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Chen S, Li Q, Shi H, Li F, Duan Y, Guo Q. New insights into the role of mitochondrial dynamics in oxidative stress-induced diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117084. [PMID: 39088967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative stress (OS), which can induce gene mutations, protein denaturation, and lipid peroxidation directly or indirectly. The expression is reduced ATP level in cells, increased cytoplasmic Ca2+, inflammation, and so on. Consequently, ROS are recognized as significant risk factors for human aging and various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are involved in the production of ROS through the respiratory chain. Abnormal mitochondrial characteristics, including mitochondrial OS, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy, play an important role in various tissues. However, previous excellent reviews focused on OS-induced diseases. In this review, we focus on the latest progress of OS-induced mitochondrial dynamics, discuss OS-induced mitochondrial damage-related diseases, and summarize the OS-induced mitochondrial dynamics-related signaling pathways. Additionally, it elaborates on potential therapeutic methods aimed at preventing oxidative stress from further exacerbating mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanjing Shi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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2
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Jun L, Tao YX, Geetha T, Babu JR. Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:500-515. [PMID: 38976215 PMCID: PMC11327216 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The global obesity epidemic has become a major public health concern, necessitating comprehensive research into its adverse effects on various tissues within the human body. Among these tissues, skeletal muscle has gained attention due to its susceptibility to obesity-related alterations. Mitochondria are primary source of energy production in the skeletal muscle. Healthy skeletal muscle maintains constant mitochondrial content through continuous cycle of synthesis and degradation. However, obesity has been shown to disrupt this intricate balance. This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of obesity on skeletal muscle mitochondria structure and function. In addition, we summarize the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial quality control systems and how obesity impacts these systems. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings show various interventions aimed at mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction in obese model, encompassing strategies including caloric restriction and various dietary compounds. Obesity has deleterious effect on skeletal muscle mitochondria by disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Caloric restriction, omega-3 fatty acids, resveratrol, and other dietary compounds enhance mitochondrial function and present promising therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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3
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Tang S, Hao D, Ma W, Liu L, Gao J, Yao P, Yu H, Gan L, Cao Y. Dysfunctional Mitochondria Clearance in Situ: Mitophagy in Obesity and Diabetes-Associated Cardiometabolic Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:503-517. [PMID: 38356350 PMCID: PMC11307117 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several mitochondrial dysfunctions in obesity and diabetes include impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, reduced mitochondrial DNA, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ flux, and mitochondrial dynamics disorders. Mitophagy, specialized autophagy, is responsible for clearing dysfunctional mitochondria in physiological and pathological conditions. As a paradox, inhibition and activation of mitophagy have been observed in obesity and diabetes-related heart disorders, with both exerting bidirectional effects. Suppressed mitophagy is beneficial to mitochondrial homeostasis, also known as benign mitophagy. On the contrary, in most cases, excessive mitophagy is harmful to dysfunctional mitochondria elimination and thus is defined as detrimental mitophagy. In obesity and diabetes, two classical pathways appear to regulate mitophagy, including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent mitophagy and receptors/adapters-dependent mitophagy. After the pharmacologic interventions of mitophagy, mitochondrial morphology and function have been restored, and cell viability has been further improved. Herein, we summarize the mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy alterations in obesity and diabetes, as well as the underlying upstream mechanisms, in order to provide novel therapeutic strategies for the obesity and diabetes-related heart disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Hao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuyu Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifang Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Tincknell JB, Kugler BA, Spicuzza H, Berger N, Yan H, You T, Zou K. High-intensity interval training attenuates impairment in regulatory protein machinery of mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:236-249. [PMID: 37852013 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control processes are essential in governing mitochondrial integrity and function. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the regulatory protein machinery of skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality control and whole-body glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) group. After 10 weeks, HFD-fed mice were divided into sedentary and HIIT (HFD + HIIT) groups for another 10 weeks (n = 9/group). Graded exercise test, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, mitochondrial respiration, and protein markers of mitochondrial quality control processes were determined. HFD-fed mice exhibited lower ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.05). However, 10 weeks of HIIT prevented this impairment (p < 0.05). Importantly, the ratio of Drp1(Ser616) over Drp1(Ser637) phosphorylation, an indicator of mitochondrial fission, was significantly higher in HFD-fed mice (p < 0.05), but such increase was attenuated in HFD-HIIT compared to HFD (-35.7%, p < 0.05). Regarding autophagy, skeletal muscle p62 content was lower in the HFD group than the LFD group (-35.1%, p < 0.05); however, such reduction was disappeared in the HFD + HIIT group. In addition, LC3B II/I ratio was higher in the HFD group than the LFD group (15.5%, p < 0.05) but was ameliorated in the HFD + HIIT group (-29.9%, p < 0.05). Overall, our study demonstrated that 10 weeks of HIIT was effective in improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and the regulatory protein machinery of mitochondrial quality control in diet-induced obese mice through the alterations of mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 phosphorylations and p62/LC3B-mediated regulatory machinery of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Tincknell
