1
|
Hammer A, Diakonova M. Prolactin-activated PAK1 potentiates estrogen response to breast cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001195. [PMID: 38933712 PMCID: PMC11200128 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hormones estrogen and prolactin exert independent effects on breast cancer while their crosstalk synergistically enhance breast cancer cell proliferation. We have previously shown that the serine/threonine kinase PAK1 is responsible for this effect and proposed the mechanism of PAK1 action. Here we extended our previous data to demonstrate that the PAK1 kinase is a common interplay in PRL and E2 crosstalk to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration and invasiveness of human breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hammer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Maria Diakonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mustafa M, Sarfraz S, Saleem G, Khan TA, Shahid D, Taj S, Amir N. Beyond Milk and Nurture: Breastfeeding's Powerful Impact on Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2024; 84:541-554. [PMID: 38884025 PMCID: PMC11175834 DOI: 10.1055/a-2313-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) stands as a global concern, given its high incidence and impact on women's mortality. This complex disease has roots in various risk factors, some modifiable and others not. Understanding and identifying these factors can be instrumental in both preventing BC and improving survival rates. Remarkably, women's reproductive behaviors have emerged as critical determinants of BC susceptibility. Numerous studies have shed light on how aspects including age of menarche, first pregnancy and menopause along with number of pregnancies, hormone replacement therapies, can influence one's risk of developing BC. Furthermore, the act of breastfeeding and its duration have shown an inverse relationship with BC risk. This review delves into the biological and molecular mechanisms associated with breastfeeding that contribute to BC protection. It highlights the role of endocrine processes triggered by suckling stimulation, the gradual onset of lactational amenorrhea, delayed weaning, reduced lifetime menstrual cycles, chromosomal repair mechanisms, and immunological events throughout the lactation cycle. These insights provide a potential explanation for the protective effects conferred by breastfeeding against breast carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustafa
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Sarfraz
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gullelalah Saleem
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad Khan
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Damiya Shahid
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Taj
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Amir
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shirani N, Mahdi‐Esferizi R, Eshraghi Samani R, Tahmasebian S, Yaghoobi H. In silico identification and in vitro evaluation of MRPS30-DT lncRNA and MRPS30 gene expression in breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2114. [PMID: 38886335 PMCID: PMC11182701 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play important roles in a variety of biological processes and cancer regulatory networks, including breast cancer. AIMS This study aimed to identify a novel upregulated lncRNA in breast cancer and its associated gene using bioinformatics analysis, and then evaluate their potential roles in breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Extensive in silico studies were performed using various bioinformatics databases and tools to identify a potential upregulated breast cancer-associated lncRNA and its co-expressed gene, and to predict their potential roles, functions, and interactions. The expression level of MRPS30-DT lncRNA and MRPS30 was assessed in both BC tissues and cell lines using qRT-PCR technology. MRPS30-DT lncRNA and MRPS30 were selected as target genes using bioinformatics analysis. We found that MRPS30-DT and MRPS30 were significantly overexpressed in BC tissues compared with normal tissues. Also, MRPS30 showed upregulation in all three BC cell lines compared with HDF. On the other hand, MRPS30-DT significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 compared with HDF. While the expression of MRPS30-DT was significantly dropped in the resistance cell line MCF/MX compared to HDF and MCF7. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis suggested that MRPS30-DT and MRPS30 may play a potential role in BC through their involvement in some cancer signaling pathways and processes, as well as through their interaction with TFs, genes, miRNAs, and proteins related to carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings showed the dysregulation of MRPS30-DT lncRNA and MRPS30 may provide clues for exploring new therapeutic targets or molecular biomarkers in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nooshafarin Shirani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Roohallah Mahdi‐Esferizi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Reza Eshraghi Samani
