Association between metabolic scores for visceral fat and chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study

Association between metabolic score for visceral fat and obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study

Background

Previous studies have established a connection between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), novel surrogate markers of adipose accumulation may serve as more critical and reliable factors for consideration. Consequently, this study aims to explore and elucidate the correlation between metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) and OSA.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period from 2013 to 2020 were adopted. Through multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression (RCS), subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses, the correlation between METS-VF and OSA was explored.

Results

Among 8,284 subjects, 4,176 of them were categorized as having OSA. It was observed that the quartile range of METS-VF increased, with a notable rise in the prevalence of OSA (32.8% vs. 49.8% vs. 56.9% vs. 62.1%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed a significant positive correlation between METS-VF and the risk of having OSA, even after accounting for potential confounders (OR = 2.436, 95% CI: 2.065, 2.874). Subgroup analyses further revealed a stronger correlation between OSA and METS-VF among subjects who were female, younger, and Mexican Americans. RCS regression identified a positive linear correlation, without threshold effects. Sensitivity analyses with stop breathing (OR = 2.283, 95%CI: 1.169, 3.070) or snoring (OR = 2.716, 95%CI: 2.273, 3.246) as outcomes reaffirmed the positive correlation with METS-VF.

Conclusion

Elevated METS-VF demonstrated a linear correlation with the increased incidence of OSA, suggesting the potential utility as a predictive index for OSA.

Association of metabolic score for visceral fat with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study

AIM

Our study aimed to evaluate the association between the metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) and mortality.

METHODS

We conducted a cohort study comprising 11,120 participants. We employed weighted multivariable Cox regression analysis to assess the relationship between METS-VF and mortality. Restricted cubic spline analyses were used to investigate potential non-linear associations. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of METS-VF and other obesity-related indicators for mortality. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to confirm the robustness of the results. Mendelian randomization analysis was utilized to assess potential causality.

RESULTS

Over a median follow-up duration of 83 months, a total of 1014 all-cause deaths, 301 cardiovascular deaths, and 262 cancer deaths occurred. For every 0.2-unit increase in METS-VF, the hazard ratios(HRs) of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality were 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.20], 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.31), and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.25), respectively. In addition, restricted cubic spline analyses revealed no significant non-linear associations between METS-VF and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality. In multivariate Cox regression models, hazard ratios of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality were higher in the highest METS-VF group compared to the reference group. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed that our results were robust. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that METS-VF predicted mortality better than other obesity-related indicators. Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed significant causal relationships.

CONCLUSIONS

METS-VF was positively associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality. These findings suggest that METS-VF could serve as a straightforward, reliable, and cost-effective marker for identifying individuals at high risk of mortality.

Identification of metabolic syndrome using lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic index based on NHANES data from 2005 to 2018

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies indicate that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) significantly contribute to metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. This study aims to assess the distinguishing value of novel obesity markers, specifically lipid accumulation products (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI), in relation to MetS. Considering the gender disparity in MetS prevalence, it is essential to explore whether LAP and CMI exhibit differential distinguishing capabilities by gender.

METHOD

The investigation included a total of 11,687 qualified individuals who participated in the NHANES survey spanning a 14-year period from 2005 to 2018. Biochemical analysis of blood and body measurements were utilized to determine LAP and CMI values for each participant. Inclusion of gender as a variable was a key factor in the examination of all data. Restricted cube plots (RCS) were utilized to analyze the strength of the relationship between LAP, CMI, and MetS. The study delved into potential connections between LAP and CMI with MetS, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using various statistical models such as multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression.

