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Wind T, Ros A, Chucholl C, Roch S, Schumann M, Schulz C, Brinker A. Inland freshwater aquaculture in a warming world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173275. [PMID: 38754498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change potentially threatens the sustainable production of highly valued cold-water fish species in flow-through systems, such as salmonids. By analysing the relationship of water temperature to hydrological characteristics, air temperature, solar exposure, and precipitation, this study predicted temperature dynamics of five temperate cold-water aquaculture facilities under four projected climate change scenarios. Air temperature was found to be directly associated with facility site water temperature, and based on rational assumptions, two of the five facilities were predicted to face critical warming by mid-century. Extreme precipitation events induced acute short-term increases in water temperature of up to 5 °C. Significantly lower warming, roughly equal to the projected climate change-induced increase, was seen with artificial shading lowering temperature by 1 °C. Complementary niche modelling revealed that 37-77 % of current cold-water facilities will likely incur suboptimal climate conditions by the end of the century. Shading of raceways, more efficient water use, and disease management are proposed as key actions to preserve cold-water aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Wind
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Albert Ros
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Christoph Chucholl
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Samuel Roch
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Mark Schumann
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Carsten Schulz
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Brinker
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany; University of Konstanz, Mainaustraße 252, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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2
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Poulin R, Salloum PM, Bennett J. Evolution of parasites in the Anthropocene: new pressures, new adaptive directions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38984760 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The Anthropocene is seeing the human footprint rapidly spreading to all of Earth's ecosystems. The fast-changing biotic and abiotic conditions experienced by all organisms are exerting new and strong selective pressures, and there is a growing list of examples of human-induced evolution in response to anthropogenic impacts. No organism is exempt from these novel selective pressures. Here, we synthesise current knowledge on human-induced evolution in eukaryotic parasites of animals, and present a multidisciplinary framework for its study and monitoring. Parasites generally have short generation times and huge fecundity, features that predispose them for rapid evolution. We begin by reviewing evidence that parasites often have substantial standing genetic variation, and examples of their rapid evolution both under conditions of livestock production and in serial passage experiments. We then present a two-step conceptual overview of the causal chain linking anthropogenic impacts to parasite evolution. First, we review the major anthropogenic factors impacting parasites, and identify the selective pressures they exert on parasites through increased mortality of either infective stages or adult parasites, or through changes in host density, quality or immunity. Second, we discuss what new phenotypic traits are likely to be favoured by the new selective pressures resulting from altered parasite mortality or host changes; we focus mostly on parasite virulence and basic life-history traits, as these most directly influence the transmission success of parasites and the pathology they induce. To illustrate the kinds of evolutionary changes in parasites anticipated in the Anthropocene, we present a few scenarios, either already documented or hypothetical but plausible, involving parasite taxa in livestock, aquaculture and natural systems. Finally, we offer several approaches for investigations and real-time monitoring of rapid, human-induced evolution in parasites, ranging from controlled experiments to the use of state-of-the-art genomic tools. The implications of fast-evolving parasites in the Anthropocene for disease emergence and the dynamics of infections in domestic animals and wildlife are concerning. Broader recognition that it is not only the conditions for parasite transmission that are changing, but the parasites themselves, is needed to meet better the challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Priscila M Salloum
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jerusha Bennett
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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3
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Sucharitakul P, Wu WM, Zhang Y, Peng BY, Gao J, Wang L, Hou D. Exposure Pathways and Toxicity of Microplastics in Terrestrial Insects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11887-11900. [PMID: 38885123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of plastics on aquatic organisms, including those of macroplastics, microplastics, and nanoplastics, have been well established. However, knowledge on the interaction between plastics and terrestrial insects is limited. To develop effective strategies for mitigating the impact of plastic pollution on terrestrial ecosystems, it is necessary to understand the toxicity effects and influencing factors of plastic ingestion by insects. An overview of current knowledge regarding plastic ingestion by terrestrial insects is provided in this Review, and the factors influencing this interaction are identified. The pathways through which insects interact with plastics, which can lead to plastic accumulation and microplastic transfer to higher trophic levels, are also discussed using an overview and a conceptual model. The diverse impacts of plastic exposure on insects are discussed, and the challenges in existing studies, such as a limited focus on certain plastic types, are identified. Further research on standardized methods for sampling and analysis is crucial for reliable research, and long-term monitoring is essential to assess plastic trends and ecological impacts in terrestrial ecosystems. The mechanisms underlying these effects need to be uncovered, and their potential long-term consequences for insect populations and ecosystems require evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Min Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4020, United States
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bo-Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Chen X, Li Y, Qin Z. Developing a novel quantitative parameter for characterizing spatial distribution of fish following exposure to chemicals and wastewater: Behavioral Gini coefficient. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:129-138. [PMID: 38408814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
While the spatial distribution pattern of fish is increasingly used for toxicological test of chemicals or wastewater, no ideal parameter is available for quantitative assessment of spatial distribution, especially uneven distribution with multiple hotspots. Here, to develop a quantitative assessment parameter for spatial distribution, the zebrafish were exposed to ethanol, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), paraquat dichloride (paraquat) and wastewater, followed by a behavioral test in a narrow tank. Behavioral data was acquired and analyzed by idTracker and MATLAB. By comparing the effects of all treatments on behavior parameters, we confirmed that the spatial distribution was more easily altered rather than general locomotor parameters, e.g. 0.7-70 mg/L PTZ and 5-20 mg/L paraquat being effective for altering spatial distribution but having little effects on general locomotor parameters. Based on the heatmap, i.e., the cumulative proportion of grids and that of frequency in grids, we calculated the behavioral Gini coefficient (Gb) for quantitative assessment of fish spatial distribution. The Gini coefficient ranged from zero to 1, with larger values meaning poorer evenness of spatial distribution. Of note, Gb showed smaller coefficient of variations (CV) with 3%-19% between replicate tanks in all treatments than the highest frequency (4%-79%), displaying well robustness. Especially, Gb addressed the challenge of the complicated heatmap with multiple hotspots. Overall, the behavioral Gini coefficient we established is an ideal parameter to quantitatively assess spatial distribution of fish shoal, which is expected to be applied in toxicity testing for chemicals and wastewater and automatic quality monitoring for surface water and aquaculture water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanfen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Van Havermaet S, Khaluf Y, Simoens P. Reactive shepherding along a dynamic path. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14915. [PMID: 38942794 PMCID: PMC11213918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Shepherding, the task of guiding a herd of autonomous individuals in a desired direction, is an essential skill employed in the herding of animals, crowd control, and evacuation operations. Integrating shepherding capabilities into robots holds promise to perform such tasks with increased efficiency and reduced labor costs. To date, robotic shepherds have only been designed to steer a herd towards a predetermined goal location without constraints on the trajectory. However, the tasks of a sheepdog encompass not only steering the herd but also (i) maintaining the herd within a designated area and (ii) averting dangers, obstacles, or undesirable terrain such as newly sown land. We present a decentralized control algorithm for multi-robot shepherding designed to guide a group of animals along a specified path delineated by two boundaries. The algorithm incorporates the additional objective of preserving the group within these boundaries. Simulation results reveal that, especially in sections of the path with sharp turns and a small distance between the boundaries, the group exhibits a tendency to deviate beyond the prescribed margin. Additionally, our findings emphasize the algorithm's sensitivity to the ratio of robot-group sizes and the magnitude of the group's velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Van Havermaet
- IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - imec, B-9052, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Yara Khaluf
- IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - imec, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6706KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Simoens
- IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - imec, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
