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Chen Z, Malek V, Natarajan R. Update: the role of epigenetics in the metabolic memory of diabetic complications. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F327-F339. [PMID: 38961840 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00115.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, is associated with significantly accelerated complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which increases morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia and other diabetes-related environmental factors such as overnutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and hyperlipidemia can induce epigenetic changes. Working alone or with genetic factors, these epigenetic changes that occur without alterations in the underlying DNA sequence, can alter the expression of pathophysiological genes and impair functions of associated target cells/organs, leading to diabetic complications like DKD. Notably, some hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic changes persist in target cells/tissues even after glucose normalization, leading to sustained complications despite glycemic control, so-called metabolic memory. Emerging evidence from in vitro and in vivo animal models and clinical trials with subjects with diabetes identified clear associations between metabolic memory and epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin structure, and noncoding RNAs at key loci. Targeting such persistent epigenetic changes and/or molecules regulated by them can serve as valuable opportunities to attenuate, or erase metabolic memory, which is crucial to prevent complication progression. Here, we review these cell/tissue-specific epigenetic changes identified to-date as related to diabetic complications, especially DKD, and the current status on targeting epigenetics to tackle metabolic memory. We also discuss limitations in current studies, including the need for more (epi)genome-wide studies, integrative analysis using multiple epigenetic marks and Omics datasets, and mechanistic evaluation of metabolic memory. Considering the tremendous technological advances in epigenomics, genetics, sequencing, and availability of genomic datasets from clinical cohorts, this field is likely to see considerable progress in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Vajir Malek
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Spinelli M, Spallotta F, Cencioni C, Natale F, Re A, Dellaria A, Farsetti A, Fusco S, Grassi C. High fat diet affects the hippocampal expression of miRNAs targeting brain plasticity-related genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19651. [PMID: 39179650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with brain dysfunction and cognitive deficits, although the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Epigenetic factors, such as non-coding RNAs, have been reported to mediate the molecular effects of nutrient-related signals. Here, we investigated the changes of miRNA expression profile in the hippocampus of a well-established experimental model of metabolic disease induced by high fat diet (HFD). In comparison to the control group fed with standard diet, we observed 69 miRNAs exhibiting increased expression and 63 showing decreased expression in the HFD mice's hippocampus. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified numerous potential targets of the dysregulated miRNAs, pinpointing a subset of genes regulating neuroplasticity that were targeted by multiple differentially modulated miRNAs. We also validated the expression of these synaptic and non-synaptic proteins, confirming the downregulation of Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1), calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase I delta (CaMK1D), 2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (GRIN2B), the DNA-binding protein Special AT-Rich Sequence-Binding Protein 2 (SATB2), and RNA-binding proteins Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1 (CPEB1) and Neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1 (NOVA1) in the hippocampus of HFD mice. In summary, our study offers a snapshot of the HFD-related miRNA landscape potentially involved in the alterations of brain functions associated with metabolic disorders. By shedding light on the specific miRNA-mRNA interactions, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of HFD on the synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Spinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", National Research Council (CNR-IASI), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Re
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", National Research Council (CNR-IASI), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Laboratoristiche ed Infettivologiche, UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Dellaria
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", National Research Council (CNR-IASI), Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Tapia A, Liu X, Malhi NK, Yuan D, Chen M, Southerland KW, Luo Y, Chen ZB. Role of long noncoding RNAs in diabetes-associated peripheral arterial disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:274. [PMID: 39049097 PMCID: PMC11271017 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that heightens the risks of many vascular complications, including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Various types of cells, including but not limited to endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and macrophages (MΦs), play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of DM-PAD. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are epigenetic regulators that play important roles in cellular function, and their dysregulation in DM can contribute to PAD. This review focuses on the developing field of lncRNAs and their emerging roles in linking DM and PAD. We review the studies investigating the role of lncRNAs in crucial cellular processes contributing to DM-PAD, including those in ECs, VSMCs, and MΦ. By examining the intricate molecular landscape governed by lncRNAs in these relevant cell types, we hope to shed light on the roles of lncRNAs in EC dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and vascular remodeling contributing to DM-PAD. Additionally, we provide an overview of the research approach and methodologies, from identifying disease-relevant lncRNAs to characterizing their molecular and cellular functions in the context of DM-PAD. We also discuss the potential of leveraging lncRNAs in the diagnosis and therapeutics for DM-PAD. Collectively, this review provides a summary of lncRNA-regulated cell functions contributing to DM-PAD and highlights the translational potential of leveraging lncRNA biology to tackle this increasingly prevalent and complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Tapia
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Naseeb Kaur Malhi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dongqiang Yuan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Muxi Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kevin W Southerland
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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4
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Halabi N, Thomas B, Chidiac O, Robay A, AbiNahed J, Jayyousi A, Al Suwaidi J, Bradic M, Abi Khalil C. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNA gene expression pathways in monocytes of type 2 diabetes patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:196. [PMID: 38849833 PMCID: PMC11161966 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes play a central role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients through different mechanisms. We investigated diabetes-induced changes in lncRNA genes from T2D patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), long-duration diabetes, and poor glycemic control. METHODS We performed paired-end RNA sequencing of monocytes from 37 non-diabetes controls and 120 patients with T2D, of whom 86 had either macro or microvascular disease or both. Monocytes were sorted from peripheral blood using flow cytometry; their RNA was purified and sequenced. Alignments and gene counts were obtained with STAR to reference GRCh38 using Gencode (v41) annotations followed by batch correction with CombatSeq. Differential expression analysis was performed with EdgeR and pathway analysis with IPA software focusing on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a p-value < 0.05. Additionally, differential co-expression analysis was done with csdR to identify lncRNAs highly associated with diabetes-related expression networks with network centrality scores computed with Igraph and network visualization with Cytoscape. RESULTS Comparing T2D vs. non-T2D, we found two significantly upregulated lncRNAs (ENSG00000287255, FDR = 0.017 and ENSG00000289424, FDR = 0.048) and one significantly downregulated lncRNA (ENSG00000276603, FDR = 0.017). Pathway analysis on DEGs revealed networks affecting cellular movement, growth, and development. Co-expression analysis revealed ENSG00000225822 (UBXN7-AS1) as the highest-scoring diabetes network-associated lncRNA. Analysis within T2D patients and CVD revealed one lncRNA upregulated in monocytes from patients with microvascular disease without clinically documented macrovascular disease. (ENSG00000261654, FDR = 0.046). Pathway analysis revealed DEGs involved in networks affecting metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies. Co-expression analysis identified lncRNAs strongly associated with diabetes networks, including ENSG0000028654, ENSG00000261326 (LINC01355), ENSG00000260135 (MMP2-AS1), ENSG00000262097, and ENSG00000241560 (ZBTB20-AS1) when we combined the results from all patients with CVD. Similarly, we identified from co-expression analysis of diabetes patients with a duration ≥ 10 years vs. <10 years two lncRNAs: ENSG00000269019 (HOMER3-AS10) and ENSG00000212719 (LINC02693). The comparison of patients with good vs. poor glycemic control also identified two lncRNAs: ENSG00000245164 (LINC00861) and ENSG00000286313. CONCLUSION We identified dysregulated diabetes-related genes and pathways in monocytes of diabetes patients with cardiovascular complications, including lncRNA genes of unknown function strongly associated with networks of known diabetes genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Halabi
- Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, PO box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Binitha Thomas
- Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, PO box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Chidiac
- Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, PO box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amal Robay
- Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, PO box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Julien AbiNahed
- Technology Innovation Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amin Jayyousi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Martina Bradic
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Marie-Josée & Henry R.Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, USA
| | - Charbel Abi Khalil
- Epigenetics Cardiovascular Lab, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, PO box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
- Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- Joan and Sanford I.Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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Li B, Wu Z, Xu H, Ye H, Yang X. Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240903. [PMID: 38584844 PMCID: PMC10996977 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