RESULTS

The findings revealed a significant nonlinear association between CMI, LAP, and MetS (P-non-linear < 0.001), irrespective of gender, with all models exhibiting a J-shaped trend. The multivariable logistic regression analysis considered both LAP and CMI as continuous variables or tertiles, revealing significant associations with MetS in male, female, and general populations (All the P < 0.001). Although males displayed a higher risk of MetS, no gender differences were observed in the area under the curve (AUC) values of LAP and CMI for distinguishing (P > 0.005) MetS. Impressively, LAP and CMI were identified as the primary predictors of MetS in both genders from AUC (P < 0.005). More specifically, the cutoff points for distinguishing MetS in females were LAP = 49.87 or CMI = 0.56, while for males, they were LAP = 52.76 or CMI = 0.70. Additionally, the Cox regression analysis revealed that LAP and CMI were correlated with all-cause mortality in both general population and females (P < 0.005), but not in males.

CONCLUSION

In comparison to other measures of obesity, LAP and CMI demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for MetS in both males and females. Additionally, LAP and CMI were found to be predictive of all-cause mortality in both general population and females. These markers are cost-effective, easily accessible, and widely applicable for the early identification and screening of MetS in clinical settings.

Elevated metabolic score for visceral fat was associated with increased prevalence of gallstones in American adults: a cross-sectional study

Background

Metabolic Visceral Fat Score (METS-VF) recently introduced is posited to be a superior metric for assessing visceral adipose tissues (VAT) compared to traditional obesity indexes. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between METS-VF and the incidence of gallstones.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed. And the correlation between METS-VF and the incidence of gallstones was explored through multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression.

Results

This study included 5,975 participants, of whom 645 (10.8%) were gallstone formers. As the quartile range of METS-VF increased, a notable rise in the prevalence of gallstones was observed (3.2% vs. 7.4% vs. 12.1% vs. 20.6%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses indicated a significant positive correlation between METS-VF and the risk of gallstones (OR = 3.075, 95% CI: 2.158, 4.381). Subgroup analyses further revealed a stronger correlation between gallstones and METS-VF in subjects over 50 years old. RCS regression identified a non-linear positive correlation, with an inflection point at 6.698. Finally, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of METS-VF was significantly larger (AUC = 0.705, 95%: 0.685, 0.725) than those of traditional obesity indexes and other VAT surrogate markers.

Conclusion

This study is the first to reveal a significant positive correlation between the prevalence of gallstones and METS-VF, with METS-VF outperforming other VAT surrogate markers in the diagnosis of gallstones.

Association between cardiometabolic index (CMI) and periodontitis in US adults: analysis of NHANES data (2009-2014)

BACKGROUND

The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a new predictor of obesity-related diseases, but its link to periodontitis is under-researched. This study aims to examine the potential association between the CMI and periodontitis.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2009-2014) to examine the potential association between CMI and periodontitis. The study utilized a weighted multivariate logistic model to assess the association between TG, HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, obesity indices (BMI, WC, WHtR, CMI), and periodontitis, employing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) to estimate areas under the curve (AUC). Furthermore, generalized smooth curve fitting was conducted to examine the relationship between CMI and periodontitis. Finally, the study incorporated subgroup analysis and interaction tests to examine consistency across different populations.

RESULTS

TG/HDL-C, WHtR, and CMI were positively associated with periodontitis in the fully adjusted classification model. It was observed that for each unit increase in CMI, there was a corresponding 17.8% increase in the prevalence of periodontitis [1.178 (1.049, 1.322) 0.00562] and 18.7% increase in the prevalence of moderate/severe [1.187 (1.057, 1.334) 0.00376] in the fully adjusted model. When CMI was used as a categorical variable, the adjusted OR for periodontitis prevalence increased significantly with increasing CMI after adjusting for all potential covariates (T3 vs. T1: OR, 1.28 [1.06, 1.55], p < 0.05). The ROC analysis indicated that a larger area under the curve was found in the CMI [0.554 (0.538-0.570)] than in the WC [0.544 (0.528-0.560)] and WHtR [0.544 (0.528-0.561)]. Nonetheless, the discrepancy observed did not reach statistical significance (all p > 0.05). Further generalized smooth curve fitting and threshold effect models indicated a positive linear correlation between CMI and periodontitis. Moreover, there is no interactive association between TG/HDL-C, WHtR, CMI, and periodontitis.

