1
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Yuan L, Liang X, He L. Insights into the Dissociation Process and Binding Pattern of the BRCT7/8-PHF8 Complex. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20819-20831. [PMID: 38764655 PMCID: PMC11097150 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase 2-binding protein 1 (Topbp1) plays a crucial role in activating the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related (ATR) complex to initiate DNA damage repair responses. For this process to occur, it is necessary for PHF8 to dissociate from Topbp1. Topbp1 binds to the acidic patch sequence (APS) of PHF8 through its C-terminal BRCT7/8 domain, and disrupting this interaction could be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. To investigate the dissociation process and binding pattern of BRCT7/8-PHF8, we employed enhanced sampling techniques, such as steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations and accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulations, along with self-organizing maps (SOM) and time-resolved force distribution analysis (TRFDA) methodologies. Our results demonstrate that the dissociation of PHF8 from BRCT7/8 starts from the N-terminus, leading to the unfolding of the N-terminal helix. Additionally, we identified critical residues that play a pivotal role in this dissociation process. These findings provide valuable insights into the disassociation of PHF8 from BRCT7/8, which could potentially guide the development of novel drugs targeting Topbp1 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiao Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Xiaodan Liang
- School
of Computer Sciences and Technology, Tiangong
University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute
for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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2
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Cheng B, Shi Y, Shao C, Wang S, Su Z, Liu J, Zhou Y, Fei X, Pan W, Chen J, Lu Y, Xiao J. Discovery of Novel Heterotricyclic Compounds as DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (DNA-PK) Inhibitors with Enhanced Chemosensitivity, Oral Bioavailability, and the Ability to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6253-6267. [PMID: 38587857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a novel series of heterotricyclic DNA-PK inhibitors were rationally designed, synthesized, and assessed for their biological activity. In the DNA-PK biochemical assay, most compounds displayed potent enzymatic activity, with IC50 values between 0.11 and 71.5 nM. Among them, SK10 exhibited the most potent DNA-PK-inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.11 nM). Studies of the mechanism of action indicated that SK10 could lower γH2A.X expression levels and demonstrate optimal synergistic antiproliferative activity against Jurkat cells (IC50 = 25 nM) when combined with doxorubicin. Importantly, in CT26 and B16-F10 tumor-bearing mouse models, the combination therapies of SK10 with chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, a PD-L1 antibody, and SWS1 (a potent PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitor) demonstrated superior synergistic anticancer and potential immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, SK10 possessed favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties [e.g., oral bioavailability (F) = 31.8%]. Taken together, SK10 represents a novel heterotricyclic DNA-PK inhibitor with antitumor immune effects and favorable pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Zhenhong Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
| | - Yingxing Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Fei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- Cardiology Department, Geriatric Department, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yiyu Lu
- Oncology Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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3
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Mavroeidi D, Georganta A, Panagiotou E, Syrigos K, Souliotis VL. Targeting ATR Pathway in Solid Tumors: Evidence of Improving Therapeutic Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2767. [PMID: 38474014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) system is a complicated network of signaling pathways that detects and repairs DNA damage or induces apoptosis. Critical regulators of the DDR network include the DNA damage kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). The ATR pathway coordinates processes such as replication stress response, stabilization of replication forks, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. ATR inhibition disrupts these functions, causing a reduction of DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, replication fork collapse, inappropriate mitotic entry, and mitotic catastrophe. Recent data have shown that the inhibition of ATR can lead to synthetic lethality in ATM-deficient malignancies. In addition, ATR inhibition plays a significant role in the activation of the immune system by increasing the tumor mutational burden and neoantigen load as well as by triggering the accumulation of cytosolic DNA and subsequently inducing the cGAS-STING pathway and the type I IFN response. Taken together, we review stimulating data showing that ATR kinase inhibition can alter the DDR network, the immune system, and their interplay and, therefore, potentially provide a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy, using ATR inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with genotoxic drugs and/or immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Mavroeidi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Georganta
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Panagiotou
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis L Souliotis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece
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4
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Chen S, Liu F, Yang A, Shang K. For better or worse: crosstalk of parvovirus and host DNA damage response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324531. [PMID: 38464523 PMCID: PMC10920228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a group of non-enveloped DNA viruses that have a broad spectrum of natural infections, making them important in public health. NS1 is the largest and most complex non-structural protein in the parvovirus genome, which is indispensable in the life cycle of parvovirus and is closely related to viral replication, induction of host cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, DNA damage response (DDR), and other processes. Parvovirus activates and utilizes the DDR pathway to promote viral replication through NS1, thereby increasing pathogenicity to the host cells. Here, we review the latest progress of parvovirus in regulating host cell DDR during the parvovirus lifecycle and discuss the potential of cellular consequences of regulating the DDR pathway, targeting to provide the theoretical basis for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of parvovirus and development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbiao Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Aofei Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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5
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Camacho-Encina M, Booth LK, Redgrave RE, Folaranmi O, Spyridopoulos I, Richardson GD. Cellular Senescence, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Their Link to Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:353. [PMID: 38391966 PMCID: PMC10886919 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a group of disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels, are the primary cause of death worldwide, with an immense impact on patient quality of life and disability. According to the World Health Organization, CVD takes an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, where more than four out of five CVD deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes. In the decades to come, an increased prevalence of age-related CVD, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery stenosis, myocardial infarction (MI), valvular heart disease, and heart failure (HF) will contribute to an even greater health and economic burden as the global average life expectancy increases and consequently the world's population continues to age. Considering this, it is important to focus our research efforts on understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying CVD. In this review, we focus on cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, which have long been established to contribute to CVD. We also assess the recent advances in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction including energy starvation and oxidative stress, mitochondria dynamics imbalance, cell apoptosis, mitophagy, and senescence with a focus on therapies that influence both and therefore perhaps represent strategies with the most clinical potential, range, and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camacho-Encina
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Laura K. Booth
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (L.K.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Rachael E. Redgrave
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Omowumi Folaranmi
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (L.K.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Gavin D. Richardson
- Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme, Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (O.F.); (G.D.R.)
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6
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Deng Y, Adam V, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Wu Q, Wei W, Kuca K. c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in cellular senescence. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2089-2109. [PMID: 37335314 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence leads to decreased tissue regeneration and inflammation and is associated with diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms of cellular senescence are not fully understood. Emerging evidence has indicated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is involved in the regulation of cellular senescence. JNK can downregulate hypoxia inducible factor-1α to accelerate hypoxia-induced neuronal cell senescence. The activation of JNK inhibits mTOR activity and triggers autophagy, which promotes cellular senescence. JNK can upregulate the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 and accelerates cancer cell senescence; however, this signaling also mediates the expression of amphiregulin and PD-LI to achieve cancer cell immune evasion and prevents their senescence. The activation of JNK further triggers forkhead box O expression and its target gene Jafrac1 to extend the lifespan of Drosophila. JNK can also upregulate the expression of DNA repair protein poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 and heat shock protein to delay cellular senescence. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the function of JNK signaling in cellular senescence and includes a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated senescence evasion and oncogene-induced cellular senescence. We also summarize the research progress in anti-aging agents that target JNK signaling. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular targets of cellular senescence and provides insights into anti-aging, which may be used to develop drugs for the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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7
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Duan Y, Zhuang L, Xu Y, Cheng H, Xia J, Lu T, Chen Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel ATR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106535. [PMID: 37086581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Targeting ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is being pursued as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced solid tumor with specific DNA damage response deficiency. Herein, we report a series of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent ATR inhibitory activity through structure-based drug design. Among them, the representative compound 10q exhibited excellent potency against ATR in both biochemical and cellular assays. More importantly, 10q exhibited good liver microsomes stability in different species and also showed moderate inhibitory activity against HT-29 cells in combination treatment with the ATM inhibitor AZD1390. Thus, this work provides a promising lead compound against ATR for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Duan
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yerong Xu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiawei Xia
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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8
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Hallmarks and Biomarkers of Skin Senescence: An Updated Review of Skin Senotherapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020444. [PMID: 36830002 PMCID: PMC9952625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process characterized by an ongoing decline in physiological functions, leading to degenerative diseases and an increased probability of death. Cellular senescence has been typically considered as an anti-proliferative process; however, the chronic accumulation of senescent cells contributes to tissue dysfunction and aging. In this review, we discuss some of the most important hallmarks and biomarkers of cellular senescence with a special focus on skin biomarkers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senotherapeutic strategies to eliminate or prevent senescence. Although most of them are not exclusive to senescence, the expression of the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) enzyme seems to be the most reliable biomarker for distinguishing senescent cells from those arrested in the cell cycle. The presence of a stable DNA damage response (DDR) and the accumulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mediators and ROS are the most representative hallmarks for senescence. Senotherapeutics based on natural compounds such as quercetin, naringenin, and apigenin have shown promising results regarding SASP reduction. These compounds seem to prevent the accumulation of senescent cells, most likely through the inhibition of pro-survival signaling pathways. Although studies are still required to verify their short- and long-term effects, these therapies may be an effective strategy for skin aging.