LncRNA XLOC_032768 is reported to prevent renal tubular epithelial cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis, suggesting its involvement in the development of kidney injury. The present study aimed to explore the role of XLOC_032768 in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study enrolled a total of 140 healthy controls (Control group) and 140 patients with type 2 diabetes (Diabetes group). Expression of XLOC_032768 in plasma from these participants was analyzed by performing RT-qPCR. The 140 diabetic patients were followed up for 5 years to monitor the occurrence of diabetic complications. The role of XLOC_032768 in predicting the occurrence of diabetic complications, including DN, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic foot (DF) were analyzed by plotting receiver operating characteristic curves and complication-free curves. On the day of admission, plasma levels of XLOC_032768 were not significantly different between Control and Diabetes groups. During follow-up, a total of 22, 15, 13, and 15 cases were diagnosed as DN, DC, DR, and DF, respectively. On the day of diagnosis, plasma levels of XLOC_032768 were only decreased in DN group, but not in other groups, compared to plasma levels of XLOC_032768 on the day of admission. Using plasma levels of XLOC_032768 on the day of admission as a biomarker, potential DN patients were effectively separated from patients with other potential complications and diabetic patients without complications. The 140 diabetic patients were grouped into high and low XLOC_032768 level groups. It was observed that low XLOC_032768 level group showed increased occurrence of DN, but not other complications, compared to high XLOC_032768 level group. Therefore, the downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients may predict the occurrence of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Li
- Department of Hemodialysis, Guangzhou Guanggang New City Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, PR China
| | - ZhiLe Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, PR China
| | - Haofeng Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, PR China
| | - HuiLing Ye
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, PR China
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Tavares I, Morais M, Dias F, Medeiros R, Teixeira AL. Deregulated miRNAs in enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer: A comprehensive review of key molecular alterations and clinical outcomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189067. [PMID: 38160898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in male population worldwide. Since the growth and progression of PC highly depend on the androgen pathway, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of systemic treatment. Enzalutamide is a second-generation antiandrogen, which is widely used for the treatment of advanced and metastatic PC. However, treatment failure and disease progression, caused by the emergence of enzalutamide resistant phenotypes, remains an important clinical challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and have recently emerged as potential biomarkers for being stable and easily analysed in several biological fluids. Several miRNAs that exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in enzalutamide-resistant PC have recently been identified, including miRNAs that modulate critical signalling pathways and genes involved in PC growth, survival and in the acquisition of enzalutamide phenotype. The understanding of molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs promote the development of enzalutamide resistance can provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between miRNAs, gene regulation, and treatment response in PC. Moreover, these miRNAs could serve as valuable tools for monitoring treatment response and disease progression during enzalutamide administration. This review summarises the miRNAs associated with enzalutamide resistance in PC already described in the literature, focusing on their biological roles and on their potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Morais
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Reasearch Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC- Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal.
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Ullah S, Burki S, Munir AB, Yousaf G, Shafique M. Nanocarrier-based localized and effective treatment of renal disorders: currently employed targeting strategies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:345-361. [PMID: 38293889 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal disorders pose a global health threat, with targeted drug-delivery systems emerging as a promising strategy to enhance therapy safety and efficacy. Recent efforts have harnessed targeted nanomaterials for kidney disease treatment. While some systems remain in the early stages, they show immense potential in delivering cargo to specific sites. Through animal model experimentations, it has been demonstrated to reduce systemic side effects and enhance treatment effectiveness. This review presents current strategies for kidney disorder treatment, emphasizing site-specific targeting critical to renal disease pathophysiology. Recent advancements in nano-drug delivery systems for kidney targeting are explored. Finally, toxicological aspects and prospects of the most promising kidney-targeting delivery systems are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Ullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Burki
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakar Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yousaf
- PAF Ruth Pfau Medical College and Hospital Faisal Base Karachi, Karachi, 75350, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
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Nuthikattu S, Milenkovic D, Norman JE, Villablanca AC. Single nuclei transcriptomics in diabetic mice reveals altered brain hippocampal endothelial cell function, permeability, and behavior. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166970. [PMID: 38036105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular sequelae. Yet, a clear pattern of gene dysregulation by T2DM in dementia has yet to be defined. We used single nuclei RNA sequencing technology to profile the transcriptome of endothelial cells (EC) from anatomically defined hippocampus of db/db mice to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes, gene pathways and networks, predicted regulating transcription factors, and targets of DE long noncoding RNAs. We also applied gadolinium (Gd) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and functionally assessed cognitive behavior. The murine gene expression profiles were then integrated with those of persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). We reveal that the transcriptome of the diabetic hippocampal murine brain endothelium differs substantially from control wild types with molecular changes characterized by differential RNA coding and noncoding pathways enriched for EC signaling and for endothelial functions for neuroinflammation, endothelial barrier disruption, and neurodegeneration. Gd enhanced structural brain MRI linked endothelial molecular alterations to BBB dysfunction by neuroimaging. Integrated multiomics of hippocampal endothelial gene dysregulation associated with impairments in cognitive adaptive capacity. In addition, the diabetic transcriptome significantly and positively correlated with that of persons with AD and VaD. Taken together, our results from comprehensive, multilevel, integrated, single nuclei transcriptomics support the hypothesis of T2DM-mediated neuroinflammation and endothelial cell and barrier disruption as key mechanisms in cognitive decline in T2DM, thereby suggesting potential endothelial-specific molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saivageethi Nuthikattu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer E Norman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amparo C Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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9
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Duarte PM, Gurgel BCDV, Miranda TS, Sardenberg J, Gu T, Aukhil I. Distinctive genes and signaling pathways associated with type 2 diabetes-related periodontitis: Preliminary study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296925. [PMID: 38241313 PMCID: PMC10798476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-related periodontitis remain unclear. This cross-sectional study evaluated the distinctive transcriptomic changes between tissues with periodontal health and with periodontitis in patients with T2DM. In this cross-sectional study, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on gingival biopsies from non-periodontitis and periodontitis tissues from non-diabetic and diabetic patients. A differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) assessed the genes and signaling pathways associated with T2DM-related periodontitis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate selected DEGs possibly involved in T2DM-related periodontitis. Four hundred and twenty and one thousand five hundred and sixty-three DEGs (fold change ≥ 2) were uniquely identified in the diseased tissues of non-diabetic and diabetic patients, respectively. The IPA predicted the activation of Phagosome Formation, Cardiac β-adrenergic, tRNA Splicing, and PI3K/AKT pathways. The IPA also predicted the inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis, Adrenomedullin, and Inositol Phosphate Compounds pathways in T2DM-related periodontitis. Validation of DEGs confirmed changes in protein expression of PTPN2, PTPN13, DHCR24, PIK3R2, CALCRL, IL1RN, IL-6R and ITGA4 in diseased tissues in diabetic subjects. Thus, these preliminary findings indicate that there are specific genes and functional pathways that may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM-related periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | | | | | - Juliana Sardenberg
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Tongjun Gu
- ICBR Bioinformatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- ECU School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
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10
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Avila Santos AP, de Almeida BLS, Bonidia RP, Stadler PF, Stefanic P, Mandic-Mulec I, Rocha U, Sanches DS, de Carvalho ACPLF. BioDeepfuse: a hybrid deep learning approach with integrated feature extraction techniques for enhanced non-coding RNA classification. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-12. [PMID: 38528797 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2329451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The accurate classification of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences is pivotal for advanced non-coding genome annotation and analysis, a fundamental aspect of genomics that facilitates understanding of ncRNA functions and regulatory mechanisms in various biological processes. While traditional machine learning approaches have been employed for distinguishing ncRNA, these often necessitate extensive feature engineering. Recently, deep learning algorithms have provided advancements in ncRNA classification. This study presents BioDeepFuse, a hybrid deep learning framework integrating convolutional neural networks (CNN) or bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks with handcrafted features for enhanced accuracy. This framework employs a combination of k-mer one-hot, k-mer dictionary, and feature extraction techniques for input representation. Extracted features, when embedded into the deep network, enable optimal utilization of spatial and sequential nuances of ncRNA sequences. Using benchmark datasets and real-world RNA samples from bacterial organisms, we evaluated the performance of BioDeepFuse. Results exhibited high accuracy in ncRNA classification, underscoring the robustness of our tool in addressing complex ncRNA sequence data challenges. The effective melding of CNN or BiLSTM with external features heralds promising directions for future research, particularly in refining ncRNA classifiers and deepening insights into ncRNAs in cellular processes and disease manifestations. In addition to its original application in the context of bacterial organisms, the methodologies and techniques integrated into our framework can potentially render BioDeepFuse effective in various and broader domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson P Avila Santos
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Applied Microbial Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Breno L S de Almeida
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Robson P Bonidia
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, UTFPR, Cornélio Procópio, Brazil
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center of Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Polonca Stefanic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ines Mandic-Mulec
