vertebrae). At 5-6 dpf, when vertebrae calcification starts, bcs embryos began to show defects. At 7 dpf, for example, in most of the bcs embryos examined, calcein staining revealed no signals of vertebrae mineralization, whereas during the same developmental stages, 2-14 mineralized vertebrae were observed in wild-type animals. Decreases in the number of calcified vertebrae were also observed in bcs mutants when examined at 9 and 11 dpf, respectively. Interestingly, by 13 dpf the defects in bcs mutants were no longer evident. There were no significant differences in the number of calcified vertebrae between wild-type and mutant animals. We examined the expression of bone development marker genes (e.g., Sox9b, Bmp2b, and Cyp26b1, which play important roles in bone formation and calcification). In mutant fish, we observed slight increases in Sox9b expression, no alterations in Bmp2b expression, but significant increases in Cyp26b1 expression. Together, the data suggest that bcs delays axial skeletal calcification, but does not affect bone formation and maturation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim YI, Lee S, Jung SH, Kim HT, Choi JH, Lee MS, You KH, Yeo SY, Yoo KW, Kwak S, Lee JN, Park R, Choe SK, Kim CH. Establishment of a bone-specific col10a1:GFP transgenic zebrafish. Mol Cells 2013; 36:145-50. [PMID: 23852131 PMCID: PMC3887955 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During skeletal development, both osteogenic and chondrogenic programs are initiated from multipotent mesenchymal cells, requiring a number of signaling molecules, transcription factors, and downstream effectors to orchestrate the sophisticated process. Col10a1, an important downstream effector gene, has been identified as a marker for maturing chondrocytes in higher vertebrates, such as mammals and birds. In zebrafish, this gene has been shown to be expressed in both osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but no study has reported its role in osteoblast development. To initially delineate the osteogenic program from chondrogenic lineage development, we used the zebrafish col10a1 promoter to establish a transgenic zebrafish expressing a GFP reporter specifically in osteoblast-specific bone structures that do not involve cartilaginous programs. A construct harboring a -2.2-kb promoter region was found to be sufficient to drive the reporter gene in osteoblast-specific bone structures within the endogenous col10a1 expression domain, confirming that separable cis-acting elements exist for distinct cell type-specific expression of col10a1 during zebrafish skeletal development. The -2.2-kb col10a1:GFP transgenic zebrafish marking only bone structures derived from osteoblasts will undoubtedly be an invaluable tool for identifying and characterizing molecular events driving osteoblast development in zebrafish, which may further provide a differential mechanism where col10a1 is involved in the development of chondrocytes undergoing maturation in other vertebrate systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749,
Korea
| | - Suman Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 463-836,
Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Kwan-Hee You
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Yeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 305-719,
Korea
| | - Kyeong-Won Yoo
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749,
Korea
| | - SeongAe Kwak
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749,
Korea
| | - Joon No Lee
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749,
Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749,
Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749,
Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hayes AJ, Mitchell RE, Bashford A, Reynolds S, Caterson B, Hammond CL. Expression of glycosaminoglycan epitopes during zebrafish skeletogenesis. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:778-89. [PMID: 23576310 PMCID: PMC3698701 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zebrafish is an important developmental model. Surprisingly, there are few studies that describe the glycosaminoglycan composition of its extracellular matrix during skeletogenesis. Glycosaminoglycans on proteoglycans contribute to the material properties of musculo skeletal connective tissues, and are important in regulating signalling events during morphogenesis. Sulfation motifs within the chain structure of glycosaminoglycans on cell-associated and extracellular matrix proteoglycans allow them to bind and regulate the sequestration/presentation of bioactive signalling molecules important in musculo-skeletal development. RESULTS We describe the spatio-temporal expression of different glycosaminoglycan moieties during zebrafish skeletogenesis with antibodies recognising (1) native sulfation motifs within chondroitin and keratan sulfate chains, and (2) enzyme-generated neoepitope sequences within the chain structure of chondroitin sulfate (i.e., 0-, 4-, and 6-sulfated isoforms) and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. We show that all the glycosaminoglycan moieties investigated are expressed within the developing skeletal tissues of larval zebrafish. However, subtle changes in their patterns of spatio-temporal expression over the period examined suggest that their expression is tightly and dynamically controlled during development. CONCLUSIONS The subtle differences observed in the domains of expression between different glycosaminoglycan moieties suggest differences in their functional roles during establishment of the primitive analogues of the skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hayes
- Connective Tissue Biology Laboratory, Cardiff School of Biosciences and Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bashford
- Connective Tissue Biology Laboratory, Cardiff School of Biosciences and Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Reynolds
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Caterson
- Connective Tissue Biology Laboratory, Cardiff School of Biosciences and Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mitchell R, Huitema L, Skinner R, Brunt L, Severn C, Schulte-Merker S, Hammond C. New tools for studying osteoarthritis genetics in zebrafish. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:269-78. [PMID: 23159952 PMCID: PMC3560059 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence points to a strong genetic component to osteoarthritis (OA) and that certain changes that occur in osteoarthritic cartilage recapitulate the developmental process of endochondral ossification. As zebrafish are a well validated model for genetic studies and developmental biology, our objective was to establish the spatiotemporal expression pattern of a number of OA susceptibility genes in the larval zebrafish providing a platform for functional studies into the role of these genes in OA. DESIGN We identified the zebrafish homologues for Mcf2l, Gdf5, PthrP/Pthlh, Col9a2, and Col10a1 from the Ensembl genome browser. Labelled probes were generated for these genes and in situ hybridisations were performed on wild type zebrafish larvae. In addition, we generated transgenic reporter lines by modification of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing full length promoters for col2a1 and col10a1. RESULTS For the first time, we show the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Mcf2l. Furthermore, we show that all six putative OA genes are dynamically expressed during zebrafish larval development, and that all are expressed in the developing skeletal system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the transgenic reporters we have generated for col2a1 and col10a1 can be used to visualise chondrocyte hypertrophy in vivo. CONCLUSION In this study we describe the expression pattern of six OA susceptibility genes in zebrafish larvae and the generation of two new transgenic lines marking chondrocytes at different stages of maturation. Moreover, the tools used demonstrate the utility of the zebrafish model for functional studies on genes identified as playing a role in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - L.F.A. Huitema
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW & UMC, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - R.E.H. Skinner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - L.H. Brunt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - C. Severn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - S. Schulte-Merker
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW & UMC, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands,EZO, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - C.L. Hammond
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: C.L. Hammond, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|