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Toh DWK, Ponnalagu S, Camps SG, Lim J, Koh MXN, Henry CJ. Higher adiposity predicts greater intra-individual inconsistencies in postprandial glycemic measurements-an analysis of three randomized controlled trials in Asian populations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01457-1. [PMID: 38866975 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acute glycemic responses offer important insights into glucose homeostasis although the repeatability of these measurements particularly in Asian populations remains unclear. This research aimed to critically investigate the inconsistencies of the postprandial glycemic profile within individuals, and identify potential variables predicting greater inconsistencies. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a secondary analysis of three randomized controlled trials which fed subjects with glucose (and other carbohydrate-rich foods), and measured postprandial blood glucose at regular intervals. Intra-individual rank-order consistency in the glycemic profile between acute glucose treatments was evaluated and compared against demographic, anthropometric and cardio-metabolic health related indicators to delineate potential confounding variables. Correlations between the incremental area under curve at 120 min (iAUC120 min) for glucose and the carbohydrate-rich foods were further explored. RESULTS Rank-order consistency was identified to be moderate, with intra-individual inconsistencies marginally lower than inter-individual inconsistencies. Notably, greater inconsistencies within individuals were directly correlated with BMI and fat-mass index (P < 0.01) albeit non-significant for age, ethnicity, and other cardio-metabolic health-related risk indicators. Across the trials, there were positive monotonic correlations between the iAUC120 min for glucose and simple sugars (sucrose, isomaltulose), as well as different varieties of rice (jasmine white, Bapatla brown, Bapatla white; p < 0.05). However, there were a lack of associations between iAUC120 min for glucose with pastas (semolina and wholegrain penne, spaghetti) and mee pok noodles. CONCLUSION There are inherent inconsistencies in postprandial glycemic measurements within individuals, particularly among those with higher adiposity. These confounders need to be kept in mind for appropriate and meaningful interpretations of glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shalini Ponnalagu
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefan Gerardus Camps
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph Lim
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Xu Nian Koh
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Liu C, Pang K, Tong J, Ouyang W, Li L, Tang Y. The association between hemoglobin A1c and all-cause mortality in the ICU: A cross-section study based on MIMIC-IV 2.0. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124342. [PMID: 36875458 PMCID: PMC9975393 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia has been reported to be associated with the outcomes of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and long-term or short-term mortality in the ICU is still unknown. This study used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database to investigate the relationship between HbA1c and long-term or short-term mortality among ICU patients without a diabetes diagnosis. METHODS A total of 3,154 critically ill patients without a diabetes diagnosis who had HbA1c measurements were extracted and analyzed from the MIMIC-IV. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality, while the secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 90-day mortality after ICU discharge. HbA1c levels were classified into four levels according to three HbA1c values (5.0%, 5.7%, and 6.5%). The Cox regression model was used to investigate the relationship between the highest HbA1c measurement and mortality. Finally, this correlation was validated using the XGBoost machine learning model and Cox regression after propensity score matching (PSM). RESULTS The study eventually included 3,154 critically ill patients without diabetes who had HbA1c measurements in the database. HbA1c levels of below 5.0% or above 6.5% were significantly associated with 1-year mortality after adjusting for covariates in Cox regression (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.02-1.84 or HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.20-2.18). In addition, HbA1c 6.5% was linked to 30-day mortality (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.21-2.71) and 90-day mortality (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.14-2.29). The restricted cubic spline demonstrated a U-shaped relationship between HbA1c levels and 1-year mortality. The AUCs of the training and testing datasets in the XGBoost model were 0.928 and 0.826, respectively, while the SHAP plot revealed that HbA1c was somewhat important for the 1-year mortality. Higher HbA1c levels in Cox regression were still significantly associated with 1-year mortality after PSM for other factors. CONCLUSIONS The 1-year mortality, 30-day mortality, and 90-day mortality rates for critically ill patients after discharge from ICU are significantly associated with HbA1c. HbA1c < 5.0% and ≥6.5% would increase 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality, while levels between 5.0% and 6.5% of HbA1c did not significantly affect these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhong Tang,