- Department of General SurgerySchool of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Shahram Tahmasebian
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Hajar Yaghoobi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Solmi M, Lähteenvuo M, Tanskanen A, Corbeil O, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Correll CU, Tiihonen J, Taipale H. Antipsychotic Use and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women With Severe Mental Illness: Replication of a Nationwide Nested Case-Control Database Study. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae058. [PMID: 38687213 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Breast cancer is more prevalent in women with severe mental illness than in the general population, and use of prolactin-increasing antipsychotics may be a contributing factor. STUDY DESIGN A nested case-control study was conducted using the Swedish nationwide registers (inpatient/outpatient care, sickness absence, disability pension, prescribed drugs, cancers). All women aged 18-85 years with schizophrenia/schizoaffective/other nonaffective psychotic disorder/bipolar disorder and breast cancer (cases) were matched for age, primary psychiatric diagnosis, and disease duration with five women without cancer (controls). The association between cumulative exposure to prolactin-increasing/prolactin-sparing antipsychotics and breast cancer was analyzed using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for comorbidities and co-medications. STUDY RESULTS Among 132 061 women, 1642 (1.24%) developed breast cancer between 2010 and 2021, at a mean age of 63.3 ± 11.8 years. Compared with 8173 matched controls, the odds of breast cancer increased in women with prior exposure to prolactin-increasing antipsychotics for 1-4 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.41), and for ≥ 5 years (aOR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.26-1.71). There were no increased or decreased odds of breast cancer with exposure to prolactin-sparing antipsychotics of either 1-4 years (aOR = 1.17, 95%CI = 0.98-1.40) or ≥5 years (aOR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.78-1.26). The results were consistent across all sensitivity analyses (ie, according to different age groups, cancer types, and primary psychiatric diagnosis). CONCLUSIONS Although causality remains uncertain, exposure to prolactin-elevating antipsychotics for ≥ 1 year was associated with increased odds of breast cancer in women with severe mental illness. When prescribing antipsychotics, a shared decision-making process should consider individual risk factors for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- SCIENCES LAB, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Tanskanen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivier Corbeil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Quebec Mental Health University Institute, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Taipale
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hammer A, Diakonova M. Prolactin-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation of PAK1 facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001136. [PMID: 38660565 PMCID: PMC11040397 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PAK1 and prolactin (PRL) regulate breast cancer. Prolactin-activated JAK2 tyrosyl phosphorylates PAK1 (pTyr-PAK1). We demonstrate here that pTyr-PAK1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells. PRL treatment of T47D PAK1 WT cells leads to downregulation of E-cadherin surface expression and "ectodomain shedding" (extracellular cleavage of E-cadherin). pTyr-PAK1 increases mRNA levels of Snail, Slug, and Twist2, transcriptional factors implicated in E-cadherin repression. pTyr-PAK1 also significantly increases PRL-dependent Slug activity leading to expression of vimentin, a hallmark of EMT. Thus, our current data on pTyr-PAK1 regulation of EMT bring insight into the role of PAK1 and PRL in human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hammer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Maria Diakonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cai Q, Tian X, Tang Y, Cong H, Liu J, Zhao S, Ma R, Wang J, Zhu J. Association between prolactin/testosterone ratio and breast cancer in Chinese women. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:368-370. [PMID: 38200638 PMCID: PMC10836897 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaohan Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuyi Tang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Han Cong
