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Cardoso JCR, Mc Shane JC, Li Z, Peng M, Power DM. Revisiting the evolution of Family B1 GPCRs and ligands: Insights from mollusca. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112192. [PMID: 38408601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Family B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most well studied neuropeptide receptor families since they play a central role in many biological processes including endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and reproduction in animals. The genes for these receptors emerged from a common ancestral gene in bilaterian genomes and evolved via gene/genome duplications and deletions in vertebrate and invertebrate genomes. Their existence and function have mostly been characterized in vertebrates and few studies exist in invertebrate species. Recently, an increased interest in molluscs, means a series of genomes have become available, and since they are less modified than insect and nematode genomes, they are ideal to explore the origin and evolution of neuropeptide gene families. This review provides an overview of Family B1 GPCRs and their peptide ligands and incorporates new data obtained from Mollusca genomes and taking a comparative approach challenges existing models on their origin and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Jennifer C Mc Shane
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Zhi Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Cunha TJ, de Medeiros BAS, Lord A, Sørensen MV, Giribet G. Rampant loss of universal metazoan genes revealed by a chromosome-level genome assembly of the parasitic Nematomorpha. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3514-3521.e4. [PMID: 37467752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Parasites may manipulate host behavior to increase the odds of transmission or to reach the proper environment to complete their life cycle.1,2 Members of the phylum Nematomorpha (known as horsehair worms, hairworms, or Gordian worms) are large endoparasites that affect the behavior of their arthropod hosts. In terrestrial hosts, they cause erratic movements toward bodies of water,3,4,5,6 where the adult worm emerges from the host to find mates for reproduction. We present a chromosome-level genome assembly for the freshwater Acutogordius australiensis and a draft assembly for one of the few known marine species, Nectonema munidae. The assemblies span 201 Mbp and 213 Mbp in length (N50: 38 Mbp and 716 Kbp), respectively, and reveal four chromosomes in Acutogordius, which are largely rearranged compared to the inferred ancestral condition in animals. Both nematomorph genomes have a relatively low number of genes (11,114 and 8,717, respectively) and lack a high proportion (∼30%) of universal single-copy metazoan orthologs (BUSCO genes7). We demonstrate that missing genes are not an artifact of the assembly process, with the majority of missing orthologs being shared by the two independent assemblies. Missing BUSCOs are enriched for Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with the organization of cilia and cell projections in other animals. We show that most cilium-related genes conserved across eukaryotes have been lost in Nematomorpha, providing a molecular basis for the suspected absence of ciliary structures in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauana J Cunha
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
| | - Bruno A S de Medeiros
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Arianna Lord
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Martin V Sørensen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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3
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Hopkins CE, Brock T, Caulfield TR, Bainbridge M. Phenotypic screening models for rapid diagnosis of genetic variants and discovery of personalized therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 91:101153. [PMID: 36411139 PMCID: PMC10073243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine strives for highly individualized treatments for disease under the notion that each individual's unique genetic makeup and environmental exposures imprints upon them not only a disposition to illness, but also an optimal therapeutic approach. In the realm of rare disorders, genetic predisposition is often the predominant mechanism driving disease presentation. For such, mostly, monogenic disorders, a causal gene to phenotype association is likely. As a result, it becomes important to query the patient's genome for the presence of pathogenic variations that are likely to cause the disease. Determining whether a variant is pathogenic or not is critical to these analyses and can be challenging, as many disease-causing variants are novel and, ergo, have no available functional data to help categorize them. This problem is exacerbated by the need for rapid evaluation of pathogenicity, since many genetic diseases present in young children who will experience increased morbidity and mortality without rapid diagnosis and therapeutics. Here, we discuss the utility of animal models, with a focus mainly on C. elegans, as a contrast to tissue culture and in silico approaches, with emphasis on how these systems are used in determining pathogenicity of variants with uncertain significance and then used to screen for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas R Caulfield
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Computational Biology, Department of Clinical Genomics, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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4
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Doms S, Fokt H, Rühlemann MC, Chung CJ, Kuenstner A, Ibrahim SM, Franke A, Turner LM, Baines JF. Key features of the genetic architecture and evolution of host-microbe interactions revealed by high-resolution genetic mapping of the mucosa-associated gut microbiome in hybrid mice. eLife 2022; 11:75419. [PMID: 35866635 PMCID: PMC9307277 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the forces that shape diversity in host-associated bacterial communities is critical to understanding the evolution and maintenance of metaorganisms. To gain deeper understanding of the role of host genetics in shaping gut microbial traits, we employed a powerful genetic mapping approach using inbred lines derived from the hybrid zone of two incipient house mouse species. Furthermore, we uniquely performed our analysis on microbial traits measured at the gut mucosal interface, which is in more direct contact with host cells and the immune system. Several mucosa-associated bacterial taxa have high heritability estimates, and interestingly, 16S rRNA transcript-based heritability estimates are positively correlated with cospeciation rate estimates. Genome-wide association mapping