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Haley Spicuzza
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Nicolas Berger
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Huimin Yan
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Tongjian You
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Kai Zou
- Department of Exercise and Health SciencesManning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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5
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Veluthakal R, Esparza D, Hoolachan JM, Balakrishnan R, Ahn M, Oh E, Jayasena CS, Thurmond DC. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inter-Organ Miscommunications in T2D Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1504. [PMID: 38338783 PMCID: PMC10855860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogenous disease, and conventionally, peripheral insulin resistance (IR) was thought to precede islet β-cell dysfunction, promoting progression from prediabetes to T2D. New evidence suggests that T2D-lean individuals experience early β-cell dysfunction without significant IR. Regardless of the primary event (i.e., IR vs. β-cell dysfunction) that contributes to dysglycemia, significant early-onset oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple metabolic tissues may be a driver of T2D onset and progression. Oxidative stress, defined as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is mediated by hyperglycemia alone or in combination with lipids. Physiological oxidative stress promotes inter-tissue communication, while pathological oxidative stress promotes inter-tissue mis-communication, and new evidence suggests that this is mediated via extracellular vesicles (EVs), including mitochondria containing EVs. Under metabolic-related stress conditions, EV-mediated cross-talk between β-cells and skeletal muscle likely trigger mitochondrial anomalies leading to prediabetes and T2D. This article reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms in ROS-related pathogenesis of prediabetes, including mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics due to oxidative stress. Further, this review will describe the potential of various therapeutic avenues for attenuating oxidative damage, reversing prediabetes and preventing progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.E.); (J.M.H.); (R.B.); (M.A.); (E.O.); (C.S.J.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.E.); (J.M.H.); (R.B.); (M.A.); (E.O.); (C.S.J.)
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6
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Tian J, Fan J, Zhang T. Mitochondria as a target for exercise-mitigated type 2 diabetes. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:543-557. [PMID: 37874501 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of most common metabolic diseases and continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Although great efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetes, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Notably, overwhelming evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria are tightly correlated with the development of T2DM, and the defects of mitochondrial function in peripheral insulin-responsive tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue, are crucial drivers of T2DM. Furthermore, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus for improving insulin sensitivity and hence is regarded as the best strategy to prevent and treat T2DM. Although the precise mechanisms by which exercise alleviates T2DM are not fully understood, mitochondria may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Fan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Sadeghi A, Niknam M, Momeni-Moghaddam MA, Shabani M, Aria H, Bastin A, Teimouri M, Meshkani R, Akbari H. Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:456. [PMID: 37876013 PMCID: PMC10599071 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of insulin resistance requires better knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent secondary complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent evidence regarding the etiological mechanisms behind insulin resistance emphasizes the role of energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, both of which are closely regulated by autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains homeostasis in cells. Accordingly, autophagy abnormalities have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and CVDs. Thus, there may be a link between autophagy and insulin resistance. Therefore, the interaction between autophagy and insulin function will be examined in this review, particularly in insulin-responsive tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Bastin
- Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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8