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Collage of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bakhshi P, Ho JQ, Zanganeh S. Sex-specific outcomes in cancer therapy: the central role of hormones. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:1320690. [PMID: 38362126 PMCID: PMC10867131 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1320690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones play a pivotal role in modulating various physiological processes, with emerging evidence underscoring their influence on cancer progression and treatment outcomes. This review delves into the intricate relationship between sex hormones and cancer, elucidating the underlying biological mechanisms and their clinical implications. We explore the multifaceted roles of estrogen, androgens, and progesterone, highlighting their respective influence on specific cancers such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, and prostate. Special attention is given to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumors, androgen receptor signaling, and the dual role of progesterone in both promoting and inhibiting cancer progression. Clinical observations reveal varied treatment responses contingent upon hormonal levels, with certain therapies like tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and anti-androgens demonstrating notable success. However, disparities in treatment outcomes between males and females in hormone-sensitive cancers necessitate further exploration. Therapeutically, the utilization of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during cancer treatments presents both potential risks and benefits. The promise of personalized therapies, tailored to an individual's hormonal profile, offers a novel approach to optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Concurrently, the burgeoning exploration of new drugs and interventions targeting hormonal pathways heralds a future of more effective and precise treatments for hormone-sensitive cancers. This review underscores the pressing need for a deeper understanding of sex hormones in cancer therapy and the ensuing implications for future therapeutic innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bakhshi
- Research and Development, MetasFree Biopharmaceutical Company, Mansfield, MA, United States
| | - Jim Q. Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Research and Development, MetasFree Biopharmaceutical Company, Mansfield, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Watson J, Wang T, Ho KL, Feng Y, Mahawan T, Dobbin KK, Zhao S. Human basal-like breast cancer is represented by one of the two mammary tumor subtypes in dogs. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:114. [PMID: 37789381 PMCID: PMC10546663 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 20% of breast cancers in humans are basal-like, a subtype that is often triple-negative and difficult to treat. An effective translational model for basal-like breast cancer is currently lacking and urgently needed. To determine whether spontaneous mammary tumors in pet dogs could meet this need, we subtyped canine mammary tumors and evaluated the dog-human molecular homology at the subtype level. METHODS We subtyped 236 canine mammary tumors from 3 studies by applying various subtyping strategies on their RNA-seq data. We then performed PAM50 classification with canine tumors alone, as well as with canine tumors combined with human breast tumors. We identified feature genes for human BLBC and luminal A subtypes via machine learning and used these genes to repeat canine-alone and cross-species tumor classifications. We investigated differential gene expression, signature gene set enrichment, expression association, mutational landscape, and other features for dog-human subtype comparison. RESULTS Our independent genome-wide subtyping consistently identified two molecularly distinct subtypes among the canine tumors. One subtype is mostly basal-like and clusters with human BLBC in cross-species PAM50 and feature gene classifications, while the other subtype does not cluster with any human breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, the canine basal-like subtype recaptures key molecular features (e.g., cell cycle gene upregulation, TP53 mutation) and gene expression patterns that characterize human BLBC. It is enriched in histological subtypes that match human breast cancer, unlike the other canine subtype. However, about 33% of canine basal-like tumors are estrogen receptor negative (ER-) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+), which is rare in human breast cancer. Further analysis reveals that these ER-PR+ canine tumors harbor additional basal-like features, including upregulation of genes of interferon-γ response and of the Wnt-pluripotency pathway. Interestingly, we observed an association of PGR expression with gene silencing in all canine tumors and with the expression of T cell exhaustion markers (e.g., PDCD1) in ER-PR+ canine tumors. CONCLUSIONS We identify a canine mammary tumor subtype that molecularly resembles human BLBC overall and thus could serve as a vital translational model of this devastating breast cancer subtype. Our study also sheds light on the dog-human difference in the mammary tumor histology and the hormonal cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Watson