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Yamazaki H, Tauchi S, Machann J, Haueise T, Yamamoto Y, Dohke M, Hanawa N, Kodama Y, Katanuma A, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Birkenfeld AL, Wagner R, Heni M. Fat Distribution Patterns and Future Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:1937-1945. [PMID: 35724270 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fat accumulation in the liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and visceral bed relates to type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the distribution of fat among these compartments is heterogenous and whether specific distribution patterns indicate high T2D risk is unclear. We therefore investigated fat distribution patterns and their link to future T2D. From 2,168 individuals without diabetes who underwent computed tomography in Japan, this case-cohort study included 658 randomly selected individuals and 146 incident cases of T2D over 6 years of follow-up. Using data-driven analysis (k-means) based on fat content in the liver, pancreas, muscle, and visceral bed, we identified four fat distribution clusters: hepatic steatosis, pancreatic steatosis, trunk myosteatosis, and steatopenia. In comparisons with the steatopenia cluster, the adjusted hazard ratios for incident T2D were 4.02 (95% CI 2.27-7.12) for the hepatic steatosis cluster, 3.38 (1.65-6.91) for the pancreatic steatosis cluster, and 1.95 (1.07-3.54) for the trunk myosteatosis cluster. The clusters were replicated in 319 German individuals without diabetes who underwent MRI and metabolic phenotyping. The distribution of the glucose area under the curve across the four clusters found in Germany was similar to the distribution of T2D risk across the four clusters in Japan. Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion differed across the four clusters. Thus, we identified patterns of fat distribution with different T2D risks presumably due to differences in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yamazaki
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tauchi
- Department of Radiology, Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Haueise
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Dohke
- Department of Health Checkup and Promotion, Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nagisa Hanawa
- Department of Health Checkup and Promotion, Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kodama
- Department of Radiology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norbert Stefan
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Róbert Wagner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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4
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Qi C, Li W, Shi Q, Zhao LL, Jin W, Zhe Min J. Determination of N-acetyl-DL-leucine in the saliva of healthy volunteers and diabetic patients using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 526:66-73. [PMID: 34971571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated that N-acetyl-leucine (N-Ac-Leu) is a potential biomarker of diabetes. This study aimed to measure the levels of enantiomers of the chiral molecule N-Ac-DL-Leu in the saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes and further determine the potential association between them. METHOD A novel validated method was established using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection, in which precolumn derivatization of (R)-(-)-4-(N, N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-l-yl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole [(R)-(-)-DBD-APy] was used for the simultaneous determination and chiral separation of N-Ac-DL-Leu in human saliva. RESULTS The labeled N-Ac-DL-Leu diastereomers were completely separated, with a resolution value of 1.93. Additionally, excellent linearity for N-Ac-DL-Leu was observed, with high coefficients of correlation (r2 ≥ 0.9999) in the range of 10-300 μM; the limit of quantitation (signal-to-noise ratio=10) was 40-120 pmol/mL, and the mean recoveries of N-Ac-L-Leu and N-Ac-D-Leu were 102.48% and 104.68%, respectively. The levels of N-Ac-Leu in the saliva of diabetic patients and healthy volunteers were determined, and it was found that the levels of N-Ac-DL-Leu in the saliva of diabetic patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers. (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The proposed method was successfully applied for the measurement of N-Ac-DL-Leu enantiomers in the saliva of diabetic patients and healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Wenlong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China.
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, and Department of Pharmacy, Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, Province, China.