identifies 428 loci influencing 120 taxa, with narrow genomic intervals pinpointing promising candidate genes and pathways. Importantly, we identified an enrichment of candidate genes associated with several human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, and functional categories including innate immunity and G-protein-coupled receptors. These results highlight key features of the genetic architecture of mammalian host-microbe interactions and how they diverge as new species form. The digestive system, particularly the large intestine, hosts many types of bacteria which together form the gut microbiome. The exact makeup of different bacterial species is specific to an individual, but microbiomes are often more similar between related individuals, and more generally, across related species. Whether this is because individuals share similar environments or similar genetic backgrounds remains unclear. These two factors can be disentangled by breeding different animal lineages – which have different genetic backgrounds while belonging to the same species – and then raising the progeny in the same environment. To investigate this question, Doms et al. studied the genes and microbiomes of mice resulting from breeding strains from multiple locations in a natural hybrid zone between different subspecies. The experiments showed that 428 genetic regions affected the makeup of the microbiome, many of which were known to be associated with human diseases. Further analysis revealed 79 genes that were particularly interesting, as they were involved in recognition and communication with bacteria. These results show how the influence of the host genome on microbiome composition becomes more specialized as animals evolve. Overall, the work by Doms et al. helps to pinpoint the genes that impact the microbiome; this knowledge could be helpful to examine how these interactions contribute to the emergence of conditions such as diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease, which are linked to perturbations in gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauni Doms
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hanna Fokt
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte Christoph Rühlemann
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cecilia J Chung
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Kuenstner
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leslie M Turner
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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5
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Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Bxy-octr-1 in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Gene 2022; 823:146350. [PMID: 35189249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an invasive plant-parasitic nematode causing the notorious pine wilt disease (PWD) worldwide, which results in huge economic losses. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an essential role in mating and reproduction behavior of animals. As a unique biogenic amine in invertebrates, octopamine (OA) can regulate a variety of physiological and behavioral responses by binding specific GPCRs. These specific GPCRs are also called octopamine receptors (OARs), and octr-1 is one of them. However, Bxy-octr-1 is unknown in B. xylophilus. Therefore, we investigated the expression pattern and biological function of Bxy-octr-1. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that Bxy-octr-1 was evolutionarily conserved. The real-time quantitative PCR data revealed that Bxy-octr-1 expression was required throughout the entire life of B. xylophilus. mRNA in situ hybridization showed that Bxy-octr-1 was mainly located in the cephalopharynx, body wall muscle, intestine, and gonadal organs of B. xylophilus. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that embryo hatching rates and locomotion speeds were both dramatically decreased. Obvious abnormal phenotypes were observed in the second-stage of juveniles after RNAi treated. Furthermore, its ontogenesis was stunting. Lack of Bxy-octr-1 reduced fecundity of females, of which 31.25% of them could not successfully ovulate. In addition, the error positioning ratio of the nematode was significantly increased. Our study suggests that Bxy-octr-1 is indispensable for locomotion, early ontogenesis and mating behavior in B. xylophilus.
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6
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Salim C, Kan AK, Batsaikhan E, Patterson EC, Jee C. Neuropeptidergic regulation of compulsive ethanol seeking in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1804. [PMID: 35110557 PMCID: PMC8810865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the catastrophic consequences of alcohol abuse, alcohol use disorders (AUD) and comorbidities continue to strain the healthcare system, largely due to the effects of alcohol-seeking behavior. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of alcohol seeking will lead to enriched treatments for these disorders. Compulsive alcohol seeking is characterized by an imbalance between the superior drive to consume alcohol and the disruption or erosion in control of alcohol use. To model the development of compulsive engagement in alcohol seeking, we simultaneously exploited two distinct and conflicting Caenorhabditis elegans behavioral programs, ethanol preference and avoidance of aversive stimulus. We demonstrate that the C. elegans model recapitulated the pivotal features of compulsive alcohol seeking in mammals, specifically repeated attempts, endurance, and finally aversion-resistant alcohol seeking. We found that neuropeptide signaling via SEB-3, a CRF receptor-like GPCR, facilitates the development of ethanol preference and compels animals to seek ethanol compulsively. Furthermore, our functional genomic approach and behavioral elucidation suggest that the SEB-3 regulates another neuropeptidergic signaling, the neurokinin receptor orthologue TKR-1, to facilitate compulsive ethanol-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnu Salim
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Ann Ke Kan
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Enkhzul Batsaikhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - E Clare Patterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Changhoon Jee
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
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7
