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de Luis Román D, Gómez JC, García-Almeida JM, Vallo FG, Rolo GG, Gómez JJL, Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Sanz-Paris A. Diabetic Sarcopenia. A proposed muscle screening protocol in people with diabetes : Expert document. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:651-661. [PMID: 38315411 PMCID: PMC11294263 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To propose the grounds for "diabetic sarcopenia" as a new comorbidity of diabetes, and to establish a muscle screening algorithm proposal to facilitate its diagnosis and staging in clinical practice. METHOD A qualitative expert opinion study was carried out using the nominal technique. A literature search was performed with the terms "screening" or "diagnostic criteria" and "muscle loss" or "sarcopenia" and "diabetes" that was sent to a multidisciplinary group of 7 experts who, in a face-to-face meeting, discussed various aspects of the screening algorithm. RESULTS The hallmark of diabetic sarcopenia (DS) is muscle mass atrophy characteristic of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in contrast to the histological and physiological normality of muscle mass. The target population to be screened was defined as patients with DM with a SARC-F questionnaire > 4, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) ≥ 8.0%, more than 5 years since onset of DM, taking sulfonylureas, glinides and sodium/glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2), as well as presence of chronic complications of diabetes or clinical suspicion of sarcopenia. Diagnosis was based on the presence of criteria of low muscle strength (probable sarcopenia) and low muscle mass (confirmed sarcopenia) using methods available in any clinical consultation room, such as dynamometry, the chair stand test, and Body Mass Index (BMI)-adjusted calf circumference. DS was classified into 4 stages: Stage I corresponds to sarcopenic patients with no other diabetes complication, and Stage II corresponds to patients with some type of involvement. Within Stage II are three sublevels (a, b and c). Stage IIa refers to individuals with sarcopenic diabetes and some diabetes-specific impairment, IIb to sarcopenia with functional impairment, and IIc to sarcopenia with diabetes complications and changes in function measured using standard tests Conclusion: Diabetic sarcopenia has a significant impact on function and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it is important to give it the same attention as all other traditionally described complications of T2DM. This document aims to establish the foundation for protocolising the screening and diagnosis of diabetic sarcopenia in a manner that is simple and accessible for all levels of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Luis Román
- Center Investigación of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | | | - José Manuel García-Almeida
- Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José López Gómez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Gao Q, Jiang Y, Song Z, Ren H, Kong Y, Wang C, Zheng M, Shan C, Yang Y. Dapagliflozin improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through SIRT1 activation induced by nutrient deprivation state. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16878. [PMID: 39043740 PMCID: PMC11266597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial damage impair insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protects mitochondria and activates under energy restriction. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) is an antihyperglycaemic agent that belongs to the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Evidence shows that Dapa can induce nutrient deprivation effects, providing additional metabolic benefits. This study investigates whether Dapa can trigger nutrient deprivation to activate SIRT1 and enhance insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. We treated diet-induced obese (DIO) mice with Dapa and measured metabolic parameters, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-HB) was intervened in C2C12 myotubes. The role of SIRT1 was verified by RNA interference. We found that Dapa treatment induced nutrient deprivation state and reduced lipid deposition and oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function and glucose tolerance in skeletal muscle. The same positive effects were observed after β-HB intervening for C2C12 myotubes, and the promoting effects on glucose utilization were diminished by SIRT1 RNA interference. Thus, Dapa promotes a nutrient deprivation state and enhances skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity via SIRT1 activation. In this study, we identified a novel hypoglycemic mechanism of Dapa and the potential mechanistic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Zhenqiang Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Huizhu Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yan Kong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Cong Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Miaoyan Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Yanhui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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Kishi S, Kadoya H, Kashihara N. Treatment of chronic kidney disease in older populations. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00854-w. [PMID: 38977884 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