CONCLUSIONS

This cross-sectional study revealed a positive relationship between CMI and periodontitis. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate our findings.

Exploring the Relationship Between Visceral Fat and Coronary Artery Calcification Risk Using Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF)

BACKGROUND

Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) is a novel indicator for estimating intra-abdominal fat, yet its connection with coronary artery calcification (CAC) remains uncharted. Our research aims to explore the novel METS-VF indicator's link to CAC while comparing its performance against relevant anthropometric indices.

METHODS

This study enrolled participants who underwent health checkups and computed tomography scans for categorizing severity of CAC using the coronary artery calcium score. The METS-VF was calculated and compared with anthropometric indices in estimating the presence of CAC and different CAC severity using receiver operating characteristic curves.

RESULTS

Overall, 1217 participants (mean age 50.7 ± 9.9, 53.8% male) were included. METS-VF (odds ratio [OR], 1.506; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.181-1.921; p = 0.001) was positively associated with the presence of CAC, even after accounting for cardiometabolic factors. Notably, METS-VF was positively associated with mild (OR, 1.450; 95% CI, 1.115-1.886; p = 0.006), moderate (OR, 1.865; 95% CI, 1.137-3.062; p = 0.014), and severe (OR, 2.316; 95% CI, 1.090-4.923; p = 0.029) CAC. Moreover, METS-VF yielded the highest area under curve (AUC) value in the estimation of the CAC presence (AUC = 0.710), mild (AUC = 0.682), moderate (AUC = 0.757), and severe (AUC = 0.807) CAC when compared with body mass index, waist circumference, visceral adiposity index, triglyceride-glucose index, and metabolic score for insulin resistance. The optimal METS-VF cut-off value was 6.4 for predicting CAC.

CONCLUSIONS

METS-VF emerged as a strong independent marker for detecting CAC presence across mild, moderate, and severe CAC categories, outperforming major anthropometric indices in accurately estimating the presence of CAC and different severity of CAC.

Association between visceral lipid accumulation indicators and gallstones: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2017-2020

BACKGROUND

Obesity is a major contributing factor to the formation of gallstones. As early identification typically results in improved outcomes, we explored the relationship between visceral lipid accumulation indicators and the occurrence of gallstones.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study involved 3,224 adults. The researchers employed multivariable logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting (SCF), threshold effects analysis, and subgroup analysis to examine the relationship between metabolic scores for visceral fat (METS-VF), waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation products (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) and gallstones. A Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to identify key factors which were then used in the construction of a nomogram model. The diagnostic efficacy of this model in detecting gallstones was then determined using receiver operating characteristic curves.

RESULTS

Visceral lipid accumulation indicators were strongly linked to the likelihood of having gallstones. Specific saturation effects for METS-VF, WC, LAP, and VAI and gallstones were determined using SCF. The inflection points for these effects were found to be 8.565, 108.400, 18.056, and 1.071, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that associations remained consistent in most subgroups. The nomogram model, which was developed using critical features identified by LASSO regression, demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability, as indicated by an area under the curve value of 0.725.

CONCLUSIONS

Studies have shown that increases in METS-VF, WC, LAP, and VAI are linked to increased prevalences of gallstones. The nomogram model, designed with critical parameters identified using LASSO regression, exhibits a strong association with the presence of gallstones.

Obesity-related renal dysfunction: gender-specific influence of visceral adiposity and early impact of metabolic and bariatric surgery

Introduction

Renal dysfunction is a recognized complication of obesity with an incompletely characterized pathophysiology. Improvement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has been reported across all classes of renal function. Inter-gender differences with regard to correlates of renal function have been described, but the influence of body composition is an understudied area. We aimed to explore determinants of renal function in obesity and to assess its variations after MBS, with a focus on body composition parameters in males and females, respectively.

Materials methods

We conducted a retrospective study on 196 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, evaluated preoperatively and 6 months after the intervention. Recorded data included clinical and biochemical assessment, as well as body composition estimation via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum creatinine-based formulas were used for the estimation of GFR.