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulisses Rocha
- Department of Applied Microbial Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Danilo S Sanches
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, UTFPR, Cornélio Procópio, Brazil
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11
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Hussein RM. Long non-coding RNAs: The hidden players in diabetes mellitus-related complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102872. [PMID: 37797393 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as important regulators of gene expression in various human diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder associated with serious macro and microvascular complications. This review discusses the potential lncRNAs involved in DM-related complications such as dysfunction of pancreatic beta islets, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted in the Scopus database to find information from reputed biomedical articles published on lncRNAs and diabetic complications from 2014 to 2023. All review articles were collected and statistically analyzed, and the findings were summarized. In addition, the potential lncRNAs involved in DM-related complications, molecular mechanisms, and gene targets were discussed in detail. RESULTS The lncRNAs ANRIL, E33, MALAT1, PVT1, Erbb4-IR, Gm4419, Gm5524, MIAT, MEG3, KNCQ1OT1, Uc.48+, BC168687, HOTAIR, and NONRATT021972 were upregulated in several diabetic complications. However, βlinc1, H19, PLUTO, MEG3, GAS5, uc.322, HOTAIR, MIAT, TUG1, CASC2, CYP4B1-PS1-001, SOX2OT, and Crnde were downregulated. Remarkably, lncRNAs MALAT1, ANRIL, MIAT, MEG3, H19, and HOTAIR were overlapping in more than one diabetic complication and were considered potential lncRNAs. CONCLUSION Several lncRNAs are identified as regulators of DM-related complications. The expression of lncRNAs is up or downregulated depending on the disease context, target genes, and regulatory partners. However, most lncRNAs target oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and angiogenesis pathways to mediate their protective/pathogenic mechanism of action and contribute to DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.
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12
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Hussain MS, Afzal O, Gupta G, Altamimi ASA, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Kukreti N, Gupta S, Sulakhiya K, Singh SK, Dua K. Probing the links: Long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB signalling in atherosclerosis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154773. [PMID: 37647827 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the accumulation of lipids and immune cells in the arterial wall. NF-kB signaling is a key regulator of inflammation and is known to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs can regulate NF-kB and contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Preliminary findings reveal significant alterations in the expression of specific lncRNAs in atherosclerotic lesions compared to healthy arterial tissue. Experimental evidence suggests that these dysregulated lncRNAs can influence the NF-kB pathway. By unravelling the crosstalk between lncRNAs and NF-kB signaling, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. Identifying novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers may lead to developing interventions and management strategies for this prevalent cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in NF-kB signaling in atherosclerosis and highlights their potential as therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017 Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India.
| | | | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Neuro Pharmacology Research Laboratory (NPRL), Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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13
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Tanwar VS, Reddy MA, Das S, Samara VA, Abdollahi M, Dey S, Malek V, Ganguly R, Stapleton K, Lanting L, Pirrotte P, Natarajan R. Palmitic Acid-Induced Long Noncoding RNA PARAIL Regulates Inflammation via Interaction With RNA-Binding Protein ELAVL1 in Monocytes and Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1157-1175. [PMID: 37128912 PMCID: PMC10287039 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes are associated with elevated free fatty acids like palmitic acid (PA), which promote chronic inflammation and impaired inflammation resolution associated with cardiometabolic disorders. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in inflammatory processes; however, their roles in PA-regulated inflammation and resolution are unclear. METHODS We performed RNA-sequencing analysis to identify PA-regulated coding genes and novel lncRNAs in CD14+ monocytes from healthy volunteers. We investigated the regulation and function of an uncharacterized PA-induced lncRNA PARAIL (PA-regulated anti-inflammatory lncRNA). We examined its role in inflammation resolution by employing knockdown and overexpression strategies in human and mouse macrophages. We also used RNA pulldown coupled with mass spectrometry to identify PARAIL interacting nuclear proteins and their mechanistic involvement in PARAIL functions in human macrophages. RESULTS Treatment of human CD14+ monocytes with PA-induced several lncRNAs and genes associated with inflammatory phenotype. PA strongly induced lncRNA PARAIL expressed near RIPK2. PARAIL was also induced by cytokines and infectious agents in human monocytes/macrophages and was regulated by NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B). Time course studies showed PARAIL was induced during inflammation resolution phase in PA-treated macrophages. PARAIL knockdown with antisense oligonucleotides upregulated key inflammatory genes and vice versa with PARAIL overexpression. We found that PARAIL interacts with ELAVL1 (ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 1) protein via adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AU-rich elements; AREs). ELAVL1 knockdown inhibited the anti-inflammatory functions of PARAIL. Moreover, PARAIL knockdown increased cytosolic localization of ELAVL1 and increased the stability of ARE-containing inflammatory genes. Mouse orthologous Parail was downregulated in macrophages from mice with diabetes and atherosclerosis. Parail overexpression attenuated proinflammatory genes in mouse macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of PARAIL under acute inflammatory conditions contributes to proresolution mechanisms via PARAIL-ELAVL1 interactions. Conversely, PARAIL downregulation in cardiometabolic diseases enhances ELAVL1 function and impairs inflammation resolution to further augment inflammation. Thus, inflammation-resolving lncRNAs like PARAIL represent novel targets to combat inflammatory cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marpadga A. Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vishnu Amaram Samara
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Suchismita Dey
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vajir Malek
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kenneth Stapleton
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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14
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Dieter C, Lemos NE, Girardi E, Ramos DT, Corrêa NRDF, Canani LH, Bauer AC, Assmann TS, Crispim D. The lncRNA MALAT1 is upregulated in urine of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic kidney disease. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220291. [PMID: 37272835 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs with >200 nucleotides that are unable to encode proteins and are involved in gene expression regulation. LncRNAs have a key role in many physiological and pathological processes and, consequently, they have been associated with several human diseases, including diabetes chronic complications, such as diabetes kidney disease (DKD). In this context, some studies have identified the dysregulation of the lncRNAs MALAT1 and TUG1 in patients with DKD; nevertheless, available data are still contradictory. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare MALAT1 and TUG1 expressions in urine of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) categorized according to DKD presence. This study comprised 18 T1DM patients with DKD (cases) and 9 long-duration T1DM patients without DKD (controls). MALAT1 and TUG1 were analyzed using qPCR. Bioinformatics analyses were done to identify both lncRNA target genes and the signaling pathways under their regulation. The lncRNA MALAT1 was upregulated in urine of T1DM patients with DKD vs. T1DM controls (P = 0.007). The expression of lncRNA TUG1 did not differ between groups (P = 0.815). Bioinformatics analysis showed these two lncRNAs take part in metabolism-related pathways. The present study shows that the lncRNA MALAT1 is upregulated in T1DM patients presenting DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Dieter
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Emerim Lemos
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliandra Girardi
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Taurino Ramos
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Henrique Canani
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea Carla Bauer
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Nefrologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Silveira Assmann
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Spinetti G, Mutoli M, Greco S, Riccio F, Ben-Aicha S, Kenneweg F, Jusic A, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Nossent AY, Novella S, Kararigas G, Thum T, Emanueli C, Devaux Y, Martelli F. Cardiovascular complications of diabetes: role of non-coding RNAs in the crosstalk between immune and cardiovascular systems. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:122. [PMID: 37226245 PMCID: PMC10206598 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high levels of blood glucose caused by insulin defect or impairment, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and related mortality. Patients with diabetes experience a state of chronic or intermittent hyperglycemia resulting in damage to the vasculature, leading to micro- and macro-vascular diseases. These conditions are associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis. Several classes of leukocytes have been implicated in diabetic cardiovascular impairment. Although the molecular pathways through which diabetes elicits an inflammatory response have attracted significant attention, how they contribute to altering cardiovascular homeostasis is still incompletely understood. In this respect, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a still largely under-investigated class of transcripts that may play a fundamental role. This review article gathers the current knowledge on the function of ncRNAs in the crosstalk between immune and cardiovascular cells in the context of diabetic complications, highlighting the influence of biological sex in such mechanisms and exploring the potential role of ncRNAs as biomarkers and targets for treatments. The discussion closes by offering an overview of the ncRNAs involved in the increased cardiovascular risk suffered by patients with diabetes facing Sars-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Martina Mutoli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Greco
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Riccio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Franziska Kenneweg
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Yaël Nossent
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Novella