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Ivantsova E, Martyniuk CJ. Environmental presence and toxicological outcomes of the herbicide pendimethalin in teleost fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02767-7. [PMID: 38896413 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Herbicides are often detected in aquatic ecosystems due to residential and agricultural applications and can harm aquatic organisms once deposited into water systems. Pendimethalin is part of the dinitroaniline chemical family and is applied to crops like corn, legumes, potatoes, and soybeans. The potential toxicity of pendimethalin to aquatic species is understudied compared to other widely studied herbicides, like atrazine and glyphosate. The objectives of this review were to (1) collate information on sub-lethal responses to pendimethalin exposure in fish, (2) evaluate how exposure studies relate to environmental concentrations, and (3) identify putative bioindicators for exposure studies. Overall, studies reporting pendimethalin in water systems worldwide indicate a range of 100-300 ng/L, but levels have been reported as high as ~15 µg/g in sediment. In teleost fish, studies demonstrate developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, and behavioral disruptions. The strongest evidence for pendimethalin-induced toxicity involves oxidative stress, although studies often test toxicity at higher concentrations than environmentally relevant levels. Using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, pathway analysis reveals linkages to neurotoxicity and mechanisms of neurodegeneration like "Ubiquitin Dependent Protein Degradation", "Microtubule Cytoskeleton", "Protein Oxidation and Aggregation in Aging", and "Parkinson's Disease". Other prominent pathways included those related to mTOR signaling and reproduction. Thus, two potential mechanisms underlying pendimethalin-induced toxicity in fish include the neural and reproductive systems. This review synthesizes current data regarding environmental fate and ecotoxicology of pendimethalin in teleost fish and points to some putative physiological and molecular responses that may be beneficial for assessing toxicity of the herbicide in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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7
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Alam L, Zolkaply SZ, Sumaila UR, Rusydy I, Kutty AA, Bari MA, Mokhtar M, Pradhoshini KP, Krishnakumar S, Musthafa MS. Risk of extinction, variability in fish species composition, and factors influencing fish biodiversity in the Malacca Strait. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41355-41369. [PMID: 37103711 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fish biodiversity in Malaysia is under pressure due to overexploitation, pollution, and climatic stressors. Nevertheless, the information on fish biodiversity and species vulnerability status is not well documented in the region. Therefore, a study on fish species composition and abundance in the Malacca Strait of Malaysia has been conducted for the purpose of monitoring biodiversity, determining the risk of species extinction, and identifying factors influencing biodiversity distribution. The sampling was conducted based on a random stratified sampling method from the three zones of sampling locations, i.e., estuary, mangrove, and open sea area of Tanjung Karang and Port Klang of Malacca Strait. Higher species diversity was recorded at Tanjung Karang coastal and mangrove areas (H' = 2.71; H' = 1.64) than Port Klang coastal and mangrove areas (H' = 1.50, H' = 0.29), an indication that the Port Klang area is comparatively more vulnerable. The study also explored sampling location, habitat, and IUCN red list as the influencing factors for fish biodiversity. Applying IUCN red list, this study identified one Endangered and one Vulnerable species with the forecasted increasing landing for both species. Our findings suggest the urgent need for the implementation of conservation measures as well as the continuous monitoring of fish biodiversity in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Alam
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zulaiha Zolkaply
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Agrotechnology and Bio-Industry, Jalan Raya, Lebuhraya Timur-Barat, Bandar Jeli, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ussif Rashid Sumaila
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ibnu Rusydy
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Abas Kutty
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Azizul Bari
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazlin Mokhtar
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network Asia Headquarters (UN SDSN ASIA), Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subbiah Krishnakumar
- Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariyagiri, Kaliyakkavilai, Kaniyakumari District, 629 153, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 014, Tamilnadu, India.
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Moreira RA, González MP, Dias MA, Ogura AP, Mena F, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG, Blasco J, Parra G, Araújo CVM. Ecological consequences when organisms avoid a contaminated environment: A study evaluating the toxicity of fipronil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171480. [PMID: 38492607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret these signals correctly is crucial to their survival and ecological niche. This study applied the Heterogenous Multi-Habitat Assay System - HeMHAS to evaluate the avoidance potential of Daphnia magna to detect fipronil-contaminated habitats in a connected landscape after a short (48 h), previous, forced exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of the same insecticide. The swimming of daphnids was also analyzed by recording the total distance covered. D. magna preferred areas with less contamination, although the effect of fipronil on their swimming ability (a decrease) was observed for all the concentrations tested. The application of non-forced multi-compartment exposure methodologies is a recent trend and is ecologically relevant as it is based on how contamination can really produce changes in an organism's habitat selection. Finally, we consider the importance of more non-forced exposure approaches where Stress Ecology can be aggregated to improve systemic understanding of the risk that contaminants pose to aquatic ecosystems from a broader landscape perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Moreira
- NEEA/SHS and PPG-SEA, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - María Pilar González
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Mariana A Dias
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan P Ogura
- NEEA/SHS and PPG-SEA, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Freylan Mena
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- NEEA/SHS and PPG-SEA, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Gema Parra
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Las Lagunillas S/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
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Gorule PA, Šmejkal M, Tapkir S, Stepanyshyna Y, Stejskal V, Follesa MC, Cau A. Long-term sublethal exposure to polyethylene and tire wear particles: Effects on risk-taking behaviour in invasive and native fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168233. [PMID: 37923265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic polymeric particles pollute even the most remote ecosystems and may compromise organisms' behaviour and movement skills. It is expected that invasive species cope better with pollutants than native species (i.e., pollution resistance hypothesis). In this study, invasive gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) and native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) were used as model organisms. Specimens were fed daily with food pellets (1 % body weight) added with 0.1 % polyethylene (PE), tire wear particles (TWPs) and control. Their behavioural parameters were compared before and after 14 and 60 days of exposure. Additionally, we evaluated burst swimming capacity after 60 days of exposure to the treatments. The fishes exposed to the PE and TWPs treatments showed significant trends toward increased boldness scores and, in the PE treatment, higher utilization of the open field, and both behavioural changes are associated with higher risk-taking. Invasive gibel carp had substantially better swimming performance than crucian carp, but the expected trend in relation to the treatments was not found. Fish exposed to sublethal doses of PE and TWPs showed signs of behavioural changes after two months of exposure that may affect risk-taking behaviour, which might impact species interactions with predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj A Gorule
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marek Šmejkal
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Sandip Tapkir
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yevdokiia Stepanyshyna
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Stejskal
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Cristina Follesa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; ConISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cau
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; ConISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
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10
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Johnson JV, Chequer AD, Goodbody-Gringley G. Insights from the 2-year-long human confinement experiment in Grand Cayman reveal the resilience of coral reef fish communities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21806. [PMID: 38071390 PMCID: PMC10710434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, the world went into lockdown to curb the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), with immediate impacts on wildlife across ecosystems. The strict 2-year long lockdown in Grand Cayman provided an unprecedented opportunity to assess how the 'human confinement experiment' influenced the community composition of reef fish. Using a suite of multivariate statistics, our findings revealed a stark increase in reef fish biomass during the 2 years of lockdown, especially among herbivores, including parrotfish, with drastic increases in juvenile parrotfishes identified. Additionally, when comparing baseline data of the community from 2018 to the 2 years during lockdown, over a three-fold significant increase in mean reef fish biomass was observed, with a clear shift in community composition. Our findings provide unique insights into the resilience of reef fish communities when local anthropogenic stressors are removed for an unprecedented length of time. Given the functional role of herbivores including parrotfish, our results suggest that reductions in human water-based activities have positive implications for coral reef ecosystems and should be considered in future management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack V Johnson
- Reef Ecology and Evolution Lab, Central Caribbean Marine Institute, Little Cayman, Cayman Islands.
