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Tirado-Garibay AC, Ruiz-Barcenas B, Rescala-Ponce de León JI, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE. The GPR30 Receptor Is Involved in IL-6-Induced Metastatic Properties of MCF-7 Luminal Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8988. [PMID: 39201674 PMCID: PMC11354767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Luminal breast cancer has a high incidence worldwide and poses a severe health threat. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) is activated by 17β-estradiol (E2), and its overexpression promotes cancerous characteristics. Luminal breast cancer is an epithelial type; however, the cytokine IL-6, secreted by cells within the tumor microenvironment, stimulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes metastasis. Also, IL-6 decreases ER-α levels, favoring the tamoxifen (TMX) resistance development. However, genes under E2 regulation continue to be expressed even though this receptor is absent. GPR30 is an alternative E2 receptor present in both luminal and aggressive triple-negative breast cancer and is related to TMX resistance and cancer progression. The roles of GPR30 and IL-6 in metastasis have been individually established; however, their interplay remains unexplored. This study aims to elucidate the role of GPR30 in IL-6-induced metastatic properties of MCF-7 luminal breast cancer cells. Results showed that GPR30 contributes to the E2-induced MCF-7 proliferation because its inhibition with the antagonist G15 and the Pertussis toxin (PTX) reduced it. Besides, GPR30 upregulated vimentin and downregulated E-cadherin levels in MCF-7 and TMX-resistant (R-TMX) cells and is also involved in the IL-6-induced migration, invasion, and TMX resistance in MCF-7 cells. In addition, in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative cells, both basal and IL-6-induced metastatic properties were related to GPR30 activity. These results indicate that the GPR30 receptor regulates the EMT induced by IL-6 in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joel E. López-Meza
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58893, Michoacán, Mexico; (A.C.T.-G.); (B.R.-B.); (J.I.R.-P.d.L.); (A.O.-Z.)
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Żabińska M, Wiśniewska K, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Exploring the physiological role of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and its associations with human diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107070. [PMID: 38733757 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen is a group of hormones that collaborate with the nervous system to impact the overall well-being of all genders. It influences many processes, including those occurring in the central nervous system, affecting learning and memory, and playing roles in neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. The hormone's action is mediated by specific receptors. Significant roles of classical estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, in various diseases were known since many years, but after identifying a structurally and locationally distinct receptor, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), its role in human physiology and pathophysiology was investigated. This review compiles GPER-related information, highlighting its impact on homeostasis and diseases, while putting special attention on functions and dysfunctions of this receptor in neurobiology and biobehavioral processes. Understanding the receptor modulation possibilities is essential for therapy, as disruptions in receptors can lead to diseases or disorders, irrespective of correct estrogen levels. We conclude that studies on the GPER receptor have the potential to develop therapies that regulate estrogen and positively impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żabińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Karolina Wiśniewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
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Dong H, Zeng X, Xu J, He C, Sun Z, Liu L, Huang Y, Sun Z, Cao Y, Peng Z, Qiu YA, Yu T. Advances in immune regulation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112369. [PMID: 38824903 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen and related receptors have been shown to have a significant impact on human development, reproduction, metabolism and immune regulation and to play a critical role in tumor development and treatment. Traditionally, the nuclear estrogen receptors (nERs) ERα and ERβ have been thought to be involved in mediating the estrogenic effects. However, our group and others have previously demonstrated that the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is the third independent ER, and estrogen signaling mediated by GPER is known to play an important role in normal physiology and a variety of abnormal diseases. Interestingly, recent studies have progressively revealed GPER involvement in the maintenance of the normal immune system, abnormal immune diseases, and inflammatory lesions, which may be of significant clinical value primarily in the immunotherapy of tumors. In this article, we review current advances in GPER-related immunomodulators and provide a theoretical basis and potential clinical targets to ameliorate immune-related diseases and immunotherapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zeng
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Chongwu He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Zhengkui Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Yanxiao Huang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- Department of Lymphohematology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang 330029, China.
| | - Yu-An Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang 330029, China.
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang 330029, China.