As the world population ages, an expected increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among older individuals will pose a considerable challenge for health care systems in terms of resource allocation for disease management. Treatment strategies for older patients with CKD should ideally align with those applied to the general population, focusing on minimizing cardiovascular events and reducing the risk of progression to kidney failure. Emerging therapies, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, hold promise for the effective management of CKD in older individuals. In addition, non-pharmacological interventions such as nutritional and exercise therapies have a crucial role. These interventions enhance the effects of pharmacotherapy and, importantly, contribute to the maintenance of cognitive function and overall quality of life. Various factors beyond age and cognitive function must be taken into account when considering kidney replacement therapy for patients with kidney failure. Importantly, all treatment options, including dialysis, transplantation and conservative management approaches, should be tailored to the individual through patient-centred decision-making. The dynamic integration of digital technologies into medical practice has the potential to transform the management of CKD in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kishi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of General Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Medical Science, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
- Kawasaki Geriatric Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
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Nakanishi S, Shimoda M, Kimura T, Sanada J, Fushimi Y, Iwamoto Y, Iwamoto H, Dan K, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. The impact of handgrip strength and waist circumference on glycemic control: Prospective, observational study using outpatient clinical data in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:892-898. [PMID: 38534048 PMCID: PMC11215675 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of muscle mass and the accumulation of visceral fat are known risk factors for the deterioration of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study looked at the effects of such factors on glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the form of handgrip strength (HGS) and waist circumference (WC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, observational study, 233 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a HbA1c level of ≥7.0% were followed for around 1 year, during which time they were studied for an understanding of the association between handgrip strength, waist circumference, and glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0%). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for glycemic control improvement by Cox hazards models were analyzed for handgrip strength and waist circumference. RESULTS Compared with the low tertile, patients in the middle and high tertiles of handgrip strength when adjustment was carried out for waist circumference were 2.117 (1.142-3.924) and 4.670 (2.526-8.632), respectively. The HRs of patients in the middle and high tertiles of WC when adjustment was made for HGS were 0.442 (0.269-0.725) and 0.339 (0.191-0.604), respectively. Within the low, middle, and high HGS tertiles, the HRs for WC were 0.863 (0.797-0.934), 0.940 (0.899-0.982), and 1.009 (0.984-1.035), respectively, although the HRs for HGS within each WC tertile remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Handgrip strength and waist circumference demonstrated independent associations for glycemic control, but the effect of waist circumference appeared to be at least partially canceled out by increased handgrip strength. The data suggest that handgrip strength might help to mitigate the negative impact of waist circumference on glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nakanishi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Junpei Sanada
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Yoshiro Fushimi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Iwamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Iwamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Kazunori Dan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
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Newsom SA, Robinson MM. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms in skeletal muscle of interaction between exercise and frontline antihyperglycemic drugs. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16093. [PMID: 38845596 PMCID: PMC11157199 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise and antihyperglycemic drugs are front-line treatments for type-2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Leading drugs are metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. Each class has strong individual efficacy to treat hyperglycemia, yet the combination with exercise can yield varied results, some of which include blunting of expected metabolic benefits. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance contributes to the development of type-2 diabetes while improvements in skeletal muscle insulin signaling are among key adaptations to exercise training. The current review identifies recent advances into the mechanisms, with an emphasis on skeletal muscle, of the interaction between exercise and these common antihyperglycemic drugs. The review is written toward researchers and thus highlights specific gaps in knowledge and considerations for future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Newsom
