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Alaniz AJ, Marquet PA, Carvajal MA, Vergara PM, Moreira-Arce D, Muzzio MA, Keith DA. Perspectives on the timing of ecosystem collapse in a changing climate. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14247. [PMID: 38488677 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most important drivers of ecosystem change, the global-scale impacts of which will intensify over the next 2 decades. Estimating the timing of unprecedented changes is not only challenging but is of great importance for the development of ecosystem conservation guidelines. Time of emergence (ToE) (point at which climate change can be differentiated from a previous climate), a widely applied concept in climatology studies, provides a robust but unexplored approach for assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse, as described by the C criterion of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Ecosystems (RLE). We identified 3 main theoretical considerations of ToE for RLE assessment (degree of stability, multifactorial instead of one-dimensional analyses, and hallmarks of ecosystem collapse) and 4 sources of uncertainty when applying ToE methodology (intermodel spread, historical reference period, consensus among variables, and consideration of different scenarios), which aims to avoid misuse and errors while promoting a proper application of the framework by scientists and practitioners. The incorporation of ToE for the RLE assessments adds important information for conservation priority setting that allows prediction of changes within and beyond the time frames proposed by the RLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Alaniz
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Geoespacial y Ambiental, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Cambio Global UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mario A Carvajal
- Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo M Vergara
- Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Darío Moreira-Arce
- Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel A Muzzio
- Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Magíster en Áreas Silvestres y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
- NSW Department of Planning, Industry & Environment, Parramatta, Australia
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2
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Suzuki Y, Economo EP. The Stability of Competitive Metacommunities Is Insensitive to Dispersal Connectivity in a Fluctuating Environment. Am Nat 2024; 203:668-680. [PMID: 38781525 DOI: 10.1086/729601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
AbstractMaintaining the stability of ecological communities is critical for conservation, yet we lack a clear understanding of what attributes of metacommunity structure control stability. Some theories suggest that greater dispersal promotes metacommunity stability by stabilizing local populations, while others suggest that dispersal synchronizes fluctuations across patches and leads to global instability. These effects of dispersal on stability may be mediated by metacommunity structure: the number of patches, the pattern of connections across patches, and levels of spatiotemporal correlation in the environment. Thus, we need theory to investigate metacommunity dynamics under different spatial structures and ecological scenarios. Here, we use simulations to investigate whether stability is primarily affected by connectivity, including dispersal rate and topology of connectivity network, or by mechanisms related to the number of patches. We find that in competitive metacommunities with environmental stochasticity, network topology has little effect on stability on the metacommunity scale even while it could change spatial diversity patterns. In contrast, the number of connected patches is the dominant factor promoting stability through averaging stochastic fluctuations across more patches, rather than due to more habitat heterogeneity per se. These results broaden our understanding of how metacommunity structure changes metacommunity stability, which is relevant for designing effective conservation strategies.
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3
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Ross SRPJ, Friedman NR, Dudley KL, Yoshida T, Yoshimura M, Economo EP, Armitage DW, Donohue I. Divergent ecological responses to typhoon disturbance revealed via landscape-scale acoustic monitoring. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17067. [PMID: 38273562 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events across the globe. Understanding the capacity for ecological communities to withstand and recover from such events is critical. Typhoons are extreme weather events that are expected to broadly homogenize ecological dynamics through structural damage to vegetation and longer-term effects of salinization. Given their unpredictable nature, monitoring ecological responses to typhoons is challenging, particularly for mobile animals such as birds. Here, we report spatially variable ecological responses to typhoons across terrestrial landscapes. Using a high temporal resolution passive acoustic monitoring network across 24 sites on the subtropical island of Okinawa, Japan, we found that typhoons elicit divergent ecological responses among Okinawa's diverse terrestrial habitats, as indicated by increased spatial variability of biological sound production (biophony) and individual species detections. This suggests that soniferous communities are capable of a diversity of different responses to typhoons. That is, spatial insurance effects among local ecological communities provide resilience to typhoons at the landscape scale. Even though site-level typhoon impacts on soundscapes and bird detections were not particularly strong, monitoring at scale with high temporal resolution across a broad spatial extent nevertheless enabled detection of spatial heterogeneity in typhoon responses. Further, species-level responses mirrored those of acoustic indices, underscoring the utility of such indices for revealing insight into fundamental questions concerning disturbance and stability. Our findings demonstrate the significant potential of landscape-scale acoustic sensor networks to capture the understudied ecological impacts of unpredictable extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R P-J Ross
- Integrative Community Ecology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas R Friedman
- Environmental Informatics Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Centre for Taxonomy and Morphology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kenneth L Dudley
- Environmental Informatics Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshida
- Environmental Science Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoshimura
- Environmental Science Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity & Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - David W Armitage
- Integrative Community Ecology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ian Donohue
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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De Laender F, Carpentier C, Carletti T, Song C, Rumschlag SL, Mahon MB, Simonin M, Meszéna G, Barabás G. Mean species responses predict effects of environmental change on coexistence. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1535-1547. [PMID: 37337910 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change research is plagued by the curse of dimensionality: the number of communities at risk and the number of environmental drivers are both large. This raises the pressing question if a general understanding of ecological effects is achievable. Here, we show evidence that this is indeed possible. Using theoretical and simulation-based evidence for bi- and tritrophic communities, we show that environmental change effects on coexistence are proportional to mean species responses and depend on how trophic levels on average interact prior to environmental change. We then benchmark our findings using relevant cases of environmental change, showing that means of temperature optima and of species sensitivities to pollution predict concomitant effects on coexistence. Finally, we demonstrate how to apply our theory to the analysis of field data, finding support for effects of land use change on coexistence in natural invertebrate communities.