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Prestegui Martel B, Chávez-Blanco AD, Domínguez-Gómez G, Dueñas González A, Gaona-Aguas P, Flores-Mejía R, Somilleda-Ventura SA, Rodríguez-Cortes O, Morales-Bárcena R, Martínez Muñoz A, Mejia Barradas CM, Mendieta Wejebe JE, Correa Basurto J. N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA) Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells, Decreasing GPER Expression. Molecules 2024; 29:3509. [PMID: 39124913 PMCID: PMC11314247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we performed anti-proliferative assays for the compound N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA) on breast cancer (BC) cells (MCF-7, SKBR3, and triple-negative BC (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells) to explore its pharmacological mechanism regarding the type of cell death associated with G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression. The results show that HO-AAVPA induces cell apoptosis at 5 h or 48 h in either estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) or -independent BC cells (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231). At 5 h, the apoptosis rate for MCF-7 cells was 68.4% and that for MDA-MB-231 cells was 56.1%; at 48 h, that for SKBR3 was 61.6%, that for MCF-7 cells was 54.9%, and that for MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) was 43.1%. HO-AAVPA increased the S phase in MCF-7 cells and reduced the G2/M phase in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. GPER expression decreased more than VPA in the presence of HO-AAVPA. In conclusion, the effects of HO-AAVPA on cell apoptosis could be modulated by epigenetic effects through a decrease in GPER expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Prestegui Martel
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, México; (B.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (C.M.M.B.)
| | - Alma Delia Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, México; (A.D.C.-B.); (G.D.-G.); (A.D.G.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, México; (A.D.C.-B.); (G.D.-G.); (A.D.G.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Alfonso Dueñas González
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, México; (A.D.C.-B.); (G.D.-G.); (A.D.G.); (R.M.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Patricia Gaona-Aguas
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, México; (P.G.-A.); (R.F.-M.); (O.R.-C.)
| | - Raúl Flores-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, México; (P.G.-A.); (R.F.-M.); (O.R.-C.)
| | - Selma Alin Somilleda-Ventura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Fundación Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Luz I.A.P., Ezequiel Montes 135, Tabacalera, Ciudad de México 06030, México;
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CICS-IPN), Ciudad de México 11340, México
| | - Octavio Rodríguez-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, México; (P.G.-A.); (R.F.-M.); (O.R.-C.)
| | - Rocío Morales-Bárcena
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, México; (A.D.C.-B.); (G.D.-G.); (A.D.G.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Alberto Martínez Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, México; (B.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (C.M.M.B.)
| | - Cesar Miguel Mejia Barradas
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, México; (B.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (C.M.M.B.)
| | - Jessica Elena Mendieta Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, México; (B.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (C.M.M.B.)
| | - José Correa Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, México; (B.P.M.); (A.M.M.); (C.M.M.B.)
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Saffar H, Abdan L, Abdan Z, Hekmat H, Amirzadegan A, Omidi N. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in the context of tamoxifen; Is there any correlation? Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9140. [PMID: 38974182 PMCID: PMC11224767 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Clinicians should consider spontaneous coronary artery dissection in middle-aged women presenting with acute coronary syndromes and a history of tamoxifen use, to ensure timely diagnosis, and appropriate management strategies. Abstract Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is characterized by a non-iatrogenic, nontraumatic separation of the coronary artery wall, contributing to acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and sudden cardiac death. SCAD predominantly affects the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and is frequently observed in middle-aged women. This condition has been associated with cancer treatment and exogenous hormones exposure. The diagnostic gold standard remains coronary angiography, management strategies include conservative measures, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). We describe a case of a 54-year-old woman with breast cancer and a history of tamoxifen use, presenting with SCAD in the posterolateral branch (PLB) originating from the left circumflex artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA) and managed conservatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homina Saffar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Leili Abdan
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zahra Abdan
- Clinical Research Development CenterImam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Hamidreza Hekmat
- School of Medicine, baharloo Hospital, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alireza Amirzadegan
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Negar Omidi
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
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6
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Yan S, Ji J, Zhang Z, Imam M, Chen H, Zhang D, Wang J. Targeting the crosstalk between estrogen receptors and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer treatment: Advances and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116615. [PMID: 38663101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play a critical role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor are the primary receptors for estrogen in breast cancer. These receptors are mainly activated by binding with estrogens. The crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors creates additional pathways that amplify the effects of their ligands and promote tumor growth. This crosstalk may cause endocrine therapy resistance in ERα-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, this may explain the resistance to anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) treatment in ERα-/HER2-positive breast cancer and chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand the complex crosstalk between ERs and growth factor receptors. In this review, we delineate the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer. Moreover, this review highlights the current progress in clinical treatment and discusses how pharmaceuticals target the crosstalk. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and propose potential solutions regarding the implications of targeting crosstalk via pharmacological inhibition. Overall, the present review provides a landscape of the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer, along with valuable insights for future studies and clinical treatments using a chemotherapy-sparing regimen to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Jiale Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Murshid Imam
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
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Zhang D, Chen H, Wang J, Ji J, Imam M, Zhang Z, Yan S. Current progress and prospects for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1338448. [PMID: 38476263 PMCID: PMC10928007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1338448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a crucial role in mediating the effect of estrogen and estrogen-like compounds in TNBC cells. Compared with other subtypes, GPER has a higher expression in TNBC. The GPER mechanisms have been thoroughly characterized and analyzed in estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer, but not in TNBC. Our previous work revealed that a higher expression of GPER mRNA indicates a better prognosis for ERα-positive breast cancer; however, its effects in TNBC differ. Whether GPER could serve as a predictive prognostic marker or therapeutic target for TNBC remains unclear. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction to the subcellular localization of GPER, the different effects of various ligands, and the interactions between GPER and closely associated factors in TNBC. We focused on the internal molecular mechanisms specific to TNBC and thoroughly explored the role of GPER in promoting tumor development. We also discussed the interaction of GPER with specific cytokines and chemokines, and the relationship between GPER and immune evasion. Additionally, we discussed the feasibility of using GPER as a therapeutic target in the context of existing studies. This comprehensive review highlights the effects of GPER on TNBC, providing a framework and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Boretto C, Actis C, Faris P, Cordero F, Beccuti M, Ferrero G, Muzio G, Moccia F, Autelli R. Tamoxifen Activates Transcription Factor EB and Triggers Protective Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells by Inducing Lysosomal Calcium Release: A Gateway to the Onset of Endocrine Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:458. [PMID: 38203629 PMCID: PMC10779225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the several mechanisms accounting for endocrine resistance in breast cancer, autophagy has emerged as an important player. Previous reports have evidenced that tamoxifen (Tam) induces autophagy and activates transcription factor EB (TFEB), which regulates the expression of genes controlling autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated as yet. This investigation aims at dissecting how TFEB is activated and contributes to Tam resistance in luminal A breast cancer cells. TFEB was overexpressed and prominently nuclear in Tam-resistant MCF7 cells (MCF7-TamR) compared with their parental counterpart, and this was not dependent on alterations of its nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. Tam promoted the release of lysosomal Ca2+ through the major transient receptor potential cation channel mucolipin subfamily member 1 (TRPML1) and two-pore channels (TPCs), which caused the nuclear translocation and activation of TFEB. Consistently, inhibiting lysosomal calcium release restored the susceptibility of MCF7-TamR cells to Tam. Our findings demonstrate that Tam drives the nuclear relocation and transcriptional activation of TFEB by triggering the release of Ca2+ from the acidic compartment, and they suggest that lysosomal Ca2+ channels may represent new druggable targets to counteract the onset of autophagy-mediated endocrine resistance in luminal A breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Boretto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Actis
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Pawan Faris
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Beccuti
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Autelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.B.); (C.A.); (G.F.); (G.M.)
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Boscaro C, Ramaschi GE, Trevisi L, Cignarella A, Bolego C. MiR-206 inhibits estrogen signaling and ovarian cancer cell migration without affecting GPER. Life Sci 2023; 333:122135. [PMID: 37778413 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Estrogen-regulated pathways are involved in the etiology and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but the relative contribution of estrogen receptor isoforms is unclear. Only a subset of patients responds to antiestrogens including tamoxifen. Based on our previous evidence that miR-206 behaves as an oncosuppressor in EOC, we hypothesized that miR-206 would interfere with G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)-mediated signaling and cell motility. MAIN METHODS PFKFB3 and FAK proteins from OC cells challenged with selective estrogen receptor agonist and antagonist were measured by Western blotting. Cell proliferation and motility were analyzed by MTT and Boyden chamber, respectively. Estrogen-dependent cells were transfected with miR-206 mimic or control using Lipofectamine. KEY FINDINGS The migration of SKOV3 and OVCAR5 cells significantly increased following treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) and the selective GPER agonist G1. However, tamoxifen failed to inhibit E2 effect and even promoted SKOV3 cell migration. Estrogen receptor ligands did not affect SKOV3 proliferation. The GPER antagonist G15 significantly prevented E2-mediated upregulation of PFKFB3 expression, while G1 concentration-dependently upregulated PFKFB3 levels. Consistent with the functional link between PFKFB3 and FAK activation, E2 and G1 increased FAK phosphorylation at Tyr397. Transfection with miR-206 abolished estrogen-induced EOC migration and down-regulated PFKFB3 protein levels. Notably, miR-206 transfection reduced ERα protein abundance, whereas GPER amount was unchanged. SIGNIFICANCE By blocking estrogen signaling and G1-induced EOC cell invasiveness with no direct interference with GPER levels, miR-206 mimics have the potential to act as pathway-selective antagonists and deserve further testing as RNA therapeutics in estrogen-dependent EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucia Trevisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bolego
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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10
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Loris J, Hanesch L, Bauerschmitz G, Gallwas J, Gründker C. Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) Reduces Progression of Vulvar Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13705. [PMID: 37762008 PMCID: PMC10530864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depends in part on tumor entity. Little is known about the function of GPER1 in vulvar carcinoma. In this work, we aim to clarify what role GPER1 plays in vulvar cancer, tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive. Localization of GPER1 in A431 and CAL-39 vulvar carcinoma cells was examined by immunofluorescence. Using a tissue microarray of vulvar neoplasias, the correlation between GPER1 expression and grade of malignancy was investigated. A431 and CAL-39 cells were treated either with GPER1 agonist G1 or antagonist G36. Proliferation was quantified by BrdU assay and viability examined using Resazurin assay. Morphological changes were analyzed by microscopy and measured using ImageJ. Cell migration was analyzed by gap closure assay. Clonogenic potential was tested by colony and sphere formation. Expression of estrogen receptors was examined by Western blot. GPER1 was found consistently expressed in vulvar neoplasia tissues. The immune-reactive score was found to be significantly higher in tissue samples of lymph node metastases and neoplasias with grade 3. In A431 and CAL-39 vulvar carcinoma cells, GPER1 expression was mainly found in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Treatment of A431 and CAL-39 cells with GPER1 agonist G1 resulted in a decrease in proliferation and migration. In addition, colony formation and tumor sphere formation were reduced. Furthermore, morphological signs of necrosis and reduction in cell viability after G1 treatment were observed. The GPER1 antagonist G36 did not have significant effects on vulvar carcinoma cells. Neither agonist G1 nor antagonist G36 treatment resulted in altered expression of estrogen receptors. Activation of GPER1 with GPER1 agonist G1 reduces the tumorigenic potential of the vulvar carcinoma cells. It can be deduced from this that GPER1 appears to have a tumor-suppressive effect in vulvar carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.L.); (L.H.); (G.B.); (J.G.)
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11
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GPER-mediated stabilization of HIF-1α contributes to upregulated aerobic glycolysis in tamoxifen-resistant cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:184-197. [PMID: 36400971 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a first-line therapeutic drug for oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer; however, like other therapeutics, its clinical use is limited by acquired resistance. Tamoxifen-resistant cells have demonstrated enhanced aerobic glycolysis; however, the mechanisms underlying this upregulation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that G-protein coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) was involved in the upregulation of aerobic glycolysis via induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and transcriptional activity in tamoxifen-resistant cells. Additionally, GPER stabilized HIF-1α through inhibiting its hydroxylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation, which were associated with upregulation of C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), downregulation of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) and von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein (pVHL), induction of HIF-1α/UCH-L1 interaction, and suppression of HIF-1α/PHD2-pVHL association. The GPER/HIF-1α axis was functionally responsible for regulating tamoxifen sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between GPER and HIF-1α expression in clinical breast cancer tissues, and high levels of GPER combined with nuclear HIF-1α indicated poor overall survival. High levels of the GPER/HIF-1α axis were also correlated with shorter relapse-free survival in patients receiving tamoxifen. Hence, our findings support a critical role of GPER/HIF-1α axis in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in tamoxifen-resistant cells, offering a potential therapeutic target for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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12
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Muhammad A, Forcados GE, Yusuf AP, Abubakar MB, Sadiq IZ, Elhussin I, Siddique MAT, Aminu S, Suleiman RB, Abubakar YS, Katsayal BS, Yates CC, Mahavadi S. Comparative G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Systems in Diabetic and Cancer Conditions: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248943. [PMID: 36558071 PMCID: PMC9786783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For many patients, diabetes Mellitus and Malignancy are frequently encountered comorbidities. Diabetes affects approximately 10.5% of the global population, while malignancy accounts for 29.4 million cases each year. These troubling statistics indicate that current treatment approaches for these diseases are insufficient. Alternative therapeutic strategies that consider unique signaling pathways in diabetic and malignancy patients could provide improved therapeutic outcomes. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is receiving attention for its role in disease pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. This review aims to critically examine GPER' s comparative role in diabetes mellitus and malignancy, identify research gaps that need to be filled, and highlight GPER's potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes and malignancy management. There is a scarcity of data on GPER expression patterns in diabetic models; however, for diabetes mellitus, altered expression of transport and signaling proteins has been linked to GPER signaling. In contrast, GPER expression in various malignancy types appears to be complex and debatable at the moment. Current data show inconclusive patterns of GPER expression in various malignancies, with some indicating upregulation and others demonstrating downregulation. Further research should be conducted to investigate GPER expression patterns and their relationship with signaling pathways in diabetes mellitus and various malignancies. We conclude that GPER has therapeutic potential for chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | | | - Abdurrahman Pharmacy Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna P.M.B. 65, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2254, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research & Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2254, Nigeria
| | - Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Md Abu Talha Siddique
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Rabiatu Bako Suleiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Babangida Sanusi Katsayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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13
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Hanusek K, Karczmarski J, Litwiniuk A, Urbańska K, Ambrozkiewicz F, Kwiatkowski A, Martyńska L, Domańska A, Bik W, Paziewska A. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer-The Role of miRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415683. [PMID: 36555323 PMCID: PMC9779381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed among women in the world, with an ever-increasing incidence rate. Due to the dynamic increase in the occurrence of risk factors, including obesity and related metabolic disorders, the search for new regulatory mechanisms is necessary. This will help a complete understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The review presents the mechanisms of obesity as a factor that increases the risk of developing breast cancer and that even initiates the cancer process in the female population. The mechanisms presented in the paper relate to the inflammatory process resulting from current or progressive obesity leading to cell metabolism disorders and disturbed hormonal metabolism. All these processes are widely regulated by the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), which may constitute potential biomarkers influencing the pathogenesis of breast cancer and may be a promising target of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hanusek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Urbańska
- Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Ambrozkiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kwiatkowski
- Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Martyńska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Domańska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
- Correspondence:
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14
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Li X, He S, Xiao H, He TT, Zhang JD, Luo ZR, Ma JZ, Yin YL, Luo L, Cao LY. Neonicotinoid insecticides promote breast cancer progression via G protein-coupled estrogen receptor: In vivo, in vitro and in silico studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107568. [PMID: 36240625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs) have been widely detected in environmental media and human body with concentrations reaching hundreds of nanomolar to micromolar levels. However, the information about their human health toxicology and mechanism is deficient. Previous studies have implied that NIs might exert estrogenic disruption and promote breast cancer progression, but the molecular mechanism is unclear, especially the molecular initiating event. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), as a candidate therapeutic target, plays vital roles in the development of breast cancer. This work aimed to reveal the potential mechanism through GPER pathway. Firstly, we screened the activities of seven most common NIs on GPER signal pathway by calcium mobilization assay. Clothianidin, acetamiprid (ACE), and dinotefuran activated GPER most potently and ACE displayed the highest agonistic activity with the lowest observed effective concentration (LOEC) of 1 μM. The molecular docking and dynamics simulation showed favored interaction trend between the NIs and GPER. The three NIs with GPER activity induced 4T1 breast cancer cells migration and ACE showed the highest potency with LOEC of 100 nM. ACE also induced 4T1 cells proliferation at high concentration of 50 μM and up-regulated GPER expression in a dose-dependent manner. We speculated that both the induction effects of ACE on 4T1 cells proliferation and migration might be owing to the activation and up-regulation of GPER. By using 4T1-Luc cells injected orthotopic tumor model, we found that ACE also promoted in-situ breast cancer growth and lung metastasis in normal mouse dependent on GPER. However, ACE only promoted in-situ breast cancer growth through GPER but not lung metastasis in ovariectomized mice, implying that the ACE-induced lung metastasis should be related to endogenous estrogen from ovary. Overall, we demonstrated that NIs promoted breast cancer progression via GPER pathway at human related exposure levels and their female health risks need urgent concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sen He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting-Ting He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jia-Da Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zi-Rui Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie-Zhi Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin-Ying Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 1, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China.
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15
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Segovia-Mendoza M, Mirzaei E, Prado-Garcia H, Miranda LD, Figueroa A, Lemini C. The Interplay of GPER1 with 17β-Aminoestrogens in the Regulation of the Proliferation of Cervical and Breast Cancer Cells: A Pharmacological Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12361. [PMID: 36231664 PMCID: PMC9566056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor for estrogen (GPER1) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the progression and development of various neoplasms whose ligand is estradiol (E2). 17β-aminoestrogens (17β-AEs) compounds, analogs to E2, are possible candidates for use in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but our knowledge of their pharmacological profile is limited. Thus, we explored the molecular recognition of GPER1 with different synthetic 17β-AEs: prolame, butolame, and pentolame. We compared the structure and ligand recognition sites previously reported for a specific agonist (G1), antagonists (G15 and G36), and the natural ligand (E2). Then, the biological effects of 17β-AEs were analyzed through cell viability and cell-cycle assays in two types of female cancer. In addition, the effect of 17β-AEs on the phosphorylation of the oncoprotein c-fos was evaluated, because this molecule is modulated by GPER1. Molecular docking analysis showed that 17β-AEs interacted with GPER1, suggesting that prolame joins GPER1 in a hydrophobic cavity, similarly to G1, G15, and E2. Prolame induced cell proliferation in breast (MCF-7) and cervical cancer (SIHA) cells; meanwhile, butolame and pentolame did not affect cell proliferation. Neither 17β-AEs nor E2 changed the activation of c-fos in MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile, in SIHA cells, E2 and 17β-AEs reduced c-fos phosphorylation. Thus, our data suggest that butolame and pentolame, but not prolame, could be used for HRT without presenting a potential risk of inducing breast- or cervical-cancer-cell proliferation. The novelty of this work lies in its study of compound analogs to E2 that may represent important therapeutic strategies for women in menopause, with non-significant effects on the cell viability of cancer cells. The research focused on the interactions of GPER1, a molecule recently associated with promoting and maintaining various neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Elahe Mirzaei
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Onco-Inmunobiologia, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis D. Miranda
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S.N., Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Cristina Lemini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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16
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Li K, Zong D, Sun J, Chen D, Ma M, Jia L. Rewiring of the Endocrine Network in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830894. [PMID: 35847875 PMCID: PMC9280148 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunohistochemical definition of estrogen/progesterone receptors dictates endocrine feasibility in the treatment course of breast cancer. Characterized by the deficiency of estrogen receptor α, ERα-negative breast cancers are dissociated from any endocrine regimens in the routine clinical setting, triple-negative breast cancer in particular. However, the stereotype was challenged by triple-negative breast cancers’ retained sensitivity and vulnerability to endocrine agents. The interplay of hormone action and the carcinogenic signaling program previously underscored was gradually recognized along with the increasing investigation. In parallel, the overlooked endocrine-responsiveness in ERα-negative breast cancers attracted attention and supplied fresh insight into the therapeutic strategy in an ERα-independent manner. This review elaborates on the genomic and non-genomic steroid hormone actions and endocrine-related signals in triple-negative breast cancers attached to the hormone insensitivity label. We also shed light on the non-canonical mechanism detected in common hormone agents to showcase their pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jianrong Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Danxiang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minkai Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, The Fourth Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jia,
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17