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kun-Lin Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tanakamol Mahawan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin K Dobbin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Altieri MA, da Silva AS, da Silva Moreira S, Zapaterini JR, Arena AC, Barbisan LF. Safety of lactational exposure to venlafaxine on the rat mammary gland development and carcinogenesis in F1 female offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108451. [PMID: 37532207 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The chronic use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may result in human gynecomastia, mammoplasia, galactorrhea, and elevated breast cancer risk. As antidepressants are frequently used for postpartum depression (PPD) treatment, this study investigated the adverse effects of lactational exposure to venlafaxine (VENL, a selective SNRI) on mammary gland development and carcinogenesis in F1 female offspring. Thus, lactating Wistar rats (F0) received VENL by oral gavage at daily doses of 3.85, 7.7, or 15.4 mg/kg (N = 9, each group) from lactational day (LD 1) until the weaning of the offspring (LD 21). F1 female offspring were euthanized for mammary gland, and ovary histological analyses on the post-natal day (PND) 22 and 30 (1 pup/litter/period, N = 9, each group). At PND 22, other females (2 pups/litter, N = 18, each group) received a single dose of carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU, 50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for tumor susceptibility assay until PND 250. Tumor incidence and latency were recorded and representative tumor samples were collected for histopathology. The results indicate that lactational exposure to VENL did not alter the development of the mammary gland (epithelial ductal tree or the mean number of terminal end buds), or the ovary (weight and primary, secondary, tertiary, and Graafian follicles) in prepubertal F1 female offspring. In addition, VENL exposure did not influence tumor incidence or tumor latency in adult female offspring that received MNU. Thus, the findings of this animal study indicated that lactational VENL exposure, a period similar to human PPD, did not exert an adverse effect on the mammary gland development at the prepubertal phase or on chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis in adult F1 female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Augusto Altieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Anielly Sarana da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Suyane da Silva Moreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Regina Zapaterini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basu R, Brody R, Sandbhor U, Kulkarni P, Davis E, Swegan D, Caggiano LJ, Brenya E, Neggers S, Kopchick JJ. Structure and function of a dual antagonist of the human growth hormone and prolactin receptors with site-specific PEG conjugates. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105030. [PMID: 37442239 PMCID: PMC10410519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human growth hormone (hGH) is a pituitary-derived endocrine protein that regulates several critical postnatal physiologic processes including growth, organ development, and metabolism. Following adulthood, GH is also a regulator of multiple pathologies like fibrosis, cancer, and diabetes. Therefore, there is a significant pharmaceutical interest in developing antagonists of hGH action. Currently, there is a single FDA-approved antagonist of the hGH receptor (hGHR) prescribed for treating patients with acromegaly and discovered in our laboratory almost 3 decades ago. Here, we present the first data on the structure and function of a new set of protein antagonists with the full range of hGH actions-dual antagonists of hGH binding to the GHR as well as that of hGH binding to the prolactin receptor. We describe the site-specific PEG conjugation, purification, and subsequent characterization using MALDI-TOF, size-exclusion chromatography, thermostability, and biochemical activity in terms of ELISA-based binding affinities with GHR and prolactin receptor. Moreover, these novel hGHR antagonists display distinct antagonism of GH-induced GHR intracellular signaling in vitro and marked reduction in hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 output in vivo. Lastly, we observed potent anticancer biological efficacies of these novel hGHR antagonists against human cancer cell lines. In conclusion, we propose that these new GHR antagonists have potential for development towards multiple clinical applications related to GH-associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Deborah Swegan
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Lydia J Caggiano
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward Brenya
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Sebastian Neggers