| | - Alex D Chequer
- Reef Ecology and Evolution Lab, Central Caribbean Marine Institute, Little Cayman, Cayman Islands
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Sauliutė G, Makaras T, Pažusienė J, Valskienė R, Bučaitė A, Markuckas A, Markovskaja S, Stankevičiūtė M. A comparative analysis of multi-biomarker responses to environmental stress: Evaluating differences in landfill leachate and pathogenic oomycete effects between wild and captive Salmo trutta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165420. [PMID: 37433333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is one of the major means by which organisms can manage with environmental factor changes. Captivity-related stress and artificial rearing settings have been shown to dramatically alter fish response plasticity in terms of physiology, behavior, and health, potentially reducing overall fitness and fish survival. Understanding the variations in plasticity between captive-bred (kept in a homogenous environment) and wild fish populations in response to varied environmental pressures is becoming increasingly important, particularly in risk assessment research. In this study, we investigated whether captive-bred trout (Salmo trutta) are more susceptible to stress stimuli than their wild counterparts. In both wild and captive-bred trout, we investigated a battery of biomarkers that depicts the effects at various levels of biological organization in response to landfill leachate as a chemical pollutant, and after exposure to pathogenic oomycetes Saprolegnia parasitica. According to the findings, wild trout were more susceptible to chemical stimuli based on cytogenetic damage and catalase activity changes, whereas captive-bred trout were more sensitive to biological stress as evidenced by changes in overall fish activity and increasing cytogenetic damage in gills erythrocytes. Our findings emphasize the significance of exercising caution when conducting risk assessments of environmental pollutants using captive-bred animals, especially when seeking to extrapolate hazards and better understand the consequences of environmental contamination on wild fish populations. Additional comparative studies are required to investigate the impact of environmental stressors on multi-biomarker responses in both wild and captive fish populations in order to uncover changes in the plasticity of various traits that can result in adaptation or maladaptation to environmental stimuli within these fish populations, affecting data comparability and transferability to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintarė Sauliutė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Tomas Makaras
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Pažusienė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roberta Valskienė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Bučaitė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, Saulėtekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Markuckas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, Saulėtekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Svetlana Markovskaja
- Laboratory of Mycology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Stankevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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12
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Lucon-Xiccato T, De Russi G, Cannicci S, Maggi E, Bertolucci C. Embryonic exposure to artificial light at night impairs learning abilities and their covariance with behavioural traits in teleost fish. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230436. [PMID: 37990566 PMCID: PMC10663786 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural light cycle has profound effects on animals' cognitive systems. Its alteration owing to human activities, such as artificial light at night (ALAN), affects the biodiversity of mammalian and avian species by impairing their cognitive functions. The impact of ALAN on cognition, however, has not been investigated in aquatic species, in spite of the common occurrence of this pollution along water bodies. We exposed eggs of a teleost fish (the zebrafish Danio rerio) to ALAN and, upon hatching, we measured larvae' cognitive abilities with a habituation learning paradigm. Both control and ALAN-exposed larvae showed habituation learning, but the latter learned significantly slower, suggesting that under ALAN conditions, fish require many more events to acquire ecologically relevant information. We also found that individuals' learning performance significantly covaried with two behavioural traits in the control zebrafish, but ALAN disrupted one of these relationships. Additionally, ALAN resulted in an average increase in larval activity. Our results showed that both fish's cognitive abilities and related individual differences are negatively impacted by light pollution, even after a short exposure in the embryonic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaia De Russi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Cannicci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Department of Biology, CoNISMa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Bouchard C, Monperrus M, Sebihi S, Tentelier C, Bolliet V. A psychiatric drug found in waste-water plant effluents alters the migratory behavior of critically endangered Anguilla anguilla juveniles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115496. [PMID: 37742579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Migratory fishes cross or settle in several environments potentially polluted. Psychiatric drugs, which represent one growing pollution and are found in discharges from waste-water treatment plants, may alter individual behaviors. Here, we assessed behavioral alterations in the upstream migratory behavior of Anguilla anguilla caused by diazepam, an anxiolytic. We monitored the swimming activity, swimming behavior, and boldness to assess whether diazepam impacts them or not. Our 7-day behavioral follow-up allowed us to test the kinetics of the potential effects of diazepam. We found diazepam reduced swimming activity and altered individual swimming behavior, with fewer individuals swimming against the current, so swimming upstream. Those effects varied over time and were stronger at the end of our monitoring, suggesting chemical pollutants encountered in estuaries may act as a chemical burden for individuals, despite metabolisation. We also found diazepam favored bolder behavior in glass eels. Our results provide new knowledge on chemical pollution and psychiatric drugs inducing behavioral alterations. Those alterations may have ecological and evolutionary consequences for glass eels, by diminishing predator avoidance and impacting spatial colonization, and thus, local density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Bouchard
- UMR 1224 ECOBIOP, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAe, Saint-Pée-sur, Nivelle, France.
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM UMR 5254, CNRS, UPPA, Anglet, France
| | - Stellia Sebihi
- UMR 1224 ECOBIOP, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAe, Saint-Pée-sur, Nivelle, France
| | - Cédric Tentelier
- UMR 1224 ECOBIOP, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAe, Saint-Pée-sur, Nivelle, France
| | - Valérie Bolliet
- UMR 1224 ECOBIOP, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAe, Saint-Pée-sur, Nivelle, France
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14
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Van Havermaet S, Simoens P, Landgraf T, Khaluf Y. Steering herds away from dangers in dynamic environments. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230015. [PMID: 37234508 PMCID: PMC10206474 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Shepherding, the task of guiding a herd of autonomous individuals in a desired direction, is an essential skill to herd animals, enable crowd control and rescue from danger. Equipping robots with the capability of shepherding would allow performing such tasks with increased efficiency and reduced labour costs. So far, only single-robot or centralized multi-robot solutions have been proposed. The former is unable to observe dangers at any place surrounding the herd, and the latter does not generalize to unconstrained environments. Therefore, we propose a decentralized control algorithm for multi-robot shepherding, where the robots maintain a caging pattern around the herd to detect potential nearby dangers. When danger is detected, part of the robot swarm positions itself in order to repel the herd towards a safer region. We study the performance of our algorithm for different collective motion models of the herd. We task the robots to shepherd a herd to safety in two dynamic scenarios: (i) to avoid dangerous patches appearing over time and (ii) to remain inside a safe circular enclosure. Simulations show that the robots are always successful in shepherding when the herd remains cohesive, and enough robots are deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Van Havermaet
- Department of Information Technology, University of Ghent—imec, Technologiepark 126, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Simoens
- Department of Information Technology, University of Ghent—imec, Technologiepark 126, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Landgraf
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 7, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yara Khaluf
- Department of Information Technology, University of Ghent—imec, Technologiepark 126, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Eguiraun H, Martinez I. Entropy and Fractal Techniques for Monitoring Fish Behaviour and Welfare in Aquacultural Precision Fish Farming-A Review. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:e25040559. [PMID: 37190348 PMCID: PMC10137457 DOI: 10.3390/e25040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In a non-linear system, such as a biological system, the change of the output (e.g., behaviour) is not proportional to the change of the input (e.g., exposure to stressors). In addition, biological systems also change over time, i.e., they are dynamic. Non-linear dynamical analyses of biological systems have revealed hidden structures and patterns of behaviour that are not discernible by classical methods. Entropy analyses can quantify their degree of predictability and the directionality of individual interactions, while fractal dimension (FD) analyses can expose patterns of behaviour within apparently random ones. The incorporation of these techniques into the architecture of precision fish farming (PFF) and intelligent aquaculture (IA) is becoming increasingly necessary to understand and predict the evolution of the status of farmed fish. This review summarizes recent works on the application of entropy and FD techniques to selected individual and collective fish behaviours influenced by the number of fish, tagging, pain, preying/feed search, fear/anxiety (and its modulation) and positive emotional contagion (the social contagion of positive emotions). Furthermore, it presents an investigation of collective and individual interactions in shoals, an exposure of the dynamics of inter-individual relationships and hierarchies, and the identification of individuals in groups. While most of the works have been carried out using model species, we believe that they have clear applications in PFF. The review ends by describing some of the major challenges in the field, two of which are, unsurprisingly, the acquisition of high-quality, reliable raw data and the construction of large, reliable databases of non-linear behavioural data for different species and farming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkaitz Eguiraun
- Department of Graphic Design & Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology-Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iciar Martinez
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology-Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
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16