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Gutiérrez‑Almeida C, Santerre A, León‑Moreno L, Aguilar‑García I, Castañeda‑Arellano R, Dueñas‑Jiménez S, Dueñas‑jiménez J. Proliferation and apoptosis regulation by G protein‑coupled estrogen receptor in glioblastoma C6 cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:217. [PMID: 35720489 PMCID: PMC9178726 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Coral Gutiérrez‑Almeida
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anne Santerre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, 45510 Jalisc, Mexico
| | - Lilia León‑Moreno
- Department of Neuroscience, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Irene Aguilar‑García
- Department of Neuroscience, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rolando Castañeda‑Arellano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Tonala, 45425 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sergio Dueñas‑Jiménez
- Department of Neuroscience, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Judith Dueñas‑jiménez
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340 Jalisco, Mexico
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18
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Investigation of the Antitumor Effects of Tamoxifen and Its Ferrocene-Linked Derivatives on Pancreatic and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030314. [PMID: 35337112 PMCID: PMC8950591 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a long-known anti-tumor drug, which is the gold standard therapy in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer patients. According to previous studies, the conjugation of the original tamoxifen molecule with different functional groups can significantly improve its antitumor effect. The purpose of this research was to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity of different ferrocene-linked tamoxifen derivates. Tamoxifen and its ferrocene-linked derivatives, T5 and T15 were tested in PANC1, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cells, where the incorporation of the ferrocene group improved the cytotoxicity on all cell lines. PANC1, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 express ERα and GPER1 (G-protein coupled ER 1). However, ERβ is only expressed by MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Tamoxifen is a known agonist of GPER1, a receptor that can promote tumor progression. Analysis of the protein expression profile showed that while being cytotoxic, tamoxifen elevated the levels of different tumor growth-promoting factors (e.g., Bcl-XL, Survivin, EGFR, Cathepsins, chemokines). On the other hand, the ferrocene-linked derivates were able to lower these proteins. Further analysis showed that the ferrocene-linked derivatives significantly elevated the cellular oxidative stress compared to tamoxifen treatment. In conclusion, we were able to find two molecules possessing better cytotoxicity compared to their unmodified parent molecule while also being able to counter the negative effects of the presence of the GPER1 through the ER-independent mechanism of oxidative stress induction.
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19
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Molecular Characterization of Membrane Steroid Receptors in Hormone-Sensitive Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112999. [PMID: 34831222 PMCID: PMC8616056 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, and its development is a result of the complex interaction of genetic factors, environmental cues, and aging. Hormone-sensitive cancers depend on the action of one or more hormones for their development and progression. Sex steroids and corticosteroids can regulate different physiological functions, including metabolism, growth, and proliferation, through their interaction with specific nuclear receptors, that can transcriptionally regulate target genes via their genomic actions. Therefore, interference with hormones’ activities, e.g., deregulation of their production and downstream pathways or the exposition to exogenous hormone-active substances such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can affect the regulation of their correlated pathways and trigger the neoplastic transformation. Although nuclear receptors account for most hormone-related biologic effects and their slow genomic responses are well-studied, less-known membrane receptors are emerging for their ability to mediate steroid hormones effects through the activation of rapid non-genomic responses also involved in the development of hormone-sensitive cancers. This review aims to collect pre-clinical and clinical data on these extranuclear receptors not only to draw attention to their emerging role in cancer development and progression but also to highlight their dual role as tumor microenvironment players and potential candidate drug targets.