- School of Exercise, Sport, and Health Sciences, College of HealthOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Exercise, Sport, and Health Sciences, College of HealthOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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Czarnecka P, Czarnecka K, Tronina O. Unexpectedly Rapid Onset of Severe Sarcopenia in an Elderly Diabetic Man following SGLT2i Administration: A Case Report. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2828. [PMID: 38792369 PMCID: PMC11121918 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function and poses a significant health challenge among people with diabetes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are the backbone of type 2 diabetes treatment. The interplay between SGLT2is and sarcopenia is an area of active research with inconclusive results. This article presents an unexpectedly rapid weight reduction, along with physical performance deterioration, in an elderly patient with type 2 diabetes, which led to treatment discontinuation. A bioelectrical impedance analysis confirmed severe sarcopenia development. Until more data are available, sarcopenia and body composition screening and monitoring may be warranted whenever SGLT2is are prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Czarnecka
- Department of Transplantology, Immunology, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
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Bahat G, Ozkok S. The Current Landscape of Pharmacotherapies for Sarcopenia. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:83-112. [PMID: 38315328 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder characterized by progressive and generalized decline in muscle mass and function. Although it is mostly known as an age-related disorder, it can also occur secondary to systemic diseases such as malignancy or organ failure. It has demonstrated a significant relationship with adverse outcomes, e.g., falls, disabilities, and even mortality. Several breakthroughs have been made to find a pharmaceutical therapy for sarcopenia over the years, and some have come up with promising findings. Yet still no drug has been approved for its treatment. The key factor that makes finding an effective pharmacotherapy so challenging is the general paradigm of standalone/single diseases, traditionally adopted in medicine. Today, it is well known that sarcopenia is a complex disorder caused by multiple factors, e.g., imbalance in protein turnover, satellite cell and mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal changes, low-grade inflammation, senescence, anorexia of aging, and behavioral factors such as low physical activity. Therefore, pharmaceuticals, either alone or combined, that exhibit multiple actions on these factors simultaneously will likely be the drug of choice to manage sarcopenia. Among various drug options explored throughout the years, testosterone still has the most cumulated evidence regarding its effects on muscle health and its safety. A mas receptor agonist, BIO101, stands out as a recent promising pharmaceutical. In addition to the conventional strategies (i.e., nutritional support and physical exercise), therapeutics with multiple targets of action or combination of multiple therapeutics with different targets/modes of action appear to promise greater benefit for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Bahat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, 34390, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Ozkok
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatay Training and Research Hospital, Hatay, 31040, Turkey
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8
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Kuzuya M. Drug-related sarcopenia as a secondary sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:195-203. [PMID: 38158766 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has a significant impact on falls, physical function, activities of daily living, and quality of life in older adults, and its prevention and treatment are becoming increasingly important as the global population ages. In addition to primary age-related sarcopenia, activity-related sarcopenia, disease-related sarcopenia, and nutrition-related sarcopenia have been proposed as secondary sarcopenia. Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication based on multiple diseases cause health problems in older patients. In some cases, drugs used for therapeutic or preventive purposes act on skeletal muscle as adverse drug reactions and induce sarcopenia. Although sarcopenia caused by these adverse drug reactions may be more common in older patients, in particular those taking many medications, drug-related sarcopenia has not yet received much attention. This review summarizes drugs that may induce sarcopenia and emphasizes the importance of drug-related sarcopenia as a secondary sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 195-203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kuzuya
- Meitetsu Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Professor Emeritus Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Naito A, Nagatomo Y, Kawai A, Yukino-Iwashita M, Nakazawa R, Taruoka A, Takefuji A, Yasuda R, Toya T, Ikegami Y, Masaki N, Ido Y, Adachi T. The Safety and Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Patients with Sarcopenia or Frailty: Double Edged Sword? J Pers Med 2024; 14:141. [PMID: 38392575 PMCID: PMC10890336 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) show cardiovascular protective effects, regardless of the patient's history of diabetes mellitus (DM). SGLT2is suppressed cardiovascular adverse events in patients with type 2 DM, and furthermore, SGLT-2is reduced the risk of worsening heart failure (HF) events or cardiovascular death in patients with HF. Along with these research findings, SGLT-2is are recommended for patients with HF in the latest guidelines. Despite these benefits, the concern surrounding the increasing risk of body weight loss and other adverse events has not yet been resolved, especially for patients with sarcopenia or frailty. The DAPA-HF and DELIVER trials consistently showed the efficacy and safety of SGLT-2i for HF patients with frailty. However, the Rockwood frailty index that derived from a cumulative deficit model was employed for frailty assessment in these trials, which might not be suitable for the evaluation of physical frailty or sarcopenia alone. There is no fixed consensus on which evaluation tool to use or its cutoff value for the diagnosis and assessment of frailty in HF patients, or which patients can receive SGLT-2i safely. In this review, we summarize the methodology of frailty assessment and discuss the efficacy and safety of SGLT-2i for HF patients with sarcopenia or frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Naito
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akane Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | | | - Ryota Nakazawa
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akira Taruoka
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Asako Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Risako Yasuda
- Department of Intensive Care, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yukinori Ikegami
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department of Intensive Care, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
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Izumiya Y. Heart Failure Medication and Muscle Wasting. Circ J 2023; 88:20-21. [PMID: 37952970 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine
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11
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Valdiviesso R, Amaral TF, Moreira E, Sousa-Santos AR, Fernandes M, Aguiar MJV, Martins S, Azevedo LF, Fernandes L, Silva-Cardoso J, Borges N. Associations of medicine use and ejection fraction with the coexistence of frailty and sarcopenia in a sample of heart failure outpatients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:594. [PMID: 38053018 PMCID: PMC10696669 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty and sarcopenia have been extensively studied in heart failure (HF) patients, but their coexistence is unknown. The aim of this work is to describe the coexistence of these conditions in a sample of HF outpatients and its association with the use of medication and left-ventricular ejection fraction. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited from a HF outpatients' clinic in northern Portugal. Frailty phenotype was assessed according to Fried et al. Sarcopenia was evaluated according to the revised consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. RESULTS A total of 136 HF outpatients (33.8% women, median age 59 years) integrated this study. Frailty and sarcopenia accounted for 15.4% and 18.4% of the sample, respectively. Coexistence of frailty and sarcopenia was found in 8.1% of the participants, while 17.6% had only one of the conditions. In multivariable analysis (n = 132), increasing age (OR = 1.13;95%CI = 1.06,1.20), being a woman (OR = 65.65;95%CI = 13.50, 319.15), having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (OR = 5.61; 95%CI = 1.22, 25.76), and using antidepressants (OR = 11.05; 95%CI = 2.50, 48.82), anticoagulants (OR = 6.11; 95%CI = 1.69, 22.07), furosemide (OR = 3.95; 95%CI = 1.07, 14.55), and acetylsalicylic acid (OR = 5.01; 95%CI = 1.10, 22.90) were associated with increased likelihood of having coexistence of frailty and sarcopenia, while using statins showed the inverse effect (OR = 0.06; 95%CI = 0.01, 0.30). CONCLUSIONS The relatively low frequency of coexistence of frailty and sarcopenia signifies that each of these two conditions still deserve individual attention from health professionals in their clinical practice and should be screened separately. Being a woman, older age, having HFpEF, using anticoagulants, antidepressants, loop diuretics and acetylsalicylic acid, and not using statins, were associated with having concomitant frailty and sarcopenia. These patients can potentially benefit from interventions that impact their quality of life such as nutritional and mental health interventions and exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Valdiviesso
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal.
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Teresa F Amaral
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
- LAETA-INEGI / FEUP, Associated Laboratory of Energy, Transports and Aerospace, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Moreira
- CINTESIS@RISE, Knowledge Management Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Sousa-Santos
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN, Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- CESPU, University Cooperative, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Mário Fernandes
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J V Aguiar
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Martins
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís F Azevedo
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lia Fernandes
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Silva-Cardoso
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Borges
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Koufakis T, Doumas MN, Bargiota A, Kotsa K, Maltese G. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in frail, older people with type 2 diabetes and heart failure: do we have enough evidence to confidently support the use? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:771-774. [PMID: 37577977 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2247977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael N Doumas
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Maltese
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals, Surrey, UK
- Unit for Metabolic Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London, UK
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