Results

We included a total of 196 patients (80 males and 116 females), with a mean age of 41.43 ± 10.79. Median baseline body mass index was 42.6 (6.61) kg/m2 and 6 months excess weight loss (EWL) reached 71.43 ± 17.18%, in females, estimated GFR correlated negatively with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (rho=-.368) and this correlation was stronger in females with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, women in the third VAT mass tertile were 5 times more likely to have reduced GFR compared to the first tertile. Renal function improved after MBS across all classes of filtration. In males, this improvement correlated with EWL (rho=.358) and lean mass variation (rho=-.412), while in females it correlated with VAT mass variation (rho=-.266).

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with previous findings on the positive impact of MBS on renal function and suggest a more prominent impact of visceral adiposity on GFR in females.

Association between lipid accumulation product index and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Diabetes mellitus and lipid metabolism disorders are increasingly recognized as key contributors to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, a novel marker of lipid accumulation, has potential implications for CKD risk assessment. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between LAP index and CKD, with an emphasis on varying impacts in diabetic and non-diabetic populations. A comprehensive search for relevant publications was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases, and a meta-analysis of 17 studies was performed to investigate the relationship between LAP index and CKD. The random-effects inverse-variance model employing the DerSimonian-Laird estimator for τ² was utilized to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, with calculations of the area under the ROC curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and diagnostic OR. The pooled OR for the association between higher quintiles or tertiles of LAP index and CKD was 1.098 (95% CI: 1.043-1.152), with substantial heterogeneity (I²=91.2%) and evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in non-diabetic (OR=2.422, 95% CI: 1.802-3.042) compared with diabetic patients (OR=1.018, 95% CI: 0.993-1.043). The diagnostic accuracy of LAP index for CKD was moderate (AUROC=0.64), with sensitivity and specificity estimates of 0.58 and 0.63, respectively. In conclusion, in the present study, LAP index demonstrated a modest but significant association with CKD, particularly in non-diabetic patients. Despite its moderate diagnostic accuracy, the LAP index could serve as a valuable tool in CKD risk stratification, particularly when integrated with other clinical markers.

Association between metabolic score of visceral fat and carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese health screening population: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) quantifies the cumulative burden of visceral and intra-abdominal adipose tissues. However, the relationship between the METS-VF and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) has not been extensively explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the METS-VF and CAS.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study enrolled 7089 Chinese adults who underwent physical examinations at the Zhenhai Lianhua Hospital, Zhejiang, China, in 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the linear relationship between METS-VF and CAS. Generalised additive models (GAM) were employed to evaluate potential nonlinear associations. The inflection points of METS-VF were determined using segmented logistic regression analysis optimised for maximum likelihood ratios and recursive algorithms.

RESULTS

Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between METS-VF and CAS (odds ratio [OR]: 1.824, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.753-1.899; P < 0.001). The GAM analysis confirmed a nonlinear association between them [effective degrees of freedom: 4.803, χ2: 876.7, P < 0.001], with an inflection point at a METS-VF of 8.09 (P < 0.001 for log-likelihood ratio test). Below this inflection point, METS-VF exhibited a significant positive association with CAS risk (OR: 1.874, 95% CI: 1.796-1.954; P < 0.001). Conversely, no significant association was observed when METS-VF ≥ 8.09 (OR: 0.998, 95% CI: 0.786-1.268; P = 0.989).

CONCLUSIONS

METS-VF and CAS demonstrated a positive non-linear correlation, with the curve indicating a saturation effect at METS-VF = 8.09.

Investigating a novel surrogate indicator of adipose accumulation in relation to erectile dysfunction

INTRODUCTION

Although previous studies have linked obesity and erectile dysfunction, the novel surrogate indicators of adipose accumulation are more essential and dependable factors to consider. Therefore, the primary objective of the current investigation was to examine and clarify the association between metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) and erectile dysfunction.

