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Latorre-Rodríguez AR, Shah RH, Munir S, Mittal SK. Adoption of telemedicine for obesity treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic achieved comparable outcomes to in-person visits. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 12:100131. [PMID: 39291241 PMCID: PMC11405989 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, weight loss programs rapidly transitioned to a virtual model, replacing in-person clinic visits. We sought to compare the observed weight loss and adherence to treatment between patients referred for intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) who were treated via telemedicine and those treated in person. Methods After IRB approval, we conducted a retrospective observational study of patients referred for clinical bariatric IBT between January 2019 and June 2021 who were followed in person or via telemedicine. The primary endpoint was the percentage of excess BMI loss (EBL%); secondary endpoints included treatment adherence, duration of follow-up, and number of completed visits. Results During the study period, 139 patients were seen for at least one IBT session for weight management: 62 were followed up in person (IP) and 77 via telemedicine (TM). The mean age, baseline BMI, and follow-up duration between the groups were similar. In the IP and TM groups, the EBL% was -24.7 ± 24.7 and -22.7 ± 19.5 (P = 0.989) and loss to follow-up after the first visit was 27.4% and 19.5% (P = 0.269), respectively. Conclusion For the management of obesity, weight loss programs delivered via telemedicine can achieve similar outcomes to those provided via classical in-person visits. This study suggests that the integration of telecare into clinical practice in bariatric medicine should be considered in the future. Emerging technologies may allow adequate patient follow-up in multiple scenarios, specifically non-critical chronic disorders, and bring unanticipated benefits for patients and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R Latorre-Rodríguez
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Grupo de Investigación Clínica, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Raj H Shah
- University of Arizona School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Seema Munir
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sumeet K Mittal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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García-Rodríguez R, Vázquez-Rodríguez A, Bellahmar-Lkadiri S, Salmonte-Rodríguez A, Siverio-Díaz AR, De Paz-Pérez P, González-Pérez AM, Brito-Brito PR. Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Telehealth Intervention to Improve Adherence to Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Habits in Overweight or Obese Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:2217. [PMID: 39064660 PMCID: PMC11280283 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess weight and obesity have high prevalence rates globally and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth emerged as an effective tool for promoting healthy behaviours in the management of chronic conditions. This study employed a three-month quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention measurements, assessing the progress of 82 adults assigned either to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). A total of 66 participants completed the study, with 33 in each group. The IG had access to a telehealth-based platform providing educational content on healthy lifestyle habits and were followed up both in-person and remotely. The CG were monitored as usual, i.e., at their primary care nurses' discretion. The IG exhibited a statistically significant reduction in weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference, along with improved adherence to a heart-healthy diet, specifically the Mediterranean diet, and higher levels of physical activity. The nurse-led intervention (Care4US+), utilising telehealth from primary care, has proven effective in enhancing healthy behaviours and reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. García-Rodríguez
- La Laguna-Tenerife Norte Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Unit, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (A.V.-R.); (S.B.-L.); (A.S.-R.); (A.R.S.-D.); (P.D.P.-P.); (A.M.G.-P.)
| | - A. Vázquez-Rodríguez
- La Laguna-Tenerife Norte Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Unit, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (A.V.-R.); (S.B.-L.); (A.S.-R.); (A.R.S.-D.); (P.D.P.-P.); (A.M.G.-P.)
| | - S. Bellahmar-Lkadiri
- La Laguna-Tenerife Norte Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Unit, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (A.V.-R.); (S.B.-L.); (A.S.-R.); (A.R.S.-D.); (P.D.P.-P.); (A.M.G.-P.)
| | - A. Salmonte-Rodríguez
- La Laguna-Tenerife Norte Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Unit, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (A.V.-R.); (S.B.-L.); (A.S.-R.); (A.R.S.-D.); (P.D.P.-P.); (A.M.G.-P.)
| | - A. R. Siverio-Díaz
- La Laguna-Tenerife Norte Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Unit, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (A.V.-R.); (S.B.-L.); (A.S.-R.); (A.R.S.-D.); (P.D.P.-P.); (A.M.G.-P.)
| | - P. De Paz-Pérez
- La Laguna-Tenerife Norte Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Unit, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (A.V.-R.); (S.B.-L.); (A.S.-R.); (A.R.S.-D.); (P.D.P.-P.); (A.M.G.-P.)