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang X, Morris AJ, Deken MA, Brindley DN. Autotaxin Inhibition with IOA-289 Decreases Breast Tumor Growth in Mice Whereas Knockout of Autotaxin in Adipocytes Does Not. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2937. [PMID: 37296899 PMCID: PMC10251959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells produce negligible quantities of autotaxin. Instead, previous work indicated that adipocytes in the inflamed adipose tissue adjacent to breast tumors are a major source of autotaxin secretion that drives breast tumor growth, metastasis, and the loss of efficacy for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To test this hypothesis, we used mice with an adipocyte-specific knock out of autotaxin. The lack of autotaxin secretion from adipocytes failed to decrease the growth of orthotopic E0771 breast tumors in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and the growth and lung metastasis of spontaneous breast tumors in MMTV-PyMT mice. However, the inhibition of autotaxin with IOA-289 decreased the growth of E0771 tumors, indicating that another source of autotaxin is responsible for tumor growth. Tumor-associated fibroblasts and leukocytes produce the majority of autotoxin transcripts in the E0771 breast tumors, and we hypothesize that they are the main sources of ATX that drive breast tumor growth. Autotaxin inhibition with IOA-289 increased the numbers of CD8α+-T-cells in the tumors. This was accompanied by decreases in the concentrations of CXCL10, CCL2, and CXCL9 in the plasma and LIF, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and prolactin in the tumors. Bioinformatics analysis of human breast tumor databases showed that autotaxin (ENPP2) is expressed mainly in endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Autotaxin expression correlated significantly with increases in IL-6 cytokine receptor ligand interactions, signaling by LIF, TGFβ, and prolactin. This confirms the relevance of results from autotaxin inhibition in the mouse model. We propose that inhibiting autotaxin activity that is derived from cells presenting breast tumors such as fibroblasts, leukocytes, or endothelial cells changes the tumor micro-environment in such a way as to inhibit tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Marcel A. Deken
- iOnctura BV, Gustav Mahlerplein 102, 1082 MA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - David N. Brindley
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hathaway CA, Rice MS, Collins LC, Chen D, Frank DA, Walker S, Clevenger CV, Tamimi RM, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE. Prolactin levels and breast cancer risk by tumor expression of prolactin-related markers. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:24. [PMID: 36882838 PMCID: PMC9990334 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher circulating prolactin has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Prolactin binding to the prolactin receptor (PRLR) can activate the transcription factor STAT5, thus, we examined the association between plasma prolactin and breast cancer risk by tumor expression of PRLR, STAT5, and the upstream kinase JAK2. METHODS Using data from 745 cases and 2454 matched controls in the Nurses' Health Study, we conducted polytomous logistic regression to examine the association between prolactin (> 11 ng/mL vs. ≤ 11 ng/mL) measured within 10 years of diagnosis and breast cancer risk by PRLR (nuclear [N], cytoplasmic [C]), phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5; N, C), and phosphorylated JAK2 (pJAK2; C) tumor expression. Analyses were conducted separately in premenopausal (n = 168 cases, 765 controls) and postmenopausal women (n = 577 cases, 1689 controls). RESULTS In premenopausal women, prolactin levels > 11 ng/mL were positively associated with risk of tumors positive for pSTAT5-N (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.02-5.22) and pSTAT5-C (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.01-2.65), but not tumors that were negative for these markers (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.65-1.46 and OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.43-1.25; p-heterogeneity = 0.06 and 0.02, respectively). This was stronger when tumors were positive for both pSTAT5-N and pSTAT5-C (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.14-7.25). No association was observed for PRLR or pJAK2 (positive or negative) and breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. Among postmenopausal women, plasma prolactin levels were positively associated with breast cancer risk irrespective of PRLR, pSTAT5, or pJAK2 expression (all p-heterogeneity ≥ 0.21). CONCLUSION We did not observe clear differences in the association between plasma prolactin and breast cancer risk by tumor expression of PRLR or pJAK2, although associations for premenopausal women were observed for pSTAT5 positive tumors only. While additional studies are needed, this suggests that prolactin may act on human breast tumor development through alternative pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Hathaway
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 13131 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Megan S Rice
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dilys Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Royal Columbian Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David A Frank
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Walker
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles V Clevenger