METHODS

Firstly, multivariate logistic regression analysis, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis were employed to investigate the association between METS-VF and erectile dysfunction. Mediation analysis was also performed to evaluate the mediating role of homocysteine and inflammation. After that, subgroup analysis was carried out to examine the stability of the correlation of METS-VF with erectile dysfunction in various population settings. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm were utilized to assess the capability of identifying METS-VF in comparison to the other four obesity-related indicators in identifying erectile dysfunction.

RESULTS

After adjusting for all confounding factors, METS-VF was strongly and favourablely correlated with erectile dysfunction. With each additional unit rise in METS-VF, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction increased by 141%. A J-shaped relationship between METS-VF and erectile dysfunction was discovered through smoothed curve fitting. Marital status, physical activity, and smoking status can potentially modify this association. This finding of the ROC curve suggests that METS-VF had a powerful identifying capacity for erectile dysfunction (AUC = 0.7351). Homocysteine and inflammation mediated 4.24% and 2.81%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The findings of the current investigation suggest that METS-VF can be considered a dependable identifying indicator of erectile dysfunction.

Association between Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat and the risk of hypertension in different ethnic groups: a prospective cohort study in Southwest China

Objective

Visceral adipose tissue assessment holds significant importance in hypertension prevention. This study aimed to explore the association between the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF), a new indicator based on laboratory and anthropometry measures, and hypertension risk and to further investigate the association between the METS-VF and the risk of hypertension in different ethnic groups.

Methods

In this study, a total of 9,280 people from 48 townships in 12 districts (counties) of Guizhou Province were selected for the survey using a multistage cluster random sampling method, and 5,127 cases were finally included in the analysis after excluding those with missing relevant data, losing visits, dying at follow-up, those who suffered from hypertension at baseline, and those whose information on the outcome of hypertension was not clear. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) between METS-VF and incident hypertension, and an accelerated failure time (AFT) model was applied to analyze the association between METS-VF and the onset time of hypertension.

Results

The total person-years (PYs) of the 5,127 subjects were 36,188.52 years, and the median follow-up time was 6.64 years. During follow-up, 1,127 patients were newly diagnosed with hypertension, and the incidence density was 31.14/1,000 PYs. After adjusting for multivariables, compared with the METS-VF first (Q1), the third (Q3) and fourth (Q4) groups of the METS-VF increased by 29.9% and 61.5%, respectively (HR = 1.299 [1.061, 1.590] and 1.615 [1.280, 2.036]). The risk of hypertension increased with higher METS-VF values (HR = 1.323 [1.167, 1.500], ptrend < 0.001). In the Han Chinese population, Q2 and Q3 increased the risk of hypertension (HR = 1.459 [1.111, 1.917], 1.999 [1.417, 2.718]), and the onset of hypertension was advanced by 0.653 (β = -0.653 (-0.930, -0.375]) years for per 1 unit increase in METS-VF. However, these associations were not found in ethnic minorities.

Conclusion

METS-VF was significantly positively associated with the risk of hypertension, and the association was different among ethnic groups.

The newly proposed Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat is a reliable tool for identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, requiring attention to age-specific effects in both sexes

Objective

The newly proposed Metabolic Visceral Fat Score (METS-VF) is considered a more effective measure for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) than other obesity indicators. This study aimed to reveal the association between METS-VF and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its variations across age groups within both sexes.

Methods

Data from 14,251 medical examiners in the NAGALA project were employed in this study. 3D fitted surface plots were constructed based on multivariate logistic regression models to visualize the isolated and combined effects of aging and METS-VF on NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to compare the diagnostic performance of METS-VF with other VAT surrogate markers in predicting NAFLD.