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Reilly DK, McGlame EJ, Vandewyer E, Robidoux AN, Muirhead CS, Northcott HT, Joyce W, Alkema MJ, Gegear RJ, Beets I, Srinivasan J. Distinct neuropeptide-receptor modules regulate a sex-specific behavioral response to a pheromone. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1018. [PMID: 34465863 PMCID: PMC8408276 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioecious species are a hallmark of the animal kingdom, with opposing sexes responding differently to identical sensory cues. Here, we study the response of C. elegans to the small-molecule pheromone, ascr#8, which elicits opposing behavioral valences in each sex. We identify a novel neuropeptide-neuropeptide receptor (NP/NPR) module that is active in males, but not in hermaphrodites. Using a novel paradigm of neuropeptide rescue that we established, we leverage bacterial expression of individual peptides to rescue the sex-specific response to ascr#8. Concurrent biochemical studies confirmed individual FLP-3 peptides differentially activate two divergent receptors, NPR-10 and FRPR-16. Interestingly, the two of the peptides that rescued behavior in our feeding paradigm are related through a conserved threonine, suggesting that a specific NP/NPR combination sets a male state, driving the correct behavioral valence of the ascr#8 response. Receptor expression within pre-motor neurons reveals novel coordination of male-specific and core locomotory circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas K. Reilly
- grid.268323.e0000 0001 1957 0327Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA USA ,grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531Present Address: Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - Emily J. McGlame
- grid.268323.e0000 0001 1957 0327Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA USA ,Present Address: AbbVie Foundational Neuroscience Center, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Elke Vandewyer
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annalise N. Robidoux
- grid.268323.e0000 0001 1957 0327Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Caroline S. Muirhead
- grid.268323.e0000 0001 1957 0327Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Haylea T. Northcott
- grid.268323.e0000 0001 1957 0327Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA USA ,grid.423532.10000 0004 0516 8515Present Address: Optum, Hartford, CT USA
| | - William Joyce
- grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Neurobiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Mark J. Alkema
- grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Neurobiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Robert J. Gegear
- grid.266686.a0000000102217463Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA USA
| | - Isabel Beets
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jagan Srinivasan
- grid.268323.e0000 0001 1957 0327Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA USA
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8
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Palmitoylation of Prolactin-Releasing Peptide Increased Affinity for and Activation of the GPR10, NPFF-R2 and NPFF-R1 Receptors: In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168904. [PMID: 34445614 PMCID: PMC8396344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anorexigenic neuropeptide prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Lipidization of PrRP stabilizes the peptide, facilitates central effect after peripheral administration and increases its affinity for its receptor, GPR10, and for the neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptor NPFF-R2. The two most potent palmitoylated analogs with anorectic effects in mice, palm11-PrRP31 and palm-PrRP31, were studied in vitro to determine their agonist/antagonist properties and mechanism of action on GPR10, NPFF-R2 and other potential off-target receptors related to energy homeostasis. Palmitoylation of both PrRP31 analogs increased the binding properties of PrRP31 to anorexigenic receptors GPR10 and NPFF-R2 and resulted in a high affinity for another NPFF receptor, NPFF-R1. Moreover, in CHO-K1 cells expressing GPR10, NPFF-R2 or NPFF-R1, palm11-PrRP and palm-PrRP significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (Akt) and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Palm11-PrRP31, unlike palm-PrRP31, did not activate either c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, c-Jun, c-Fos or CREB pathways in cells expressing NPFF-1R. Palm-PrRP31 also has higher binding affinities for off-target receptors, namely, the ghrelin, opioid (KOR, MOR, DOR and OPR-L1) and neuropeptide Y (Y1, Y2 and Y5) receptors. Palm11-PrRP31 exhibited fewer off-target activities; therefore, it has a higher potential to be used as an anti-obesity drug with anorectic effects.
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9
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Li Z, Cardoso JCR, Peng M, Inácio JPS, Power DM. Evolution and Potential Function in Molluscs of Neuropeptide and Receptor Homologues of the Insect Allatostatins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:725022. [PMID: 34659116 PMCID: PMC8514136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.725022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The allatostatins (ASTs), AST-A, AST-B and AST-C, have mainly been investigated in insects. They are a large group of small pleotropic alloregulatory neuropeptides that are unrelated in sequence and activate receptors of the rhodopsin G-protein coupled receptor family (GPCRs). The characteristics and functions of the homologue systems in the molluscs (Buccalin, MIP and AST-C-like), the second most diverse group of protostomes after the arthropods, and of high interest for evolutionary studies due to their less rearranged genomes remains to be explored. In the present study their evolution is deciphered in molluscs and putative functions assigned in bivalves through meta-analysis of transcriptomes and experiments. Homologues of the three arthropod AST-type peptide precursors were identified in molluscs and produce a larger number of mature peptides than in insects. The number of putative receptors were also distinct across mollusc species due to lineage and species-specific duplications. Our evolutionary analysis of the receptors identified for the first time in a mollusc, the cephalopod, GALR-like genes, which challenges the accepted paradigm that AST-AR/buccalin-Rs are the orthologues of vertebrate GALRs in protostomes. Tissue transcriptomes revealed the peptides, and their putative receptors have a widespread distribution in bivalves and in the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, elements of the three peptide-receptor systems are highly abundant in the mantle an innate immune barrier tissue. Exposure of M. galloprovincialis to lipopolysaccharide or a marine pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, provoked significant modifications in the expression of genes of the peptide precursor and receptors of the AST-C-like system in the mantle suggesting involvement in the immune response. Overall, our study reveals that homologues of the arthropod AST-systems in molluscs are potentially more complex due to the greater number of putative mature peptides and receptor genes. In bivalves they have a broad and varying tissue distribution and abundance, and the elements of the AST-C-like family may have a putative function in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C. R. Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power, ; João C. R. Cardoso,