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Wang K, Lin Y, Shen H, Yu S, Xu J. LncRNA TUG1 Exacerbates Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Modulating the microRNA-145a-5p/Cfl2 Axis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:192-202. [PMID: 36450139 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nowadays, there is limited prevention and treatment for myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our study aimed to depict the mechanism of the lncRNA TUG1/miR-145a-5p/Cfl2 axis in DCM and to provide a molecular basis for the study of this disease. Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to establish DCM mouse models. The expression levels of lncRNA TUG1, miR-145a-5p, and Cfl2 in myocardial tissues of mice were tested by RT-qPCR or Western blot. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. The contents of Ang-II, TNF-α, and IL-1β were measured using ELISA. The histopathological observation was performed by HE staining and Masson staining. The expression levels of myocardial fibrosis-related genes COL1A1, MMP2, and FN1 were determined by RT-qPCR. In addition, bioinformatics website, RIP assay, pull-down assay, and luciferase activity assay were conducted to verify the relationships of lncRNA TUG1, miR-145a-5p, and Cfl2. In the DCM mouse model, lncRNA TUG1 and Cfl2 expression levels were upregulated and miR-145a-5p expression was downregulated. Downregulation of lncRNA TUG1 improved cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis; decreased COL1A1, MMP2, and FN1 expression levels; as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, and Ang-II contents in myocardial tissues of DCM mice. Upregulation of miR-145a-5p showed the same trend as downregulation of lncRNA TUG1. In addition, upregulating miR-145a-5p reversed the promotion roles of lncRNA TUG1 on myocardial fibrosis in DCM mice, and upregulating Cfl2 compromised the improvement effect of downregulated lncRNA TUG1 on myocardial fibrosis in DCM mice. Mechanistically, there was a binding site between lncRNA TUG1 and miR-145a-5p, and miR-145a-5p had a targeting relationship with Cfl2. This study highlights that lncRNA TUG1 sponges miR-145a-5p to aggravate myocardial fibrosis in DCM mice by promoting Cfl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- KunWei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tianyou Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingnan Lin
- Department of General Practice, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghui Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tianyou Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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17
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de Klerk JA, Beulens JWJ, Mei H, Bijkerk R, van Zonneveld AJ, Koivula RW, Elders PJM, 't Hart LM, Slieker RC. Altered blood gene expression in the obesity-related type 2 diabetes cluster may be causally involved in lipid metabolism: a Mendelian randomisation study. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1057-1070. [PMID: 36826505 PMCID: PMC10163084 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in whole blood of people with type 2 diabetes across five different clusters: severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), mild diabetes (MD) and mild diabetes with high HDL-cholesterol (MDH). This was to increase our understanding of different molecular mechanisms underlying the five putative clusters of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants in the Hoorn Diabetes Care System (DCS) cohort were clustered based on age, BMI, HbA1c, C-peptide and HDL-cholesterol. Whole blood RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in a cluster compared with all others. Differentially expressed genes were validated in the Innovative Medicines Initiative DIabetes REsearCh on patient straTification (IMI DIRECT) study. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for differentially expressed RNAs were obtained from a publicly available dataset. To estimate the causal effects of RNAs on traits, a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis was performed using public genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. RESULTS Eleven lncRNAs and 175 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the MOD cluster, the lncRNA AL354696.2 was upregulated in the SIDD cluster and GPR15 mRNA was downregulated in the MDH cluster. mRNAs and lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in the MOD cluster were correlated among each other. Six lncRNAs and 120 mRNAs validated in the IMI DIRECT study. Using two-sample Mendelian randomisation, we found 52 mRNAs to have a causal effect on anthropometric traits (n=23) and lipid metabolism traits (n=10). GPR146 showed a causal effect on plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 2×10-15), without evidence for reverse causality. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Multiple lncRNAs and mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed among clusters and particularly in the MOD cluster. mRNAs in the MOD cluster showed a possible causal effect on anthropometric traits, lipid metabolism traits and blood cell fractions. Together, our results show that individuals in the MOD cluster show aberrant RNA expression of genes that have a suggested causal role on multiple diabetes-relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette A de Klerk
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert W Koivula
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, CRC, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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18
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Suárez R, Chapela SP, Álvarez-Córdova L, Bautista-Valarezo E, Sarmiento-Andrade Y, Verde L, Frias-Toral E, Sarno G. Epigenetics in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: New Insights. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040811. [PMID: 36839169 PMCID: PMC9963127 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-term complication of obesity is the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D have been described as having epigenetic modifications. Epigenetics is the post-transcriptional modification of DNA or associated factors containing genetic information. These environmentally-influenced modifications, maintained during cell division, cause stable changes in gene expression. Epigenetic modifications of T2D are DNA methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation, and phosphorylation at the lysine residue at the amino terminus of histones, affecting DNA, histones, and non-coding RNA. DNA methylation has been shown in pancreatic islets, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Furthermore, epigenetic changes have been observed in chronic complications of T2D, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Recently, a new drug has been developed which acts on bromodomains and extraterminal (BET) domain proteins, which operate like epigenetic readers and communicate with chromatin to make DNA accessible for transcription by inhibiting them. This drug (apabetalone) is being studied to prevent major adverse cardiovascular events in people with T2D, low HDL cholesterol, chronic kidney failure, and recent coronary events. This review aims to describe the relationship between obesity, long-term complications such as T2D, and epigenetic modifications and their possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Suárez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián P. Chapela
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABE, Argentina
- Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Equipo de Soporte Nutricional, Buenos Aires C1280AEB, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-91168188308
| | - Ludwig Álvarez-Córdova
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica De Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - Estefanía Bautista-Valarezo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | - Yoredy Sarmiento-Andrade
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - Gerardo Sarno
- “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona” University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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19
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Tang X, Luo Y, Yuan D, Calandrelli R, Malhi NK, Sriram K, Miao Y, Lou CH, Tsark W, Tapia A, Chen AT, Zhang G, Roeth D, Kalkum M, Wang ZV, Chien S, Natarajan R, Cooke JP, Zhong S, Chen ZB. Long noncoding RNA LEENE promotes angiogenesis and ischemic recovery in diabetes models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e161759. [PMID: 36512424 PMCID: PMC9888385 DOI: 10.1172/jci161759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis in diabetes is a key process contributing to ischemic diseases such as peripheral arterial disease. Epigenetic mechanisms, including those mediated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are crucial links connecting diabetes and the related chronic tissue ischemia. Here we identify the lncRNA that enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (LEENE) as a regulator of angiogenesis and ischemic response. LEENE expression was decreased in diabetic conditions in cultured endothelial cells (ECs), mouse hind limb muscles, and human arteries. Inhibition of LEENE in human microvascular ECs reduced their angiogenic capacity with a dysregulated angiogenic gene program. Diabetic mice deficient in Leene demonstrated impaired angiogenesis and perfusion following hind limb ischemia. Importantly, overexpression of human LEENE rescued the impaired ischemic response in Leene-knockout mice at tissue functional and single-cell transcriptomic levels. Mechanistically, LEENE RNA promoted transcription of proangiogenic genes in ECs, such as KDR (encoding VEGFR2) and NOS3 (encoding eNOS), potentially by interacting with LEO1, a key component of the RNA polymerase II-associated factor complex and MYC, a crucial transcription factor for angiogenesis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate an essential role for LEENE in the regulation of angiogenesis and tissue perfusion. Functional enhancement of LEENE to restore angiogenesis for tissue repair and regeneration may represent a potential strategy to tackle ischemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Dongqiang Yuan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Naseeb Kaur Malhi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kiran Sriram
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences
| | - Yifei Miao
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Walter Tsark
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, Center for Comparative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alonso Tapia
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences
| | - Aleysha T. Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Daniel Roeth
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Center for Comparative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Center for Comparative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Zhao V. Wang
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism and
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences
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20
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The Function and Therapeutic Potential of lncRNAs in Cardiac Fibrosis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020154. [PMID: 36829433 PMCID: PMC9952806 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis remains an unresolved problem in cardiovascular diseases. Fibrosis of the myocardium plays a key role in the clinical outcomes of patients with heart injuries. Moderate fibrosis is favorable for cardiac structure maintaining and contractile force transmission, whereas adverse fibrosis generally progresses to ventricular remodeling and cardiac systolic or diastolic dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms involved in these processes are multifactorial and complex. Several molecular mechanisms, such as TGF-β signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation, and non-coding RNAs, positively or negatively regulate myocardial fibrosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant mediators in gene regulation in cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are crucial in genetic programming and gene expression during myocardial fibrosis. We summarize the function of lncRNAs in cardiac fibrosis and their contributions to miRNA expression, TGF-β signaling, and ECMs synthesis, with a particular attention on the exosome-derived lncRNAs in the regulation of adverse fibrosis as well as the mode of action of lncRNAs secreted into exosomes. We also discuss how the current knowledge on lncRNAs can be applied to develop novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse cardiac fibrosis.
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21
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Abdollahi M, Kato M, Lanting L, Tunduguru R, Wang M, Wang Y, Fueger PT, Wang Q, Huang W, Natarajan R. miR-379 mediates insulin resistance and obesity through impaired angiogenesis and adipogenesis regulated by ER stress. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:115-130. [PMID: 36250205 PMCID: PMC9535382 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of microRNA (miR-379) in the pathogenesis of obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and insulin resistance (IR). We used miR-379 knockout (miR-379KO) mice to test whether loss of miR-379 affects high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and IR via dysregulation of key miR-379 targets in adipose tissue. Increases in body weight, hyperinsulinemia, and IR in wild-type (WT)-HFD mice were significantly attenuated in miR-379KO-HFD mice with some sex differences. Relative to control chow-fed mice, in WT-HFD mice, expression of miR-379 and C/EBP homologous protein (Chop) (pro-endoplasmic reticulum [ER] stress) and inflammation in perigonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) were increased, whereas adipogenic genes and miR-379 target genes (Vegfb and Edem3) were decreased. These changes, as well as key parameters of brown adipose tissue dysfunction (including mitochondrial defects), were significantly attenuated in miR-379KO-HFD mice. WAT from obese human subjects with and without type 2 diabetes showed increased miR-379 and decreased miR-379 target genes. In cultured 3T3L1 pre-adipocytes, miR-379 inhibitors increased miR-379 targets and adipogenic genes. These data suggest that miR-379 plays an important role in HFD-induced obesity through increased adipose inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress as well as impaired adipogenesis and angiogenesis. miR-379 inhibitors may be developed as novel therapies for obesity and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Corresponding author Maryam Abdollahi, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ragadeepthi Tunduguru
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yangmeng Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Patrick T. Fueger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Corresponding author Rama Natarajan, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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22
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Abdollahi M, Kato M, Lanting L, Wang M, Tunduguru R, Natarajan R. Role of miR-379 in high-fat diet-induced kidney injury and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F686-F699. [PMID: 36227097 PMCID: PMC9705025 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00213.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk for diabetes and damage to the kidneys. Evidence suggests that miR-379 plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. However, its involvement in obesity-induced kidney injury is not known and was therefore investigated in this study by comparing renal phenotypes of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild-type (WT) and miR-379 knockout (KO) mice. Male and female WT mice on the HFD for 10 or 24 wk developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and kidney dysfunction manifested by albuminuria and glomerular injuries. However, these adverse alterations in HFD-fed WT mice were significantly ameliorated in HFD-fed miR-379 KO mice. HFD feeding increased glomerular expression of miR-379 and decreased its target gene, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degradation enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 3 (Edem3), a negative regulator of ER stress. Relative to the standard chow diet-fed controls, expression of profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) was significantly increased, whereas Zeb2, which encodes ZEB2, a negative regulator of Tgf-β1, was decreased in the glomeruli in HFD-fed WT mice. Notably, these changes as well as HFD-induced increased expression of other profibrotic genes, glomerular hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in HFD-fed WT mice were attenuated in HFD-fed miR-379 KO mice. In cultured primary glomerular mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) isolated from WT mice, treatment with high insulin (mimicking hyperinsulinemia) increased miR-379 expression and decreased its target, Edem3. Moreover, insulin also upregulated Tgf-β1 and downregulated Zeb2 in WT MMCs, but these changes were significantly attenuated in MMCs from miR-379 KO mice. Together, these experiments revealed that miR-379 deletion protects mice from HFD- and hyperinsulinemia-induced kidney injury at least in part through reduced ER stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY miR-379 knockout mice are protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced kidney damage through key miR-379 targets associated with ER stress (Edem3). Mechanistically, treatment of mesangial cells with insulin (mimicking hyperinsulinemia) increased expression of miR-379, Tgf-β1, miR-200, and Chop and decreases Edem3. Furthermore, TGF-β1-induced fibrotic genes are attenuated by a GapmeR targeting miR-379. The results implicate a miR-379/EDEM3/ER stress/miR-200c/Zeb2 signaling pathway in HFD/obesity/insulin resistance-induced renal dysfunction. Targeting miR-379 with GapmeRs can aid in the treatment of obesity-induced kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ragadeepthi Tunduguru
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
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23
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MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: From epigenetics to potential clinical applications. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101579. [PMID: 36332600 PMCID: PMC9637816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two relevant classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in a number of molecular processes through different epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. As a matter of fact, the altered expression of these types of RNAs leads to the development and progression of a varied range of multifactorial human diseases. Several recent reports elucidated that miRNA and lncRNAs have been implicated in pancreatic cancer (PC). For instance, dysregulation of such ncRNAs has been found to be associated with chemoresistance, apoptosis, autophagy, cell differentiation, tumor suppression, tumor growth, cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in PC. Moreover, several aberrantly expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers for accurate PC diagnosis. Additionally, miRNAs and lncRNAs are considered as promising clinical targets for PC. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence regarding the clinical implications of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of PC, their future potential, as well as the challenges that have arisen in this field of study in order to drive forward the design of ncRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics for PC.
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24
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Glycation-Associated Diabetic Nephropathy and the Role of Long Noncoding RNAs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102623. [PMID: 36289886 PMCID: PMC9599575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycation of various biomolecules is the root cause of many pathological conditions associated with diabetic nephropathy and end-stage kidney disease. Glycation imbalances metabolism and increases renal cell injury. Numerous therapeutic measures have narrowed down the adverse effects of endogenous glycation, but efficient and potent measures are miles away. Recent advances in the identification and characterization of noncoding RNAs, especially the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have opened a mammon of new biology to explore the mitigations for glycation-associated diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, tissue-specific distribution and condition-specific expression make lncRNA a promising key for second-generation therapeutic interventions. Though the techniques to identify and exemplify noncoding RNAs are rapidly evolving, the lncRNA study encounters multiple methodological constraints. This review will discuss lncRNAs and their possible involvement in glycation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) signaling pathways. We further highlight the possible approaches for lncRNA-based therapeutics and their working mechanism for perturbing glycation and conclude our review with lncRNAs biology-related future opportunities.
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25
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Chen Q, Ji H, Lin Y, Chen Z, Liu Y, Jin L, Peng R. LncRNAs regulate ferroptosis to affect diabetes and its complications. Front Physiol 2022; 13:993904. [PMID: 36225311 PMCID: PMC9548856 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.993904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes and its complications poses a serious threat to human health. Ferroptosis, which is a new nonapoptotic form of cell death, has been proven to be closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications. In recent years, lncRNAs have been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes and play an important role in regulating ferroptosis. An increasing number of studies have shown that lncRNAs can affect the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications by regulating ferroptosis. Therefore, lncRNAs have great potential as therapeutic targets for regulating ferroptosis-mediated diabetes and its complications. This paper reviewed the potential impact and regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis on diabetes and its complications, focusing on the effects of lncRNAs on the occurrence and development of ferroptosis-mediated diabetes and its complications and the regulation of ferroptosis-inducing reactive oxygen species, the key ferroptosis regulator Nrf2 and the NF-κB signaling pathway to provide new therapeutic strategies for the development of lncRNA-regulated ferroptosis-targeted drugs to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University and Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zheyan Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University and Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinai Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Libo Jin, ; Renyi Peng,
| | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Libo Jin, ; Renyi Peng,
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26
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Rodrigues KF, Yong WTL, Bhuiyan MSA, Siddiquee S, Shah MD, Venmathi Maran BA. Current Understanding on the Genetic Basis of Key Metabolic Disorders: A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091308. [PMID: 36138787 PMCID: PMC9495729 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic disorders (MD) are a challenge to healthcare systems; the emergence of the modern socio-economic system has led to a profound change in lifestyles in terms of dietary habits, exercise regimens, and behavior, all of which complement the genetic factors associated with MD. Diabetes Mellitus and Familial hypercholesterolemia are two of the 14 most widely researched MD, as they pose the greatest challenge to the public healthcare system and have an impact on productivity and the economy. Research findings have led to the development of new therapeutic molecules for the mitigation of MD as well as the invention of experimental strategies, which target the genes themselves via gene editing and RNA interference. Although these approaches may herald the emergence of a new toolbox to treat MD, the current therapeutic approaches still heavily depend on substrate reduction, dietary restrictions based on genetic factors, exercise, and the maintenance of good mental health. The development of orphan drugs for the less common MD such as Krabbe, Farber, Fabry, and Gaucher diseases, remains in its infancy, owing to the lack of investment in research and development, and this has driven the development of personalized therapeutics based on gene silencing and related technologies. Abstract Advances in data acquisition via high resolution genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic platforms have driven the discovery of the underlying factors associated with metabolic disorders (MD) and led to interventions that target the underlying genetic causes as well as lifestyle changes and dietary regulation. The review focuses on fourteen of the most widely studied inherited MD, which are familial hypercholesterolemia, Gaucher disease, Hunter syndrome, Krabbe disease, Maple syrup urine disease, Metachromatic leukodystrophy, Mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis stroke-like episodes (MELAS), Niemann-Pick disease, Phenylketonuria (PKU), Porphyria, Tay-Sachs disease, Wilson’s disease, Familial hypertriglyceridemia (F-HTG) and Galactosemia based on genome wide association studies, epigenetic factors, transcript regulation, post-translational genetic modifications and biomarker discovery through metabolomic studies. We will delve into the current approaches being undertaken to analyze metadata using bioinformatic approaches and the emerging interventions using genome editing platforms as applied to animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Francis Rodrigues
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.F.R.); (B.A.V.M.); Tel.: +60-16-2096905 (B.A.V.M.)
| | - Wilson Thau Lym Yong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.F.R.); (B.A.V.M.); Tel.: +60-16-2096905 (B.A.V.M.)
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27
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Wang J, Zhang LH, Kang YM, Wang XH, Jiang CY. The regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of lncRNA Gm10451 on islet cell dysfunction in children with diabetes. Front Genet 2022; 13:927471. [PMID: 36003336 PMCID: PMC9393641 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.927471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of islet β-cells is one of the causes of diabetes, and lncRNA Gm10451 is also a participant in the occurrence and the development of various diseases. This study was carried out to reveal the correlation within β-cells and Gm10451. Our study was started with the cellular cultivation of MIN6 cells in vitro, where this islet β-cell line was randomly divided into the groups of control, hyperglycemia, Gm10451 siRNA tansfection, and Gm10451 tansfection. Of all these treatments, cells in the groups of Gm10451 siRNA tansfection and Gm10451 tansfection were given with lentiviral transfection under hyperglycemia condition. Further explorations were established using PCR assay and MTT method to evaluate Gm10451 expression and estimate cellular proliferation. It ended up with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess Caspase 3 activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and the secretion of IL-10 and IL-1. It was found that Gm10451 expression in MIN6 cells under hyperglycemia cultivation was notably higher than the control group; likewise, a transfection with the lentivirus of Gm10451 also resulted in the upregulation of Gm10451 expression, succeeded with inhibiting cellular proliferation, enhancing Caspase 3 activity, and decreasing SOD activity. In the lentivirus transfection groups, transfection of Gm10451 elevated the ROS content and promoted IL-1 expression, and it also decreased both IL-10 expression and insulin secretion, leading to a consequence of statistically significant difference in contrast to the high-glucose group; on the contrary, transfection of Gm10451 siRNA in a high-glucose environment downregulated the expression of Gm10451 and inversed those change before, whose results were statistically significant when compared with the high-glucose group. Hyperglycemia promotes the expression of Gm10451. Targeting inhibition toward Gm10451 alleviates cellular apoptosis and the oxidative stress of islet cells, promoting proliferation and insulin secretion of islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-hai Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-ming Kang,
| | - Xian-he Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chun-yu Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
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Cao J, Chen C, Chen Q, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Li A, Yang S, He Y, Zu X, Liu J. Extracellular vesicle miR-32 derived from macrophage promotes arterial calcification in mice with type 2 diabetes via inhibiting VSMC autophagy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:307. [PMID: 35794619 PMCID: PMC9258116 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The development of diabetes vascular calcification (VC) is tightly associated with the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) autophagy. Previously, our team found that miR-32-5p (miR-32) promotes macrophage activation, and miR-32 is expressed at higher level in the plasma of patients with coronary calcification. However, whether miR-32 mediates the function of macrophages in type 2 diabetes (T2D) VC is still unclear.
Methods
Wild-type (WT) and miR-32−/− mice were used in this study. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to analyze gene expression. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the influence of glucose concentration on macrophage polarization. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy were used to identify macrophage extracellular vehicles (EVs). Immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry, and alizarin red staining were used to analyze the influence of macrophage EVs on autophagy and calcification of the aorta of miR-32−/− mice. A luciferase assay was used to analyze the effect of miR-32 on myocyte enhancer factor 2D (Mef2d) expression. Co-IP combined with mass spectrometry (MS) and transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the signalling pathway by which Mef2d acts in VSMC autophagy.
Results
We found that high glucose conditions upregulate miR-32 expression in macrophages and their EVs. Importantly, macrophages and their EVs promote VSMC osteogenic differentiation and upregulate miR-32 expression in VSMCs. Moreover, miR-32 mimics transfection promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited autophagy in VSMCs. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Mef2d is the key target gene of miR-32 that inhibits VSMC autophagy. Furthermore, MS and transcriptome sequencing found that cGMP-PKG is an important signalling pathway by which Mef2d regulates VSMC autophagy. In addition, after T2D miR-32−/− mice were injected with macrophage EVs via the caudal vein, miR-32 was detected in aortic VSMCs of miR-32−/− mice. Moreover, autophagy was significantly inhibited, and calcification was significantly enhanced in aorta cells.
Conclusions
These results reveal that EVs are the key pathway by which macrophages promote T2D VC, and that EVs miR-32 is a key cause of autophagy inhibition in VSMCs.
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Chen Z, Natarajan R. Epigenetic modifications in metabolic memory: What are the memories, and can we erase them? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C570-C582. [PMID: 35785987 PMCID: PMC9359656 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00201.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inherent and acquired abnormalities in gene regulation due to the influence of genetics and epigenetics (traits related to environment rather than genetic factors) underly many diseases including diabetes. Diabetes could lead to multiple complications including retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular disease that greatly increase morbidity and mortality. Epigenetic changes have also been linked to diabetes-related complications. Genes associated with many pathophysiological features of these vascular complications (e.g., inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress) can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms involving histone posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure/remodeling and noncoding RNAs. Intriguingly, these epigenetic changes triggered during early periods of hyperglycemic exposure and uncontrolled diabetes are not immediately corrected even after restoration of normoglycemia and metabolic balance. This latency in effect across time and conditions is associated with persistent development of complications in diabetes with prior history of poor glycemic control, termed as metabolic memory or legacy effect. Epigenetic modifications are generally reversible and provide a window of therapeutic opportunity to ameliorate cellular dysfunction and mitigate or 'erase' metabolic memory. Notably, trained immunity and related epigenetic changes transmitted from hematopoietic stem cells to innate immune cells have also been implicated in metabolic memory. Hence, identification of epigenetic variations at candidate genes, or epigenetic signatures genome-wide by epigenome-wide association studies can aid in prompt diagnosis to prevent progression of complications and identification of much-needed new therapeutic targets. Herein, we provide a review of epigenetics and epigenomics in metabolic memory of diabetic complications covering the current basic research, clinical data, and translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
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Zhao F, Li S, Liu J, Wang J, Yang B. Long non-coding RNA TRIM52-AS1 sponges microRNA-577 to facilitate diffuse large B cell lymphoma progression via increasing TRIM52 expression. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1234-1247. [PMID: 35676608 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) globally, featuring heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and altered molecular manifestations. The long non-coding ribose nucleic acids (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of DLBCL, requiring the exploration of complex functions and mechanisms. In this study, the expression of lncRNA TRIM52-AS1 in DLBCL tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was initially analyzed and correlated to the data from collected clinical samples. Then, the significance of TRIM52-AS1 on the diagnosis and prognosis of DLBCL patients was predicted with the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis. Further, cell counting kit (CCK)-8, EdU staining, and flow cytometry analyses were performed to assess the effect of TRIM52-AS1 on DLBCL cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Then, the mechanism of TRIM52-AS1 sponging miR-577 to increase TRIM52 expression was explored using a starBase prediction approach, dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blot analyses. The experimental results confirmed the overexpression of TRIM52-AS1 in the DLBCL cell lines. Further, the high expression of TRIM52-AS1 predicted the poor Ann Arbor stage and were correlated with the presence of B symptoms, high international prognostic index, and poor disease prognosis. TRIM52-AS1 knockdown inhibited the DLBCL cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cycle arrest. Interestingly, the overexpression of TRIM52-AS1 increased the mRNA stability of TRIM52 through binding IGFBP3 protein and upregulated the TRIM52 protein expression by sponging miR-577. Together, the overexpressed TRIM52-AS1 could promote the DLBCL progression through IGFBP3/miR-218-5p/TRIM52 axis, highlighting the clinical significance of TRIM52-AS1 in the DLBCL diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Middle Xinhua Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Shucheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Middle Xinhua Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Hematology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Middle Xinhua Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Middle Xinhua Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Decoding microRNA drivers in Atherosclerosis. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231479. [PMID: 35758143 PMCID: PMC9289798 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 97% of the human genome consists of non-protein-coding sequences. As our understanding of genome regulation improves, this has led to the characterization of a diverse array of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). Among these, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) belong to the short ncRNA class (22–25 nucleotides in length), with approximately 2500 miRNA genes encoded within the human genome. From a therapeutic perspective, there is interest in exploiting miRNA as biomarkers of disease progression and response to treatments, as well as miRNA mimics/repressors as novel medicines. miRNA have emerged as an important class of RNA master regulators with important roles identified in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a chronic inflammatory build-up, driven largely by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol accumulation within the artery wall and vascular injury, including endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte recruitment and vascular remodelling. Conventional therapy focuses on lifestyle interventions, blood pressure-lowering medications, high-intensity statin therapy and antiplatelet agents. However, a significant proportion of patients remain at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This continued cardiovascular risk is referred to as residual risk. Hence, a new drug class targeting atherosclerosis could synergise with existing therapies to optimise outcomes. Here, we review our current understanding of the role of ncRNA, with a focus on miRNA, in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, highlighting novel biological mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.
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32
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Xiang Z, Liqing Y, Qingqing Y, Qiang H, Hongbo C. Retard or exacerbate: Role of long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 in the fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:89-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Phang RJ, Ritchie RH, Hausenloy DJ, Lees JG, Lim SY. Cellular interplay between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:668-690. [PMID: 35388880 PMCID: PMC10153440 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently exhibit a distinctive cardiac phenotype known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac complications associated with T2DM include cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in the early stages of the disease, which can progress to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Effective therapeutic options for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited and often have conflicting results. The lack of effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy is due in part, to our poor understanding of the disease development and progression, as well as a lack of robust and valid preclinical human models that can accurately recapitulate the pathophysiology of the human heart. In addition to cardiomyocytes, the heart contains a heterogeneous population of non-myocytes including fibroblasts, vascular cells, autonomic neurons and immune cells. These cardiac non-myocytes play important roles in cardiac homeostasis and disease, yet the effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia on these cell types are often overlooked in preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells provides a new paradigm in which to model diabetic cardiomyopathy as they can be differentiated into all cell types in the human heart. This review will discuss the roles of cardiac non-myocytes and their dynamic intercellular interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will also discuss the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy and their known impacts on non-myocytes. These developments will no doubt facilitate the discovery of novel treatment targets for preventing the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Phang
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Sriram K, Luo Y, Yuan D, Malhi NK, Tapia A, Samara VA, Natarajan R, Bouman Chen Z. Vascular Regulation by Super Enhancer-Derived LINC00607. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:881916. [PMID: 35837599 PMCID: PMC9274098 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.881916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play a pivotal role in whole body homeostasis. Recent advances have revealed enhancer-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators in EC function. We investigated LINC00607, a super enhancer-derived lncRNA (SE-lncRNA) in human arteries with an emphasis on ECs. Based on public databases and our single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from human arteries collected from healthy and diabetic donors, we found that LINC00607 is abundantly expressed in the arteries and its level is increased in diabetic humans. Using RNA-sequencing, we characterized the transcriptomes regulated by LINC00607 in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in basal and diabetic conditions in ECs. Furthermore, through transcriptomic and promoter analysis, we identified c-Myc as an upstream transcription factor of LINC00607. Finally, using scRNA-seq, we demonstrated that modified antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of LINC00607 can reverse dysfunctional changes induced by high glucose and TNFα in ECs. Collectively, our study demonstrates a multi-pronged approach to characterize LINC00607 in vascular cells and its gene regulatory networks in ECs and VSMCs. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation and function of SE-derived lncRNAs in both vascular homeostasis and dysfunction in a cell-type and context-dependent manner, which could have a significant impact on our understanding of epigenetic regulation implicated in cardiovascular health and diseases like diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sriram
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Yingjun Luo
| | - Dongqiang Yuan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Naseeb Kaur Malhi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Alonso Tapia
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Vishnu Amaram Samara
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Rama Natarajan
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhen Bouman Chen
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Kowluru RA. Long Noncoding RNAs and Mitochondrial Homeostasis in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915031. [PMID: 35733767 PMCID: PMC9207305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes, which a patient fears the most. Hyperglycemic environment results in many structural, functional, molecular and biochemical abnormalities in the retina, and overproduction of mitochondrial superoxide, induced by hyperglycemic milieu, is considered to play a central role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Expression of many genes associated with maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is also altered. Recent research has shown that several long noncoding RNAs, RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides but without any reading frames, are aberrantly expressed in diabetes, and altered expression of these long noncoding RNAs is now being implicated in the development of diabetes and its complications including retinopathy. This review focuses the role of long noncoding RNAs in the development of diabetic retinopathy, with a special emphasis on the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Kowluru RA, Mohammad G. Epigenetic modifications in diabetes. Metabolism 2022; 126:154920. [PMID: 34715117 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is now considered as a 'silent epidemic' that claims over four million lives every year, and the disease knows no socioeconomic boundaries. Despite extensive efforts by the National and International organizations, and cutting-edge research, about 11% world's population is expected to suffer from diabetes (and its complications) by year 2045. This life-long disease damages both the microvasculature and the macrovasculature of the body, and affects many metabolic and molecular pathways, altering the expression of many genes. Recent research has shown that external factors, such as environmental factors, lifestyle and pollutants can also regulate gene expression, and contribute in the disease development and progression. Many epigenetic modifications are implicated in the development of micro- and macro- vascular complications including DNA methylation and histone modifications of several genes implicated in their development. Furthermore, several noncoding RNAs, such as micro RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are also altered, affecting many biochemical pathways. Epigenetic modifications, however, have the advantage that they could be passed to the next generation, or can be erased. They are now being explored as therapeutical target(s) in the cancer field, which opens up the possibility to use them for treating diabetes and preventing/slowing down its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, USA.
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, USA
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Zhang J, Jiang P, Tu Y, Li N, Huang Y, Jiang S, Kong W, Yuan R. Identification and validation of long non-coding RNA associated ceRNAs in intrauterine adhesion. Bioengineered 2021; 13:1039-1048. [PMID: 34968168 PMCID: PMC8805920 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2017578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is an endometrial fibrotic disease with unclear pathogenesis. Increasing evidence suggested the important role of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in diseases. This study aimed to identify and verify the key long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated-ceRNAs in IUA. The lncRNA/mRNA expression file was obtained by transcriptome sequencing of IUA and normal samples. The microRNAs expression date was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential expressions of mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs were analyzed using the DESeq2 (2010) R package. Protein interaction network was constructed to explore hub genes. TargetScan and miRanda databases were used to predicate the interaction. Enrichment analysis in Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were performed to identify the biological functions of ceRNAs. Regression analysis of ceRNAs’ expression level was performed. There were 915 mRNAs and 418 lncRNAs differentially expressed. AURKA, CDC20, IL6, ASPM, CDCA8, BIRC5, UBE2C, H2AFX, RRM2 and CENPE were identified as hub genes. The ceRNAs network, including 28 lncRNAs, 28 miRNAs, and 299 mRNAs, was constructed. Regression analysis showed a good positive correlation between ceRNAs expression levels (r > 0.700, p < 0.001). The enriched functions include ion transmembrane transport, focal adhesion, cAMP signaling pathway and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. The novel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in IUA was excavated. Crucial lncRNAs such as ADIRF-AS1, LINC00632, DIO3OS, MBNL1-AS1, MIR1-1HG-AS1, AC100803.2 was involved in the development of IUA. cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and ion transport might be new directions for IUA pathogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Tu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhen Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Pharmacological Actions, Molecular Mechanisms, Pharmacokinetic Progressions, and Clinical Applications of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Antidiabetic Research. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:4560012. [PMID: 34938814 PMCID: PMC8687819 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4560012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a nutraceutical compound derived from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), has been shown as an effective therapeutic agent in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Our previous study showed that the effect of HSYA on high-glucose-induced podocyte injury is related to its anti-inflammatory activities via macrophage polarization. Based on the information provided on PubMed, Scopus and Wanfang database, we currently aim to provide an updated overview of the role of HSYA in antidiabetic research from the following points: pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetic progressions, and clinical applications. The pharmacokinetic research of HSYA has laid foundations for the clinical applications of HSYA injection in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. The application of HSYA as an antidiabetic oral medicament has been investigated based on its recent oral delivery system research. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological research indicated that the antidiabetic activities of HSYA were based mainly on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms via JNK/c-jun pathway, NOX4 pathway, and macrophage differentiation. Further anti-inflammatory exploration related to NF-κB signaling, MAPK pathway, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway might deserve attention in the future. The anti-inflammatory activities of HSYA related to diabetes and diabetic complications will be a highlight in our following research.
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Liu H, Cai X, Liu J, Zhang F, He A, Li R. The MEG3 lncRNA promotes trophoblastic cell growth and invasiveness in preeclampsia by acting as a sponge for miR-21, which regulates BMPR2 levels. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65:3323. [PMID: 34818876 PMCID: PMC8636837 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact and regulatory mechanisms of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) on the progression of PE. We obtained placental tissues from pregnant women with PE and normal pregnant women, and the results showed that BMPR2 was expressed at low levels in the tissue from PE women. Genetic knockdown of BMPR2 increased the proliferation and invasion of cultured trophoblast cells, whereas its overexpression reduced these characteristics. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that BMPR2 is a direct target of miR-21. Overexpression of a miR-21 inhibitor promoted the growth and invasiveness of trophoblast cells, whereas the opposite results were observed for the miR-21 mimic. Furthermore, miR-21 was sponged by the lncRNA MEG3, and shRNA inhibition of MEG3 reduced trophoblast cell growth and invasiveness. miR-21 was upregulated in the tissues from PE women, whereas MEG3 was downregulated, and the two were negatively correlated. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the lncRNA MEG3 acts as a sponge for miR-21, which regulates BMPR2 expression and promotes trophoblast cell proliferation and invasiveness, thereby preventing the development of PE. These findings provide novel insight into a targeted therapy that could be used to treat or prevent the development of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Xiangdao Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Clinic, Zhongshan People's Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Andong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
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Samara VA, Das S, Reddy MA, Tanwar VS, Stapleton K, Leung A, Abdollahi M, Ganguly R, Lanting L, Natarajan R. Angiotensin II-Induced Long Non-Coding RNA Alivec Regulates Chondrogenesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2696. [PMID: 34685676 PMCID: PMC8535098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in Angiotensin II (AngII) signaling but their role in chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. We describe a novel AngII-induced lncRNA Alivec (Angiotensin II-induced lncRNA in VSMCs eliciting chondrogenic phenotype) implicated in VSMC chondrogenesis. In rat VSMCs, Alivec and the nearby gene Acan, a chondrogenic marker, were induced by growth factors AngII and PDGF and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. AngII co-regulated Alivec and Acan through the activation of AngII type1 receptor signaling and Sox9, a master transcriptional regulator of chondrogenesis. Alivec knockdown with GapmeR antisense-oligonucleotides attenuated the expression of AngII-induced chondrogenic marker genes, including Acan, and inhibited the chondrogenic phenotype of VSMCs. Conversely, Alivec overexpression upregulated these genes and promoted chondrogenic transformation. RNA-pulldown coupled to mass-spectrometry identified Tropomyosin-3-alpha and hnRNPA2B1 proteins as Alivec-binding proteins in VSMCs. Furthermore, male rats with AngII-driven hypertension showed increased aortic expression of Alivec and Acan. A putative human ortholog ALIVEC, was induced by AngII in human VSMCs, and this locus was found to harbor the quantitative trait loci affecting blood pressure. Together, these findings suggest that AngII-regulated lncRNA Alivec functions, at least in part, to mediate the AngII-induced chondrogenic transformation of VSMCs implicated in vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Aggrecans/genetics
- Aggrecans/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/genetics
- Chondrogenesis/drug effects
- Chondrogenesis/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Phenotype
- Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Tropomyosin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Amaram Samara
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Marpadga A. Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Kenneth Stapleton
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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