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Grants
- 2.5020.11, GEQ U.G006.15, 1610468, RW/GEQ2016 et U FNRS-FRFC
- NKFI-123796 Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Offi
- 2.5020.11, GEQ U.G006.15, 1610468, RW/GEQ2016 et U Université de Namur
- NARC fellowsh Université de Namur
- 2.5020.11, GEQ U.G006.15, 1610468, RW/GEQ2016 et U Waalse Gewest
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, naXys, ILEE, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Camille Carpentier
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, naXys, ILEE, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Timoteo Carletti
- Department of Mathematics and naXys, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Chuliang Song
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael B Mahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Marie Simonin
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Géza Meszéna
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Barabás
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Ecological and Environmental Modeling, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Ebel CR, Case MF, Werner CM, Porensky LM, Veblen KE, Wells HBM, Kimuyu DM, Langendorf RE, Young TP, Hallett LM. Herbivory and Drought Reduce the Temporal Stability of Herbaceous Cover by Increasing Synchrony in a Semi-arid Savanna. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.867051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological stability in plant communities is shaped by bottom-up processes like environmental resource fluctuations and top-down controls such as herbivory, each of which have demonstrated direct effects but may also act indirectly by altering plant community dynamics. These indirect effects, called biotic stability mechanisms, have been studied across environmental gradients, but few studies have assessed the importance of top-down controls on biotic stability mechanisms in conjunction with bottom-up processes. Here we use a long-term herbivore exclusion experiment in central Kenya to explore the joint effects of drought and herbivory (bottom-up and top-down limitation, respectively) on three biotic stability mechanisms: (1) species asynchrony, in which a decline in one species is compensated for by a rise in another, (2) stable dominant species driving overall stability, and (3) the portfolio effect, in which a community property is distributed among multiple species. We calculated the temporal stability of herbaceous cover and biotic stability mechanisms over a 22-year time series and with a moving window to examine changes through time. Both drought and herbivory additively reduced asynchronous dynamics, leading to lower stability during droughts and under high herbivore pressure. This effect is likely attributed to a reduction in palatable dominant species under higher herbivory, which creates space for subordinate species to fluctuate synchronously in response to rainfall variability. Dominant species population stability promoted community stability, an effect that did not vary with precipitation but depended on herbivory. The portfolio effect was not important for stability in this system. Our results demonstrate that this system is naturally dynamic, and a future of increasing drought may reduce its stability. However, these effects will in turn be amplified or buffered depending on changes in herbivore communities and their direct and indirect impacts on plant community dynamics.
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6
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Ecosystem Stability Assessment of Yancheng Coastal Wetlands, a World Natural Heritage Site. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
By evaluating the stability of coastal wetland ecosystems, health conditions of regional ecosystems can be revealed and the sustainable development of coastal wetlands can be promoted. Coastal wetlands have been scarcely involved in present ecosystem stability evaluation studies, these being performed with relatively simple evaluation data sources. Therefore, in this research, a comprehensive and representative ecosystem stability evaluation index system was constructed by using the pressure-state-response model and multi-source datasets from perspectives of internal and external environmental changes of the Yancheng coastal wetlands, Jiangsu, China. The analysis results indicated that: (1) The ecosystem stability of the Yancheng coastal wetlands was at an early warning stage, and all segments except the Binhai segment (relatively stable) were in an early warning state. (2) In the criterion layer, the Dafeng District and the whole Yancheng District were faced with the highest pressure, followed by the Dongtai, Xiangshui and Binhai segments, successively. The Sheyang segment reached the highest state level, followed by the Binhai, Xiangshui and Dafeng segments in succession. (3) In the factor layer, the whole Yancheng District was faced with high resource and socioeconomic double pressures, with a poor water quality state and relatively low environmental pressure; favorable soil, biological and landscape states; and positive response to wetland protection. Various factors varied from county to county. (4) In the index layer, the ecosystem stability of the Yancheng coastal wetlands was significantly influenced by the invasion of alien species, change rate of natural wetland area (D32), change rate of artificial wetland area, increment of aquafarm area, intensity of fertilizer application and coverage of dominant vegetations. The novel significance of this research lies in enriching global coastal wetlands ecosystem stability evaluation investigations by providing a typical case study.
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7
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Nagy RC, Balch JK, Bissell EK, Cattau ME, Glenn NF, Halpern BS, Ilangakoon N, Johnson B, Joseph MB, Marconi S, O’Riordan C, Sanovia J, Swetnam TL, Travis WR, Wasser LA, Woolner E, Zarnetske P, Abdulrahim M, Adler J, Barnes G, Bartowitz KJ, Blake RE, Bombaci SP, Brun J, Buchanan JD, Chadwick KD, Chapman MS, Chong SS, Chung YA, Corman JR, Couret J, Crispo E, Doak TG, Donnelly A, Duffy KA, Dunning KH, Duran SM, Edmonds JW, Fairbanks DE, Felton AJ, Florian CR, Gann D, Gebhardt M, Gill NS, Gram WK, Guo JS, Harvey BJ, Hayes KR, Helmus MR, Hensley RT, Hondula KL, Huang T, Hundertmark WJ, Iglesias V, Jacinthe P, Jansen LS, Jarzyna MA, Johnson TM, Jones KD, Jones MA, Just MG, Kaddoura YO, Kagawa‐Vivani AK, Kaushik A, Keller AB, King KBS, Kitzes J, Koontz MJ, Kouba PV, Kwan W, LaMontagne JM, LaRue EA, Li D, Li B, Lin Y, Liptzin D, Long WA, Mahood AL, Malloy SS, Malone SL, McGlinchy JM, Meier CL, Melbourne BA, Mietkiewicz N, Morisette JT, Moustapha M, Muscarella C, Musinsky J, Muthukrishnan R, Naithani K, Neely M, Norman K, Parker SM, Perez Rocha M, Petri L, Ramey CA, Record S, Rossi MW, SanClements M, Scholl VM, Schweiger AK, Seyednasrollah B, Sihi D, Smith KR, Sokol ER, Spaulding SA, Spiers AI, St. Denis LA, Staccone AP, Stack Whitney K, Stanitski DM, Stricker E, Surasinghe TD, Thomsen SK, Vasek PM, Xiaolu L, Yang D, Yu R, Yule KM, Zhu K. Harnessing the NEON data revolution to advance open environmental science with a diverse and data‐capable community. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chelsea Nagy
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jennifer K. Balch
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Erin K. Bissell
- Biology Department Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Megan E. Cattau
- Human‐Environment Systems Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
| | - Nancy F. Glenn
- Human‐Environment Systems Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
- University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) Santa Barbara California USA
- University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Nayani Ilangakoon
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brian Johnson
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Maxwell B. Joseph
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Sergio Marconi
- School of Natural Resources & Environment University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - James Sanovia
- Department of Math, Science, and Technology Oglala Lakota College Kyle South Dakota USA
| | | | - William R. Travis
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Leah A. Wasser
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Elizabeth Woolner
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Phoebe Zarnetske
- Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Mujahid Abdulrahim
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City Missouri USA
| | - John Adler
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Grenville Barnes
- Department of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Kristina J. Bartowitz
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Rachael E. Blake
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center University of Maryland Annapolis Maryland USA
| | - Sara P. Bombaci
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Julien Brun
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) Santa Barbara California USA
- University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Jacob D. Buchanan
- Department of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio USA
| | - K. Dana Chadwick
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas Austin Austin Texas USA
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Melissa S. Chapman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Steven S. Chong
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) Santa Barbara California USA
- University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
- University of California Berkeley Library University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | - Y. Anny Chung
- Departments of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Jessica R. Corman
- School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Jannelle Couret
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Erika Crispo
- Department of Biology Pace University New York City New York USA
| | - Thomas G. Doak
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Alison Donnelly
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Katharyn A. Duffy
- School of Informatics, Computing & Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Kelly H. Dunning