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João P. S. Inácio
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M. Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power, ; João C. R. Cardoso,
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10
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Atkinson LE, McCoy CJ, Crooks BA, McKay FM, McVeigh P, McKenzie D, Irvine A, Harrington J, Rosa BA, Mitreva M, Marks NJ, Maule AG, Mousley A. Phylum-Spanning Neuropeptide GPCR Identification and Prioritization: Shaping Drug Target Discovery Pipelines for Nematode Parasite Control. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:718363. [PMID: 34659113 PMCID: PMC8515059 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.718363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode parasites undermine human health and global food security. The frontline anthelmintic portfolio used to treat parasitic nematodes is threatened by the escalation of anthelmintic resistance, resulting in a demand for new drug targets for parasite control. Nematode neuropeptide signalling pathways represent an attractive source of novel drug targets which currently remain unexploited. The complexity of the nematode neuropeptidergic system challenges the discovery of new targets for parasite control, however recent advances in parasite 'omics' offers an opportunity for the in silico identification and prioritization of targets to seed anthelmintic discovery pipelines. In this study we employed Hidden Markov Model-based searches to identify ~1059 Caenorhabditis elegans neuropeptide G-protein coupled receptor (Ce-NP-GPCR) encoding gene homologs in the predicted protein datasets of 10 key parasitic nematodes that span several phylogenetic clades and lifestyles. We show that, whilst parasitic nematodes possess a reduced complement of Ce-NP-GPCRs, several receptors are broadly conserved across nematode species. To prioritize the most appealing parasitic nematode NP-GPCR anthelmintic targets, we developed a novel in silico nematode parasite drug target prioritization pipeline that incorporates pan-phylum NP-GPCR conservation, C. elegans-derived reverse genetics phenotype, and parasite life-stage specific expression datasets. Several NP-GPCRs emerge as the most attractive anthelmintic targets for broad spectrum nematode parasite control. Our analyses have also identified the most appropriate targets for species- and life stage- directed chemotherapies; in this context we have identified several NP-GPCRs with macrofilaricidal potential. These data focus functional validation efforts towards the most appealing NP-GPCR targets and, in addition, the prioritization strategy employed here provides a blueprint for parasitic nematode target selection beyond NP-GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E. Atkinson
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran J. McCoy
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany A. Crooks
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. McKay
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Darrin McKenzie
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Allister Irvine
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - John Harrington
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Bruce A. Rosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mousley
- Microbes and Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Angela Mousley,
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11
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Rugiu L, de Wit P, Kostian I, Jormalainen V. Climate change driven hyposalinity as a selective agent in the littoral mesoherbivore Idotea balthica. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105216. [PMID: 33227618 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will include a decrease in seawater salinity in the Baltic Sea. We quantified the effects of the projected future desalination on survival of the early life stage of the littoral herbivore Idotea balthica. We collected egg-bearing Idotea from three range-margin Baltic Sea populations, we exposed half of each brood to either current (6‰) or future salinity (3.5‰). We genotyped a subsample of each brood to analyse patterns of allelic change and to identify genomic regions targeted by selection. The survival was overall reduced by hyposalinity and broods varied in response to hyposalinity implying genetic variation in tolerance, with a stronger decrease in genetic diversity in future salinity. Finally, we identified proteins with crucial roles in basic cellular functions. This study indicates that projected future northern Baltic Sea hyposalinity will not just hamper I. balthica survival, but its selective pressure may also affect genetic diversity and cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rugiu
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden.
| | - Pierre de Wit
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Iita Kostian
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Veijo Jormalainen
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
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12
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Yañez-Guerra LA, Zhong X, Moghul I, Butts T, Zampronio CG, Jones AM, Mirabeau O, Elphick MR. Echinoderms provide missing link in the evolution of PrRP/sNPF-type neuropeptide signalling. eLife 2020; 9:57640. [PMID: 32579512 PMCID: PMC7314547 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide signalling systems comprising peptide ligands and cognate receptors are evolutionarily ancient regulators of physiology and behaviour. However, there are challenges associated with determination of orthology between neuropeptides in different taxa. Orthologs of vertebrate neuropeptide-Y (NPY) known as neuropeptide-F (NPF) have been identified in protostome invertebrates, whilst prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and short neuropeptide-F (sNPF) have been identified as paralogs of NPY/NPF in vertebrates and protostomes, respectively. Here we investigated the occurrence of NPY/NPF/PrRP/sNPF-related signalling systems in a deuterostome invertebrate phylum - the Echinodermata. Analysis of transcriptome/genome sequence data revealed loss of NPY/NPF-type signalling, but orthologs of PrRP-type neuropeptides and sNPF/PrRP-type receptors were identified in echinoderms. Furthermore, experimental studies revealed that the PrRP-type neuropeptide pQDRSKAMQAERTGQLRRLNPRF-NH2 is a potent ligand for a sNPF/PrRP-type receptor in the starfish Asterias rubens. Our findings indicate that PrRP-type and sNPF-type signalling systems are orthologous and originated as a paralog of NPY/NPF-type signalling in Urbilateria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingxing Zhong