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Lacy B, Rivera M, Flores L, Rahman MS. Combined effects of high temperature and pesticide mixture exposure on free-swimming behaviors and hepatic cytochrome P450 1A expression in goldfish, Carassius auratus. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:144-165. [PMID: 36756740 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2174463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The synergy between multiple compounds and other stressors, including heat, creates volatility and greater unpredictability than standard single-chemical toxicity testing, especially in the case of pesticides and metabolites which might contain several noxious ingredients resulting in adverse ecological effects. To address this, the aim of this study was to examine the dose- and time-dependent effects of low- and high-dose pesticide mixture (metalachlor, linuron, isoproturon, tebucanazole, aclonifen, atrazine, pendimethalin, azinphos-methyl) and heat stress co-exposure (22°C control/32°C treatment for 4-week) on free-swimming behaviors and cumulative actionless time (CAT) of goldfish. Behavioral analysis showed a dose- and time-dependent decrease in distance swam, as well as a subsequent increase in CAT. Vertical and horizontal spatial behavioral use were affected under heat and pesticides co-exposure conditions. In 3- and 4-week(s) exposure groups, horizontal spatial behavioral use demonstrated elevated time spent in the lower third of the aquarium. Similarly, during 3- and 4-week(s) exposure (32°C control and 32°C high doses) vertical spatial behavioral use was found to increase time spent in the outermost edges of the aquarium. In all treatment groups, the final condition factor (KM) showed significant attenuation when compared to the initial KM. However, there was an unclear relationship between heat/pesticide co-exposure and growth most notably in 32°C high-dose groups. In addition, the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A mRNA was significantly higher in pesticide-exposed groups. Taken together, data demonstrated that co-exposure with low- or high-dose pesticide mixture and heat stress significantly impacted natural swimming patterns, which over time might result in the broader population and ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Lacy
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Leinady Flores
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
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17
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Tian D, Shi W, Yu Y, Zhou W, Tang Y, Zhang W, Huang L, Han Y, Liu G. Enrofloxacin exposure induces anxiety-like behavioral responses in zebrafish by affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160094. [PMID: 36372168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of antibiotic residues in aqueous environments poses a great potential threat to aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the behavioral effects of environmentally realistic levels of antibiotics remain poorly understood in fish species. In this study, the behavioral impacts of enrofloxacin, one of typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics that is frequently detected in aquatic environments, were evaluated by the classic light-dark test (LDT) and novel tank task (NTT) in zebrafish. Furthermore, the effects of enrofloxacin exposure on the microbiota-gut-brain axis were also assessed to reveal potential affecting mechanisms underlying the behavioral abnormality observed. Our results demonstrated that zebrafish exposed to 60 μg/L enrofloxacin for 28 days took significantly longer to enter the stressful area of the testing tank and spent significantly less time there in both the LDT and NTT, indicating abnormal anxiety-like behaviors induced by the exposure. In addition, exposure to enrofloxacin at 6 and 60 μg/L resulted in a significant elevation in Bacteroidetes and a marked decline in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the gut microbiota. Moreover, the intestinal contents of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in zebrafish were significantly upregulated, whereas those of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (COR) were markedly downregulated upon enrofloxacin exposure. Incubation of zebrafish with a high dose of enrofloxacin (60 μg/L) also resulted in evident increases in the contents of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain. Fortunately, no significant alteration in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was detected in the brain after enrofloxacin exposure. Our findings suggest that the disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis may account for enrofloxacin-induced anxiety-like behaviors in zebrafish. Since the disruption of microbiota-gut-brain axis may give rise to various clinical symptoms, the health risk of antibiotic exposure deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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18
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Prentice PM, Houslay TM, Wilson AJ. Exploiting animal personality to reduce chronic stress in captive fish populations. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1046205. [PMID: 36590805 PMCID: PMC9794626 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1046205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major source of welfare problems in many captive populations, including fishes. While we have long known that chronic stress effects arise from maladaptive expression of acute stress response pathways, predicting where and when problems will arise is difficult. Here we highlight how insights from animal personality research could be useful in this regard. Since behavior is the first line of organismal defense when challenged by a stressor, assays of shy-bold type personality variation can provide information about individual stress response that is expected to predict susceptibility to chronic stress. Moreover, recent demonstrations that among-individual differences in stress-related physiology and behaviors are underpinned by genetic factors means that selection on behavioral biomarkers could offer a route to genetic improvement of welfare outcomes in captive fish stocks. Here we review the evidence in support of this proposition, identify remaining empirical gaps in our understanding, and set out appropriate criteria to guide development of biomarkers. The article is largely prospective: fundamental research into fish personality shows how behavioral biomarkers could be used to achieve welfare gains in captive fish populations. However, translating potential to actual gains will require an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the expertise and viewpoints of researchers working across animal behavior, genetics, and welfare science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M. Prentice
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. Houslay
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Alastair J. Wilson
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19
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An Overview of the Impact of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Microbial Communities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121700. [PMID: 36551357 PMCID: PMC9774725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are present as pollutants in several ecosystems worldwide. Despite the reduced concentrations at which they are detected, their negative impact on natural biota constitutes a global concern. The consequences of pharmaceuticals' presence in water sources and food have been evaluated with a higher detail for human health. However, although most of the pharmaceuticals detected in the environment had not been designed to act against microorganisms, it is of utmost importance to understand their impact on the environmental native microbiota. Microbial communities can suffer serious consequences from the presence of pharmaceuticals as pollutants in the environment, which may directly impact public health and ecosystem equilibrium. Among this class of pollutants, the ones that have been studied in more detail are antibiotics. This work aims to provide an overview of the impacts of different pharmaceuticals on environmental biofilms, more specifically in biofilms from aquatic ecosystems and engineered water systems. The alterations caused in the biofilm function and characteristics, as well as bacteria antimicrobial tolerance and consequently the associated risks for public health, are also reviewed. Despite the information already available on this topic, the need for additional data urges the assessment of emerging pollutants on microbial communities and the potential public health impacts.
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20
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Liégeois S, Delaunay M, Lécureuil C, Goubault M. Sublethal doses of pyriproxyfen stimulate reproduction and aggressive behavior in a non-target parasitoid wasp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156880. [PMID: 35753446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are commonly used to control populations of pests and disease vectors. However, they can have multiple unintended effects on non-target species. Assessing their impacts on the physiology and behavior of beneficial insects, such as biological control agents, is thus necessary to gain insight into the diversity and nature of such side effects. Here, we investigated the effect of sublethal doses of the endocrine disrupting insecticide pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone agonist, on females of the solitary ectoparasitoid Eupelmus vuilleti (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). These parasitoid wasps can be used as biological control agents to control the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), that infests cowpea seeds, Vigna unguiculata (Fabacea). To do so, in addition to classical measures on female fecundity and survival, we focused on female behaviors that can have important consequences on female fitness and host exploitation. First, we showed that pyriproxyfen stimulated egg production without affecting female survival. Second, we observed that low doses of this insecticide had no effect on females' exploration and host discrimination ability but stimulated their aggressiveness when fighting for host access. Although a negative impact on other life-history traits cannot be ruled out at this point, these results showed low doses of pyriproxyfen can have unintended positive effects on ectoparasitoid E. vuilleti females, by enhancing at least temporarily their reproduction and host access in a situation of competition. Our work thus highlights the importance of studying the diversity of possible unintended sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Liégeois
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Manon Delaunay
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Marlène Goubault
- IRBI UMR 7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
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21
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Gallois B, Pontani LL, Debrégeas G, Candelier R. A scalable assay for chemical preference of small freshwater fish. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:990792. [PMID: 36212190 PMCID: PMC9541871 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.990792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing the chemical world is of primary importance for aquatic organisms, and small freshwater fish are increasingly used in toxicology, ethology, and neuroscience by virtue of their ease of manipulation, tissue imaging amenability, and genetic tractability. However, precise behavioral analyses are generally challenging to perform due to the lack of knowledge of what chemical the fish are exposed to at any given moment. Here we developed a behavioral assay and a specific infrared dye to probe the preference of young zebrafish for virtually any compound. We found that the innate aversion of zebrafish to citric acid is not mediated by modulation of the swim but rather by immediate avoidance reactions when the product is sensed and that the preference of juvenile zebrafish for ATP changes from repulsion to attraction during successive exposures. We propose an information-based behavioral model for which an exploration index emerges as a relevant behavioral descriptor, complementary to the standard preference index. Our setup features a high versatility in protocols and is automatic and scalable, which paves the way for high-throughput preference compound screening at different ages.
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22
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Karalija E, Carbó M, Coppi A, Colzi I, Dainelli M, Gašparović M, Grebenc T, Gonnelli C, Papadakis V, Pilić S, Šibanc N, Valledor L, Poma A, Martinelli F. Interplay of plastic pollution with algae and plants: hidden danger or a blessing? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129450. [PMID: 35999715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the era of plastic pollution, plants have been discarded as a system that is not affected by micro and nanoplastics, but contrary to beliefs that plants cannot absorb plastic particles, recent research proved otherwise. The presented review gives insight into known aspects of plants' interplay with plastics and how plants' ability to absorb plastic particles can be utilized to remove plastics from water and soil systems. Microplastics usually cannot be absorbed by plant root systems due to their size, but some reports indicate they might enter plant tissues through stomata. On the other hand, nanoparticles can enter plant root systems, and reports of their transport via xylem to upper plant parts have been recorded. Bioaccumulation of nanoplastics in upper plant parts is still not confirmed. The prospects of using biosystems for the remediation of soils contaminated with plastics are still unknown. However, algae could be used to degrade plastic particles in water systems through enzyme facilitated degradation processes. Considering the amount of plastic pollution, especially in the oceans, further research is necessary on the utilization of algae in plastic degradation. Special attention should be given to the research concerning utilization of algae with restricted algal growth, ensuring that a different problem is not induced, "sea blooming", during the degradation of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Karalija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department for Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - María Carbó
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Dainelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Mateo Gašparović
- Chair of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Kačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Selma Pilić
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department for Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Nataša Šibanc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Anna Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Laboratory of Genetics and Mutagenesis, via Vetoio 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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23
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Zhou L, Liu K, Zhao Y, Cui L, Dong C, Wang Z. Increasing salinization of freshwater limits invasiveness of a live-bearing fish: Insights from behavioral and life-history traits. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119658. [PMID: 35750304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions and continued salinization of freshwater are two global issues with largely serious ecological consequences. Increasing salinity in freshwater systems, as an environmental stressor, may negatively affect normal life activities in fish. It has been documented that salinity limits the invasive success of alien species by mediating physiological and life-history performances, however, there are few studies on how salinity affects its invasive process via altered behaviors. Using wild-caught invasive western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as animal model, in this study, we asked whether gradual increasing salinity affects behaviors (personality and mate choice decision here), life-history traits, as well as the correlation between them by exposing G. affinis to three levels salinity (freshwater, 10 and 20‰). Results showed that, with increased salinity, male tended to be shyer, less active, less sociable, and reduced desire to mate, and female tended to be shyer, less active and lost preferences for the larger male. Furthermore, across salinity treatments, male exhibited reduced body fat content and rising reproduction allocation, however, pregnant female revealed diametrically opposed trends. In addition, the correlation between life-history traits and behaviors was only identified in pregnant female. It seems that either salinity or life-history traits directly affects mosquitofish behaviors. In summary, our results partially emphasize the harmful consequences of salinity on both life-history traits and behavioral performances. These findings provide a novel perspective on how salinity potentially affect fish fitness via altering personalities, mate choice decisions, as well as body condition, and hence supports the idea that salinity could affect the spread of invasive mosquitofish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China
| | - Ling Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China
| | - Chenglong Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China.
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24
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Aimon C, Lebigre C, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Effects of dispersant-treated oil upon behavioural and metabolic parameters of the anti-predator response in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155430. [PMID: 35461926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to oil and oil dispersants can cause a wide range of physiological dysfunctions in marine fish species and evidences for consequences on behaviour are also increasing. In response to the presence of predators or to food availability, the modulation of locomotor activity and schools' behaviour enable fish to maximize their survival rates. However, the degree to which this regulatory process is affected by exposure to oil and/or dispersants is yet unknown. Here we investigated the effect of a 62-h experimental exposure to dispersant-treated oil on the behavioural (shoal cohesion, spontaneous activity) and metabolic (oxygen consumption) responses to simulated predation in juvenile European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. Our results suggest that exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons may affect negatively individual fitness through impaired ability to respond to predation. Shoal cohesion was not affected, but fish swimming activity was higher than control individuals under predation pressure and the amplitude of their metabolic response was significantly reduced. Fish recovered from alteration of their metabolic response 7 days post-exposure. Additionally, a strong habituation component was observed in C fish and the absence of such pattern in E fish suggest altered capacity to habituate over time to the surrounding environment and possible impairments of the related cognitive performances. Altogether, our data show that juvenile sea bass exposed to oil exhibit transient physiological dysfunctions and impairments of complex behaviours that may have major population-level consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aimon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France.
| | - C Lebigre
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Ifremer, INRAE, Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | - S Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
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25
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Bertram MG, Martin JM, McCallum ES, Alton LA, Brand JA, Brooks BW, Cerveny D, Fick J, Ford AT, Hellström G, Michelangeli M, Nakagawa S, Polverino G, Saaristo M, Sih A, Tan H, Tyler CR, Wong BB, Brodin T. Frontiers in quantifying wildlife behavioural responses to chemical pollution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1346-1364. [PMID: 35233915 PMCID: PMC9543409 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal behaviour is remarkably sensitive to disruption by chemical pollution, with widespread implications for ecological and evolutionary processes in contaminated wildlife populations. However, conventional approaches applied to study the impacts of chemical pollutants on wildlife behaviour seldom address the complexity of natural environments in which contamination occurs. The aim of this review is to guide the rapidly developing field of behavioural ecotoxicology towards increased environmental realism, ecological complexity, and mechanistic understanding. We identify research areas in ecology that to date have been largely overlooked within behavioural ecotoxicology but which promise to yield valuable insights, including within- and among-individual variation, social networks and collective behaviour, and multi-stressor interactions. Further, we feature methodological and technological innovations that enable the collection of data on pollutant-induced behavioural changes at an unprecedented resolution and scale in the laboratory and the field. In an era of rapid environmental change, there is an urgent need to advance our understanding of the real-world impacts of chemical pollution on wildlife behaviour. This review therefore provides a roadmap of the major outstanding questions in behavioural ecotoxicology and highlights the need for increased cross-talk with other disciplines in order to find the answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| | - Jake M. Martin
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Erin S. McCallum
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| | - Lesley A. Alton
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Jack A. Brand
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityOne Bear PlaceWacoTexas76798‐7266U.S.A.
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in Ceske BudejoviceZátiší 728/IIVodnany389 25Czech Republic
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityLinnaeus väg 10UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| | - Alex T. Ford
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthWinston Churchill Avenue, PortsmouthHampshirePO1 2UPU.K.
| | - Gustav Hellström
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
| | - Marcus Michelangeli
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California350 E Quad, DavisCaliforniaCA95616U.S.A.
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South Wales, Biological Sciences West (D26)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Giovanni Polverino
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWA6009Australia
- Department of Ecological and Biological SciencesTuscia UniversityVia S.M. in Gradi n.4ViterboLazio01100Italy
| | - Minna Saaristo
- Environment Protection Authority VictoriaEPA Science2 Terrace WayMacleodVictoria3085Australia
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California350 E Quad, DavisCaliforniaCA95616U.S.A.
| | - Hung Tan
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterStocker RoadExeterDevonEX4 4QDU.K.
| | - Bob B.M. Wong
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University25 Rainforest WalkMelbourneVictoria3800Australia
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgränd 17UmeåVästerbottenSE‐907 36Sweden
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26
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Cummings ME, Marsh-Rollo SE, Alonzo SH. Cognitive-Behavioral Divergence Is Greater Across Alternative Male Reproductive Phenotypes Than Between the Sexes in a Wild Wrasse. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.929595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection is a powerful diversifier of phenotype, behavior and cognition. Here we compare cognitive-behavioral traits across four reproductive phenotypes (females and three alternative males) of wild-caught ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus). Both sex and alternative male phenotypes are environmentally determined with sex determination occuring within the first year, and males transition between alternative phenotypes across 2 years (sneaker to satellite or satellite to nesting). We captured 151 ocellated wrasse and tested them on different behavior and cognition assays (scototaxis, shoaling, and two detour-reaching tasks). We found greater divergence across alternative male reproductive phenotypes than differences between the sexes in behavior, problem-solving, and relationships between these traits. Nesting males were significantly less bold than others, while sneaker males were faster problem-solvers and the only phenotype to display a cognitive-behavioral syndrome (significant correlation between boldness and problem-solving speed). Combining these results with prior measurements of sex steroid and stress hormone across males, suggests that nesting and sneaker males represent different coping styles. Our data suggests that transitioning between alternative male phenotypes requires more than changes in physiology (size and ornamentation) and mating tactic (sneaking vs. cooperation), but also involves significant shifts in cognitive-behavioral and coping style plasticity.