Results

The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that each unit increase in METS-VF was independently associated with a 333% and 312% increase in the odds of NAFLD in males and females, respectively. Additionally, the 3D fitted surface plot showed that age significantly influenced the association between METS-VF and the odds of NAFLD in both sexes, as follows: (i) In males, when METS-VF was less than 6.2, the METS-VF-related odds of NAFLD increased gradually with age in the 20-45 age group, reached a plateau in the 45-65 age group, and then decreased in the group above 65 years old; however, when male METS-VF exceeded 6.2, aging and METS-VF combined to further increase the odds of NAFLD in all age groups, particularly in the 45-65 age group. (ii) In females, aging seemed to reduce METS-VF-related odds of NAFLD in the 18-40 age group, but significantly increased it in the 40-60 age group, particularly for those with higher METS-VF levels. Further ROC analysis revealed that compared to other VAT surrogate markers, METS-VF showed the highest diagnostic accuracy for NAFLD in females, especially in those under 45 years of age [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9256].

Conclusions

This study firstly revealed a significant positive correlation between METS-VF and the odds of NAFLD, with METS-VF surpassing other VAT surrogate markers in NAFLD diagnosis. Moreover, age significantly influenced the METS-VF-related odds of NAFLD and METS-VF's diagnostic efficacy for NAFLD in both sexes.

Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

AIMS

We aimed to investigate the potential association between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

DESIGN AND METHODS

This research examined data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 1999 to 2020. CKD was defined as the low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or the existence of albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30mg/g). Low-eGFR was described as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. The associations between WWI with CKD, albuminuria, and low-eGFR were examined using generalized additive models and weighted multivariable logistic regression models. We also analyzed the associations of other obesity indicators with CKD, albuminuria, and low-eGFR, including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference(WC), height, and weight. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess and compare their diagnostic abilities.

RESULTS

Males made up 48.26% of the total 40,421 individuals that were recruited. The prevalences of CKD, albuminuria, and low-eGFR were 16.71%, 10.97%, and 7.63%, respectively. WWI was found to be positively linked with CKD (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.60). A nonlinear connection between WWI and CKD was found using smooth curve fitting. Additionally, a higher prevalence of albuminuria is linked to a higher level of WWI (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.82). Different stratifications did not substantially influence the connection between WWI and CKD, albuminuria, and low-eGFR, according to subgroup analysis and interaction tests. We observed higher height was related to higher low-eGFR prevalence (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.06). ROC analysis revealed that WWI had the best discrimination and accuracy for predicting CKD and albuminuria compared to other obesity indicators (BMI, WHTR, WC, height and weight). In addition, height had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value for predicting low-eGFR.

CONCLUSION

WWI is the best obesity indicator to predict CKD and albuminuria compared to other obesity indicators (BMI, WHTR, WC, height, and weight). WWI and CKD and albuminuria were found to be positively correlated. Furthermore, height had the strongest ability to predict low-eGFR. Therefore, the importance of WWI and height in assessing kidney health in US adults should be emphasized.

Assessing the usefulness of a newly proposed metabolic score for visceral fat in predicting future diabetes: results from the NAGALA cohort study

Objective

Visceral adipose tissue assessment holds significant importance in diabetes prevention. This study aimed to explore the association between the newly proposed Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) and diabetes risk and to further assess the predictive power of the baseline METS-VF for the occurrence of diabetes in different future periods.

Methods

This longitudinal cohort study included 15,464 subjects who underwent health screenings. The METS-VF, calculated using the formula developed by Bello-Chavolla et al., served as a surrogate marker for visceral fat obesity. The primary outcome of interest was the occurrence of diabetes during the follow-up period. Established multivariate Cox regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models to assess the association between METS-VF and diabetes risk and its shape. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive power of METS-VF with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) for diabetes, and time-dependent ROC analysis was conducted to assess the predictive capability of METS-VF for the occurrence of diabetes in various future periods.

Results

During a maximum follow-up period of 13 years, with a mean of 6.13 years, we observed that the cumulative risk of developing diabetes increased with increasing METS-VF quintiles. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that each unit increase in METS-VF would increase the risk of diabetes by 68% (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.13, 2.50), and further RCS regression analysis revealed a possible non-linear association between METS-VF and diabetes risk (P for non-linearity=0.002). In addition, after comparison by ROC analysis, we found that METS-VF had significantly higher predictive power for diabetes than other general/visceral adiposity indicators, and in time-dependent ROC analysis, we further considered the time-dependence of diabetes status and METS-VF and found that METS-VF had the highest predictive value for predicting medium- and long-term (6-10 years) diabetes risk.