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Batterson PM, McGowan EM, Borowik AK, Kinter MT, Miller BF, Newsom SA, Robinson MM. High-fat diet increases electron transfer flavoprotein synthesis and lipid respiration in skeletal muscle during exercise training in female mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15840. [PMID: 37857571 PMCID: PMC10587055 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and exercise remodel skeletal muscle mitochondria. The electron transfer flavoproteins (ETF) transfer reducing equivalents from β-oxidation into the electron transfer system. Exercise may stimulate the synthesis of ETF proteins to increase lipid respiration. We determined mitochondrial remodeling for lipid respiration through ETF in the context of higher mitochondrial abundance/capacity seen in female mice. We hypothesized HFD would be a greater stimulus than exercise to remodel ETF and lipid pathways through increased protein synthesis alongside increased lipid respiration. Female C57BL/6J mice (n = 15 per group) consumed HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) for 4 weeks then remained sedentary (SED) or completed 8 weeks of treadmill training (EX). We determined mitochondrial lipid respiration, RNA abundance, individual protein synthesis, and abundance for ETFα, ETFβ, and ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH). HFD increased absolute and relative lipid respiration (p = 0.018 and p = 0.034) and RNA abundance for ETFα (p = 0.026), ETFβ (p = 0.003), and ETFDH (p = 0.0003). HFD increased synthesis for ETFα and ETFDH (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.002). EX increased synthesis of ETFβ and ETFDH (p = 0.008 and p = 0.006). Higher synthesis rates of ETF were not always reflected in greater protein abundance. Greater synthesis of ETF during HFD indicates mitochondrial remodeling which may contribute higher mitochondrial lipid respiration through enhanced ETF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Batterson
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Erin M. McGowan
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Agnieszka K. Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Michael T. Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
- Oklahoma City VAOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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9
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Hermann R, Mestre Cordero VE, Fernández Pazos MDLM, Reznik FJ, Vélez DE, Marina Prendes MG. Role of autophagy in simulated ischemic-reperfused left atrial myocardium. Int J Cardiol 2023; 378:77-88. [PMID: 36804762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Autophagy has recently emerged as a potential and promising therapeutic approach to maintain cardiac cellular homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of autophagy in the ischemic-reperfused atrial myocardium. METHODS Isolated rat left atria subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion were used. The bathing medium contained either 10 mM d-glucose or 10 mM d-glucose and 1.2 mM palmitate. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used as pharmacological autophagy inhibitor. RESULTS LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, an indicator of autophagosome formation, was significantly enhanced during reperfusion, this increase being slowed by the exposure to high palmitate concentration and prevented by 3-MA. Beclin-1 was significantly increased during reperfusion period in both metabolic conditions, and pharmacological inhibition of AMPK partially prevented LC3-II/LC3-I ratio increase. Autophagy inhibition significantly increased mitochondrial damage and impaired mitochondrial ATP synthesis rate at reperfusion. Tissue ATP content recovery and contractile reserve were also reduced during this period, these effects being more pronounced either in 3-MA treated atria and ischemic-reperfused atria incubated with palmitate. Moreover, severe tachyarrhythmias were observed in the presence of 3-MA, in both metabolic conditions. This phenomenon was partially prevented by mitochondrial inner membrane ion channels blocker, PK11195. CONCLUSION Present study provides new insights into the role of autophagy in ischemic-reperfused atrial myocardium. The observation of greater deterioration in mitochondrial structure and function when this process was inhibited, suggests an association between autophagy and the structural and functional preservation of mitochondria. Exogenous metabolic substrates, to which the myocardium is exposed during ischemia-reperfusion, might not affect this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Hermann
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Victoria Evangelina Mestre Cordero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Federico Joaquín Reznik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Débora Elisabet Vélez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Marina Prendes
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Reynaud O, Wang J, Ayoub MB, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Mayaki D, Dulac M, Hussain SNA, Bergeron R, Gouspillou G. The impact of high-fat feeding and parkin overexpression on skeletal muscle mass, mitochondrial respiration, and H 2O 2 emission. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C366-C376. [PMID: 36571445 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00388.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for developing various health problems, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although controversial, accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, and notably an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, was proposed as a key contributor leading to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Here, our goal was to investigate whether Parkin overexpression, a key regulator of the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy, could confer protection against obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. To this end, intramuscular injections of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) were performed to overexpress Parkin in limb muscle of 6-mo-old mice fed a control diet (CD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk. An AAV-expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as control. HFD increased fat mass, altered glycemia, and resulted in insulin resistance. Parkin overexpression resulted in an increase in muscle mass in both CD and HFD mice. In CD mice, Parkin overexpression increased maximal mitochondrial respiration and lowered H2O2 emission. HFD increased mitochondrial respiration and, surprisingly, also lowered H2O2 emission. Parkin overexpression did not significantly impact mitochondrial function in HFD mice. Taken altogether, our results indicate that Parkin overexpression positively impacts muscle and mitochondrial health under basal conditions and challenges the notion that intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the development of insulin resistance caused by high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Reynaud
- Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université de Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Belle Ayoub
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Department of Critical Care, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) and Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dominique Mayaki
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Department of Critical Care, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maude Dulac
- Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Department of Critical Care, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Raynald Bergeron
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Handy RM, Holloway GP. Insights into the development of insulin resistance: Unraveling the interaction of physical inactivity, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1151389. [PMID: 37153211 PMCID: PMC10157178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1151389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While impairments in peripheral tissue insulin signalling have a well-characterized role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the specific mechanisms that contribute to these impairments remain debatable. Nonetheless, a prominent hypothesis implicates the presence of a high-lipid environment, resulting in both reactive lipid accumulation and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the induction of peripheral tissue insulin resistance. While the etiology of insulin resistance in a high lipid environment is rapid and well documented, physical inactivity promotes insulin resistance in the absence of redox stress/lipid-mediated mechanisms, suggesting alternative mechanisms-of-action. One possible mechanism is a reduction in protein synthesis and the resultant decrease in key metabolic proteins, including canonical insulin signaling and mitochondrial proteins. While reductions in mitochondrial content associated with physical inactivity are not required for the induction of insulin resistance, this could predispose individuals to the detrimental effects of a high-lipid environment. Conversely, exercise-training induced mitochondrial biogenesis has been implicated in the protective effects of exercise. Given mitochondrial biology may represent a point of convergence linking impaired insulin sensitivity in both scenarios of chronic overfeeding and physical inactivity, this review aims to describe the interaction between mitochondrial biology, physical (in)activity and lipid metabolism within the context of insulin signalling.
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Latino D, Chieffi Baccari G, Di Fiore MM, Cioffi F, Venditti M, Giacco A, Santillo A. Autophagy and mitochondrial damage in the testis of high-fat diet fed rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 328:114104. [PMID: 35973585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) affects the physiology of reproduction in males, and many studies have investigated its detrimental effects. In this study, we investigated the cellular response induced by an HFD in the rat testis, focusing on the mitochondrial compartment. After five weeks of HFD, an increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and of reduced form of glutathione in the rat testis indicated an increase in lipid peroxidation. The results showed an increase in autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage in the testis of HFD rats. We found a decrease in the protein expression of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and SOD2. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in the immunofluorescent signal of SOD2, mainly in the spermatogonia and spermatocytes of HFD rats. HFD-induced mitochondrial damage caused a reduction in mitochondria, as evidenced by a decrease in the protein expression of TOM20, a mitochondrial outer membrane receptor. Consistently, HFD enhanced the levels of the PINK1 protein, a mitophagy marker, suggesting the removal of damaged mitochondria under these conditions. Induction of mtDNA damage and repair was stronger in the HFD rat testis. Finally, we found a decrease in the mtDNA copy number and expression of the POLG enzyme, which is involved in mtDNA replication. In conclusion, our results showed that autophagy and apoptosis are activated in the testis of HFD rats as a survival strategy to cope with oxidative stress. Furthermore, HFD-induced oxidative stress affects the mitochondria, inducing mtDNA damage and mtDNA copy number reduction. Mitophagy and mtDNA repair mechanisms might represent a mitochondrial adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Latino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Chieffi Baccari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Di Fiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Massimo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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13
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Chieffi Baccari G, Falvo S, Di Fiore MM, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Santillo A. High-fat diet affects autophagy and mitochondrial compartment in rat Harderian gland. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:1025-1038. [PMID: 35927786 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Harderian gland (HG) of Rattus norvegicus is an orbital gland secreting lipids that accumulate in excess under condition of increased lipid metabolism. To study the response elicitated by lipid overload in rat HG, we housed the animals in thermoneutral conditions (28-30°C) in association to high fat diet (HFD). In HFD rats alterated blood lipid levels result in lipid accumulation in HG as demonstrated by the increased gland weight and histochemical/ultrastructural analyses. The HFD-caused oxidative stress forces the gland to trigger antioxidant defense mechanisms and autophagic process, such as lipophagy and mitophagy. Induction of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and repair was stronger in HFD-rat HGs. An increase in marker expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and fusion occurred to counteract mtDNA copy number reduction and mitophagy. Therefore, the results demonstrate that rat HG activates autophagy as survival strategy under conditions of increased lipid metabolism and suggest a key role for mitophagy and membrane dynamics in the mitochondrial adaptive response to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Chieffi Baccari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Sara Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria M Di Fiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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14