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Sandra M. Duran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Jennifer W. Edmonds
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences Nevada State College Henderson Nevada USA
| | - Dawson E. Fairbanks
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Andrew J. Felton
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan Utah USA
| | | | - Daniel Gann
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Martha Gebhardt
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Nathan S. Gill
- Department of Natural Resources Management Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Wendy K. Gram
- University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jessica S. Guo
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Brian J. Harvey
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Katherine R. Hayes
- Department of Integrative and Systems Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Matthew R. Helmus
- Department of Biology Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Robert T. Hensley
- Battelle National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Kelly L. Hondula
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center University of Maryland Annapolis Maryland USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Human‐Environment Systems Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Services Millbrook New York USA
| | | | - Virginia Iglesias
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Pierre‐Andre Jacinthe
- Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Lara S. Jansen
- Department of Environmental Science & Management Portland State University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Marta A. Jarzyna
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Youssef O. Kaddoura
- Department of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Aleya Kaushik
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Adrienne B. Keller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities St. Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Katelyn B. S. King
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Justin Kitzes
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Michael J. Koontz
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paige V. Kouba
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Wai‐Yin Kwan
- CALeDNA University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A. LaRue
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
- Center for Computation & Technology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Bonan Li
- Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Soil and Water Sciences Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - William Alex Long
- Science and Technology Innovation Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington D.C. USA
| | - Adam L. Mahood
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Samuel S. Malloy
- Battelle Center for Science, Engineering and Public Policy in the John Glenn College of Public Affairs Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Sparkle L. Malone
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Courtney L. Meier
- Battelle National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Brett A. Melbourne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Jeffery T. Morisette
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Moussa Moustapha
- Department of Biological Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Adamawa Cameroon
| | - Chance Muscarella
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - John Musinsky
- Battelle National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Kusum Naithani
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas‐Fayetteville Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Merrie Neely
- GEO AquaWatch Clearwater Florida USA
- Global Science and Technology, Inc Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Kari Norman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | | | | | - Laís Petri
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Colette A. Ramey
- Biology Department Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Biology Bryn Mawr College Bryn Mawr Pennsylvania USA
| | - Matthew W. Rossi
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Victoria M. Scholl
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Geography University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Anna K. Schweiger
- Remote Sensing Laboratories Department of Geography University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bijan Seyednasrollah
- School of Informatics, Computing & Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Debjani Sihi
- Department of Environmental Sciences Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Kathleen R. Smith
- Biology Department Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Eric R. Sokol
- Battelle National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
- INSTAAR University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Anna I. Spiers
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Lise A. St. Denis
- Earth Lab, CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Anika P. Staccone
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Environmental Biology Columbia University New York New York USA
| | - Kaitlin Stack Whitney
- Department of Science, Technology, and Society Rochester Institute of Technology Henrietta New York USA
| | | | - Eva Stricker
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - Thilina D. Surasinghe
- Department of Biological Sciences Bridgewater State University Bridgewater Massachusetts USA
| | - Sarah K. Thomsen
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Patrisse M. Vasek
- Department of Math, Science, and Technology Oglala Lakota College Kyle South Dakota USA
| | - Li Xiaolu
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Di Yang
- Wyoming GIS Center University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Kelsey M. Yule
- Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
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8
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Sarà G, Milisenda G, Mangano MC, Bosch-Belmar M. The buffer effect of canopy-forming algae on vermetid reefs' functioning: A multiple stressor case study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112713. [PMID: 34252735 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity plays a key role for our planet by buffering ongoing and future changes in environmental conditions. We tested if canopy-forming algae enhancing biodiversity (CEB) in a Mediterranean intertidal reef ecological community could alleviate the effect of stressors (heat waves and pollution from sewage) on community metabolic rates (as expressed by oxygen consumption) used as a proxy of community functioning. CEB exerted a buffering effect related to the properties of stressor: physical-pulsing (heat wave) and chronic-trophic (sewage). After a simulated heat wave, CEB was effective in buffering the impacts of detrimental temperatures on the functioning of the community. In reefs exposed to chronic sewage effluents, benefits derived from CEB were less evident, which is likely due to the stressor's contextual action. The results support the hypothesis that ecological responses depend on stressor typology acting at local level and provide insights for improving management measures to mitigate anthropogenic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sarà
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Milisenda
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mar Bosch-Belmar
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Sarremejane R, Stubbington R, England J, Sefton CEM, Eastman M, Parry S, Ruhi A. Drought effects on invertebrate metapopulation dynamics and quasi-extinction risk in an intermittent river network. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4024-4039. [PMID: 34032337 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecological communities can remain stable in the face of disturbance if their constituent species have different resistance and resilience strategies. In turn, local stability scales up regionally if heterogeneous landscapes maintain spatial asynchrony across discrete populations-but not if large-scale stressors synchronize environmental conditions and biological responses. Here, we hypothesized that droughts could drastically decrease the stability of invertebrate metapopulations both by filtering out poorly adapted species locally, and by synchronizing their dynamics across a river network. We tested this hypothesis via multivariate autoregressive state-space (MARSS) models on spatially replicated, long-term data describing aquatic invertebrate communities and hydrological conditions in a set of temperate, lowland streams subject to seasonal and supraseasonal drying events. This quantitative approach allowed us to assess the influence of local (flow magnitude) and network-scale (hydrological connectivity) drivers on invertebrate long-term trajectories, and to simulate near-future responses to a range of drought scenarios. We found that fluctuations in species abundances were heterogeneous across communities and driven by a combination of hydrological and stochastic drivers. Among metapopulations, increasing extent of dry reaches reduced the abundance of functional groups with low resistance or resilience capacities (i.e. low ability to persist in situ or recolonize from elsewhere, respectively). Our simulations revealed that metapopulation quasi-extinction risk for taxa vulnerable to drought increased exponentially as flowing habitats contracted within the river network, whereas the risk for taxa with resistance and resilience traits remained stable. Our results suggest that drought can be a synchronizing agent in riverscapes, potentially leading to regional quasi-extinction of species with lower resistance and resilience abilities. Better recognition of drought-driven synchronization may increase realism in species extinction forecasts as hydroclimatic extremes continue to intensify worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sarremejane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Grenoble Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rachel Stubbington
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Michael Eastman
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Simon Parry
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Albert Ruhi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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10
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Lürig MD, Narwani A, Penson H, Wehrli B, Spaak P, Matthews B. Non-additive effects of foundation species determine the response of aquatic ecosystems to nutrient perturbation. Ecology 2021; 102:e03371. [PMID: 33961284 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a persistent threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Foundation species, namely those that play a central role in the structuring of communities and functioning of ecosystems, are likely important for the resilience of aquatic ecosystems in the face of disturbance. However, little is known about how interactions among such species influence ecosystem responses to nutrient perturbation. Here, using an array (N = 20) of outdoor experimental pond ecosystems (15,000 L), we manipulated the presence of two foundation species, the macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum and the mussel Dreissena polymorpha, and quantified ecosystem responses to multiple nutrient disturbances, spread over two years. In the first year, we added five nutrient pulses, ramping up from 10 to 50 μg P/L over a 10-week period from mid-July to mid-October, and in the second year, we added a single large pulse of 50 μg P/L in mid-October. We used automated sondes to measure multiple ecosystems properties at high frequency (15-minute intervals), including phytoplankton and dissolved organic matter fluorescence, and to model whole-ecosystem metabolism. Overall, both foundation species strongly affected the ecosystem responses to nutrient perturbation, and, as expected, initially suppressed the increase in phytoplankton abundance following nutrient additions. However, when both species were present, phytoplankton biomass increased substantially relative to other treatment combinations: non-additivity was evident for multiple ecosystem metrics following the nutrient perturbations in both years but was diminished in the intervening months between our perturbations. Overall, these results demonstrate how interactions between foundation species can cause surprisingly strong deviations from the expected responses of aquatic ecosystems to perturbations such as nutrient additions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz D Lürig
- Center for Adaptation to a Changing Environment (ACE), ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technolog, Überland Strasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technolog, Überland Strasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Hannele Penson
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technolog, Überland Strasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrli
- Department of Surface Waters and Management, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland.,Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technolog, Überland Strasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
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11