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ismail Moghul
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Butts
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Jones
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maurice R Elphick
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Dierking K, Pita L. Receptors Mediating Host-Microbiota Communication in the Metaorganism: The Invertebrate Perspective. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1251. [PMID: 32612612 PMCID: PMC7308585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms live in close association with a plethora of microorganism, which have a profound effect on multiple host functions. As such, the microbiota and its host form an intimate functional entity, termed the metaorganism or holobiont. But how does the metaorganism communicate? Which receptors recognize microbial signals, mediate the effect of the microbiota on host physiology or regulate microbiota composition and homeostasis? In this review we provide an overview on the function of different receptor classes in animal host-microbiota communication. We put a special focus on invertebrate hosts, including both traditional invertebrate models such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans and “non-model” invertebrates in microbiota research. Finally, we highlight the potential of invertebrate systems in studying mechanism of host-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dierking
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucía Pita
- RD3 Marine Symbioses, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Kwon H, Yang Y, Kumar S, Lee DW, Bajracharya P, Calkins TL, Kim Y, Pietrantonio PV. Characterization of the first insect prostaglandin (PGE 2) receptor: MansePGE 2R is expressed in oenocytoids and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) increases transcript expression. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 117:103290. [PMID: 31790798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In arthropods, eicosanoids derived from the oxygenated metabolism of arachidonic acid are significant in mediating immune responses. However, the lack of information about insect eicosanoid receptors is an obstacle to completely decipher immune mechanisms underlying both eicosanoid downstream signal cascades and their relationship to immune pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here, we cloned and sequenced a G protein-coupled receptor (MW 46.16 kDa) from the model lepidopteran, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae). The receptor shares similarity of amino acid motifs to human prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors, and phylogenetic analysis supports its classification as a prostaglandin receptor. In agreement, the recombinant receptor was activated by PGE2 resulting in intracellular cAMP increase, and therefore designated MansePGE2R. Expression of MansePGE2R in Sf9 cells in which the endogenous orthologous receptor had been silenced showed similar cAMP increase upon PGE2 challenge. Receptor transcript expression was identified in various tissues in larvae and female adults, including Malpighian tubules, fat body, gut and hemocytes, and in female ovaries. In addition to the cDNA cloned that encodes the functional receptor, an mRNA was found featuring the poly-A tail but lacking the predicted transmembrane (TM) regions 2 and 3, suggesting the possibility that internally deleted receptor proteins exist in insects. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that among hemocytes, the receptor was exclusively localized in the oenocytoids. Larval immune challenges injecting bacterial components showed that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) increased MansePGE2R expression in hemocytes. In contrast, injection of LPS or peptidoglycan did not increase MansePGE2R transcript levels in hemocytes, suggesting the LTA-associated increase in receptor transcript is regulated through a distinct pathway. This study provides the first characterization of an eicosanoid receptor in insects, and paves the way for establishing the hierarchy in signaling steps required for establishing insect immune responses to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeogsun Kwon
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea.
| | - Dae-Weon Lee
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Prati Bajracharya
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Travis L Calkins
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea.
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15
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Gershkovich MM, Groß VE, Kaiser A, Prömel S. Pharmacological and functional similarities of the human neuropeptide Y system in C. elegans challenges phylogenetic views on the FLP/NPR system. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:123. [PMID: 31533726 PMCID: PMC6751662 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropeptide Y system affects various processes, among others food intake, and is frequently discussed in the context of targeting obesity. Studies in model organisms are indispensable to enable molecular studies in a physiological context. Although the NPY system is evolutionarily conserved in all bilaterians, in the widely used model Caenorhabditis elegans there is controversy on the existence of NPY orthologous molecules. While the FMRFamide-like peptide (FLP)/Neuropeptide receptor-Resemblance (NPR) system in the nematode was initially suggested to be orthologous to the mammalian NPY system, later global phylogenetic studies indicate that FLP/NPR is protostome-specific. METHODS We performed a comprehensive pharmacological study of the FLP/NPR system in transfected cells in vitro, and tested for functional substitution in C. elegans knockout strains. Further, we phenotypically compared different flp loss-of-function strains. Differences between groups were compared by ANOVA and post-hoc testing (Dunnett, Bonferroni). RESULTS Our pharmacological analysis of the FLP/NPR system including formerly functionally uncharacterized NPY-like peptides from C. elegans demonstrates that G protein-coupling and ligand requirements for receptor activation are similar to the human NPY system. In vitro and in vivo analyses show cross-reactivity of NPY with the FLP/NPR system manifesting in the ability of the human GPCRs to functionally substitute FLP/NPR signaling in vivo. The high pharmacological/functional similarities enabled us to identify C. elegans FLP-14 as a key molecule in avoidance behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the pharmacological and functional similarities of human NPY and C. elegans NPR systems. This adds a novel perspective to current phylogenetic reconstructions of the neuropeptide Y system. NPY and NPR receptors are pharmacologically so similar that the human receptors can functionally compensate for the C. elegans ones, suggesting orthologous relationships. This is also underlined by the presence of NPY-like peptides and parallels in peptide requirements for receptor activation. Further, the results presented here highlight the potential of this knowledge for physiological as well as molecular studies on neuropeptide GPCRs such as the NPY system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Elisabeth Groß
- Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kaiser
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Prömel
- Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Fadda M, Hasakiogullari I, Temmerman L, Beets I, Zels S, Schoofs L. Regulation of Feeding and Metabolism by Neuropeptide F and Short Neuropeptide F in Invertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:64. [PMID: 30837946 PMCID: PMC6389622 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neuropeptide systems have been implicated to coordinately control energy homeostasis, both centrally and peripherally. However, the vertebrate neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has emerged as the best described one regarding this biological process. The protostomian ortholog of NPY is neuropeptide F, characterized by an RXRF(Y)amide carboxyterminal motif. A second neuropeptide system is short NPF, characterized by an M/T/L/FRF(W)amide carboxyterminal motif. Although both short and long NPF neuropeptide systems display carboxyterminal sequence similarities, they are evolutionary distant and likely already arose as separate signaling systems in the common ancestor of deuterostomes and protostomes, indicating the functional importance of both. Both NPF and short-NPF systems seem to have roles in the coordination of feeding across bilaterian species, but during chordate evolution, the short NPF system appears to have been lost or evolved into the prolactin releasing peptide signaling system, which regulates feeding and has been suggested to be orthologous to sNPF. Here we review the roles of both NPF and sNPF systems in the regulation of feeding and metabolism in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liliane Schoofs
- Department of Biology, Functional Genomics and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Mani T, Bourguinat C, Prichard RK. G-protein-coupled receptor genes of Dirofilaria immitis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 222:6-13. [PMID: 29625152 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The diversity and uniqueness of nematode heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) provides impetus for identifying ligands that can be used as therapeutics for treating diseases caused by parasitic nematode infections. In human medicine, GPCRs have represented the largest group of 'drugable' targets exploited in the market today. In the filarial nematode Dirofilaria immitis, which causes heartworm disease, the macrocyclic lactones (ML) have been used as the sole preventatives for more than 25 years and now there is confirmed ML resistance in this parasite. A novel anthelmintic emodepside, with antifilarial activity, can act on a GPCR. In view of the ML resistance, there is an urgent need to identify new drug targets and GPCRs of D. immitis may be promising receptors. Knowledge of polymorphism within the GPCR superfamily is of interest. A total of 127 GPCR genes have been identified, so far, in the genome of D. immitis. Whole genome sequencing data from four ML susceptible and four ML loss of efficacy populations was used to identify 393 polymorphic loci in 35 D. immitis GPCR genes. Out of 57 SNPs in exonic regions, 36 of them caused a change in an amino acid, out of which 2 changed the predicted secondary structure of the protein. Knowledge about GPCR genes and their polymorphism is valuable information for drug design processes. Further studies need to be carried out to more fully understand the implications of each of the SNPs identified by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangadurai Mani
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Catherine Bourguinat
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Roger K Prichard
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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18
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Tool-Driven Advances in Neuropeptide Research from a Nematode Parasite Perspective. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:986-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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FMRFamide-like peptides expand the behavioral repertoire of a densely connected nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10726-E10735. [PMID: 29167374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710374114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals, including humans, can adapt to environmental stress through phenotypic plasticity. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can adapt to harsh environments by undergoing a whole-animal change, involving exiting reproductive development and entering the stress-resistant dauer larval stage. The dauer is a dispersal stage with dauer-specific behaviors for finding and stowing onto carrier animals, but how dauers acquire these behaviors, despite having a physically limited nervous system of 302 neurons, is poorly understood. We compared dauer and reproductive development using whole-animal RNA sequencing at fine time points and at sufficient depth to measure transcriptional changes within single cells. We detected 8,042 genes differentially expressed during dauer and reproductive development and observed striking up-regulation of neuropeptide genes during dauer entry. We knocked down neuropeptide processing using sbt-1 mutants and demonstrate that neuropeptide signaling promotes the decision to enter dauer rather than reproductive development. We also demonstrate that during dauer neuropeptides modulate the dauer-specific nictation behavior (carrier animal-hitchhiking) and are necessary for switching from repulsion to CO2 (a carrier animal cue) in nondauers to CO2 attraction in dauers. We tested individual neuropeptides using CRISPR knockouts and existing strains and demonstrate that the combined effects of flp-10 and flp-17 mimic the effects of sbt-1 on nictation and CO2 attraction. Through meta-analysis, we discovered similar up-regulation of neuropeptides in the dauer-like infective juveniles of diverse parasitic nematodes, suggesting the antiparasitic target potential of SBT-1. Our findings reveal that, under stress, increased neuropeptide signaling in C. elegans enhances their decision-making accuracy and expands their behavioral repertoire.
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20
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Buckley SJ, Fitzgibbon QP, Smith GG, Ventura T. In silico prediction of the G-protein coupled receptors expressed during the metamorphic molt of Sagmariasus verreauxi (Crustacea: Decapoda) by mining transcriptomic data: RNA-seq to repertoire. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 228:111-127. [PMID: 26850661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Against a backdrop of food insecurity, the farming of decapod crustaceans is a rapidly expanding and globally significant source of food protein. Sagmariasus verreauxi spiny lobster, the subject of this study, are decapods of underdeveloped aquaculture potential. Crustacean neuropeptide G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate endocrine pathways that are integral to animal fecundity, growth and survival. The potential use of novel biotechnologies to enhance GPCR-mediated physiology may assist in improving the health and productivity of farmed decapod populations. This study catalogues the GPCRs expressed in the early developmental stages, as well as adult tissues, with a view to illuminating key neuropeptide receptors. De novo assembled contiguous sequences generated from transcriptomic reads of metamorphic and post metamorphic S. verreauxi were filtered for seven transmembrane domains, and used as a reference for iterative re-mapping. Subsequent putative GPCR open reading frames (ORFs) were BLAST annotated, categorised, and compared to published orthologues based on phylogenetic analysis. A total of 85 GPCRs were digitally predicted, that represented each of the four arthropod subfamilies. They generally displayed low-level and non-differential metamorphic expression with few exceptions that we examined using RT-PCR and qPCR. Two putative CHH-like neuropeptide receptors were annotated. Three dimensional structural modelling suggests that these receptors exhibit a conserved extracellular ligand binding pocket, providing support to the notion that these receptors co-evolved with their ligands across Decapoda. This perhaps narrows the search for means to increase productivity of farmed decapod populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Buckley
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia.
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21
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Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Bjärnmark N, Power DM. Allatostatin-type A, kisspeptin and galanin GPCRs and putative ligands as candidate regulatory factors of mantle function. Mar Genomics 2015; 27:25-35. [PMID: 26751715 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allatostatin-type A (AST-A), kisspeptin (KISS) and galanin (GAL) G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) systems share a common ancestral origin in arthropods and the vertebrates where they regulate metabolism and reproduction. The molluscs are the second most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom, they occupy an important phylogenetic position, and their genome is more similar to deuterostomes than the arthropods and nematodes and thus they are good models for studies of gene family evolution and function. This mini-review intends to extend the current knowledge about AST-A, KISS and GAL GPCR system evolution and their putative function in the mollusc mantle. Comparative evolutionary analysis of the target GPCR systems was established by identifying homologues in genomes and tissue transcriptome datasets available for molluscs and comparing them to those of other metazoan systems. Studies in arthropods have revealed the existence of the AST-A system but the loss of homologues of the KISS and GAL systems. Homologues of the insect AST-AR and vertebrate KISSR genes were found in molluscs but putative GALR genes were absent. Receptor gene number suggested that members of this family have suffered lineage specific evolution during the molluscan radiation. In molluscs, orthologues of the insect AST-A peptides were not identified but buccalin peptides that are structurally related were identified and are putative receptor agonists. The identification of AST-AR and KISSR genes in molluscs strengthens the hypotheses that in metazoans members of the AST-AR subfamily share evolutionary proximity with KISSRs. The variable number of receptors and large repertoire of buccalin peptides may be indicative of the functional diversity of the AST-AR/KISSR systems in molluscs. The identification of AST-A and KISS receptors and ligands in the mantle transcriptome indicates that in molluscs they may have acquired a novel function and may play a role in shell development or sensory detection in the mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Nadège Bjärnmark
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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22
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Felix RC, Trindade M, Pires IRP, Fonseca VG, Martins RS, Silveira H, Power DM, Cardoso JCR. Unravelling the Evolution of the Allatostatin-Type A, KISS and Galanin Peptide-Receptor Gene Families in Bilaterians: Insights from Anopheles Mosquitoes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130347. [PMID: 26135459 PMCID: PMC4489612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allatostatin type A receptors (AST-ARs) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors activated by members of the FGL-amide (AST-A) peptide family that inhibit food intake and development in arthropods. Despite their physiological importance the evolution of the AST-A system is poorly described and relatively few receptors have been isolated and functionally characterised in insects. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the origin and comparative evolution of the AST-A system. To determine how evolution and feeding modified the function of AST-AR the duplicate receptors in Anopheles mosquitoes, were characterised. Phylogeny and gene synteny suggested that invertebrate AST-A receptors and peptide genes shared a common evolutionary origin with KISS/GAL receptors and ligands. AST-ARs and KISSR emerged from a common gene ancestor after the divergence of GALRs in the bilaterian genome. In arthropods, the AST-A system evolved through lineage-specific events and the maintenance of two receptors in the flies and mosquitoes (Diptera) was the result of a gene duplication event. Speciation of Anopheles mosquitoes affected receptor gene organisation and characterisation of AST-AR duplicates (GPRALS1 and 2) revealed that in common with other insects, the mosquito receptors were activated by insect AST-A peptides and the iCa2+-signalling pathway was stimulated. GPRALS1 and 2 were expressed mainly in mosquito midgut and ovaries and transcript abundance of both receptors was modified by feeding. A blood meal strongly up-regulated expression of both GPRALS in the midgut (p < 0.05) compared to glucose fed females. Based on the results we hypothesise that the AST-A system in insects shared a common origin with the vertebrate KISS system and may also share a common function as an integrator of metabolism and reproduction. Highlights: AST-A and KISS/GAL receptors and ligands shared common ancestry prior to the protostome-deuterostome divergence. Phylogeny and gene synteny revealed that AST-AR and KISSR emerged after GALR gene divergence. AST-AR genes were present in the hemichordates but were lost from the chordates. In protostomes, AST-ARs persisted and evolved through lineage-specific events and duplicated in the arthropod radiation. Diptera acquired and maintained functionally divergent duplicate AST-AR genes.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Anopheles/classification
- Anopheles/genetics