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 13131 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Azzarito G, Kurmann L, Leeners B, Dubey RK. Micro-RNA193a-3p Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Driven Growth of Vascular Endothelial Cells by Altering Secretome and Inhibiting Mitogenesis: Transcriptomic and Functional Evidence. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192967. [PMID: 36230929 PMCID: PMC9562882 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) cell secretome in the tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates neo-angiogenesis by promoting vascular endothelial cell (VEC) growth. Drugs that block BC cell growth or angiogenesis can restrict tumor growth and are of clinical relevance. Molecules that can target both BC cell and VEC growth as well as BC secretome may be more effective in treating BC. Since small non-coding microRNAs (miRs) regulate cell growth and miR193a-3p has onco-suppressor activity, we investigated whether miR193a-3p inhibits MCF-7-driven growth (proliferation, migration, capillary formation, signal transduction) of VECs. Using BC cells and VECs grown in monolayers or 3D spheroids and gene microarrays, we demonstrate that: pro-growth effects of MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 conditioned medium (CM) are lost in CM collected from MCF-7/MDA-MB231 cells pre-transfected with miR193a-3p (miR193a-CM). Moreover, miR193a-CM inhibited MAPK and Akt phosphorylation in VECs. In microarray gene expression studies, miR193a-CM upregulated 553 genes and downregulated 543 genes in VECs. Transcriptomic and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially regulated genes revealed downregulation of interferon-associated genes and pathways that induce angiogenesis and BC/tumor growth. An angiogenesis proteome array confirmed the downregulation of 20 pro-angiogenesis proteins by miR193a-CM in VECs. Additionally, in MCF-7 cells and VECs, estradiol (E2) downregulated miR193a-3p expression and induced growth. Ectopic expression of miR193a-3p abrogated the growth stimulatory effects of estradiol E2 and serum in MCF-7 cells and VECs, as well as in MCF-7 and MCF-7+VEC 3D spheroids. Immunostaining of MCF-7+VEC spheroid sections with ki67 showed miR193a-3p inhibits cell proliferation. Taken together, our findings provide first evidence that miR193a-3p abrogates MCF-7-driven growth of VECs by altering MCF-7 secretome and downregulating pro-growth interferon signals and proangiogenic proteins. Additionally, miR193a-3p inhibits serum and E2-induced growth of MCF-7, VECs, and MCF-7+VEC spheroids. In conclusion, miRNA193a-3p can potentially target/inhibit BC tumor angiogenesis via a dual mechanism: (1) altering proangiogenic BC secretome/TME and (2) inhibiting VEC growth. It may represent a therapeutic molecule to target breast tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Azzarito
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Kurmann
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Raghvendra K. Dubey
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Standing D, Dandawate P, Anant S. Prolactin receptor signaling: A novel target for cancer treatment - Exploring anti-PRLR signaling strategies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1112987. [PMID: 36714582 PMCID: PMC9880166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone mainly secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. PRL is reported to play a role in pregnancy, mammary gland development, immune modulation, reproduction, and differentiation of islet cells. PRL binds to its receptor PRLR, which belongs to a superfamily of the class I cytokine receptor that has no intrinsic kinase activity. In canonical signaling, PRL binding to PRLR induces downstream signaling including JAK-STAT, AKT and MAPK pathways. This leads to increased cell proliferation, stemness, migration, apoptosis inhibition, and resistance to chemotherapy. PRL-signaling is upregulated in numerous hormone-dependent cancers including breast, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. However, more recently, the pathway has been reported to play a tumor-promoting role in other cancer types such as colon, pancreas, and hepatocellular cancers. Hence, the signaling pathway is an attractive target for drug development with blockade of the receptor being a potential therapeutic approach. Different strategies have been developed to target this receptor including modification of PRL peptides (Del1-9-G129R-hPRL, G129R-Prl), growth hormone receptor/prolactin receptor bispecific antibody antagonist, neutralizing antibody LFA102, an antibody-drug conjugate (ABBV-176) of the humanized antibody h16f (PR-1594804) and pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer, a bispecific antibody targeting both PRLR and CD3, an in vivo half-life extended fusion protein containing PRLR antagonist PrlRA and albumin binding domain. There have also been attempts to discover and develop small molecular inhibitors targeting PRLR. Recently, using structure-based virtual screening, we identified a few antipsychotic drugs including penfluridol as a molecule that inhibits PRL-signaling to inhibit PDAC tumor progression. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the biology of this receptor in cancer and give an account of PRLR antagonist development for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|