Conclusion

METS-VF, a novel indicator for assessing visceral adiposity, showed a significantly positive correlation with diabetes risk. It proved to be a superior risk marker in predicting the future onset of diabetes compared to other general/visceral adiposity indicators, particularly in forecasting medium- and long-term diabetes risk.

Could METS-VF provide a clue as to the formation of kidney stones?

Objective

The lifetime occurrence rate of kidney stones is 14%, making it one of the most prevalent urological conditions. Other contributing elements, such as obesity, diabetes, diet, and heredity, are also taken into account. Our research sought to explore the potential link between high visceral fat scores (METS-VF) and the occurrence of kidney stones, as a means of understanding how to prevent them.

Methods

This research utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), mirroring the demographics of the United States. We carried out an in-depth analysis of the connection between METS-VF and kidney stones, based on data from 29,246 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2007 to 2018, involving logistic regression, segmentation, and dose-response curve analysis.

Results

Our study of 29,246 potential participants found that METS-VF was positively associated with the prevalence and progression of kidney stones. After subgroup analysis by gender, race, blood pressure, and blood glucose, our results showed that the ORs for METS-VF and kidney stones were (1.49, 1.44) in males and females, respectively; while in Mexicans, whites, blacks, and In other populations, the OR values were (1.33, 1.43, 1.54, 1.86); in hypertensive and normal populations, the OR values were (1.23, 1.48); in diabetic patients and normoglycemic patients were (1.36,1.43). This proves that it works for all groups of people.

Summary

Our studies demonstrate a strong connection between METS-FV and the emergence of kidney stones. It would be beneficial to investigate METS-VF as a marker for kidney stone development and progression in light of these findings.

The new visceral adiposity index outperforms traditional obesity indices as a predictor of subclinical renal damage in Chinese individuals: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The new visceral adiposity index (NVAI) was superior to previous obesity indices in predicting cardiovascular diseases among Asians. Nevertheless, the utility of the NVAI for predicting chronic kidney disease is still unclear. The objective of this research was to explore the relationship between the NVAI and subclinical renal damage (SRD) and to investigate whether the NVAI outperforms other common obesity indices in predicting SRD in the Chinese population.

METHODS

Participants in this cross-sectional study were from the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Cohort. The NVAI and seven other common obesity indices were calculated, including body mass index, waist circumference, lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, Chinese visceral adiposity index, a body shape index and metabolic score for visceral fat. Logistic regression models revealed the association between NVAI and SRD. The odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to show the association between the two variables. The predictive power of eight obesity indices for SRD was evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC). In addition, the net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were also applied to compare the incremental predictive value for SRD of different obesity indices.

RESULTS

The median age of the 2358 subjects was 42.00 years. Across NVAI tertiles, the prevalence of SRD was 7.25%, 11.21%, and 21.60%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, a high level of NVAI remained a risk factor for SRD. The ORs of the middle and top NVAI tertiles for SRD were 1.920 (95% CI: 1.322, 2.787) and 4.129 (95% CI: 2.750, 6.202), respectively. The AUC of the NVAI was 0.666 (95% CI: 0.647, 0.685), which was significantly larger than the AUC of any of the other obesity indicators. Moreover, the NRI and IDI were significantly improved when NVAI was added to the basic model for predicting SRD. Among eight obesity indices, NVAI had the highest NRI (0.392; 95% CI: 0.280, 0.503), and its IDI (0.021; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.027) was second only to that of the body mass index (0.023; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.032).

CONCLUSIONS

NVAI is independently and positively associated with SRD. Among the eight obesity indices, the NVAI shows the strongest predictive power for SRD in the Chinese population. The NVAI may be useful as an effective warning indicator of chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults.