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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates: Insights from Sulforaphane. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1169. [PMID: 38927376 PMCID: PMC11200786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) belong to a group of natural products that possess a highly reactive electrophilic -N=C=S functional group. They are stored in plants as precursor molecules, glucosinolates, which are processed by the tyrosinase enzyme upon plant tissue damage to release ITCs, along with other products. Isolated from broccoli, sulforaphane is by far the most studied antioxidant ITC, acting primarily through the induction of a transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates downstream antioxidant genes/proteins. Paradoxically, sulforaphane, as a pro-oxidant compound, can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species, a mechanism which is attributed to its anticancer effect. Beyond highlighting the common pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane, the present paper was designed to assess the diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms reported to date using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cycloxyhenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The signalling pathways of nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1, sirtuins 1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and 3, and microRNAs are among those affected by sulforaphane. These anti-inflammatory actions are sometimes due to direct action via interaction with the sulfhydryl structural moiety of cysteine residues in enzymes/proteins. The following are among the topics discussed in this paper: paradoxical signalling pathways such as the immunosuppressant or immunostimulant mechanisms; crosstalk between the oxidative and inflammatory pathways; and effects dependent on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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2
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Tonev D, Momchilova A. Oxidative Stress and the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Certain Exogenous and Endogenous Nrf2 Activators and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17223. [PMID: 38139050 PMCID: PMC10743556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that, in genetically susceptible subjects, T lymphocytes undergo activation in the peripheral compartment, pass through the BBB, and cause damage in the CNS. They produce pro-inflammatory cytokines; induce cytotoxic activities in microglia and astrocytes with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and other highly reactive radicals; activate B cells and macrophages and stimulate the complement system. Inflammation and neurodegeneration are involved from the very beginning of the disease. They can both be affected by oxidative stress (OS) with different emphases depending on the time course of MS. Thus, OS initiates and supports inflammatory processes in the active phase, while in the chronic phase it supports neurodegenerative processes. A still unresolved issue in overcoming OS-induced lesions in MS is the insufficient endogenous activation of the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which under normal conditions plays an essential role in mitochondria protection, OS, neuroinflammation, and degeneration. Thus, the search for approaches aiming to elevate endogenous Nrf2 activation is capable of protecting the brain against oxidative damage. However, exogenous Nrf2 activators themselves are not without drawbacks, necessitating the search for new non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches to modulate OS. The purpose of the present review is to provide some relevant preclinical and clinical examples, focusing on certain exogenous and endogenous Nrf2 activators and the modulation of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). The increased plasma levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in response to TPE treatment of MS patients suggest their antioxidant potential for endogenous Nrf2 enhancement via NGF/TrkA/PI3K/Akt and NGF/p75NTR/ceramide-PKCζ/CK2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tonev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital “Tzaritza Yoanna—ISUL”, Medical University of Sofia, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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3
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van Steenwijk HP, Winter E, Knaven E, Brouwers JF, van Baardwijk M, van Dalum JB, Luijendijk TJC, van Osch FHM, Troost FJ, Bast A, Semen KO, de Boer A. The beneficial effect of sulforaphane on platelet responsiveness during caloric load: a single-intake, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy participants. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1204561. [PMID: 37485383 PMCID: PMC10359317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1204561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims As our understanding of platelet activation in response to infections and/or inflammatory conditions is growing, it is becoming clearer that safe, yet efficacious, platelet-targeted phytochemicals could improve public health beyond the field of cardiovascular diseases. The phytonutrient sulforaphane shows promise for clinical use due to its effect on inflammatory pathways, favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and high bioavailability. The potential of sulforaphane to improve platelet functionality in impaired metabolic processes has however hardly been studied in humans. This study investigated the effects of broccoli sprout consumption, as a source of sulforaphane, on urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable thromboxane metabolite used to monitor eicosanoid biosynthesis and response to antithrombotic therapy, in healthy participants exposed to caloric overload. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial 12 healthy participants were administered 16g of broccoli sprouts, or pea sprouts (placebo) followed by the standardized high-caloric drink PhenFlex given to challenge healthy homeostasis. Urine samples were collected during the study visits and analyzed for 11-dehydro-TXB2, sulforaphane and its metabolites. Genotyping was performed using Illumina GSA v3.0 DTCBooster. Results Administration of broccoli sprouts before the caloric load reduced urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels by 50% (p = 0.018). The amount of sulforaphane excreted in the urine during the study visits correlated negatively with 11-dehydro-TXB2 (rs = -0.377, p = 0.025). Participants carrying the polymorphic variant NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1*2) showed decreased excretion of sulforaphane (p = 0.035). Conclusion Sulforaphane was shown to be effective in targeting platelet responsiveness after a single intake. Our results indicate an inverse causal relationship between sulforaphane and 11-dehydro-TXB2, which is unaffected by the concomitant intake of the metabolic challenge. 11-Dehydro-TXB2 shows promise as a non-invasive, sensitive, and suitable biomarker to investigate the effects of phytonutrients on platelet aggregation within hours. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT05146804].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde P. van Steenwijk
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evi Winter
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Edward Knaven
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe van Baardwijk
- Omnigen B.V., Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits H. M. van Osch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Food Innovation and Health, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Khrystyna O. Semen
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235082. [PMID: 36501112 PMCID: PMC9737327 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and drug overdoses cause liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and liver cancer globally. In particular, an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP), which is generally used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent, is a major cause of acute hepatitis, and cases of APAP-induced liver damage are steadily increasing. Potential antioxidants may inhibit the generation of free radicals and prevent drug-induced liver damage. Among plant-derived natural materials, radishes (RJ) and turnips (RG) have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties due to the presence of functional ingredients, such as glucosinolate and isothiocyanate. Although various functions have been reported, in vivo studies on the antioxidant activity of radishes are insufficient. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of RG and RJ in APAP-induced liver-damaged mice. RG and RJ extracts markedly improved the histological status, such as inflammation and infiltration, of mice liver tissue, significantly decreased the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde, and significantly increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the APAP-induced liver-damaged mice. In addition, RG and RJ extracts significantly increased the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1, which are antioxidative-related factors, and regulated the BAX and BCL-2, thereby showing anti-apoptosis activity. These results indicated that RG and RJ extracts protected mice against acute liver injury, attributed to a reduction in both oxidative stress and apoptosis. These findings have clinical implications for the use of RG and RJ extracts as potential natural candidates for developing hepatoprotective agents.
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Beneficial Effects of Sulforaphane-Yielding Broccoli Sprout on Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-129402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Cruciferous vegetables are complementary dietary therapies for disease prevention and health promotion. Sulforaphane-yielding broccoli sprouts are gaining popularity in managing cardiometabolic diseases. Objectives: Given the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases worldwide, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to study the cardiometabolic implications of broccoli sprout supplementation within the literature. Methods: Eligible literature was retrieved through Pubmed and Scopus up to June 2022. Results: Ten clinical trials investigating broccoli sprout supplementation and cardiometabolic health among human subjects were extracted for meta-analysis. The earliest study was published in 2004, and the most recent was released in 2019. Seven studies included control groups for valid comparison. Overall, the dietary intake of broccoli sprouts significantly reduced systolic (-10.9 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -17.0, -4.86) and diastolic (-6.95 mmHg; 95% CI: -10.6, -3.28) blood pressures. Marginally significant changes were also detected in blood lipid biomarkers compared to the baseline. Conclusions: Our results confirm the hypotensive properties of broccoli sprout and highlight the potential sulforaphane-dependent effects of this vegetable.