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20
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Carcinogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Sex Steroid Hormones. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112588. [PMID: 34070471 PMCID: PMC8197527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks all of three treatment targets (estrogen receptor-α, ER-α; progesterone receptor, PgR; and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2) and is usually associated with a poor clinical outcome; however, several sex steroid receptors, such as androgen receptor (AR), ER-β, and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor, are frequently expressed and their biological and clinical importance has been suggested. Despite the structural similarity between sex steroid hormones (androgens and estrogens) or receptors (AR and ER-β), similar signaling mechanisms of these hormones, and the coexistence of these hormones and their receptors in TNBC in a clinical setting, most studies or reviews focused on only one of these receptors, and rarely reviewed them in a comprehensive way. In this review, the carcinogenic or pathobiological role of sex steroid hormones in TNBC is considered, focusing on common and differing features of hormone actions. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks an effective treatment target and is usually associated with a poor clinical outcome; however, hormone unresponsiveness, which is the most important biological characteristic of TNBC, only means the lack of nuclear estrogenic signaling through the classical estrogen receptor (ER), ER-α. Several sex steroid receptors other than ER-α: androgen receptor (AR), second ER, ER-β, and non-nuclear receptors represented by G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), are frequently expressed in TNBC and their biological and clinical importance has been suggested by a large number of studies. Despite the structural similarity between each sex steroid hormone (androgens and estrogens) or each receptor (AR and ER-β), and similarity in the signaling mechanisms of these hormones, most studies or reviews focused on one of these receptors, and rarely reviewed them in a comprehensive way. Considering the coexistence of these hormones and their receptors in TNBC in a clinical setting, a comprehensive viewpoint would be important to correctly understand the association between the carcinogenic mechanism or pathobiology of TNBC and sex steroid hormones. In this review, the carcinogenic or pathobiological role of sex steroid hormones in TNBC is considered, focusing on the common and divergent features of the action of these hormones.
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Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Méndez-Ruette M, Ortloff A, Luz-Crawford P, Rivera FJ, Figueroa CD, Molina L, Bátiz LF. The Impact of Estrogen and Estrogen-Like Molecules in Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration: Beneficial or Harmful? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:636176. [PMID: 33762910 PMCID: PMC7984366 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.636176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and estrogen-like molecules can modify the biology of several cell types. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, while the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) represents a non-classical estrogen receptor mainly located in the plasma membrane. As estrogen receptors are ubiquitously distributed, they can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in several tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Estrogens can exert neuroprotective roles by acting as anti-oxidants, promoting DNA repair, inducing the expression of growth factors, and modulating cerebral blood flow. Additionally, estrogen-dependent signaling pathways are involved in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), thus influencing neurogenic processes. Since several estrogen-based therapies are used nowadays and estrogen-like molecules, including phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens, are omnipresent in our environment, estrogen-dependent changes in cell biology and tissue homeostasis have gained attention in human health and disease. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the current knowledge of estrogen and estrogen-like molecules and their impact on cell survival and neurodegeneration, as well as their role in NSPCs proliferation/differentiation balance and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maxs Méndez-Ruette
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Ortloff
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carlos D Figueroa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Bátiz
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Lu AS, Rouhimoghadam M, Arnatt C, Filardo EJ, Salem AK. Proteolytic Targeting Chimeras with Specificity for Plasma Membrane and Intracellular Estrogen Receptors. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1455-1469. [PMID: 33600191 PMCID: PMC9671096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Decisions regarding the assignment of hormonal therapy for breast cancer are based solely upon the presence of nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) in biopsied tumor tissue. This is despite the fact that the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is linked to advanced breast cancer and is required for breast cancer stem cell survival, an observation that suggests that effective endocrine therapy should also target this receptor. Here, two ER/GPER-targeting proteolytic chimeras (UI-EP001 and UI-EP002) are described that effectively degrade ERα, ERβ, and GPER. These chimeras form high-affinity interactions with GPER and ER with binding dissociation constants of ∼30 nM and 10-20 nM, respectively. Plasma membrane and intracellular GPER and nuclear ER were degraded by UI-EP001 and UI-EP002, but not by a partial proteolytic targeting chimera (PROTAC) lacking its estrogen-targeting domain. Pretreatment of cells with the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, blocked UI-EP001 and UI-EP002 proteolysis, while the lysosomotrophic inhibitor, chloroquine, had no effect. The off-target activity was not observed against recombinant β1-adrenergic receptor or CXCR4. Target specificity was further demonstrated in human MCF-7 cells where both drugs effectively degraded ERα, ERβ, and GPER, sparing the progesterone receptor (PR). UI-EP001 and UI-EP002 induced cytotoxicity and G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 breast cancer and human SKBR3 (ERα-ERβ-GPER+) breast cancer cells but not human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that do not express functional GPER/ER. These results suggest that it is possible to develop a receptor-based strategy of antiestrogen treatment for breast cancer that targets both plasma membrane and intracellular estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh S. Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Milad Rouhimoghadam
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA 52242
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA 52242
| | - Christopher Arnatt
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 63104
| | - Edward J. Filardo
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA 52242
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA 52242
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA 52242
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