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Clark AT, Arnoldi JF, Zelnik YR, Barabas G, Hodapp D, Karakoç C, König S, Radchuk V, Donohue I, Huth A, Jacquet C, de Mazancourt C, Mentges A, Nothaaß D, Shoemaker LG, Taubert F, Wiegand T, Wang S, Chase JM, Loreau M, Harpole S. General statistical scaling laws for stability in ecological systems. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1474-1486. [PMID: 33945663 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecological stability refers to a family of concepts used to describe how systems of interacting species vary through time and respond to disturbances. Because observed ecological stability depends on sampling scales and environmental context, it is notoriously difficult to compare measurements across sites and systems. Here, we apply stochastic dynamical systems theory to derive general statistical scaling relationships across time, space, and ecological level of organisation for three fundamental stability aspects: resilience, resistance, and invariance. These relationships can be calibrated using random or representative samples measured at individual scales, and projected to predict average stability at other scales across a wide range of contexts. Moreover deviations between observed vs. extrapolated scaling relationships can reveal information about unobserved heterogeneity across time, space, or species. We anticipate that these methods will be useful for cross-study synthesis of stability data, extrapolating measurements to unobserved scales, and identifying underlying causes and consequences of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Thomas Clark
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Yuval R Zelnik
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - György Barabas
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,MTA-ELTE Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorothee Hodapp
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Canan Karakoç
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sara König
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Viktoriia Radchuk
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian Donohue
- Zoology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Huth
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Jacquet
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Claire de Mazancourt
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Andrea Mentges
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Dorian Nothaaß
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Taubert
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Stanley Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
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12
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Lees KJ, Artz RRE, Chandler D, Aspinall T, Boulton CA, Buxton J, Cowie NR, Lenton TM. Using remote sensing to assess peatland resilience by estimating soil surface moisture and drought recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143312. [PMID: 33267996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Peatland areas provide a range of ecosystem services, including biodiversity, carbon storage, clean water, and flood mitigation, but many areas of peatland in the UK have been degraded through human land use including drainage. Here, we explore whether remote sensing can be used to monitor peatland resilience to drought. We take resilience to mean the rate at which a system recovers from perturbation; here measured literally as a recovery timescale of a soil surface moisture proxy from drought lowering. Our objectives were (1) to assess the reliability of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter as a proxy for water table depth (WTD); (2) to develop a method using SAR to estimate below-ground (hydrological) resilience of peatlands; and (3) to apply the developed method to different sites and consider the links between resilience and land management. Our inferences of WTD from Sentinel-1 SAR data gave results with an average Pearson's correlation of 0.77 when compared to measured WTD values. The 2018 summer drought was used to assess resilience across three different UK peatland areas (Dartmoor, the Peak District, and the Flow Country) by considering the timescale of the soil moisture proxy recovery. Results show clear areas of lower resilience within all three study sites, which often correspond to areas of high drainage and may be particularly vulnerable to increasing drought severity/events under climate change. This method is applicable to monitoring peatland resilience elsewhere over larger scales, and could be used to target restoration work towards the most vulnerable areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Lees
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Rd., Exeter EX4 4QE, UK.
| | - R R E Artz
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK
| | - D Chandler
- Moors for the Future Partnership, The Moorland Centre, Fieldhead, Edale, Hope Valley S33 7ZA, UK
| | - T Aspinall
- RSPB Denby Dale Office, Westleigh Mews, Wakefield Road, Denby Dale, Huddersfield HD8 8QD, UK
| | - C A Boulton
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Rd., Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
| | - J Buxton
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Rd., Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
| | - N R Cowie
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh Park, Edinburgh, EH12 9DH
| | - T M Lenton
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Rd., Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
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13
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Abstract
Cities and towns are complex ecosystems with features that can vary dramatically in space and time. Our knowledge of the spatial structure of urban land and ecological systems is expanding. These systems have been investigated across spatial scales, urban to rural gradients, networks of urban macrosystems, and global megalopolises. However, the temporal dimensions of urban ecosystems – such as those related to ecological cycles and historical legacies – are far less understood and investigated. Here, we outline the main dimensions of time that can shape how events in urban ecosystems unfold, which we categorize as: (i) time flows and duration, (ii) synchrony, lags, and delays, (iii) trends and transitions, (iv) cycles and hysteresis, (v) legacies and priming, (vi) temporal hotspots and hot moments, and (vii) stochastic vs. deterministic processes affecting our ability to forecast the future of cities and the species that live in them. First, we demonstrate the roles of these understudied dimensions by discussing exemplary studies. We then propose key future research directions for investigating how processes over time may regulate the structure and functioning of urban land and biodiversity, as well as its effects on and implications for urban ecology. Our analysis and conceptual framework highlights that several temporal dimensions of urban ecosystems – like those related to temporal hotspots/moments and stochastic vs. deterministic processes – are understudied. This offers important research opportunities to further urban ecology and a comprehensive research agenda valuing the “Urban Chronos” – the change of urban ecosystems through time.