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Wang X, Wang X, Cong P, Wu L, Ma Y, Wang Z, Jiang T, Xu J. Sea cucumber ether-phospholipids improve hepatic steatosis and enhance hypothalamic autophagy in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Lim S, Deaver JW, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lee DE, Morena da Silva F, Cabrera AR, Schrems ER, Saling LW, Washington TA, Fluckey JD, Greene NP. Muscle miR-16 deletion results in impaired insulin sensitivity and contractile function in a sex-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E278-E292. [PMID: 35068192 PMCID: PMC8897019 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00333.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are linked to various human diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and emerging evidence suggests that miRs may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Lower miR-16 content is consistent across different models of T2DM; however, the role of miR-16 in muscle metabolic health is still elusive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how deletion of miR-16 in mice affects skeletal muscle metabolic health and contractile function in both sexes. This study was conducted using both 1) in vitro and 2) in vivo experiments. In in vitro experiments, we used C2C12 myoblasts to test if inhibition or overexpression of miR-16 affected insulin-mediated glucose handling. In in vivo experiments, we generated muscle-specific miR-16 knockout (KO) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to assess how miR-16 content impacts metabolic and contractile properties including glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, muscle contractile function, protein anabolism, and mitochondrial network health. In in vitro experiments, although inhibition of miR-16 induced impaired insulin signaling (P = 0.002) and glucose uptake (P = 0.014), overexpression of miR-16 did not attenuate lipid overload-induced insulin resistance using the diacylglycerol analog 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol. In in vivo experiments, miR-16 deletion induced both impaired muscle contractility (P = 0.031-0.033), and mitochondrial network health (P = 0.008-0.018) in both sexes. However, although males specifically exhibited impaired insulin sensitivity following miR-16 deletion (P = 0.030), female KO mice showed pronounced glucose intolerance (P = 0.046), corresponding with lower muscle weights (P = 0.015), and protein hyperanabolism (P = 0.023). Our findings suggest distinct sex differences in muscle adaptation in response to miR-16 deletion and miR-16 may serve as a key regulator for metabolic dysregulation in T2DM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We set to investigate the role of miR-16 in skeletal muscle during diet-induced insulin resistance. Our data provide novel evidence that the lack of miR-16 induced multiple aberrations in insulin sensitivity, muscle contractility, mitochondrial network health, and protein turnover in a sex-dependent manner. Interestingly, miR-16 deletion leads to insulin resistance in males and exacerbated glucose intolerance in females, suggesting different mechanisms of metabolic dysregulation with a lack of miR-16 between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkyun Lim
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - J William Deaver
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - David E Lee
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Francielly Morena da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Ana Regina Cabrera
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Eleanor R Schrems
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Landen W Saling
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - James D Fluckey
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Revisiting the contribution of mitochondrial biology to the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Biochem J 2021; 478:3809-3826. [PMID: 34751699 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the etiology of type 2 diabetes is multifaceted, the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenomenon, and impairments in insulin signaling in this tissue directly contribute to hyperglycemia. Despite the lack of clarity regarding the specific mechanisms whereby insulin signaling is impaired, the key role of a high lipid environment within skeletal muscle has been recognized for decades. Many of the proposed mechanisms leading to the attenuation of insulin signaling - namely the accumulation of reactive lipids and the pathological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), appear to rely on this high lipid environment. Mitochondrial biology is a central component to these processes, as these organelles are almost exclusively responsible for the oxidation and metabolism of lipids within skeletal muscle and are a primary source of ROS production. Classic studies have suggested that reductions in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and/or function contribute to lipid-induced insulin resistance; however, in recent years the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance has been gradually re-evaluated to consider the biological effects of alterations in mitochondrial content. In this respect, while reductions in mitochondrial content are not required for the induction of insulin resistance, mechanisms that increase mitochondrial content are thought to enhance mitochondrial substrate sensitivity and submaximal adenosine diphosphate (ADP) kinetics. Thus, this review will describe the central role of a high lipid environment in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and present both classic and contemporary views of how mitochondrial biology contributes to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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