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D’Archivio M, Coppola L, Masella R, Tammaro A, La Rocca C. Sex and Gender Differences on the Impact of Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals on Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:181. [PMID: 38257074 PMCID: PMC10818535 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents an important public health concern, being one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease with many underlying intertwined causes, including genetic, environmental and behavioral factors. Notably, metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) can alter the set point control of metabolism, affecting the development and function of the adipose tissue. Epidemiological studies have reported associations between human exposure to MDCs and several altered metabolic endpoints. It is also noteworthy that sex and gender represent important risk factors in the development of obesity. Different sex-related biological and physiological characteristics influence individual susceptibility, whereas gender represents a critical component in determining the different exposure scenarios. Although some advancements in the treatment of obesity have been achieved in preclinical and clinical studies, the obesity pandemic continues to increase worldwide. The present study performed a systematic review of recent studies considering the effects of MDCs on obesity, with a specific focus on sex- and gender-related responses. This review highlighted that MDCs could differently affect men and women at different stages of life even though the number of studies evaluating the association between obesity and MDC exposure in relation to sex and gender is still limited. This evidence should urge researchers to carry out studies considering sex and gender differences. This is essential for developing sex-/gender-tailored prevention strategies to improve public health policies and reduce exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Coppola
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (R.M.); Tel.: +39-0649903686 (L.C.); +39-0649902544 (R.M.)
| | - Roberta Masella
- Gender-Specific Prevention and Health Unit, Centre for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.R.)
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Wei Y, Wang L, Liu J. The diabetogenic effects of pesticides: Evidence based on epidemiological and toxicological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121927. [PMID: 37268216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While the use of pesticides has improved grain productivity and controlled vector-borne diseases, the widespread use of pesticides has resulted in ubiquitous environmental residues that pose health risks to humans. A number of studies have linked pesticide exposure to diabetes and glucose dyshomeostasis. This article reviews the occurrence of pesticides in the environment and human exposure, the associations between pesticide exposures and diabetes based on epidemiological investigations, as well as the diabetogenic effects of pesticides based on the data from in vivo and in vitro studies. The potential mechanisms by which pesticides disrupt glucose homeostasis include induction of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, acetylcholine accumulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gaps between laboratory toxicology research and epidemiological studies lead to an urgent research need on the diabetogenic effects of herbicides and current-use insecticides, low-dose pesticide exposure research, the diabetogenic effects of pesticides in children, and assessment of toxicity and risks of combined exposure to multiple pesticides with other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linping Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Reina-Pérez I, Artacho-Cordón F, Mustieles V, Castellano-Castillo D, Cardona F, Jiménez-Díaz I, López-Medina JA, Alcaide J, Ocaña-Wilhelmi L, Iribarne-Durán LM, Arrebola JP, Olea N, Tinahones FJ, Fernández MF. Cross-sectional associations of persistent organic pollutants measured in adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome in clinically diagnosed middle-aged adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115350. [PMID: 36709023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although often overlooked in clinical settings, accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is thought to be a relevant risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS One hundred and seventeen patients undergoing non-oncological surgery were randomly recruited and classified as MetS + if presented 3 out of the 5 MetS components: waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, according International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Seventeen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in adipose tissue samples. Linear, logistic and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models, adjusted for age and sex, were performed. RESULTS One third of the participants were males (36.8%) with a median age of 44 years, showing clinical evidences of MetS (35.0%). Adjusted linear regression models showed that WC correlated positively with all OCP concentrations. Higher fasting serum glucose levels were related to higher HCB and γ-HCH concentrations. The remaining OCPs and PCBs were not associated with this MetS component. HCB was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol levels, while PCB-180 was positively associated. HCB and γ-HCH concentrations were also positively correlated with DBP and SBP levels. PCB-138 was also positively associated with SBP. Adjusted logistic models revealed that exposure to HCB and γ-HCH were associated with increased odds of MetS [ORs (95%CI) 1.53 (1.22-1.92) and 1.39 (1.10-1.76) respectively; p < 0.01]. No associations were observed for the remaining POPs. WQS models showed a positive and significant mixture effect of POPs on the odds of MetS (exp [beta] = 2.34; p < 0.001), with γ-HCH (52.9%), o,p'-DDT (26.9%) and HCB (19.7%) driving the association. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that POPs accumulated in VAT, specifically HCB and (gamma)-HCH, are associated with both isolated components and clinically diagnosed SMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Reina-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano-Castillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentro de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Jose A López-Medina
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Alcaide
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Ocaña-Wilhelmi
- Unidad de Cirugía Metabólica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Juan P Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Departmento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn), E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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