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14
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Ross SRP, Suzuki Y, Kondoh M, Suzuki K, Villa Martín P, Dornelas M. Illuminating the intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of ecological stability across scales. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. P.‐J. Ross
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Yuka Suzuki
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan
| | - Michio Kondoh
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Kenta Suzuki
- Integrated Bioresource Information Division RIKEN BioResource Research Center Ibaraki Japan
| | - Paula Villa Martín
- Biological Complexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
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15
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Sarremejane R, England J, Sefton CEM, Parry S, Eastman M, Stubbington R. Local and regional drivers influence how aquatic community diversity, resistance and resilience vary in response to drying. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sarremejane
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent Univ. Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
- Dept of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Univ. of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Judy England
- Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Howbery Park Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford UK
| | | | - Simon Parry
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford Oxfordshire UK
| | - Michael Eastman
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford Oxfordshire UK
| | - Rachel Stubbington
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent Univ. Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
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16
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Robinson BJO, Barnes DKA, Morley SA. Disturbance, dispersal and marine assemblage structure: A case study from the nearshore Southern Ocean. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 160:105025. [PMID: 32907735 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance is a key factor in most natural environments and, globally, disturbance regimes are changing, driven by increased anthropogenic influences, including climate change. There is, however, still a lack of understanding about how disturbance interacts with species dispersal capacity to shape marine assemblage structure. We examined the impact of ice scour disturbance history (2009-2016) on the nearshore seafloor in a highly disturbed region of the Western Antarctic Peninsula by contrasting the response of two groups with different dispersal capacities: one consisting of high-dispersal species (mobile with pelagic larvae) and one of low-dispersal species (sessile with benthic larvae). Piecewise Structural Equation Models were constructed to test multi-factorial predictions of the underlying mechanisms, based on hypothesised responses to disturbance for the two groups. At least two or three disturbance factors, acting at different spatial scales, drove assemblage composition. A comparison between both high- and low-dispersal models demonstrated that these mechanisms are dispersal dependent. Disturbance should not be treated as a single metric, but should incorporate remote and direct disturbance events with consideration of taxa-dispersal and disturbance legacy. These modelling approaches can provide insights into how disturbance shapes assemblages in other disturbance regimes, such as fire-prone forests and trawl fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J O Robinson
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK; British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK.
| | - David K A Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - Simon A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
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17
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Abstract
Landscape connectivity is increasingly promoted as a conservation tool to combat the negative effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, and climate change. Given its importance as a key conservation strategy, connectivity science is a rapidly growing discipline. However, most landscape connectivity models consider connectivity for only a single snapshot in time, despite the widespread recognition that landscapes and ecological processes are dynamic. In this paper, we discuss the emergence of dynamic connectivity and the importance of including dynamism in connectivity models and assessments. We outline dynamic processes for both structural and functional connectivity at multiple spatiotemporal scales and provide examples of modeling approaches at each of these scales. We highlight the unique challenges that accompany the adoption of dynamic connectivity for conservation management and planning in the context of traditional conservation prioritization approaches. With the increased availability of time series and species movement data, computational capacity, and an expanding number of empirical examples in the literature, incorporating dynamic processes into connectivity models is more feasible than ever. Here, we articulate how dynamism is an intrinsic component of connectivity and integral to the future of connectivity science.