| | - A. M. González-Pérez
- La Laguna-Tenerife Norte Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Unit, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (A.V.-R.); (S.B.-L.); (A.S.-R.); (A.R.S.-D.); (P.D.P.-P.); (A.M.G.-P.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - P. R. Brito-Brito
- La Laguna-Tenerife Norte Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Unit, Primary Care Management Board of Tenerife, The Canary Islands Health Service, 38003 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; (R.G.-R.); (A.V.-R.); (S.B.-L.); (A.S.-R.); (A.R.S.-D.); (P.D.P.-P.); (A.M.G.-P.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Hatef E, Wilson RF, Zhang A, Hannum SM, Kharrazi H, Davis SA, Foroughmand I, Weiner JP, Robinson KA. Effectiveness of telehealth versus in-person care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:157. [PMID: 38879682 PMCID: PMC11180098 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this systematic review, we compared the effectiveness of telehealth with in-person care during the pandemic using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from March 2020 to April 2023. We included English-language, U.S.-healthcare relevant studies comparing telehealth with in-person care conducted after the onset of the pandemic. Two reviewers independently screened search results, serially extracted data, and independently assessed the risk of bias and strength of evidence. We identified 77 studies, the majority of which (47, 61%) were judged to have a serious or high risk of bias. Differences, if any, in healthcare utilization and clinical outcomes between in-person and telehealth care were generally small and/or not clinically meaningful and varied across the type of outcome and clinical area. For process outcomes, there was a mostly lower rate of missed visits and changes in therapy/medication and higher rates of therapy/medication adherence among patients receiving an initial telehealth visit compared with those receiving in-person care. However, the rates of up-to-date labs/paraclinical assessment were also lower among patients receiving an initial telehealth visit compared with those receiving in-person care. Most studies lacked a standardized approach to assessing outcomes. While we refrain from making an overall conclusion about the performance of telehealth versus in-person visits the use of telehealth is comparable to in-person care across a variety of outcomes and clinical areas. As we transition through the COVID-19 era, models for integrating telehealth with traditional care become increasingly important, and ongoing evaluations of telehealth will be particularly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hatef
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Population Health Information Technology, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Renee F Wilson
- Johns Hopkins Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allen Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Hannum
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hadi Kharrazi
- Center for Population Health Information Technology, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stacey A Davis
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iman Foroughmand
- Center for Population Health Information Technology, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P Weiner
- Center for Population Health Information Technology, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen A Robinson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kaur J, Lee YL, Stortz E, Palani G, Elkin B, Gravely A, Westanmo A, Billington CJ, Ercan-Fang N, Sibley SD. Telephone Virtual Versus In-Person Pharmacotherapy-Based Obesity Care: A COVID-19-Related Experience at a Veterans Administration Facility. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:e1110-e1118. [PMID: 37883630 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Most of the Veterans Administration (VA) population is either overweight or obese, which is a serious health concern. Medical weight management visits have traditionally occurred through in-person clinics. However, the COVID-19 pandemic forced care delivery to virtual platforms. Methods: We compared weight loss with in-person versus telephone-based medical weight management (lifestyle counseling coupled with pharmacotherapy) delivered by physician and nurse practitioner visits during the pandemic. We designed a program evaluation utilizing a naturalistic (pragmatic) observational study structure, including both newly enrolled and previously established participants in the Minneapolis VA MOVE! program between 2017 and 2021. A "transition" cohort (n = 74) received in-person care from March 2019 to March 2020, and then transitioned to virtual care. A "new start" virtual care cohort (n = 149) enrolled after March 2020 was compared to a separate historical group (n = 180) that received in-person care between January 2017 and December 2019. Weight loss was accessed over a 9-month period in both cohorts. Results: Mean weight loss over 9 months was -6.5 ± 18.2 and -2.5 ± 13.3 lbs in the in-person and virtual phases of the transition cohort, respectively, without significant difference between the two phases (p = 0.22). Mean weight loss over 9 months in the new start (virtual) cohort was -14.4 ± 17.0 lbs compared to -16.7 ± 21.0 lbs in the historical cohort, without significant difference between groups (p = 0.44). Conclusions: In our naturalistic study in a single-site VA clinic setting, weight loss with telephone-based medical weight management during the pandemic was comparable to in-person care. These findings are important for veterans living in rural and/or underserved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yee L Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ethan Stortz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guru Palani
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Baila Elkin
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy Gravely
- Research Service, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anders Westanmo
- Department of Pharmacy, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charles J Billington
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nacide Ercan-Fang
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shalamar D Sibley
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Schraml J, Bauer K, Schild S, Klos B, Erschens R, Stengel A, Nieß A, Zipfel S, Mack I. Conventional weight loss therapy in morbid obesity during COVID-19 pandemic: degree of burdens at baseline and treatment efficacy. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1330278. [PMID: 38317768 PMCID: PMC10839038 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1330278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 affected global physical and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to explore the pandemics impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health (anxiety, depression, and perceived stress) and eating behavior in people with severe obesity participating in a multimodal conservative behavioral weight loss (BWL) program conducted via videoconferencing. Additionally, the efficacy of the six-month BWL program in a virtual video-based setting during the pandemic was examined. Methods 297 participants of a face-to-face multimodal behavioral weight loss program prior to the pandemic (PrePAN, May 2014-September 2019) and 146 participants of the in terms of content same intervention in a videoconference-based setting during the pandemic (PAN, July 2020-April 2022) were questioned and compared using standardized questionnaires for HRQoL, symptoms of depressive and anxiety disorders, perceived stress, and eating behavior at baseline and at the end of treatment. Results Symptoms for anxiety, depression and perceived stress were similar between PrePAN and PAN at baseline. In addition, PAN tended to show lower disinhibition of eating behavior and feelings of hunger than PrePAN. During the pandemic, the BWL intervention resulted in body weight loss (67%) or stabilization (16%) in most of the participants. It also contributed by improving physical HRQoL, lower worries, and improved eating behaviors compared to baseline. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, baseline mental health of people with morbid obesity was not worse than before the pandemic. Additionally, the BWL intervention in the virtual video-based setting stabilized and improved physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schraml
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bauer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Schild
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bea Klos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Erschens
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Nieto-Martínez R, De Oliveira-Gomes D, Gonzalez-Rivas JP, Al-Rousan T, Mechanick JI, Danaei G. Telehealth and cardiometabolic-based chronic disease: optimizing preventive care in forcibly displaced migrant populations. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:93. [PMID: 37667387 PMCID: PMC10478318 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of migrants, which includes forcibly displaced refugees, asylum seekers, and undocumented persons, is increasing worldwide. The global migrant population is heterogeneous in terms of medical conditions and vulnerability resulting from non-optimal metabolic risk factors in the country of origin (e.g., abnormal adiposity, dysglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), adverse travel conditions and the resulting stress, poverty, and anxiety, and varying effects of acculturation and access to healthcare services in the country of destination. Therefore, many of these migrants develop a high risk for cardiovascular disease and face the significant challenge of overcoming economic and health system barriers to accessing quality healthcare. In the host countries, healthcare professionals experience difficulties providing care to migrants, including cultural and language barriers, and limited institutional capacities, especially for those with non-legal status. Telehealth is an effective strategy to mitigate cardiometabolic risk factors primarily by promoting healthy lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapeutic adjustments. In this descriptive review, the role of telehealth in preventing the development and progression of cardiometabolic disease is explored with a specific focus on type 2 diabetes and hypertension in forcibly displaced migrants. Until now, there are few studies showing that culturally adapted telehealth services can decrease the burden of T2D and HTN. Despite study limitations, telehealth outcomes are comparable to those of traditional health care with the advantages of having better accessibility for difficult-to-reach populations such as forcibly displaced migrants and reducing healthcare associated costs. More prospective studies implementing telemedicine strategies to treat cardiometabolic disease burden in migrant populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramfis Nieto-Martínez
- Precision Care Clinic Corp., Saint Cloud, FL, USA.
- Departments of Global Health and Population and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Diana De Oliveira-Gomes
- Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Juan P Gonzalez-Rivas
- Departments of Global Health and Population and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela
- International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno (FNUSA), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tala Al-Rousan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Mechanick
- The Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Departments of Global Health and Population and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Barenbaum SR, Zhao AS, Saunders KH, Aronne LJ, Shukla AP. Management of Weight Regain Following Bariatric Surgery: Behavioral Intervention and Pharmacotherapy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:405-414. [PMID: 35912876 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention currently available for significant and durable weight loss, but weight regain after surgery is not uncommon. This paper focuses on updates in behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy to combat weight regain after bariatric surgery. AREAS COVERED This paper critically reviews both prospective and retrospective studies assessing pharmacotherapy in post-bariatric surgical patients published within the past 5 years. It also evaluates updates in behavioral therapies and delivery of the therapies in this patient population. EXPERT OPINION Weight regain after bariatric surgery is common. Patients who experience weight regain should be evaluated and treated by a multidisciplinary team. Antiobesity pharmacotherapy should be considered for those who qualify as an adjunct to lifestyle modifications, along with behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barenbaum
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice S Zhao
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine H Saunders
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louis J Aronne
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alpana P Shukla
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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