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5
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Dietz B, Machann J, Agrawal V, Heni M, Schwab P, Dienes J, Reichert S, Birkenfeld AL, Häring HU, Schick F, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Preissl H, Schölkopf B, Bauer S, Wagner R. Detection of diabetes from whole-body MRI using deep learning. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146999. [PMID: 34591793 PMCID: PMC8663560 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main drivers of type 2 diabetes, but it is not uniformly associated with the disease. The location of fat accumulation is critical for metabolic health. Specific patterns of body fat distribution, such as visceral fat, are closely related to insulin resistance. There might be further, hitherto unknown, features of body fat distribution that could additionally contribute to the disease. We used machine learning with dense convolutional neural networks to detect diabetes-related variables from 2371 T1-weighted whole-body MRI data sets. MRI was performed in participants undergoing metabolic screening with oral glucose tolerance tests. Models were trained for sex, age, BMI, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, and prediabetes or incident diabetes. The results were compared with those of conventional models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 87% for the type 2 diabetes discrimination and 68% for prediabetes, both superior to conventional models. Mean absolute regression errors were comparable to those of conventional models. Heatmaps showed that lower visceral abdominal regions were critical in diabetes classification. Subphenotyping revealed a group with high future diabetes and microalbuminuria risk.Our results show that diabetes is detectable from whole-body MRI without additional data. Our technique of heatmap visualization identifies plausible anatomical regions and highlights the leading role of fat accumulation in the lower abdomen in diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Dietz
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Department of Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vaibhav Agrawal
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Tübingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of Empirical Inference, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schwab
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Dienes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Reichert
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Department of Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schölkopf
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of Empirical Inference, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of Empirical Inference, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Brito MDF, Torre C, Silva-Lima B. Scientific Advances in Diabetes: The Impact of the Innovative Medicines Initiative. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688438. [PMID: 34295913 PMCID: PMC8290522 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases under research by the first and second programmes of Innovative Medicines Initiative, with the acronyms IMI1 and IMI2, respectively. Up to October of 2019, 13 projects were funded by IMI for Diabetes & Metabolic disorders, namely SUMMIT, IMIDIA, DIRECT, StemBANCC, EMIF, EBiSC, INNODIA, RHAPSODY, BEAT-DKD, LITMUS, Hypo-RESOLVE, IM2PACT, and CARDIATEAM. In general, a total of €447 249 438 was spent by IMI in the area of Diabetes. In order to prompt a better integration of achievements between the different projects, we perform a literature review and used three data sources, namely the official project's websites, the contact with the project's coordinators and co-coordinator, and the CORDIS database. From the 662 citations identified, 185 were included. The data collected were integrated into the objectives proposed for the four IMI2 program research axes: (1) target and biomarker identification, (2) innovative clinical trials paradigms, (3) innovative medicines, and (4) patient-tailored adherence programmes. The IMI funded projects identified new biomarkers, medical and research tools, determinants of inter-individual variability, relevant pathways, clinical trial designs, clinical endpoints, therapeutic targets and concepts, pharmacologic agents, large-scale production strategies, and patient-centered predictive models for diabetes and its complications. Taking into account the scientific data produced, we provided a joint vision with strategies for integrating personalized medicine into healthcare practice. The major limitations of this article were the large gap of data in the libraries on the official project websites and even the Cordis database was not complete and up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Torre
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Kuo FY, Cheng KC, Li Y, Cheng JT. Oral glucose tolerance test in diabetes, the old method revisited. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:786-793. [PMID: 34168728 PMCID: PMC8192259 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been widely used both in clinics and in basic research for a long time. It is applied to diagnose impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals. Additionally, it has been employed in research to investigate glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in animals. The main aim of each was quite different, and the details are also somewhat varied. However, the time or duration of the OGTT was the same, using the 2-h post-glucose load glycemia in both, following the suggestions of the American Diabetes Association. Recently, the use of 30-min or 1-h post-glucose load glycemia in clinical practice has been recommended by several studies. In this review article, we describe this new view and suggest perspectives for the OGTT. Additionally, quantification of the glucose curve in basic research is also discussed. Unlike in clinical practice, the incremental area under the curve is not suitable for use in the studies involving animals receiving repeated treatments or chronic treatment. We discuss the potential mechanisms in detail. Moreover, variations between bench and bedside in the application of the OGTT are introduced. Finally, the newly identified method for the OGTT must achieve a recommendation from the American Diabetes Association or another official unit soon. In conclusion, we summarize the recent reports regarding the OGTT and add some of our own perspectives, including machine learning and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu Kuo
- Cardiovascular Center, Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine and Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 973302, Taiwan
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
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8
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Priyadarshini S, Arunkumar E, Moses J, Anandharamakrishnan C. Predicting human glucose response curve using an engineered small intestine system in combination with mathematical modeling. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Bergia RE, Biskup I, Giacco R, Costabile G, Gray S, Wright A, Vitale M, Campbell WW, Landberg R, Riccardi G. The MEDGICarb-Study: Design of a multi-center randomized controlled trial to determine the differential health-promoting effects of low- and high-glycemic index Mediterranean-style eating patterns. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100640. [PMID: 32885091 PMCID: PMC7451809 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults with central adiposity and other features of the metabolic syndrome have a markedly elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A Mediterranean-style healthy eating pattern (MED-HEP) and consumption of foods with a lower glycemic index (GI) are potential dietary approaches to curb the T2D and CVD epidemic. However, experimental evidence of the effectiveness of MED-HEP and of the contribution of GI towards improving indices of glucose homeostasis, especially among non-diabetic people, are lacking. Therefore, we developed the MedGI-Carb trial, a multi-center (Italy, Sweden, and United States) intervention in adults with at least two components of the metabolic syndrome (elevated waist circumference + one other component) that aims to improve markers of glucose homeostasis through dietary modification. All participants were randomized to consume an isocaloric high- or low-GI MED-HEP for 12 weeks. We hypothesized that indexes of insulinemia (primary outcome: postprandial insulin and glucose after standardized breakfast and lunch; secondary outcomes: fasting plasma glucose and insulin, HbA1c, 24-h continuous glucose monitoring) would be improved more with the low-GI versus the high-GI MED-HEP. Additionally, we hypothesized that consumption of a MED-HEP would improve other markers of cardiometabolic health and well-being (fasting blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, sleep quality, satiety, global metabolic alterations in the plasma metabolome, changes in the gut microbiota, subjective health and well-being), with no difference between groups. Collectively, the design of MEDGI-Carb allows several different research questions to be explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03410719.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Izabela Biskup
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food Science and Nutrition, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Savanna Gray
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amy Wright
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 West State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food Science and Nutrition, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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10
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Barovic M, Distler M, Schöniger E, Radisch N, Aust D, Weitz J, Ibberson M, Schulte AM, Solimena M. Metabolically phenotyped pancreatectomized patients as living donors for the study of islets in health and diabetes. Mol Metab 2020; 27S:S1-S6. [PMID: 31500820 PMCID: PMC6768495 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The availability of human pancreatic islets with characteristics closely resembling those present in vivo is instrumental for ex vivo studies in diabetes research. Scope of review In this review we propose metabolically phenotyped surgical patients as a novel source of pancreatic tissue for islet research. Laser Capture Microdissection from snap frozen surgical specimens is a relatively simple, reproducible and scalable method to isolate islets of highest purity for many types of “omics” analyses. Fresh pancreatic tissue slices enable the functional characterization of living islet cells in situ through dynamic experiments. Access to complete medical history and laboratory values for each donor offers the opportunity of direct correlations with different “omics” data and detailed metabolic profiling prior to pancreas surgery. Peripheral blood samples complete the picture of each patient and represent a platform for pursuit of biomarkers with uniquely comprehensive background information in regard to the donor's islet cells. Major conclusions Living donors provide the scientific community with a steady and abundant supply of excellent material to study islets closest to their in situ environment, thus advancing our understanding of their physiology in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Barovic
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral-Thoracic-Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Eyke Schöniger
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Radisch
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Visceral-Thoracic-Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniela Aust
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral-Thoracic-Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Anke M Schulte
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Diabetes Research, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e. V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Montoya B, Briga M, Jimeno B, Verhulst S. Glucose regulation is a repeatable trait affected by successive handling in zebra finches. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:455-464. [PMID: 32424441 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to adequately respond to (physiological) perturbations is a fundamental aspect of physiology, and may affect health and thereby Darwinian fitness. However, little is known of the degree of individual variation in this capacity in non-model organisms. The glucose tolerance test evaluates the individual's ability to regulate circulating glucose levels, and is a widely used tool in medicine and biomedical research, because glucose regulation is thought to play a role in the ageing process, among other reasons. Here, we developed an application of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IP-GTT) to be used in small birds, to test whether individuals can be characterized by their regulation of glucose levels and the effect of successive handling on such regulation. Since the IP-injection (intraperitoneal glucose injection), repeated handling and blood sampling may trigger a stress response, which involves a rise in glucose levels, we also evaluated the effects of handling protocols on glucose response. Blood glucose levels decreased immediately following an IP-injection, either vehicle or glucose loaded, and increased with successive blood sampling. Blood glucose levels peaked, on average, at 20 min post-injection (PI) and had not yet returned back to initial levels at 120 min PI. Glucose measurements taken during the IP-GTT were integrated to estimate magnitude of changes in glucose levels over time using the incremental area under the curve (AUC) up to 40 min PI. Glucose levels integrated in the AUC were significantly repeatable within individuals over months (r = 50%; 95% CI 30-79%), showing that the ability to regulate glucose differs consistently between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Montoya
- Laboratorio de Conducta Animal, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta (CTBC), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
| | - Michael Briga
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Blanca Jimeno
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Vistisen D, Kivimäki M, Perreault L, Hulman A, Witte DR, Brunner EJ, Tabák A, Jørgensen ME, Færch K. Reversion from prediabetes to normoglycaemia and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Whitehall II cohort study. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1385-1390. [PMID: 31123789 PMCID: PMC6647230 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Reversion from prediabetes to normoglycaemia is accompanied by an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear whether this translates into a reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events or death. Hence, we studied the probability of reversion from prediabetes to normoglycaemia and the associated risk of future CVD and death using data from the Whitehall II observational cohort study. METHODS Three glycaemic criteria for prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] 5.6-6.9 mmol/l, 2 h plasma glucose [2hPG] 7.8-11.0 mmol/l, and HbA1c 39-47 mmol/mol [5.7-6.4%]) were assessed in 2002-2004 and 2007-2009 for 5193 participants free of known diabetes at enrolment. Among participants with prediabetes in the first examination, we calculated the probability of reversion to normoglycaemia by re-examination according to each glycaemic criterion. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate and compare incidence rates of a composite endpoint of a CVD event or death in participants with prediabetes who did vs did not revert to normoglycaemia. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and previous CVD. RESULTS Based on the FPG criterion, 820 participants had prediabetes and 365 (45%) of them had reverted to normoglycaemia in 5 years. The corresponding numbers were 324 and 120 (37%) for the 2hPG criterion and 1709 and 297 (17%) for the HbA1c criterion. During a median follow-up of 6.7 (interquartile range 6.3-7.2) years, 668 events of non-fatal CVD or death occurred among the 5193 participants. Reverting from 2hPG-defined prediabetes to normoglycaemia vs remaining prediabetic or progressing to diabetes was associated with a halving in event rate (12.7 vs 29.1 per 1000 person-years, p = 0.020). No association with event rate was observed for reverting from FPG-defined (18.6 vs 18.2 per 1000 person-years, p = 0.910) or HbA1c-defined prediabetes to normoglycaemia (24.5 vs 22.9 per 1000 person-years, p = 0.962). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Most people with HbA1c-defined prediabetes remained prediabetic or progressed to diabetes during 5 years of follow-up. In contrast, reversion to normoglycaemia was frequent among people with FPG- or 2hPG-defined prediabetes. Only reversion from 2hPG-defined prediabetes to normoglycaemia was associated with a reduction in future risk of CVD and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte Vistisen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Leigh Perreault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adam Hulman
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Adam Tabák
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- The Research Department for Health and Morbidity in the Population, Southern Denmark University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
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13
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Hulman A, Wagner R, Vistisen D, Færch K, Balkau B, Manco M, Golay A, Häring HU, Heni M, Fritsche A, Witte DR. Glucose Measurements at Various Time Points During the OGTT and Their Role in Capturing Glucose Response Patterns. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:e56-e57. [PMID: 30692243 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hulman
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark .,Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Róbert Wagner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Beverley Balkau
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, University Paris-South, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles-St. Quentin, Versailles, France.,INSERM U1018, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Unit for Multi-factorial Diseases, Obesity and Diabetes, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital,Rome, Italy
| | - Alain Golay
- Division of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease, and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
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