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27
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Hyun J, Ryu B, Jiang YF, Je JG, Yang HW, Yang F, Jeon YJ. Detrimental impact of fine dust on zebrafish: Investigating a protective agent against ocular-damage using in vitro and in vivo models. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133602. [PMID: 35032516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution caused by fine dust is becoming a global problem in the aquatic environment. Many studies have investigated the hazards that fine dust may pose to terrestrial organisms; however, information on the effects on aquatic environments remain limited. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of the fine dust associated with the captured powder or liquid state were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Raw fine dust (RFD), in the captured powder state, was suspended in water (SFD), and the elemental composition, morphology, and size distribution of both were analyzed. Zebrafish were used as a model to study the effects of SFD-exposure on aquatic organisms. A fatal malformation was observed in the integuments of zebrafish exposed to SFD, specifically in the exterior and interior eye tissues. Furthermore, the exposure of SFD to Tg (flk; EGFP) zebrafish remarkably increased ocular vessel diameter expansion along with blood flow velocity. Regarding vessel diameter expansion, EA.hy926 cells exposed to SFD were adversely affected, with a significant increase in cell migration and capillary-like structure formation, which are angiogenic markers. The SFD-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo was dramatically restored to normal via α/β-adenosine isolated from the anti-angiogenic brown algae Ishige okamurae extract. Taken together, the current study presents solid evidence of the altered physicochemical characteristics of SFD compared to RFD, and the detrimental impact of SFD in an aquatic in vivo zebrafish model. In addition, the protective effect of α/β-adenosine, a marine natural product, on SFD-induced angiogenesis suggests that it can be used as an agent to reduce the adverse effects of SFD on aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hyun
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Fei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; School of Food Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, China
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengqi Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Daniel DK, Bhat A. Sex and Population Drive Interindividual Variations in a Cognitive Task Across Three Populations of Wild Zebrafish. Front Psychol 2022; 13:786486. [PMID: 35310218 PMCID: PMC8931718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.786486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal personality refers to the consistency of variation in behavior among individuals which may be the driving force behind variations in complex behaviors as well. Individual personality could predict how well an organism would perform in behavior and cognition related tasks, as well as survive and thrive in its environment. Therefore, we would expect inter-individual variations in many behaviors, which would persist even if habituation to the experimental setup occurs, which generally results in convergence of behavior (i.e., the difference between individuals becomes less pronounced). Our study used wild-caught zebrafish (Danio rerio) from three natural habitats with differing ecological regimes, to understand how consistency and repeatability in specific traits such as boldness, exploration, and spatial ability varies across and within populations even when habituation causes change in behavior. We found that the extent of individual variation differs between populations, with dynamic habitats showing similar repeatability. This indicates that habitat conditions are important drivers of individual variation in addition to other factors, such as sex or size of individuals within populations. Although we found that sex and size played an important role within some populations for some behaviors, in others, the variation was likely caused by other factors (for example, ecological factors such as vegetation and/or resource availability), for which we have not accounted. This study underlines the importance of studying inter-individual differences as the phenomenon that underpins multiple behavioral traits and explains the possible role of environmental and inherent factors that drive these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuradha Bhat
- *Correspondence: Anuradha Bhat, , orcid.org/0000-0002-7447-2380
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29
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Moreira ALP, Luchiari AC. Effects of oxybenzone on zebrafish behavior and cognition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152101. [PMID: 34863770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the Earth's surface increased the need for UV filters products. One of the most used is oxybenzone, which is indiscriminately released in the environment. Oxybenzone's ecotoxicological effects on physiology have been investigated because of the bioaccumulation and action as an endocrine disruptor. However, little is known about its effects on behavior or cognition. In this study, we approach the effects of short-term oxybenzone exposure on locomotion, anxiety-like, social behavior, and short-term memory in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were exposed to oxybenzone 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1 for 15 days and then tested (novel tank, shoal preference, mirror test, and T-maze with novelty). Fish exposed to oxybenzone showed reduced locomotion, decreased anxiety-like behavior, less time near/interacting with the shoal, fewer interactions with the mirror image, and decreased exploration of the novel arm in the T-maze test. These results suggest that oxybenzone affects perception, increases risk-taking, impairs proper aggressive response, and jeopardizes the animals' ability to retain information. These results reinforce the risk posed by products discarded into the aquatic ecosystems, especially those with underestimated toxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Pires Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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30
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Makaras T, Stankevičiūtė M. Swimming behaviour in two ecologically similar three-spined (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) and nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius L.): a comparative approach for modelling the toxicity of metal mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14479-14496. [PMID: 34617211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sticklebacks (Gasterosteiformes) are increasingly used in ecological and evolutionary research and have become well established as role model species for biologists. However, ecotoxicology studies concerning behavioural effects in sticklebacks regarding stress responses, mainly induced by chemical mixtures, have hardly been addressed. For this purpose, we investigated the swimming behaviour (including mortality rate based on 96-h LC50 values) of two ecologically similar three-spined (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) to short-term (up to 24 h) metal mixture (MIX) exposure. We evaluated the relevance and efficacy of behavioural responses of test species in the early toxicity assessment of chemical mixtures. Fish exposed to six (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Cr) metals in the mixture were either singled out by the Water Framework Directive as priority or as relevant substances in surface water, which was prepared according to the environmental quality standards (EQSs) of these metals set for inland waters in the European Union (EU) (Directive 2013/39/EU). The performed behavioural analysis showed the main effect on the interaction between time, species, and treatment variables. Although both species exposed to MIX revealed a decreasing tendency in swimming activity, these species' responsiveness to MIX was somewhat different. Substantial changes in the activity of G. aculeatus were established after a 3-h exposure to MIX solutions, which was 1.43-fold lower, while in the case of P. pungitius, 1.96-fold higher than established 96-h LC50 values for each species. This study demonstrated species-specific differences in response sensitivity to metal-based water pollution, indicating behavioural insensitivity of P. pungitius as model species for aquatic biomonitoring and environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Makaras
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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31
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Redondo-López S, León AC, Jiménez K, Solano K, Blanco-Peña K, Mena F. Transient exposure to sublethal concentrations of a pesticide mixture (chlorpyrifos-difenoconazole) caused different responses in fish species from different trophic levels of the same community. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109208. [PMID: 34626844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of early effects caused in biota by sublethal exposure to pesticide mixtures should enhance the realism in the ecological risk assessment for agricultural landscapes. This study aimed to evaluate sub-individual responses in fish, which can be linked with outcomes at higher levels of biological organization and affect their trophic relationships. A multilevel biomarker approach was applied to assess the effects of a 48 h exposure of two freshwater mesoamerican fish species (Parachromis dovii and Poecilia gillii) to a mixture of sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (5 μg/L) and difenoconazole (325 μg/L). Transcriptomic induction of cyp1A and the activities of 7-ethoxy-resorufin-O-distillase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured as biotransformation-related biomarkers; cholinesterase activity (ChE) was assessed as a neurotoxicity biomarker; resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured as a physiological biomarker; and the movement of fish in a dark-light environment as a behavior biomarker. The exposure to the mixture had evident effects on P. gillii, with significant induction of cyp1A transcription, increased EROD activity, ChE inhibition in muscle, and increased permanence in the light side of the dark-light environment. Meanwhile, P. dovii only showed significant induction of cyp1A, without evidence of neurotoxicity or changes in behavior. This study demonstrates that the severity of the effects caused by the exposure to a mixture of pesticides can differ among species from the same trophic chain. The potential impairment of predator-prey relationships is a relevant effect that pesticide pollution can cause and it should be considered for the risk assessment of such contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Redondo-López
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Costa Rica.
| | - Ana C León
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
| | - Katherine Jiménez
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Costa Rica
| | - Karla Solano
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Costa Rica
| | - Kinndle Blanco-Peña
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Costa Rica
| | - Freylan Mena
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Costa Rica.