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Wang H, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Liu W, Meng L, Jiang X, Xin Y. Essential role of Nrf2 in sulforaphane-induced protection against angiotensin II-induced aortic injury. Life Sci 2022; 306:120780. [PMID: 35839861 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the primary factors underlying angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced aortic damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important antioxidative stress factor. Sulforaphane (SFN), which is naturally found in cruciferous vegetables, is an Nrf2 agonist that is safe for oral administration. Here, we aimed to explore the potential of SFN in protecting against Ang II-induced aortic damage by upregulating Nrf2 expression via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β)/Fyn pathway. MAIN METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J and Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice were injected with Ang II to induce aortic inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac remodeling (increased fibrosis and wall thickness). SFN treatment prevented aortic damage via Nrf2 activation in the WT mice. However, the protective effect of SFN on Ang II-induced aortic damage and upregulation of genes downstream of Nrf2 were not observed in Nrf2-KO mice. SFN induced the upregulation of aortic Nrf2 and inhibited the accumulation of ERK, GSK-3β, and Fyn in the nuclei. SIGNIFICANCE These results revealed that Nrf2 plays a central role in protecting against Ang II-induced aortic injury. Furthermore, SFN prevented Ang II-induced aortic damage by activating Nrf2 through the ERK/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wenyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Dana AH, Alejandro SP. Role of sulforaphane in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis through regulation of the antioxidant response. Life Sci 2022; 299:120554. [PMID: 35452639 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the nutraceutical agent sulforaphane (SFN) shows great versatility in turning on different cellular responses. Mainly, this isothiocyanate acts as a master regulator of cellular homeostasis due to its antioxidant response and cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein modulation. Even more, SFN acts as an effective strategy to counteract oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ER stress, among others as seen in different injury models. Particularly, ER stress is buffered by the unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which is the first instance in orchestrating the recovery of ER function. Interestingly, different studies highlight a close interrelationship between ER stress and oxidative stress, two events driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This response inevitably perpetuates itself and acts as a vicious cycle that triggers the development of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and others. Accordingly, it is vital to target ER stress and oxidative stress to increase the effectiveness of clinical therapies used to treat these diseases. Therefore, our study is focused on the role of SFN in preserving cellular homeostasis balance by regulating the ER stress response through the Nrf2-modulated antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arana-Hidalgo Dana
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silva-Palacios Alejandro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Martins T, Oliveira PA, Pires MJ, Neuparth MJ, Lanzarin G, Félix L, Venâncio C, Pinto MDL, Ferreira J, Gaivão I, Barros AI, Rosa E, Antunes LM. Effect of a Sub-Chronic Oral Exposure of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. Var. Italica) By-Products Flour on the Physiological Parameters of FVB/N Mice: A Pilot Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11010120. [PMID: 35010245 PMCID: PMC8750293 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica by-products are a source of natural bioactive molecules such as glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, with potential applications in the nutraceutical and functional food industries. However, the effects of oral sub-chronic exposure to broccoli by-product flour (BF) have not yet been evaluated. The objective of this pilot study was to analyse the effects of BF intake in the physiological parameters of FVB/N mice fed a 6.7% BF-supplemented diet for 21 days. Glucosinolates and their derivatives were also quantified in plasma and urine. BF supplementation significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the accumulation of perirenal adipose tissue. Furthermore, mice supplemented with BF showed significantly lower (p < 0.01) microhematocrit values than control animals, but no impact on the general genotoxicological status nor relevant toxic effects on the liver and kidney were observed. Concerning hepatic and renal antioxidant response, BF supplementation induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels. In BF-supplemented mice, plasma analysis revealed the presence of the glucosinolates glucobrassicin and glucoerucin, and the isothiocyanates sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol. Overall, these results show that daily intake of a high dose of BF during three weeks is safe, and enables the bioavailability of beneficial glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. These results allow further testing of the benefits of this BF in animal models of disease, knowing that exposure of up to 6.7% BF does not present relevant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Martins
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paula Alexandra Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Pires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Neuparth
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Germano Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto (UP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lurdes Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - João Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Ganesan S, Parvathi VD. Deconstructing the molecular genetics behind the PINK1/Parkin axis in Parkinson’s disease using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in response to the compounding effects of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation. Transgenic Drosophila models have been used extensively to decipher the underlying genetic interactions that exacerbate neural health in PD. Autosomal recessive forms of the disease have been linked to mutations in the serine/threonine kinase PINK1(PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase 1) and E3 ligase Parkin, which function in an axis that is conserved in flies. This review aims to probe the current understanding of PD pathogenesis via the PINK1/Parkin axis while underscoring the importance of several molecular and pharmacologic rescues brought to light through studies in Drosophila.
Main body
Mutations in PINK1 and Parkin have been shown to affect the axonal transport of mitochondria within dopaminergic neurons and perturb the balance between mitochondrial fusion/fission resulting in abnormal mitochondrial morphology. As per studies in flies, ectopic expression of Fwd kinase and Atg-1 to promote fission and mitophagy while suppressing fusion via MUL1 E3 ligase may aid to halt mitochondrial aggregation and prolong the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, upregulation of Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone systems (Trap1, CHIP) to target misfolded mitochondrial respiratory complexes may help to preserve their bioenergetic capacity. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species as a consequence of respiratory complex dysfunction or antioxidant enzyme deficiency further escalates neural death by inducing apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Fly studies have reported the induction of canonical Wnt signalling to enhance the activity of transcriptional co-activators (PGC1α, FOXO) which induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Enhancing the clearance of free radicals via uncoupling proteins (UCP4) has also been reported to ameliorate oxidative stress-induced cell death in PINK1/Parkin mutants.
Conclusion
While these novel mechanisms require validation through mammalian studies, they offer several explanations for the factors propagating dopaminergic death as well as promising insights into the therapeutic importance of transgenic fly models in PD.
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Esfandyari S, Aleyasin A, Noroozi Z, Taheri M, Khodarahmian M, Eslami M, Rashidi Z, Amidi F. The Protective Effect of Sulforaphane against Oxidative Stress through Activation of NRF2/ARE Pathway in Human Granulosa Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:692-700. [PMID: 34939763 PMCID: PMC8665974 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural free radical scavenger that can reduce oxidative stress (OS) through
mediating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NF-E2-related factor 2 or NRF2)/antioxidant response element
(ARE) signaling pathway and the downstream antioxidant enzymes. Here, we intended to study the role of SFN in OS-
induced human granulosa cells (GCs) by investigating the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell
death, and NRF2-ARE pathway.
Materials and Methods This experimental study was conducted on GCs of 12 healthy women who had normal menstrual
cycles with no history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, menstrual disorders, hyperprolactinemia,
or hormonal therapy. After isolation of GCs, the MTT assay was performed to explore GCs viability after treatment with
SFN in the presence or absence of H2O2. Flow cytometry was utilized to determine the intracellular ROS production
and the apoptosis rate. Evaluation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of NRF2 and phase II enzymes including
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) and western blotting. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software using One-way ANOVA and the suitable
post-hoc test. Significance level was considered as P<0.05.
Results Pretreatment of GCs with SFN attenuated intracellular ROS production and apoptosis rate in the H2O2-exposed
cells. Moreover, SFN treatment increased the mRNA expression level of NRF2, SOD, and CAT. Higher expression of
NRF2 and SOD was also observed at the protein level.
