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Valproic acid attenuates cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease through the inhibition of complement C5a receptors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20278. [PMID: 36434087 PMCID: PMC9700697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing knowledge about the factors involved in the progression of diabetic complications, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) continues to be a major health burden. Current therapies only slow but do not prevent the progression of DKD. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapy to halt the progression of DKD and improve disease prognosis. In our preclinical study where we administered a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, valproic acid, to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis were attenuated. Furthermore, we discovered that valproic acid attenuated diabetes-induced upregulation of complement C5a receptors, with a concomitant reduction in markers of cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Interestingly, further examination of mice lacking the C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) gene revealed that cellular senescence was attenuated in diabetes. Similar results were observed in diabetic mice treated with a C5aR1 inhibitor, PMX53. RNA-sequencing analyses showed that PMX53 significantly regulated genes associated with cell cycle pathways leading to cellular senescence. Collectively, these results for the first time demonstrated that complement C5a mediates cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease. Cellular senescence has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, thus therapies to inhibit cellular senescence such as complement inhibitors present as a novel therapeutic option to treat diabetic kidney disease.
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Sonthalia M, Roy BS, Chandrawanshi D, Ganesh GV, Jayasuriya R, Mohandas S, Rajagopal S, Ramkumar KM. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Berardo C, Vairetti M, Ferrigno A. Detailed Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Drug-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: An Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:194. [PMID: 35052872 PMCID: PMC8774221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are some of the biggest public health challenges due to their spread and increasing incidence around the world. NAFLD is characterized by intrahepatic lipid deposition, accompanied by dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, leading to more serious complications. Among the various causes, drug administration for the treatment of numerous kinds of diseases, such as antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive drugs, promotes the onset and progression of steatosis, causing drug-induced hepatic steatosis (DIHS). Here, we reviewed in detail the major classes of drugs that cause DIHS and the specific molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Eight classes of drugs, among the most used for the treatment of common pathologies, were considered. The most diffused mechanism whereby drugs can induce NAFLD/NASH is interfering with mitochondrial activity, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, but other pathways involved in lipid homeostasis are also affected. PubMed research was performed to obtain significant papers published up to November 2021. The key words included the class of drugs, or the specific compound, combined with steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, fatty liver and hepatic lipid deposition. Additional information was found in the citations listed in other papers, when they were not displayed in the original search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Cagna
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Choo BKM, Kundap UP, Faudzi SMM, Abas F, Shaikh MF, Samarut É. Identification of curcumin analogues with anti-seizure potential in vivo using chemical and genetic zebrafish larva seizure models. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112035. [PMID: 34411917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are the outward manifestation of abnormally excessive or synchronous brain activity. While seizures can be somewhat symptomatically managed with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), many patients are still refractory to the currently available AEDs. As a result, there is a need to identify new molecules with anti-seizure properties. Curcumin is the principle curcuminoid of Curcuma longa, or colloquially turmeric, and has been experimentally proven to have anti-convulsive properties, but its poor bioavailability has dampened further therapeutic interest. Hence, this study aimed to ask if structural analogues of curcumin with an adequate bioavailability could have an anti-seizure effect in vivo. To do so, we tested these analogues following a multipronged approach combining the use of several zebrafish seizure models (chemically-induced and genetic) and complementary assays (behavioural and brain activity). Overall, from the 68 analogues tested, we found 15 different derivatives that were able to significantly decrease the behavioural hyperactivity induced by pentylenetetrazol. Of those, only a few showed an effect on the hyperactivity phenotype of two genetic models of brain seizures that are the gabra1 and gabrg2 knockouts. Two analogues, CA 80(1) and CA 74(1), were able to significantly alleviate brain seizures of gabrg2-mutant larvae. As a result, these analogues are good candidates as novel anti-seizure agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Kar Meng Choo
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Uday Praful Kundap
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Éric Samarut
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Modelis inc., Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Ramzan F, Vickers MH, Mithen RF. Epigenetics, microRNA and Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095047. [PMID: 34068765 PMCID: PMC8126218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the DNA chemistry changes that result in the modification of gene transcription and translation independently of the underlying DNA coding sequence. Epigenetic modifications are reported to involve various molecular mechanisms, including classical epigenetic changes affecting DNA methylation and histone modifications and small RNA-mediated processes, particularly that of microRNAs. Epigenetic changes are reversible and are closely interconnected. They are recognised to play a critical role as mediators of gene regulation, and any alteration in these mechanisms has been identified to mediate various pathophysiological conditions. Moreover, genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including dietary alterations, lifestyle or metabolic status, are identified to interact with the human epigenome, highlighting the importance of epigenetic factors as underlying processes in the aetiology of various diseases such as MetS. This review will reflect on how both the classical and microRNA-regulated epigenetic changes are associated with the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. We will then focus on the various aspects of epigenetic-based strategies used to modify MetS outcomes, including epigenetic diet, epigenetic drugs, epigenome editing tools and miRNA-based therapies.
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Potential repurposing of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid for patients with COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173988. [PMID: 33667455 PMCID: PMC7923868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for therapeutic approaches to prevent and mitigate the effects of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19). The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid, which has been available for the therapy of epilepsy for many years, is a drug that could be repurposed for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This article will review the reasons to consider valproic acid as a potential therapeutic to prevent severe COVID-19. Valproic acid could reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 expression, required for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, and modulate the immune cellular and cytokine response to infection, thereby reducing end-organ damage. The combined anti-thrombotic, anti-platelet, and anti-inflammatory effects of valproic acid suggest it could be a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19.