- Anopheles/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Evolution, Molecular
- Fat Body/chemistry
- Fat Body/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genome, Insect
- Glucose/metabolism
- Insect Proteins/chemistry
- Insect Proteins/genetics
- Insect Proteins/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestines/chemistry
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Ovary/chemistry
- Ovary/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Galanin/chemistry
- Receptors, Galanin/genetics
- Receptors, Galanin/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/chemistry
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Reproduction/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Synteny
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute C. Felix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005–139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marlene Trindade
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005–139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isa R. P. Pires
- Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, UEI Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349–008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera G. Fonseca
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005–139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rute S. Martins
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005–139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Henrique Silveira
- Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, UEI Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349–008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deborah M. Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005–139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C. R. Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005–139, Faro, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Yu N, Smagghe G. CCK(-like) and receptors: structure and phylogeny in a comparative perspective. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 209:74-81. [PMID: 24842717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin are regulatory peptides in vertebrates. Their homologues are widely present in metazoan animals, in form of cionin in tunicates, neuropeptide-like protein 12 in nematodes and sulfakinin (SK) in arthropods. CCK(-like) peptides exert diverse physiological effects through binding their corresponding receptors, which are important members of the hormone-binding G-protein-coupled receptors. In this paper, CCK(-like) peptides and receptors are reviewed in a comparative way at levels of molecular structure, physiological functions and phylogeny. CCK signalling system is widely involved in the regulation of satiety, gastric acid secretion, pancreatic secretion, anxiety and memory processes in vertebrates. Its counterpart SK in arthropods is also found with similar functions on regulation of satiety and gastrointestinal motility. Co-evolution of peptide and receptor has been recognized through metazoans. The CCK(-like) receptors seem to be evolved from a common ancestor based on the phylogenetic analysis, with species-specific events in arthropods. In addition, tetraploidization has been brought up to study the evolution of receptors. There are 2 receptors in chordates and nematodes, whereas, the number of sulfakinin receptor varies in arthropods from 0 to 2. We discussed here that the presence or absence of the SK signalling system is likely to be related to feeding behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yu
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Nematode and arthropod genomes provide new insights into the evolution of class 2 B1 GPCRs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92220. [PMID: 24651821 PMCID: PMC3961327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematodes and arthropods are the most speciose animal groups and possess Class 2 B1 G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Existing models of invertebrate Class 2 B1 GPCR evolution are mainly centered on Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and a few other nematode and arthropod representatives. The present study reevaluates the evolution of metazoan Class 2 B1 GPCRs and orthologues by exploring the receptors in several nematode and arthropod genomes and comparing them to the human receptors. Three novel receptor phylogenetic clusters were identified and designated cluster A, cluster B and PDF-R-related cluster. Clusters A and B were identified in several nematode and arthropod genomes but were absent from D. melanogaster and Culicidae genomes, whereas the majority of the members of the PDF-R-related cluster were from nematodes. Cluster A receptors were nematode and arthropod-specific but shared a conserved gene environment with human receptor loci. Cluster B members were orthologous to human GCGR, PTHR and Secretin members with which they probably shared a common origin. PDF-R and PDF-R related clusters were present in representatives of both nematodes and arthropods. The results of comparative analysis of GPCR evolution and diversity in protostomes confirm previous notions that C. elegans and D. melanogaster genomes are not good representatives of nematode and arthropod phyla. We hypothesize that at least four ancestral Class 2 B1 genes emerged early in the metazoan radiation, which after the protostome-deuterostome split underwent distinct selective pressures that resulted in duplication and deletion events that originated the current Class 2 B1 GPCRs in nematode and arthropod genomes.
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Vogel KJ, Brown MR, Strand MR. Phylogenetic investigation of Peptide hormone and growth factor receptors in five dipteran genomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:193. [PMID: 24379806 PMCID: PMC3863949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones and growth factors bind to membrane receptors and regulate a myriad of processes in insects and other metazoans. The evolutionary relationships among characterized and uncharacterized ("orphan") receptors can provide insights into receptor-ligand biology and narrow target choices in deorphanization studies. However, the large number and low sequence conservation of these receptors make evolutionary analysis difficult. Here, we characterized the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor guanylyl cyclases (RGCs), and protein kinase receptors (PKRs) of mosquitoes and select other flies by interrogating the genomes of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, Culex quinquefasciatus, Drosophila melanogaster, and D. mojavensis. Sequences were grouped by receptor type, clustered using the program CLANS, aligned using HMMR, and phylogenetic trees built using PhyML. Our results indicated that PKRs had relatively few orphan clades whereas GPCRs and RGCs had several. In addition, more than half of the Class B secretin-like GPCRs and RGCs remained uncharacterized. Additional studies revealed that Class B GPCRs exhibited more gain and loss events than other receptor types. Finally, using the neuropeptide F family of insect receptors and the neuropeptide Y family of vertebrate receptors, we also show that functional sites considered critical for ligand binding are conserved among distinct family members and between distantly related taxa. Overall, our results provide the first comprehensive analysis of peptide hormone and growth factor receptors for a major insect group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Vogel
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: Kevin J. Vogel, Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA e-mail:
| | - Mark R. Brown
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael R. Strand
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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