Conclusion Our study demonstrated that SFN protects human GCs against H2O2induced-OS by reducing
the intracellular ROS production and the following apoptosis through a mechanism by which NRF2 increases the
antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT. This result may have a potential application in assisted reproduction cycles
by improving the quality of GCs and the embedded oocyte, especially in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Aleyasin
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Noroozi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taheri
- Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Khodarahmian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of ART, Embryology Laboratory, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Eslami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rashidi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran..,Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bahrami A, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Sahebkar A. Effects of Curcumin on Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8972074. [PMID: 34692844 PMCID: PMC8528582 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8972074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive inability to maintain homeostasis, self-repair, renewal, performance, and fitness of different tissues throughout the lifespan. Senescence is occurring following enormous intracellular or extracellular stress stimuli. Cellular senescence serves as an antiproliferative process that causes permanent cell cycle arrest and restricts the lifespan. Senescent cells are characterized by terminal cell cycle arrest, enlarged lysosome, and DNA double-strand breaks as well as lipofuscin granularity, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, and activation of DNA damage response. Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol, is a bioactive chemical constituent of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn (turmeric), which has been extensively used for the alleviation of various human disorders. In addition to its pleiotropic effects, curcumin has been suggested to have antiaging features. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic potential of curcumin in the prevention and delaying of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Le TH. GSTM1 Gene, Diet, and Kidney Disease: Implication for Precision Medicine?: Recent Advances in Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 78:936-945. [PMID: 34455814 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in adults is ≈14%. The mainstay of therapy for chronic kidney disease is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, but many patients with chronic kidney disease still progress to end-stage kidney disease. Increased oxidative stress is a major molecular underpinning of chronic kidney disease progression. In humans, a common deletion variant of the glutathione-S-transferase μ-1 (GSTM1) gene, the GSTM1 null allele (GSTM1(0)), results in decreased GSTM1 enzymatic activity and is associated with higher levels of oxidative stress. GSTM1 belongs to the superfamily of GSTs that are phase II antioxidant enzymes and are regulated by Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Cruciferous vegetables in general, and broccoli in particular, are rich in glucoraphanin, a precursor of sulforaphane that has been shown to have protective effects against oxidative damage through the activation of Nrf2. This review will highlight recent human and animal studies implicating the role of GSTM1 deficiency in hypertension and kidney disease, and its impact on the effects of cruciferous vegetables on kidney injury and disease progression, illustrating the significance of gene and environment interaction and a potential for targeted precision medicine in the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
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13
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Zúñiga-Muñoz A, García-Niño WR, Carbó R, Navarrete-López LÁ, Buelna-Chontal M. The regulation of protein acetylation influences the redox homeostasis to protect the heart. Life Sci 2021; 277:119599. [PMID: 33989666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular damage caused by redox imbalance is involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Besides, redox imbalance is related to the alteration of protein acetylation processes, causing not only chromatin remodeling but also disturbances in so many processes where protein acetylation is involved, such as metabolism and signal transduction. The modulation of acetylases and deacetylases enzymes aids in maintaining the redox homeostasis, avoiding the deleterious cellular effects associated with the dysregulation of protein acetylation. Of note, regulation of protein acetylation has shown protective effects to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases. For instance, HDAC inhibition has been related to inducing cardiac protective effects and it is an interesting approach to the management of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, the upregulation of SIRT protein activity has also been implicated in the relief of cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the major protein acetylation modulators described, involving pharmacological and bioactive compounds targeting deacetylase and acetylase enzymes contributing to heart protection through redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wylly-Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis-Ángel Navarrete-López
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Seed Meals from Brassica nigra and Eruca sativa Control Artificial Nosema ceranae Infections in Apis mellifera. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050949. [PMID: 33924845 PMCID: PMC8146933 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema ceranae is a widespread parasite responsible for nosemosis Type C in Apis mellifera honey bees, reducing colony survival. The antibiotic fumagillin is the only commercial treatment available, but concerns are emerging about its persistence, safety, and pathogen resistance. The use of natural substances from Brassicaceae defatted seed meals (DSMs) with known antimicrobial and antioxidant properties was explored. Artificially infected bees were fed for 8 days with candies enriched with two concentrations, 2% and 4%, of two DSMs from Brassica nigra and Eruca sativa, containing a known amount of different glucosinolates (GSLs). The food palatability, GSL intake, bee survival, and treatment effects on N. ceranae spore counts were evaluated. Food consumption was higher for the two 2% DSM patties, for both B. nigra and E. sativa, but the GSL intake did not increase by increasing DSM to 4%, due to the resulting lower palatability. The 2% B. nigra patty decreased the bee mortality, while the higher concentration had a toxic effect. The N. ceranae control was significant for all formulates with respect to the untreated control (312,192.6 +/- 14,443.4 s.e.), and was higher for 4% B. nigra (120,366.3 +/- 13,307.1 s.e.). GSL hydrolysis products, the isothiocyanates, were detected and quantified in bee gut tissues. Brassicaceae DSMs showed promising results for their nutraceutical and protective effects on bees artificially infected with N. ceranae spores at the laboratory level. Trials in the field should confirm these results.
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Saleh HA, Yousef MH, Abdelnaser A. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Phytochemicals and Their Effects on Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606069. [PMID: 33868227 PMCID: PMC8044831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune response induces positive inflammatory transducers and regulators in order to attack pathogens, while simultaneously negative signaling regulators are transcribed to maintain innate immune homeostasis and to avoid persistent inflammatory immune responses. The gene expression of many of these regulators is controlled by different epigenetic modifications. The remarkable impact of epigenetic changes in inducing or suppressing inflammatory signaling is being increasingly recognized. Several studies have highlighted the interplay of histone modification, DNA methylation, and post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated modifications in inflammatory diseases, and inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. Targeting these epigenetic alterations affords the opportunity of attenuating different inflammatory dysregulations. In this regard, many studies have identified the significant anti-inflammatory properties of distinct naturally-derived phytochemicals, and revealed their regulatory capacity. In the current review, we demonstrate the signaling cascade during the immune response and the epigenetic modifications that take place during inflammation. Moreover, we also provide an updated overview of phytochemicals that target these mechanisms in macrophages and other experimental models, and go on to illustrate the effects of these phytochemicals in regulating epigenetic mechanisms and attenuating aberrant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy A. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Yousef
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Public Health, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) triggers homeostatic responses against a plethora of environmental or endogenous deviations in redox metabolism, inflammation, proteostasis, etc. Therefore, pharmacological activation of NRF2 is a promising therapeutic strategy for several chronic diseases that are underlined by low-grade oxidative inflammation and dysregulation of redox metabolism, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. While NRF2 activation is useful in inhibiting carcinogenesis, its inhibition is needed in constituted tumors where NRF2 provides a survival advantage in the challenging tumor niche. This review describes the electrophilic and non-electrophilic NRF2 activators with clinical projection in various chronic diseases. We also analyze the status of NRF2 inhibitors, which are for the moment in a proof-of-concept stage. Advanced in silico screening and medicinal chemistry are expected to provide new or repurposing small molecules with increased potential for fostering the development of targeted NRF2 modulators. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) is rapidly degraded by proteasomes under a basal condition in a Keap1-dependent manner. ROS oxidatively modifies Keap1 to release NRF2 and allow its nuclear translocation. Here it binds to the antioxidant response element to regulate gene transcription. An alternative mechanism controlling NRF2 stability is glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)-induced phosphorylation. Indicated in blue are NRF2-activating and NRF2-inhibiting drugs.
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Ruhee RT, Suzuki K. The Integrative Role of Sulforaphane in Preventing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Fatigue: A Review of a Potential Protective Phytochemical. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060521. [PMID: 32545803 PMCID: PMC7346151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables hold a myriad of bioactive molecules that are renowned for possessing unique medicinal benefits. Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of the potential nutraceuticals contained within cruciferous vegetables that is useful for improving health and diseased conditions. The objective of this review is to discuss the mechanistic role for SFN in preventing oxidative stress, fatigue, and inflammation. Direct and indirect research evidence is reported to identify the nontoxic dose of SFN for human trials, and effectiveness of SFN to attenuate inflammation and/or oxidative stress. SFN treatment modulates redox balance via activating redox regulator nuclear factor E2 factor-related factor (Nrf2). SFN may play a crucial role in altering the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway (an intricate response to many stimuli or stress), which induces Nrf2 target gene activation to reduce oxidative stress. In addition, SFN reduces inflammation by suppressing centrally involved inflammatory regulator nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which in turn downregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators. Exercise may induce a significant range of fatigue, inflammation, oxidative stress, and/or organ damage due to producing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. SFN may play an effective role in preventing such damage via inducing phase 2 enzymes, activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway or suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In this review, we summarize the integrative role of SFN in preventing fatigue, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and briefly introduce the history of cruciferous vegetables and the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of SFN reported in previous research. To date, very limited research has been conducted on SFN’s effectiveness in improving exercise endurance or performance. Therefore, more research needs to be carried out to determine the effectiveness of SFN in the field of exercise and lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruheea Taskin Ruhee