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32
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Schuijt LM, Peng FJ, van den Berg SJP, Dingemans MML, Van den Brink PJ. (Eco)toxicological tests for assessing impacts of chemical stress to aquatic ecosystems: Facts, challenges, and future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148776. [PMID: 34328937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of chemicals in the aquatic environment by chemical analysis alone cannot completely assess and predict the effects of chemicals on aquatic species and ecosystems. This is primarily because of the increasing number of (unknown) chemical stressors and mixture effects present in the environment. In addition, the ability of ecological indices to identify underlying stressors causing negative ecological effects is limited. Therefore, additional complementary methods are needed that can address the biological effects in a direct manner and provide a link to chemical exposure, i.e. (eco)toxicological tests. (Eco)toxicological tests are defined as test systems that expose biological components (cells, individuals, populations, communities) to (environmental mixtures of) chemicals to register biological effects. These tests measure responses at the sub-organismal (biomarkers and in vitro bioassays), whole-organismal, population, or community level. We performed a literature search to obtain a state-of-the-art overview of ecotoxicological tests available for assessing impacts of chemicals to aquatic biota and to reveal datagaps. In total, we included 509 biomarkers, 207 in vitro bioassays, 422 tests measuring biological effects at the whole-organismal level, and 78 tests at the population- community- and ecosystem-level. Tests at the whole-organismal level and biomarkers were most abundant for invertebrates and fish, whilst in vitro bioassays are mostly based on mammalian cell lines. Tests at the community- and ecosystem-level were almost missing for organisms other than microorganisms and algae. In addition, we provide an overview of the various extrapolation challenges faced in using data from these tests and suggest some forward looking perspectives. Although extrapolating the measured responses to relevant protection goals remains challenging, the combination of ecotoxicological experiments and models is key for a more comprehensive assessment of the effects of chemical stressors to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Schuijt
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Sanne J P van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Mendes RC, Henriques MB, Barbieri E. Carbofuran affects behavior and metabolism of the Atlantic Forest lambari Deuterodon iguape, a native species from Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61128-61136. [PMID: 34169417 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the major causes of aquatic biodiversity loss is the contamination of the environment by pesticides. Even though there is a considerable amount of studies on the subject, there are still few that deal with the effects of carbofuran on native species in Brazil. Although carbofuran is widely used in Brazil, its action on native organisms, such as the Atlantic Forest lambari Deuterodon iguape, has not yet been studied. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to carbofuran on the fish D. iguape, considering the behavior and specific oxygen consumption as end points. Opercular movements, dorsal fin movements, and swimming speed were analyzed as behavioral parameters. To assess specific oxygen consumption, fish were subjected to concentrations of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L, for 24 h. For behavior analysis, fish remained exposed to carbofuran at concentrations of 0.0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/L, in periods of 0, 2, 24, and 48 h. The behavior was studied through filming, analyzed with the free software, Tracker 4.92 (Open Source Physics). The results demonstrate an increase in opercular movements (18% ± 2.65) and a decrease in dorsal fin movements (- 21.2% ± 2.97), as well as in swimming speed (- 58.3% ± 1.83) of the experimental groups compared to the control group. There was an increase in oxygen consumption of 58.4% in fish exposed to the highest concentration of carbofuran. Thus, it is concluded that carbofuran altered D. iguape's behavior and oxygen consumption. The species was sensitive to carbofuran concentrations and can be used as a bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Claudionor Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Pesca, Instituto de Pesca - Governo do Estado de São Paulo, APTA, SAA/SP, Caixa Postal 157, Cananéia, SP, 11990-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Barbosa Henriques
- Instituto de Pesca - Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmão, 192, Ponta da Praia, Santos, SP, 11030-906, Brazil
| | - Edison Barbieri
- Instituto de Pesca - Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Professor Wladimir Besnard, s/n, Caixa Postal 157, Cananéia, SP, 11900-000, Brazil.
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Wild Zebrafish Sentinels: Biological Monitoring of Site Differences Using Behavior and Morphology. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070165. [PMID: 34357908 PMCID: PMC8309768 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Environmental change poses a devastating risk to human and environmental health. Rapid assessment of water conditions is necessary for monitoring, evaluating, and addressing this global health danger. Sentinels or biological monitors can be deployed in the field using minimal resources to detect water quality changes in real time, quickly and cheaply. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are ideal sentinels for detecting environmental changes due to their biomedical tool kit, widespread geographic distribution, and well-characterized phenotypic responses to environmental disturbances. Here, we demonstrate the utility of zebrafish sentinels by characterizing phenotypic differences in wild zebrafish between two field sites in India. Site 1 was a rural environment with flowing water, low-hypoxic conditions, minimal human-made debris, and high iron and lead concentrations. Site 2 was an urban environment with still water, hypoxic conditions, plastic pollution, and high arsenic, iron, and chromium concentrations. We found that zebrafish from Site 2 were smaller, more cohesive, and less active than Site 1 fish. We also found sexually dimorphic body shapes within the Site 2, but not the Site 1, population. Advancing zebrafish sentinel research and development will enable rapid detection, evaluation, and response to emerging global health threats.
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35
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Ayodeji OJ, Awoyemi OM. Beef cattle feedlot surface water containing multi-class agrochemicals elicits physiological and behavioral responses among Daphnia pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:414. [PMID: 34117952 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing public concern about air and water pollution risks posed by concentrated animal feeding operation areas (CAFOs), there is little information about bioavailability and ecosystem impacts of agrochemicals used to increase productivity. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of wastewaters originating from beef cattle feeding operation on Daphnia pulex. Specifically, we assessed lethal and chronic sublethal exposure effects using various endpoints including survival, oxygen consumption, morphology, reproduction, and swimming behavior. Exposure assessments (acute and chronic) were performed with ten (10) surface water samples collected from on-site retention ponds designated as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and R (reference site). Surface water samples were diluted to yield five concentrations (stock, 1 × , 2 × , 3 × , and 4 ×) as treatments and deionized water was used as control. Results showed site-specific and concentration-related effects on toxicity endpoints. Among treatments, significant (p < 0.05) increase in mortality rate (for A, E, F, and H) and decreasing total body length and width (for B, C, D, and G) of D. pulex were observed with increasing wastewater concentration. However, treatments did not have significant effect on swimming behavior (average speed) after exposure to the wastewater samples from all sites except for site E. Evidence from this study suggested that surface waters near beef cattle feed yards affected physiological responses in D. pulex and therefore may similarly affect organisms in the surrounding aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode J Ayodeji
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA.
| | - Olushola M Awoyemi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA
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36
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Sabal MC, Boyce MS, Charpentier CL, Furey NB, Luhring TM, Martin HW, Melnychuk MC, Srygley RB, Wagner CM, Wirsing AJ, Ydenberg RC, Palkovacs EP. Predation landscapes influence migratory prey ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:737-749. [PMID: 33994219 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Migratory prey experience spatially variable predation across their life cycle. They face unique challenges in navigating this predation landscape, which affects their perception of risk, antipredator responses, and resulting mortality. Variable and unfamiliar predator cues during migration can limit accurate perception of risk and migrants often rely on social information and learning to compensate. The energetic demands of migration constrain antipredator responses, often through context-dependent patterns. While migration can increase mortality, migrants employ diverse strategies to balance risks and rewards, including life history and antipredator responses. Humans interact frequently with migratory prey across space and alter both mortality risk and antipredator responses, which can scale up to affect migratory populations and should be considered in conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Sabal
- University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - Mark S Boyce
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada
| | | | - Nathan B Furey
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Biological Sciences, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Thomas M Luhring
- Wichita State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Hans W Martin
- University of Montana, Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Michael C Melnychuk
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert B Srygley
- Pest Management Research Unit, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT 59270, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 0843-03092, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - C Michael Wagner
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aaron J Wirsing
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ronald C Ydenberg
- Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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Petitjean Q, Jacquin L, Riem L, Pitout M, Perrault A, Cousseau M, Laffaille P, Jean S. Intraspecific variability of responses to combined metal contamination and immune challenge among wild fish populations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116042. [PMID: 33190983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wild organisms are increasingly exposed to multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors that can interact in complex ways and lead to unexpected effects. In aquatic ecosystems, contamination by trace metals has deleterious effects on fish health and commonly co-occurs with pathogens, which affect similar physiological and behavioral traits. However, the combined effects of metal contamination and parasitism are still poorly known. In addition, the sensitivity to multiple stressors could be highly variable among different fish populations depending on their evolutionary history, but this intraspecific variability is rarely taken into account in existing ecotoxicological studies. Here, we investigated i) the interactive effects of metal contamination (i.e., realistic mixture of Cd, Cu and Zn) and immune challenge mimicking a parasite attack on fish health across biological levels. In addition, we compared ii) the physiological and behavioral responses among five populations of gudgeon fish (Gobio occitaniae) having evolved along a gradient of metal contamination. Results show that single stressors exposure resulted in an increase of immune defenses and oxidative stress at the expense of body mass (contamination) or fish swimming activity (immune challenge). Multiple stressors had fewer interactive effects than expected, especially on physiological traits, but mainly resulted in antagonistic effects on fish swimming activity. Indeed, the immune challenge modified or inhibited the effects of contamination on fish behavior in most populations, suggesting that multiple stressors could reduce behavioral plasticity. Interestingly, the effects of stressors were highly variable among populations, with lower deleterious effects of metal contamination in populations from highly contaminated environments, although the underlying evolutionary mechanisms remain to be investigated. This study highlights the importance of considering multiple stressors effects and intraspecific variability of sensitivity to refine our ability to predict the effects of environmental contaminants on aquatic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Petitjean
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France; EDB, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 EDB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier PYGAR « Pyrénées-Garonne », Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
| | - Lisa Jacquin
- EDB, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 EDB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier PYGAR « Pyrénées-Garonne », Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Louna Riem
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France; EDB, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174 EDB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Pitout
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Annie Perrault
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Myriam Cousseau
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier PYGAR « Pyrénées-Garonne », Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, UMR5245, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France; LTSER France, Zone Atelier PYGAR « Pyrénées-Garonne », Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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38
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Qian L, Qi S, Wang Z, Magnuson JT, Volz DC, Schlenk D, Jiang J, Wang C. Environmentally relevant concentrations of boscalid exposure affects the neurobehavioral response of zebrafish by disrupting visual and nervous systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124083. [PMID: 33011634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boscalid is a persistent fungicide that is frequently detected in surface waters and may be neurotoxic to aquatic organisms. Herein, we evaluated the effects of environmentally relevant boscalid concentrations to zebrafish to explore its potentially neurotoxic mechanisms of effect. Behavioral responses (swimming, phototaxis, and predation), histopathology, transcriptomics, biochemical parameter analysis and gene expression of larval and adult zebrafish following boscalid treatment were assessed. We found that boscalid significantly inhibited the locomotor ability and phototactic response of larvae after an 8-d exposure, and altered the locomotor activity, predation trajectories and ability in adults after a 21-d exposure. It was noted that predation rates of zebrafish were significantly decreased by 30% and 100% after exposure to 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L boscalid, respectively. Adverse alterations in the cell differentiation of eyes and brain injury were also observed in both larvae and adults following boscalid exposure. The expression of genes related to neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, eye development, and visual function, in conjunction with RNA-Seq results, indicated that boscalid may impair visual phototransduction and nervous system processes in larval zebrafish. Conclusively, boscalid exposure may affect the neurobehavioral response of zebrafish by impairing proper visual and nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jiazhen Jiang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Polverino G, Martin JM, Bertram MG, Soman VR, Tan H, Brand JA, Mason RT, Wong BBM. Psychoactive pollution suppresses individual differences in fish behaviour. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202294. [PMID: 33563120 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals is global, substantially altering crucial behaviours in animals and impacting on their reproduction and survival. A key question is whether the consequences of these pollutants extend beyond mean behavioural changes, restraining differences in behaviour between individuals. In a controlled, two-year, multigenerational experiment with independent mesocosm populations, we exposed guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to environmentally realistic levels of the ubiquitous pollutant fluoxetine (Prozac). Fish (unexposed: n = 59, low fluoxetine: n = 57, high fluoxetine: n = 58) were repeatedly assayed on four separate occasions for activity and risk-taking behaviour. Fluoxetine homogenized individuals' activity, with individual variation in populations exposed to even low concentrations falling to less than half that in unexposed populations. To understand the proximate mechanism underlying these changes, we tested the relative contribution of variation within and between individuals to the overall decline in individual variation. We found strong evidence that fluoxetine erodes variation in activity between but not within individuals, revealing the hidden consequences of a ubiquitous contaminant on phenotypic variation in fish-likely to impair adaptive potential to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Polverino
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M092), 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jake M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia.,Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Vrishin R Soman
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M092), 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, USA
| | - Hung Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jack A Brand
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Rachel T Mason
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
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40
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Jurajda P, Streck G, Roche K, Janáč M, Jurajdová Z. Impact of multiple stressors on the fish community pattern along a highly degraded Central European river – a case study. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jurajda
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: , , ,
| | - Georg Streck
- IUCOT – Environmental Research, Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany; e-mail:
| | - Kevin Roche
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: , , ,
| | - Michal Janáč
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: , , ,
| | - Zdenka Jurajdová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: , , ,
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41
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Martin CW, McDonald AM, Rieucau G, Roberts BJ. Previous oil exposure alters Gulf Killifish Fundulus grandis oil avoidance behavior. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10587. [PMID: 33384905 PMCID: PMC7751417 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil spills threaten the structure and function of ecological communities. The Deepwater Horizon spill was predicted to have catastrophic consequences for nearshore fishes, but field studies indicate resilience in populations and communities. Previous research indicates many marsh fishes exhibit avoidance of oil contaminated areas, representing one potential mechanism for this resilience. Here, we test whether prior oil exposure of Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis alters this avoidance response. Using choice tests between unoiled and oiled sediments at one of three randomized concentrations (low: 0.1 L oil m-2, medium: 0.5 L oil m-2, or high: 3.0 L oil m-2), we found that, even at low prior exposure levels, killifish lose recognition of oiled sediments compared to control, unexposed fish. Preference for unoiled sediments was absent across all oil concentrations after oil exposure, and some evidence for preference of oiled sediments at high exposure was demonstrated. These results highlight the lack of response to toxic environments in exposed individuals, indicating altered behavior despite organism survival. Future research should document additional sublethal consequences that affect ecosystem and food web functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Martin
- UF/IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Ashley M McDonald
- UF/IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Rieucau
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, United States of America
| | - Brian J Roberts
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, United States of America
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Bertagna Silva D, Buttiglieri G, Babić S. State-of-the-art and current challenges for TiO 2/UV-LED photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic micropollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:103-120. [PMID: 33052564 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LED) opens new possibilities for water treatment and photoreactor design. TiO2 photocatalysis, a technology that has been continuously drawing attention, can potentially benefit from LEDs to become a sustainable alternative for the abatement of organic micropollutants (OMPs). Recently reported data on photocatalytic degradation of OMPs and their parameters of influence are here critically evaluated. The literature on OMP degradation in real water matrices, and at environmentally relevant concentrations, is largely missing, as well as the investigations of the impact of photoreactor design in pollutant degradation kinetics. The key factors for reducing UV-LED treatment technology costs are pointed out, like the increase in external quantum and wall-plug efficiencies of UV-LEDs compared to other technologies, as well as the need for an appropriate design optimizing light homogeneity in the reactor. Controlled periodic illumination, wavelength coupling and H2O2 addition are presented as efficiency enhancement options. Although electrical energy per order (EEO) values for UV-LED photocatalysis have decreased to the range of traditional mercury lamps, values are still not low enough for practical employment. Moreover, due to the adoption of high initial OMP concentration in most experiments, it is likely that most literature EEO values are overestimated. Given the process characteristics, which are favoured by translucent matrices and small diameters for more homogenous light distribution and better transportation of radicals, innovative reactor designs should explore the potential of point-of-use applications to increase photocatalysis applicability at large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Bertagna Silva
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gianluigi Buttiglieri
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Babić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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43
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Geffroy B, Alfonso S, Sadoul B, Blumstein DT. A World for Reactive Phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2020.611919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans currently occupy all continents and by doing so, modify the environment and create novel threats to many species; a phenomenon known as human-induced rapid environmental changes (HIREC). These growing anthropogenic disturbances represent major and relatively new environmental challenges for many animals, and invariably alter selection on traits adapted to previous environments. Those species that survive often have moved from their original habitat or modified their phenotype through plasticity or genetic evolution. Based on the most recent advances in this research area, we predict that wild individuals with highly plastic capacities, relatively high basal stress level, and that are generally shy—in other words, individuals displaying a reactive phenotype—should better cope with sudden and widespread HIREC than their counterparts' proactive phenotypes. If true, this selective response would have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences and can therefore impact conservation strategies, specifically with respect to managing the distribution and abundance of individuals and maintaining evolutionary potential. These insights may help design adaptive management strategies to maintain genetic variation in the context of HIREC.
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Abstract
Indirect effects in ecotoxicology are defined as chemical- or pollutant-induced alterations in the density or behavior of sensitive species that have cascading effects on tolerant species in natural systems. As a result, species interaction networks (e.g., interactions associated with predation or competition) may be altered in such a way as to bring about large changes in populations and/or communities that may further cascade to disrupt ecosystem function and services. Field studies and experimental outcomes as well as models indicate that indirect effects are most likely to occur in communities in which the strength of interactions and the sensitivity to contaminants differ markedly among species, and that indirect effects will vary over space and time as species composition, trophic structure, and environmental factors vary. However, knowledge of indirect effects is essential to improve understanding of the potential for chemical harm in natural systems. For example, indirect effects may confound laboratory-based ecological risk assessment by enhancing, masking, or spuriously indicating the direct effect of chemical contaminants. Progress to better anticipate and interpret the significance of indirect effects will be made as monitoring programs and long-term ecological research are conducted that facilitate critical experimental field and mesocosm investigations, and as chemical transport and fate models, individual-based direct effects models, and ecosystem/food web models continue to be improved and become better integrated.
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