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Li S, Zhang L, Wei N, Tai Z, Yu C, Xu Z. Research Progress on the Effect of Epilepsy and Antiseizure Medications on PCOS Through HPO Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:787854. [PMID: 34992582 PMCID: PMC8726549 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.787854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease that manifests as recurrent seizures. The incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in women are slightly lower than those in men. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a reproductive endocrine system disease, is a complication that women with epilepsy are susceptible to, and its total prevalence is 8%-13% in the female population and sometimes as high as 26% in female epilepsy patients. The rate of PCOS increased markedly in female patients who chose valproate (VPA), to 1.95 times higher than that of other drugs. In addition, patients receiving other anti-seizure medications (ASMs), such as lamotrigine (LTG), oxcarbazepine (OXC), and carbamazepine (CBZ), also have reproductive endocrine abnormalities. Some scholars believe that the increase in incidence is related not only to epilepsy itself but also to ASMs. Epileptiform discharges can affect the activity of the pulse generator and then interfere with the reproductive endocrine system by breaking the balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. ASMs may also cause PCOS-like disorders of the reproductive endocrine system through the HPO axis. Moreover, other factors such as hormone metabolism and related signalling pathways also play a role in it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zucai Xu
- *Correspondence: Changyin Yu, ; Zucai Xu,
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Elsherbiny NM, Ahmed E, Kader GA, Abdel-Mottaleb Y, ElSayed MH, Youssef AM, Zaitone SA. Inhibitory effect of valproate sodium on pain behavior in diabetic mice involves suppression of spinal histone deacetylase 1 and inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:16-27. [PMID: 30785087 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anti-epileptic medications are included in the international guidelines for managing neuropathic pain. Valproate sodium (VPS) was recently described as "the forgotten analgesic" and has been reported to relief pain in various models of neuropathic pain. Some studies reported anti-inflammatory and histone deacetylase 1 (HDA1) inhibitory properties for sodium valproate. The aim of the current study was to investigate the modulatory effect of VPS on pain behavior and inflammatory reactions in alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy focusing on HDA1 inhibition and glia reactivity. 28 Male Swiss albino mice were allocated into four groups, (1) vehicle group, (2) alloxan-diabetic group, (3 & 4) alloxan+VPS (25 or 50 mg/kg) groups. VPS was given daily for 5 weeks by oral gavage. Pain behavior demonstrated increased allodynia (von-Frey filaments) and hyperalgesia (hot-plate test) in alloxan-diabetic mice that was reduced significantly by at least one of VPS doses. Sciatic nerves in diabetic mice showed increased histopathology score, increased silver staining for the nerves-indicating myelopathy- and a decrease in immunostaining for nerve growth factor. Spinal cord of diabetic mice showed greater histopathologic score, increased CD11b and glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining than vehicle treated mice. Molecular investigations highlighted greater content of spinal histone deacetylases, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-1β (IL1β) that were favorably modified by VPS. Overall, the current data confirmed that the pain killing and anti-inflammatory activity of VPS is at least partly mediated through inhibition of spinal HDA1 and glia reactivity. These findings support the view of inviting antiepileptics for treating neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada Abdel Kader
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yousra Abdel-Mottaleb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H ElSayed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Youssef
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Brown C, Smith C. Sodium valproate. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Patel MM, Patel BM. Repurposing of sodium valproate in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus: Role of HDAC inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:188-199. [PMID: 29852291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic patients are at greater risk for colon cancer. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) serve as common target for both. The key objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of sodium valproate in type 2 diabetes mellitus associated colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH High fat diet and streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Following this, after diabetes confirmation, colon cancer was induced using 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (25 mg/kg, s.c.) once weekly from 7th week to 20th weeks. Sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) treatment was given from 20th to 24th week. At the end of 24 weeks, several enzymatic and biochemical parameters, were estimated. MTT, clonogenic and scratch wound healing assay were carried out in HCT-15 cell line. KEY RESULTS Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increase in cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and carcinoembryonic antigen and presence of proliferating cells was seen in disease control animals which was prevented by sodium valproate treatment. Overexpression of relative HDAC2 mRNA levels was found in diseased control animals, which was reduced by sodium valproate treatment. IC50 of sodium valproate was found to be 3.40 mM and 3.73 mM at 48 h and 72 h respectively on HCT-15 cell line. Sodium valproate also dose dependently prevented colony formation and cell migration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Sodium valproate can be considered for repurposing in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
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Wolfram Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Clinical Manifestations, Genetics Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapies. Case Rep Endocrinol 2018; 2018:9412676. [PMID: 29850290 PMCID: PMC5932515 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9412676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Classical Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in WFS1, a gene implicated in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial function. WS is characterized by insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. A constellation of other features contributes to the acronym DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness). This review seeks to raise awareness of this rare form of diabetes so that individuals with WS are identified and provided with appropriate care. Case We describe a woman without risk factors for gestational or type 2 diabetes who presented with gestational diabetes (GDM) at the age of 39 years during her first and only pregnancy. Although she had optic atrophy since the age of 10 years, WS was not considered as her diagnosis until she presented with GDM. Biallelic mutations in WFS1 were identified, supporting a diagnosis of classical WS. Conclusions The distinct natural history, complications, and differences in management reinforce the importance of distinguishing WS from other forms of diabetes. Recent advances in the genetics and pathophysiology of WS have led to promising new therapeutic considerations that may preserve β-cell function and slow progressive neurological decline. Insight into the pathophysiology of WS may also inform strategies for β-cell preservation for individuals with type 1 and 2 diabetes.
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