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-2947-6898
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Ali M, Bonay M, Vanhee V, Vinit S, Deramaudt TB. Comparative effectiveness of 4 natural and chemical activators of Nrf2 on inflammation, oxidative stress, macrophage polarization, and bactericidal activity in an in vitro macrophage infection model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234484. [PMID: 32511271 PMCID: PMC7279588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the defense response of the innate immune system against pathogen infection. In this study, we selected 4 compounds for their potential or proven anti-inflammatory and/or anti-microbial properties to test on our in vitro model of bacteria-infected THP-1-derived macrophages. We first compared the capacity of sulforaphane (SFN), wogonin (WG), oltipraz (OTZ), and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) to induce the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory response pathways. Next, we performed a comparative evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacies of the 4 selected compounds. THP-1-derived macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages were treated with each compound and expression levels of genes coding for inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified by RT-qPCR. Moreover, expression levels of genes coding for M1 (IL-23, CCR7, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and M2 (PPARγ, MRC1, CCL22, and IL-10) markers were determined in classically-activated M1 macrophages treated with each compound. Finally, the effects of each compound on the intracellular bacterial survival of gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus in THP-1-derived macrophages and PBMC-derived macrophages were examined. Our data confirmed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of SFN, WG, and DMF on LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. In addition, SFN or WG treatment of classically-activated THP-1-derived macrophages reduced expression levels of M1 marker genes, while SFN or DMF treatment upregulated the M2 marker gene MRC1. This decrease in expression of M1 marker genes may be correlated with the decrease in intracellular S. aureus load in SFN- or DMF-treated macrophages. Interestingly, an increase in intracellular survival of E. coli in SFN-treated THP-1-derived macrophages that was not observed in PBMC-derived macrophages. Conversely, OTZ exhibited pro-oxidant and proinflammatory properties, and affected intracellular survival of E. coli in THP-1-derived macrophages. Altogether, we provide new potential therapeutic alternatives in treating inflammation and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ali
- UVSQ, INSERM END-ICAP, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Marcel Bonay
- UVSQ, INSERM END-ICAP, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Boulogne, France
| | - Valentin Vanhee
- UVSQ, INSERM END-ICAP, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Stéphane Vinit
- UVSQ, INSERM END-ICAP, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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Li Q, Liang X, Xue X, Wang K, Wu L. Lipidomics Provides Novel Insights into Understanding the Bee Pollen Lipids Transepithelial Transport and Metabolism in Human Intestinal Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:907-917. [PMID: 31842537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bee pollen (BP) shows profound gut-protecting potentials. BP lipids (BPLs) mainly composed by phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids might be one of the important contributors, while how BPL exerts gut-protecting effects and is transported through intestinal cell monolayers need to be investigated. Here, we exploited a strategy that combines an UPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap/MS-based lipidomics approach with a human intestinal cell (Caco-2) monolayer transport model, to determine the transepithelial transportation of BPL from Camellia sinensis L. (BPL-Cs), in pathological conditions. The results showed that BPL-Cs protected Caco-2 cells against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by improving cell viability, maintaining membrane integrity, increasing tight junctions (ZO-1 and Claudin-1), and eliciting the expressions of antioxidative-related genes (NQO1, Nrf2, Txnrd1, and GSTA1). Lipidomics analysis revealed that DSS suppressed the transport and uptake of most of BPL-Cs including glycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, and glycosylsphingolipids. Pretreatment with BPL-Cs significantly regulated glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolisms, potentially involved in building permeability barriers and alleviating intestinal oxidative stress. Finally, eight classes of lipids were identified as the potential biomarkers for evaluating DSS-induced Caco-2 cell dysfunctions and BPL-intervened modulation. These findings shed light on the development of BPL as gastrointestinal protective food supplements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Xinwen Liang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
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Gigliotti JC, Tin A, Pourafshar S, Cechova S, Wang YT, Sung SSJ, Bodonyi-Kovacs G, Cross JV, Yang G, Nguyen N, Chan F, Rebholz C, Yu B, Grove ML, Grams ME, Köttgen A, Scharpf R, Ruiz P, Boerwinkle E, Coresh J, Le TH. GSTM1 Deletion Exaggerates Kidney Injury in Experimental Mouse Models and Confers the Protective Effect of Cruciferous Vegetables in Mice and Humans. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:102-116. [PMID: 31727850 PMCID: PMC6935006 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSTM1 encodes glutathione S-transferase μ-1 (GSTM1), which belongs to a superfamily of phase 2 antioxidant enzymes. The highly prevalent GSTM1 deletion variant is associated with kidney disease progression in human cohorts: the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. METHODS We generated a Gstm1 knockout mouse line to study its role in a CKD model (involving subtotal nephrectomy) and a hypertension model (induced by angiotensin II). We examined the effect of intake of cruciferous vegetables and GSTM1 genotypes on kidney disease in mice as well as in human ARIC study participants. We also examined the importance of superoxide in the mediating pathways and of hematopoietic GSTM1 on renal inflammation. RESULTS Gstm1 knockout mice displayed increased oxidative stress, kidney injury, and inflammation in both models. The central mechanism for kidney injury is likely mediated by oxidative stress, because treatment with Tempol, an superoxide dismutase mimetic, rescued kidney injury in knockout mice without lowering BP. Bone marrow crosstransplantation revealed that Gstm1 deletion in the parenchyma, and not in bone marrow-derived cells, drives renal inflammation. Furthermore, supplementation with cruciferous broccoli powder rich in the precursor to antioxidant-activating sulforaphane significantly ameliorated kidney injury in Gstm1 knockout, but not wild-type mice. Similarly, among humans (ARIC study participants), high consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with fewer kidney failure events compared with low consumption, but this association was observed primarily in participants homozygous for the GSTM1 deletion variant. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a role for the GSTM1 enzyme in the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and protective metabolites in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology and
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Yves T Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | - Janet V Cross
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Guang Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Heinrich-Heine University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan
| | - Fang Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Casey Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology and
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health and
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Morgan E Grams
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology and
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Robert Scharpf
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Heath, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phillip Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology and
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Heath, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wafi AM, Yu L, Gao L, Zucker IH. Exercise training upregulates Nrf2 protein in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of mice with heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1349-1359. [PMID: 31556830 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00469.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with global oxidative stress, which contributes to sympathoexcitation. Increased reactive oxygen species in the brain accumulate within neurons and lead to enhanced neuronal excitability. Exercise training (ExT) is associated with a reduction of oxidative stress by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. The link between ExT and antioxidant enzyme expression in the brain of animals with CHF is not clear. We hypothesized that ExT enhances transcription and translation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene, a master transcription factor that modulates antioxidant enzyme gene expression, in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of mice with CHF. Mice were divided into the following groups: Sham sedentary (Sham-Sed), Sham-ExT, CHF-Sed, and CHF-ExT. After 8 wk of ExT, we measured Nrf2 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO-1) message and protein expression along with maximal exercise tolerance and urinary norepinephrine (NE) excretion. We found that Nrf2 and NQO-1 mRNA and protein expression in the RVLM were lower in CHF-Sed mice compared with Sham-Sed. ExT attenuated the CHF-induced reduction of Nrf2 and NQO-1 mRNA and protein expression in the RVLM. NE excretion was higher in CHF-Sed mice compared with Sham-Sed (666.8 ± 79.3 ng/24 h, n = 6 vs. 397.8 ± 43.7 ng/24 h, P = 0.04). CHF-ExT mice exhibited reduced urinary NE excretion compared with CHF-Sed (360.7 ± 41.7 ng, n = 4 vs. 666.8 ± 79.3 ng, n = 6; P = 0.03). We conclude that ExT-induced upregulation of Nrf2 in the RVLM contributes to the beneficial effects of ExT on sympathetic function in the heart failure state.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provide evidence for an important role for exercise training in the modulation of antioxidant enzyme production in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in the heart failure state. We show here a correlation between exercise training and the expression of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 in the RVLM. Exercise training reduced sympathetic function (norepinephrine excretion) and upregulated both Nrf2 and the antioxidant enzyme NQO-1. We conclude that Nrf2 in the RVLM may be an important target for controlling sympathetic outflow in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Wafi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Mozaheb N, Arefian E, Amoozegar MA. Designing a whole cell bioreporter to show antioxidant activities of agents that work by promotion of the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3248. [PMID: 30824775 PMCID: PMC6397309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The major signaling pathway in human cells is related to the antioxidant defense system. The main component of this system is a transcription factor, Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2). It regulates this system in different cellular situations under stimulation by oxidative stress or antioxidants. Thus, detecting the stimulation of NRF2 via a screening strategy may enable us to discover stimulating agents of NRF2-related signaling pathway. With this in mind, we designed a whole cell bioreporter containing the NRF2 response elements that are inserted in a luciferase vector, immediately upstream of a luciferase gene whose promoter has been removed. This bioreporter is activated by stimulators such as 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid reacting as antioxidant agents. It was observed that the regulatory region of the NRF2 gene, which is identified by NRF2 protein, is located inside its coding region. This designed bioreporter can detect the presence of antioxidant agents. It also exhibits a significant linear correlation over different doses of these agents ranging from 0.8 to 80 μM for ascorbic acid, 0.1 to 100 μM for D3T, and 0.1 to 100 μM for BHA. This detection system is proven to be more sensitive than Real-time PCR, suggesting it to be a highly sensitive system among the available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Mozaheb
- Extremophiles Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran.
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Wang L, Liu J, Liu J, Chen X, Chang M, Li J, Zhou J, Bai C, Song Y. GLRX inhibition enhances the effects of geftinib in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells through FoxM1 signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:861-872. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sulforaphane from Cruciferous Vegetables: Recent Advances to Improve Glioblastoma Treatment. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111755. [PMID: 30441761 PMCID: PMC6267435 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli and broccoli sprouts, has been widely investigated due to its promising health-promoting properties in disease, and low toxicity in normal tissue. Although not yet fully understood, many mechanisms of anticancer activity at each step of cancer development have been attributed to this ITC. Given the promising data available regarding SFN, this review aimed to provide an overview on the potential activities of SFN related to the cellular mechanisms involved in glioblastoma (GBM) progression. GBM is the most frequent malignant brain tumor among adults and is currently an incurable disease due mostly to its highly invasive phenotype, and the poor efficacy of the available therapies. Despite all efforts, the median overall survival of GBM patients remains approximately 1.5 years under therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide support for translating the progress in understanding the molecular background of GBM into more complex, but promising therapeutic strategies, in which SFN may find a leading role.
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Briones-Herrera A, Eugenio-Pérez D, Reyes-Ocampo JG, Rivera-Mancía S, Pedraza-Chaverri J. New highlights on the health-improving effects of sulforaphane. Food Funct 2018; 9:2589-2606. [PMID: 29701207 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00018b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review recent evidence about the beneficial effects of sulforaphane (SFN), which is the most studied member of isothiocyanates, on both in vivo and in vitro models of different diseases, mainly diabetes and cancer. The role of SFN on oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism is discussed, with emphasis on those nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-mediated mechanisms. In the case of the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN, the point of convergence seems to be the downregulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), with the consequent amelioration of other pathogenic processes such as hypertrophy and fibrosis. We emphasized that SFN shows opposite effects in normal and cancer cells at many levels; for instance, while in normal cells it has protective actions, in cancer cells it blocks the induction of factors related to the malignity of tumors, diminishes their development, and induces cell death. SFN is able to promote apoptosis in cancer cells by many mechanisms, the production of reactive oxygen species being one of the most relevant ones. Given its properties, SFN could be considered as a phytochemical at the forefront of natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Jin CY, Molagoda IMN, Karunarathne WAHM, Kang SH, Park C, Kim GY, Choi YH. TRAIL attenuates sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 and sustains ROS generation, leading to apoptosis of TRAIL-resistant human bladder cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 352:132-141. [PMID: 29792947 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) can preferentially initiate apoptosis in malignant cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. Unfortunately, many human cancer cells are refractory to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through many unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that TRAIL resistance can be reversed in human bladder cancer cell lines by treatment with sulforaphane (SFN), a well-known chemopreventive isothiocyanate in various cruciferous vegetables. Combined treatment with SFN and TRAIL (SFN/TRAIL) significantly induced apoptosis concomitant with activation of caspases, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Bid truncation, and induction of death receptor 5. Transient knockdown of Bid prevented collapse of MMP induced by SFN/TRAIL, consequently reducing apoptotic effects. Furthermore, SFN increased both the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is an anti-oxidant enzyme. Interestingly, TRAIL effectively suppressed SFN-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and the period of ROS generation was more extended compared to that of treatment with SFN alone. In addition, silencing of Nrf2 increased apoptosis in cells treated with SFN/TRAIL; however, blockade of ROS generation inhibited apoptotic activity. These data suggest that SFN-induced ROS generation promotes TRAIL sensitivity and SFN can be used for the management of TRAIL-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | | | | | - Sang-Hyuck Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 67340, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Chen CT, Hsieh MJ, Hsieh YH, Hsin MC, Chuang YT, Yang SF, Yang JS, Lin CW. Sulforaphane suppresses oral cancer cell migration by regulating cathepsin S expression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17564-17575. [PMID: 29707130 PMCID: PMC5915138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane has been demonstrated to exert numerous biological effects, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, the detailed effects of sulforaphane on human oral cancer cell migration and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we observed that sulforaphane attenuated SCC-9 and SCC-14 cell motility and invasiveness by reducing cathepsin S expression. Moreover, sulforaphane increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) conversion, and the knockdown of LC3 by siRNA increased cell migration ability. Regarding the mechanism, sulforaphane inhibited the cell motility of oral cancer cells through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, which in turn reversed cell motility. In conclusion, sulforaphane suppress cathepsin S expression by inducing autophage through ERK signaling pathway. Thus, cathepsin S and LC3 may be new targets for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Tai Chen
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chieh Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chuang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sulforaphane prevents maleic acid-induced nephropathy by modulating renal hemodynamics, mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:185-197. [PMID: 29548851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maleic acid (MA)-induced nephropathy that is characterized by proteinuria, glycosuria, phosphaturia and a deficient urinary acidification and concentration. Sulforaphane (SF) is an indirect antioxidant that shows nephroprotective effects. The aim of the present work was to test the pre-treatment with SF against the MA-induced nephropathy. Wistar rats (230-260 g) were separated in the following groups: control, MA (which received 400 mg/kg of MA), SF + MA (which received MA and 1 mg/kg of SF each day for four days) and SF (which only received SF). MA induced proteinuria, an increase in urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, and a decrease in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, renal blood flow, and oxygenation and perfusion of renal cortex. All these impairments correlated with higher levels of oxidative damage markers and exacerbated superoxide anion production on renal cortex. Moreover, MA impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics associated to complex I, mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory control index and increased the mitochondrial production of hydrogen peroxide. Further it disrupted mitochondrial morphology. SF prevented all the above-described alterations. In conclusion, the protective effect of SF against MA-induced nephropathy is associated with preservation of mitochondrial bioenergetics, amelioration of oxidative stress and improvement of renal hemodynamics and renal cortex oxygenation.
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Glade MJ, Meguid MM. A glance at…antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of dietary cobalt. Nutrition 2017; 46:62-66. [PMID: 29290358 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael M Meguid
- Professor Emeritus, Surgery, Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Kim Y, Wu AG, Jaja-Chimedza A, Graf BL, Waterman C, Verzi MP, Raskin I. Isothiocyanate-enriched moringa seed extract alleviates ulcerative colitis symptoms in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184709. [PMID: 28922365 PMCID: PMC5602518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed extract (MSE) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated the effects of MSE enriched in moringa isothiocyanate-1 (MIC-1), its putative bioactive, on ulcerative colitis (UC) and its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant mechanism likely mediated through Nrf2-signaling pathway. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute (n = 8/group; 3% DSS for 5 d) and chronic (n = 6/group; cyclic rotations of 2.5% DSS/water for 30 d) UC was induced in mice that were assigned to 4 experimental groups: healthy control (water/vehicle), disease control (DSS/vehicle), MSE treatment (DSS/MSE), or 5-aminosalicyic acid (5-ASA) treatment (positive control; DSS/5-ASA). Following UC induction, water (vehicle), 150 mg/kg MSE, or 50 mg/kg 5-ASA were orally administered for 1 or 2 wks. Disease activity index (DAI), spleen/colon sizes, and colonic histopathology were measured. From colon and/or fecal samples, pro-inflammatory biomarkers, tight-junction proteins, and Nrf2-mediated enzymes were analyzed at protein and/or gene expression levels. Compared to disease control, MSE decreased DAI scores, and showed an increase in colon lengths and decrease in colon weight/length ratios in both UC models. MSE also reduced colonic inflammation/damage and histopathological scores (modestly) in acute UC. MSE decreased colonic secretions of pro-inflammatory keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in acute and chronic UC; reduced fecal lipocalin-2 in acute UC; downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in acute UC; upregulated expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in acute and chronic UC; and upregulated GSTP1, an Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying enzyme, in chronic UC. MSE was effective in mitigating UC symptoms and reducing UC-induced colonic pathologies, likely by suppressing pro-inflammatory biomarkers and increasing tight-junction proteins. This effect is consistent with Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory/antioxidant signaling pathway documented for other isothiocyanates similar to MIC-1. Therefore, MSE, enriched with MIC-1, may be useful in prevention and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Kim
- Nutrasorb, LLC., Freehold, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alex G. Wu
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway Township, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Asha Jaja-Chimedza
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Brittany L. Graf
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Carrie Waterman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway Township, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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Finley JW, Dimick D, Marshall E, Nelson GC, Mein JR, Gustafson DI. Nutritional Sustainability: Aligning Priorities in Nutrition and Public Health with Agricultural Production. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:780-788. [PMID: 28916578 PMCID: PMC5593112 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition science-based dietary advice urges changes that may have a great impact on agricultural systems. For example, the 2016 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends greatly increased fruit and vegetable consumption, but the present domestic production is insufficient to accommodate large-scale adoption of these guidelines. Increasing production to the extent needed to meet the DGA will necessitate changes in an already stressed agriculture and food system and will require nutrition and agriculture professionals to come together in open and collegial discourse. All involved need to understand the stress placed on the food system by increasing populations, changing diets, and changing environments, and recognize the major diet-based public health challenges. Furthermore, there is a need to understand the intricate interplay of the myriad parts of the food system and the vast amount of work necessary to make even small changes. New systems approaches are needed, especially at the research level, where nutrition, public health, agriculture, and the food industry work together to solve interconnected problems. Future well-being depends on a sustainable food system that continues to deliver optimal health with minimal impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerald Charles Nelson
- Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Jonathan R Mein
- Vegetable Seeds Division, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO; and
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Giacoppo S, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Moringa isothiocyanate complexed with α-cyclodextrin: a new perspective in neuroblastoma treatment. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:362. [PMID: 28705212 PMCID: PMC5513314 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest the consume of natural products for cancer prevention or treatment. In particular, isothiocyanates (ITCs) exerting anti-cancer properties, have received great interest as potential chemotherapeutic agents. This study was designed to assess the anti-proliferative activities of a new preparation of Moringa oleifera-derived 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl ITC (moringin) complexed with alpha-cyclodextrin (moringin + α-CD; MAC) on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. This new formulation arises in the attempt to overcome the poor solubility and stability of moringin alone in aqueous media. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were cultured and exposed to increasing concentrations of MAC (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μg). Cell proliferation was examined by MTT and cell count assays. The cytotoxic activity of the MAC complex was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and trypan blue exclusion test. In addition, western blotting analyses for the main apoptosis-related proteins were performed. RESULTS Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the MAC complex reduced cell growth in concentration dependent manner. Specifically, MAC exhibited a potent action in inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, whose aberrant activation was found in many types of cancer. MAC was also found to induce the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 activation by phosphorylation and its translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, treatment with MAC was able to down-regulate MAPK pathway (results focused on JNK and p38 expression). Finally, MAC was found to trigger apoptotic death pathway (based on expression levels of cleaved-caspase 3, Bax/Bcl-2 balance, p53 and p21). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that use of MAC complex may open novel perspectives to improve the poor prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans, France
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
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Sohel MMH, Konca Y, Akyuz B, Arslan K, Sariozkan S, Cinar MU. Concentration dependent antioxidative and apoptotic effects of sulforaphane on bovine granulosa cells in vitro. Theriogenology 2017; 97:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Esfandiari A, Saei A, McKenzie MJ, Matich AJ, Babalar M, Hunter DA. Preferentially enhancing anti-cancer isothiocyanates over glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts: How NaCl and salicylic acid affect their formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:343-353. [PMID: 28419960 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) sprouts contain glucosinolates (GLs) that when hydrolysed yield health promoting isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane (SF). SF content can be increased by salt (NaCl) stress, although high salt concentrations negatively impact plant growth. Salicylic acid (SA) treatments can attenuate the negative effects of salt on growth. To test whether sprout isothiocyanate content could be elevated without sprout growth being compromised, broccoli seed were germinated and grown for seven days in salt (0, 80 and 160 mM) alone and in combination with 100 μM SA. Increasing concentrations of salt lowered transcript accumulation of GL biosynthetic genes which was reflected in lowered content of Gluconapin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin glucosinolates. Other glucosinolates such as glucoraphanin did not alter significantly. Salt (160 mM) increased transcript abundance of the GL hydrolytic gene MYROSINASE (BoMYO) and its cofactor EPITHIOSPECIFIER MODIFIER1 (BoESM1) whose encoded product directs MYROSINASE to produce isothiocyanate rather than nitrile forms. SF content was increased 6-fold by the 160 mM salt treatment, but the salt treatment reduced percentage seed germination, slowed seed germination, and reduced sprout hypocotyl elongation. This growth inhibition was prevented if 100 μM SA was included with the salt treatment. These findings suggest that the increase in SF production by salt occurs in part because of increased transcript abundance of genes in the hydrolytic pathway, which occurs independently of the negative impact of salt on sprout growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Esfandiari
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Saei
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Reseach Limited, PO Box 23, Kerikeri 0245, New Zealand
| | - Marian J McKenzie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Adam J Matich
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Mesbah Babalar
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Donald A Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Recent Advances of Curcumin in the Prevention and Treatment of Renal Fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2418671. [PMID: 28546962 PMCID: PMC5435901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2418671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from the turmeric, has received attention as a potential treatment for renal fibrosis primarily because it is a relatively safe and inexpensive compound that contributes to kidney health. Here, we review the literatures on the applications of curcumin in resolving renal fibrosis in animal models and summarize the mechanisms of curcumin and its analogs (C66 and (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(2-bromophenyl) penta-1,4-dien-3-one(B06)) in preventing inflammatory molecules release and reducing the deposition of extracellular matrix at the priming and activation stage of renal fibrosis in animal models by consulting PubMed and Cnki databases over the past 15 years. Curcumin exerts antifibrotic effect through reducing inflammation related factors (MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and cav-1) and inducing the expression of anti-inflammation factors (HO-1, M6PRBP1, and NEDD4) as well as targeting TGF-β/Smads, MAPK/ERK, and PPAR-γ pathways in animal models. As a food derived compound, curcumin is becoming a promising drug candidate for improving renal health.
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Petersen RC. Free-radicals and advanced chemistries involved in cell membrane organization influence oxygen diffusion and pathology treatment. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2017; 4:240-283. [PMID: 29202036 PMCID: PMC5707132 DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2017.2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A breakthrough has been discovered in pathology chemistry related to increasing molecular structure that can interfere with oxygen diffusion through cell membranes. Free radicals can crosslink unsaturated low-viscosity fatty acid oils by chain-growth polymerization into more viscous liquids and even solids. Free radicals are released by mitochondria in response to intermittent hypoxia that can increase membrane molecular organization to reduce fluidity and oxygen diffusion in a possible continuing vicious cycle toward pathological disease. Alternate computational chemistry demonstrates molecular bond dynamics in free energy for cell membrane physiologic movements. Paired electrons in oxygen and nitrogen atoms require that oxygen bonds rotate and nitrogen bonds invert to seek polar nano-environments and hide from nonpolar nano-environments thus creating fluctuating instability at a nonpolar membrane and polar biologic fluid interface. Subsequent mechanomolecular movements provide free energy to increase diffusion by membrane transport of molecules and oxygen into the cell, cell-membrane signaling/recognition/defense in addition to protein movements for enzyme mixing. In other chemistry calcium bonds to membrane phosphates primarily on the outer plasma cell membrane surface to influence the membrane firing threshold for excitability and better seal out water permeation. Because calcium is an excellent metal conductor and membrane phosphate headgroups form a semiconductor at the biologic fluid interface, excess electrons released by mitochondria may have more broad dissipation potential by safe conduction through calcium atomic-sized circuits on the outer membrane surface. Regarding medical conditions, free radicals are known to produce pathology especially in age-related disease in addition to aging. Because cancer cell membranes develop extreme polymorphism that has been extensively followed in research, accentuated easily-visualized free-radical models are developed. In terms of treatment, use of vitamin nutrient supplements purported to be antioxidants that remove free radicals has not proved worthwhile in clinical trials presumably due to errors with early antioxidant measurements based on inaccurate colorimetry tests. However, newer covalent-bond shrinkage tests now provide accurate measurements for free-radical inhibitor hydroquinone and other molecules toward drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Petersen
- Biomaterials, SDB 539, 1919 7th Avenue South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Biomedical Research Technologies, 3830 Avenida Del Presidente, M/S 36, San Clemente, CA, 92674, USA
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Torquato HFV, Goettert MI, Justo GZ, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Anti-Cancer Phytometabolites Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:156-174. [PMID: 28367074 PMCID: PMC5345336 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803162309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are a plentiful source of bioactive molecules with much structural diversity. In cancer treatment, molecules obtained from plants represent an attractive alternative to other treatments because several plant-derived compounds have exhibited lower toxicity and higher selectivity against cancer cells. In this review, we focus on the possible application of bioactive molecules obtained from plants against more primitive cell populations in cancers, cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are present in several kinds of tumors and are responsible for recurrences and metastases. Common anti-cancer drugs exhibit lower effectiveness against cancer stem cells because of their biological features. However, recently discovered natural phytometabolites exert cytotoxic effects on this rare population of cells in cancers. Therefore, this review presents the latest research on promising compounds from plants that can act as antitumor drugs and that mainly affect stem cell populations in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heron F V Torquato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia I Goettert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário Univates, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil;; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Campus Diadema), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil;; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hanschen FS, Schreiner M. Isothiocyanates, Nitriles, and Epithionitriles from Glucosinolates Are Affected by Genotype and Developmental Stage in Brassica oleracea Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1095. [PMID: 28690627 PMCID: PMC5479884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables of the Brassica oleracea group, such as broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, play an important role for glucosinolate consumption in the human diet. Upon maceration of the vegetable tissue, glucosinolates are degraded enzymatically to form volatile isothiocyanates, nitriles, and epithionitriles. However, only the uptake of isothiocyanates is linked to the cancer-preventive effects. Thus, it is of great interest to evaluate especially the isothiocyanate formation. Here, we studied the formation of glucosinolates and their respective hydrolysis products in sprouts and fully developed vegetable heads of different genotypes of the five B. oleracea varieties: broccoli, cauliflower as well as white, red, and savoy cabbages. Further, the effect of ontogeny (developmental stages) during the head development on the formation of glucosinolates and their respective hydrolysis products was evaluated at three different developmental stages (mini, fully developed, and over-mature head). Broccoli and red cabbage were mainly rich in 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), whereas cauliflower, savoy cabbage and white cabbage contained mainly 2-propenyl (sinigrin) and 3-(methylsulfinyl)propyl glucosinolate (glucoiberin). Upon hydrolysis, epithionitriles or nitriles were often observed to be the main hydrolysis products, with 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane being most abundant with up to 5.7 μmol/g fresh weight in white cabbage sprouts. Notably, sprouts often contained more than 10 times more glucosinolates or their hydrolysis products compared to fully developed vegetables. Moreover, during head development, both glucosinolate concentrations as well as hydrolysis product concentrations changed and mini heads contained the highest isothiocyanate concentrations. Thus, from a cancer-preventive point of view, consumption of mini heads of the B. oleracea varieties is recommended.
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Chaiprasongsuk A, Lohakul J, Soontrapa K, Sampattavanich S, Akarasereenont P, Panich U. Activation of Nrf2 Reduces UVA-Mediated MMP-1 Upregulation via MAPK/AP-1 Signaling Cascades: The Photoprotective Effects of Sulforaphane and Hispidulin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:388-398. [PMID: 28011874 PMCID: PMC5325073 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UVA irradiation plays a role in premature aging of the skin through triggering oxidative stress-associated stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) responsible for collagen degradation, a hallmark of photoaged skin. Compounds that can activate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor regulating antioxidant gene expression, should therefore serve as effective antiphotoaging agents. We investigated whether genetic silencing of Nrf2 could relieve UVA-mediated MMP-1 upregulation via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling using human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Antiphotoaging effects of hispidulin (HPD) and sulforaphane (SFN) were assessed on their abilities to activate Nrf2 in controlling MMP-1 and collagen expressions in association with phosphorylation of MAPKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38), c-Jun, and c-Fos, using the skin of BALB/c mice subjected to repetitive UVA irradiation. Our findings suggested that depletion of Nrf2 promoted both mRNA expression and activity of MMP-1 in the UVA-irradiated HaCaT cells. Treatment of Nrf2 knocked-down HaCaT cells with MAPK inhibitors significantly suppressed UVA-induced MMP-1 and AP-1 activities. Moreover, pretreatment of the mouse skin with HPD and SFN, which could activate Nrf2, provided protective effects against UVA-mediated MMP-1 induction and collagen depletion in correlation with the decreased levels of phosphorylated MAPKs, c-Jun, and c-Fos in the mouse skin. In conclusion, Nrf2 could influence UVA-mediated MMP-1 upregulation through the MAPK/AP-1 signaling cascades. HPD and SFN may therefore represent promising antiphotoaging candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jinaphat Lohakul
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitipong Soontrapa
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somponnat Sampattavanich
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pravit Akarasereenont
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Alam MF, Laskar AA, Maryam L, Younus H. Activation of Human Salivary Aldehyde Dehydrogenase by Sulforaphane: Mechanism and Significance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168463. [PMID: 27997560 PMCID: PMC5172892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables contain the bio-active compound sulforaphane (SF) which has been reported to protect individuals against various diseases by a number of mechanisms, including activation of the phase II detoxification enzymes. In this study, we show that the extracts of five cruciferous vegetables that we commonly consume and SF activate human salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase (hsALDH), which is a very important detoxifying enzyme in the mouth. Maximum activation was observed at 1 μg/ml of cabbage extract with 2.6 fold increase in the activity. There was a ~1.9 fold increase in the activity of hsALDH at SF concentration of ≥ 100 nM. The concentration of SF at half the maximum response (EC50 value) was determined to be 52 ± 2 nM. There was an increase in the Vmax and a decrease in the Km of the enzyme in the presence of SF. Hence, SF interacts with the enzyme and increases its affinity for the substrate. UV absorbance, fluorescence and CD studies revealed that SF binds to hsALDH and does not disrupt its native structure. SF binds with the enzyme with a binding constant of 1.23 x 107 M-1. There is one binding site on hsALDH for SF, and the thermodynamic parameters indicate the formation of a spontaneous strong complex between the two. Molecular docking analysis depicted that SF fits into the active site of ALDH3A1, and facilitates the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. SF being an antioxidant, is very likely to protect the catalytic Cys 243 residue from oxidation, which leads to the increase in the catalytic efficiency and hence the activation of the enzyme. Further, hsALDH which is virtually inactive towards acetaldehyde exhibited significant activity towards it in the presence of SF. It is therefore very likely that consumption of large quantities of cruciferous vegetables or SF supplements, through their activating effect on hsALDH can protect individuals who are alcohol intolerant against acetaldehyde toxicity and also lower the risk of oral cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Fazle Alam
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Amaj Ahmed Laskar
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Lubna Maryam
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Hina Younus
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail:
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de Wit NJW, Hulst M, Govers C, van der Meulen J, van Hoef A, Stoopen G, Hamers A, Hoekman A, de Vos R, Bovee TFH, Smits M, Mes JJ, Hendriksen PJM. Effects of Digested Onion Extracts on Intestinal Gene Expression: An Interspecies Comparison Using Different Intestine Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160719. [PMID: 27631494 PMCID: PMC5025074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal tissue samples are barely accessible to study potential health benefits of nutritional compounds. Numbers of animals used in animal trials, however, need to be minimalized. Therefore, we explored the applicability of in vitro (human Caco-2 cells) and ex vivo intestine models (rat precision cut intestine slices and the pig in-situ small intestinal segment perfusion (SISP) technique) to study the effect of food compounds. In vitro digested yellow (YOd) and white onion extracts (WOd) were used as model food compounds and transcriptomics was applied to obtain more insight into which extent mode of actions depend on the model. The three intestine models shared 9,140 genes which were used to compare the responses to digested onions between the models. Unsupervised clustering analysis showed that genes up- or down-regulated by WOd in human Caco-2 cells and rat intestine slices were similarly regulated by YOd, indicating comparable modes of action for the two onion species. Highly variable responses to onion were found in the pig SISP model. By focussing only on genes with significant differential expression, in combination with a fold change > 1.5, 15 genes showed similar onion-induced expression in human Caco-2 cells and rat intestine slices and 2 overlapping genes were found between the human Caco-2 and pig SISP model. Pathway analyses revealed that mainly processes related to oxidative stress, and especially the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, were affected by onions in all three models. Our data fit with previous in vivo studies showing that the beneficial effects of onions are mostly linked to their antioxidant properties. Taken together, our data indicate that each of the in vitro and ex vivo intestine models used in this study, taking into account their limitations, can be used to determine modes of action of nutritional compounds and can thereby reduce the number of animals used in conventional nutritional intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. W. de Wit
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Hulst
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Govers
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Meulen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angeline van Hoef
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Stoopen
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hamers
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Hoekman
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric de Vos
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toine F. H. Bovee
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mari Smits
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. M. Hendriksen
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Roy RV, Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Wang L, Hitron JA, Divya SP, Zhang Z, Shi X. Different roles of ROS and Nrf2 in Cr(VI)-induced inflammatory responses in normal and Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 307:81-90. [PMID: 27470422 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is classified as a human carcinogen. Cr(VI) has been associated with adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The present study shows that acute Cr(VI) treatment in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) increased inflammatory responses (TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-кB/p65) and expression of Nrf2. Cr(VI)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for increased inflammation. Despite the fact that Nrf2 is a master regulator of response to oxidative stress, silencing of Nrf2 in the acute Cr(VI) treatment had no effect on Cr(VI)-induced inflammation. In contrast, in Cr(VI)-transformed (CrT) cells, Nrf2 is constitutively activated. Knock-down of this protein resulted in decreased inflammation, while silencing of SOD2 and CAT had no effect in the expression of these inflammatory proteins. Results obtained from the knock-down of Nrf2 in CrT cells are very different from the results obtained in the acute Cr(VI) treatment. In BEAS-2B cells, knock-down of Nrf2 had no effect in the inflammation levels, while in CrT cells a decrease in the expression of inflammation markers was observed. These results indicate that before transformation, ROS plays a critical role while Nrf2 not in Cr(VI)-induced inflammation, whereas after transformation (CrT cells), Nrf2 is constitutively activated and this protein maintains inflammation while ROS not. Constitutively high levels of Nrf2 in CrT binds to the promoter regions of COX-2 and TNF-α, leading to increased inflammation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that before cell transformation ROS are important in Cr(VI)-induced inflammation and after transformation a constitutively high level of Nrf2 is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yong-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Giacoppo S, Rajan TS, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The Isothiocyanate Isolated from Moringa oleifera Shows Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity in the Treatment of Murine Subacute Parkinson's Disease. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 20:50-63. [PMID: 27245199 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at estimating a possible neuroprotective effect of glucomoringin (GMG) [4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl glucosinolate] bioactivated with the enzyme myrosinase to form the corresponding isothiocyanate [4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl C; moringin] in the treatment or prevention of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, the beneficial effects of moringin were compared with those of pure GMG, not enzymatically activated, in an in vivo experimental mouse model of subacute PD. Subacute PD was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Mice were pretreated daily for 1 week with moringin (10 mg/kg +5 μL myrosinase/mouse) and with GMG (10 mg/kg). Behavioral evaluations were also performed to assess motor deficits and bradykinesia in MPTP mice. Besides, assuming that pretreatment with moringin could modulate the triggering of inflammatory cascade with a correlated response, we tested its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by using a model of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Achieved results in vivo showed a higher efficacy of moringin compared with GMG not only to modulate the inflammatory pathway but also oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways. In addition, the greater effectiveness of moringin in countering mainly the inflammatory pathway has been corroborated by the results obtained in vitro. The relevance and innovation of the present study lie in the possible use of a safe formulation of a bioactive compound, resulting from exogenous myrosinase hydrolysis of the natural phytochemical GMG, which can be used in clinical practice as a useful drug for the treatment or prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- 2 Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CREA-CIN) , Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- 2 Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CREA-CIN) , Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- 3 Université d'Orléans et CNRS , ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans, France
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Becker TM, Juvik JA. The Role of Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products from Brassica Vegetable Consumption in Inducing Antioxidant Activity and Reducing Cancer Incidence. Diseases 2016; 4:E22. [PMID: 28933402 PMCID: PMC5456278 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactivity of glucosinolates (GSs), and more specifically their hydrolysis products (GSHPs), has been well documented. These secondary metabolites evolved in the order Brassicales as plant defense compounds with proven ability to deter or impede the growth of several biotic challenges including insect infestation, fungal and bacterial infection, and competition from other plants. However, the bioactivity of GSHPs is not limited to activity that inhibits these kingdoms of life. Many of these compounds have been shown to have bioactivity in mammalian systems as well, with epidemiological links to cancer chemoprevention in humans supported by in vitro, in vivo, and small clinical studies. Although other chemopreventive mechanisms have been identified, the primary mechanism believed to be responsible for the observed chemoprevention from GSHPs is the induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as NAD(P)H quinone reductase (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutathione S transferases (GSTs), through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Induction of this pathway is generally associated with aliphatic isothiocyanate GSHPs, although some indole-derived GSHPs have also been associated with induction of one or more of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talon M Becker
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3838, USA.
| | - John A Juvik
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3838, USA.
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Bonetto JHP, Fernandes RO, Seolin BGDL, Müller DD, Teixeira RB, Araujo AS, Vassallo D, Schenkel PC, Belló-Klein A. Sulforaphane improves oxidative status without attenuating the inflammatory response or cardiac impairment induced by ischemia–reperfusion in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:508-16. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a natural isothiocyanate, demonstrates cardioprotection associated with its capacity to stimulate endogenous antioxidants and to inhibit inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sulforaphane is capable of attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway, and thereby could modulate post-ischemic ventricular function in isolated rat hearts submitted to ischemia and reperfusion. Male Wistar rats received sulforaphane (10 mg·kg−1·day−1) or vehicle i.p. for 3 days. Global ischemia was performed using isolated hearts, 24 h after the last injection, by interruption of the perfusion flow. The protocol included a 20 min pre-ischemic period followed by 20 min of ischemia and a 20 min reperfusion. Although no changes in mechanical function were observed, sulforaphane induced a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1 expression (both 66%) and significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels (7%). No differences were observed for catalase and glutathione peroxidase expression or their activities, nor for thioredoxin reductase, glutaredoxin reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. No differences were found in lipid peroxidation or TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB expression. In conclusion, although sulforaphane was able to stimulate endogenous antioxidants modestly, this result did not impact inflammatory signaling or cardiac function of hearts submitted to ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Hellen Poletto Bonetto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gazzi de Lima Seolin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalvana Daneliza Müller
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton Vassallo
- Health Science Center of Vitória (EMESCAM), Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cavalheiro Schenkel
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Rizzo VL, Levine CB, Wakshlag JJ. The effects of sulforaphane on canine osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:718-730. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. L. Rizzo
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - C. B. Levine
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - J. J. Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
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Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:84-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sulforaphane Protects against Cardiovascular Disease via Nrf2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:407580. [PMID: 26583056 PMCID: PMC4637098 DOI: 10.1155/2015/407580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes an unparalleled proportion of the global burden of disease and will remain the main cause of mortality for the near future. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of cardiac disorders. Several studies have highlighted the cardinal role played by the overproduction of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of ischemic myocardial damage and consequent cardiac dysfunction. Isothiocyanates (ITC) are sulfur-containing compounds that are broadly distributed among cruciferous vegetables. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an ITC shown to possess anticancer activities by both in vivo and epidemiological studies. Recent data have indicated that the beneficial effects of SFN in CVD are due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. SFN activates NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that serves as a defense mechanism against oxidative stress and electrophilic toxicants by inducing more than a hundred cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidants and phase II detoxifying enzymes. This review will summarize the evidence from clinical studies and animal experiments relating to the potential mechanisms by which SFN modulates Nrf2 activation and protects against CVD.
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Kim DH, Sung B, Kang YJ, Hwang SY, Kim MJ, Yoon JH, Im E, Kim ND. Sulforaphane inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression and migration of human colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2226-32. [PMID: 26498863 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of sulforaphane (a natural product commonly found in broccoli) was investigated on hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in HCT116 human colon cancer cells and AGS human gastric cancer cells. We found that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein expression in HCT116 and AGS cells, while treatment with sulforaphane markedly and concentration-dependently inhibited HIF-1α expression in both cell lines. Treatment with sulforaphane inhibited hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in HCT116 cells. Treatment with sulforaphane modulated the effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α stability. However, degradation of HIF-1α by sulforaphane was not mediated through the 26S proteasome pathway. We also found that the inhibition of HIF-1α by sulforaphane was not mediated through AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation under hypoxic conditions. Finally, hypoxia-induced HCT116 cell migration was inhibited by sulforaphane. These data suggest that sulforaphane may inhibit human colon cancer progression and cancer cell angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Taken together, these results indicate that sulforaphane is a new and potent chemopreventive drug candidate for treating patients with human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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