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18
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Taubert F, Hetzer J, Schmid JS, Huth A. Confronting an individual-based simulation model with empirical community patterns of grasslands. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236546. [PMID: 32722690 PMCID: PMC7386574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands contribute to global biogeochemical cycles and can host a high number of plant species. Both-species dynamics and biogeochemical fluxes-are influenced by abiotic and biotic environmental factors, management and natural disturbances. In order to understand and project grassland dynamics under global change, vegetation models which explicitly capture all relevant processes and drivers are required. However, the parameterization of such models is often challenging. Here, we report on testing an individual- and process-based model for simulating the dynamics and structure of a grassland experiment in temperate Europe. We parameterized the model for three species and confront simulated grassland dynamics with empirical observations of their monocultures and one two-species mixture. The model reproduces general trends of vegetation patterns (vegetation cover and height, aboveground biomass and leaf area index) for the monocultures and two-species community. For example, the model simulates well an average annual grassland cover of 70% in the species mixture (observed cover of 77%), but also shows mismatches with specific observation values (e.g. for aboveground biomass). By a sensitivity analysis of the applied inverse model parameterization method, we demonstrate that multiple vegetation attributes are important for a successful parameterization while leaf area index revealed to be of highest relevance. Results of our study pinpoint to the need of improved grassland measurements (esp. of temporally higher resolution) in close combination with advanced modelling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Taubert
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Hetzer
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Julia Sabine Schmid
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Andreas Huth
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
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19
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Impacts of the remnant sizes, forest types, and landscape patterns of surrounding areas on woody plant diversity of urban remnant forest patches. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Jacquet C, Altermatt F. The ghost of disturbance past: long-term effects of pulse disturbances on community biomass and composition. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200678. [PMID: 32635861 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current global change is associated with an increase in disturbance frequency and intensity, with the potential to trigger population collapses and to cause permanent transitions to new ecosystem states. However, our understanding of ecosystem responses to disturbances is still incomplete. Specifically, there is a mismatch between the diversity of disturbance regimes experienced by ecosystems and the one-dimensional description of disturbances used in most studies on ecological stability. To fill this gap, we conducted a full factorial experiment on microbial communities, where we varied the frequency and intensity of disturbances affecting species mortality, resulting in 20 different disturbance regimes. We explored the direct and long-term effects of these disturbance regimes on community biomass. While most communities were able to recover biomass and composition states similar to undisturbed controls after a halt of the disturbances, we identified some disturbance thresholds that had long-lasting legacies on communities. Using a model based on logistic growth, we identified qualitatively the sets of disturbance frequency and intensity that had equivalent long-term negative impacts on experimental communities. Our results show that an increase in disturbance intensity is a bigger threat for biodiversity and biomass recovery than the occurrence of more frequent but less intense disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jacquet
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Karakoç C, Clark AT, Chatzinotas A. Diversity and coexistence are influenced by time-dependent species interactions in a predator-prey system. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:983-993. [PMID: 32243074 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies show that communities are jointly influenced by predation and competitive interactions, few have resolved how temporal variability in these interactions influences community assembly and stability. Here, we addressed this challenge in experimental microbial microcosms by employing empirical dynamic modelling tools to: (1) detect causal interactions between prey species in the absence and presence of a predator; (2) quantify the time-varying strength of these interactions and (3) explore stability in the resulting communities. Our findings show that predators boost the number of causal interactions among community members, and lead to reduced dynamic stability, but higher coexistence among prey species. These results correspond to time-varying changes in species interactions, including emergence of morphological characteristics that appeared to reduce predation, and indirectly facilitate growth of predator-susceptible species. Jointly, our findings suggest that careful consideration of both context and time may be necessary to predict and explain outcomes in multi-trophic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Karakoç
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam Thomas Clark
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences (sDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Talstrasse 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Stochastic disturbance regimes alter patterns of ecosystem variability and recovery. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229927. [PMID: 32150586 PMCID: PMC7062255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered ecosystem variability is an important ecological response to disturbance yet understanding of how various attributes of disturbance regimes affect ecosystem variability is limited. To improve the framework for understanding the disturbance regime attributes that affect ecosystem variability, we examine how the introduction of stochasticity to disturbance parameters (frequency, severity and extent) alters simulated recovery when compared to deterministic outcomes from a spatially explicit simulation model. We also examine the agreement between results from empirical studies and deterministic and stochastic configurations of the model. We find that stochasticity in disturbance frequency and spatial extent leads to the greatest increase in the variance of simulated dynamics, although stochastic severity also contributes to departures from the deterministic case. The incorporation of stochasticity in disturbance attributes improves agreement between empirical and simulated responses, with 71% of empirical responses correctly classified by stochastic configurations of the model as compared to 47% using the purely deterministic model. By comparison, only 2% of empirical responses were correctly classified by the deterministic model and misclassified by stochastic configurations of the model. These results indicate that stochasticity in the attributes of a disturbance regime alters the patterns and classification of ecosystem variability, suggesting altered recovery dynamics. Incorporating stochastic disturbance processes into models may thus be critical for anticipating the ecological resilience of ecosystems.
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Clark A, Hillebrand H, Harpole WS. Scale Both Confounds and Informs Characterization of Species Coexistence in Empirical Systems. Am Nat 2019; 194:794-806. [DOI: 10.1086/705826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fulton EA, Blanchard JL, Melbourne-Thomas J, Plagányi ÉE, Tulloch VJD. Where the Ecological Gaps Remain, a Modelers' Perspective. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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