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9
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Fan X, He Y, Wu G, Chen H, Cheng X, Zhan Y, An C, Chen T, Wang X. Sirt3 activates autophagy to prevent DOX-induced senescence by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in A549 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119411. [PMID: 36521686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, regulates mitochondrial redox homeostasis and autophagy and is involved in physiological and pathological processes such as aging, cellular metabolism, and tumorigenesis. We here investigate how Sirt3 regulates doxorubicin (DOX)-induced senescence in lung cancer A549 cells. Sirt3 greatly reduced DOX-induced upregulation of senescence marker proteins p53, p16, p21 and SA-β-Gal activity as well as ROS levels. Notably, Sirt3 reversed DOX-induced autophagic flux blockage, as shown by increased p62 degradation and LC3II/LC3I ratio. Importantly, the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) partially abolished the antioxidant stress and antiaging effects of Sirt3, while the autophagy activator rapamycin (Rap) potentiated these effects of Sirt3, demonstrating that autophagy mediates the anti-aging effects of Sirt3. Additionally, Sirt3 inhibited the DOX-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which in turn activated autophagy. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 promoted the antioxidant stress and antiaging effects of Sirt3, while the AKT activator SC-79 reversed these effects of Sirt3. Taken together, Sirt3 counteracts DOX-induced senescence by improving autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Fan
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guihao Wu
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xuecheng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yongtong Zhan
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chunchun An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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10
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Chang Y, Huang Z, Quan H, Li H, Yang S, Song Y, Wang J, Yuan J, Wu C. Construction of a DNA damage repair gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune response in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1085632. [PMID: 36713553 PMCID: PMC9875088 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1085632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are involved in developing breast cancer. Recently, a targeted therapeutic strategy through DNA repair machinery, including PARPi, has initially shown broad development and application prospects in breast cancer therapy. However, few studies that focused on the correlation between the expression level of DNA repair genes, prognosis, and immune response in breast cancer patients have been recently conducted. Herein, we focused on identifying differentially expressed DNA repair genes (DEGs) in breast cancer specimens and normal samples using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Biofunction enrichment analysis was performed with DEGs using the R software "cluster Profiler" package. DNA repair genes were involved in multivariate and univariate Cox regression analyses. After the optimization by AIC value, 11 DNA repair genes were sorted as prognostic DNA repair genes for breast cancer patients to calculate risk scores. Simultaneously, a nomogram was used to represent the prognostic model, which was validated using a calibration curve and C-index. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), CIBERSORT algorithms, and ESTIMATE scores were applied to evaluate the immune filtration of tumor samples. Subsequently, anticarcinogen sensitivity analysis was performed using the R software "pRRophetic" package. Unsupervised clustering was used to excavate the correlation between the expression level of prognostic-significant DNA repair genes and clinical features. In summary, 56 DEGs were sorted, and their potential enriched biofunction pathways were revealed. In total, 11 DNA repair genes (UBE2A, RBBP8, RAD50 , FAAP20, RPA3, ENDOV, DDB2, UBE2V2, MRE11 , RRM2B, and PARP3 ) were preserved as prognostic genes to estimate risk score, which was applied to establish the prognostic model and stratified breast cancer patients into two groups with high or low risk. The calibration curve and C-index indicated that they reliably predicted the survival of breast cancer patients. Immune filtration analysis, anticarcinogen sensitivity analysis, and unsupervised clustering were applied to reveal the character of DNA repair genes between low- and high-risk groups. We identified 11 prognosis-significant DNA repair genes to establish prediction models and immune responses in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Quan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jian Yuan, ; Chenming Wu, ; Jian Wang,
| | - Jian Yuan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Ji’an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Ji’an, China,*Correspondence: Jian Yuan, ; Chenming Wu, ; Jian Wang,
| | - Chenming Wu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jian Yuan, ; Chenming Wu, ; Jian Wang,
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11
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Malaquin N, Rodier F. Dynamic and scalable assessment of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Methods Cell Biol 2022; 181:181-195. [PMID: 38302239 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dual-faced cellular senescence is responsible for beneficial biological processes and for age-related pathologies. Senescent cells under stable proliferation arrest develop numerous senescence-associated phenotypes such as the potent pro-inflammatory secretome called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP shapes the senescent microenvironment and influences the biology of adjacent cells, including the modulation of proliferation and migration/invasion, reinforcement/induction of peripheral senescence, and immune cell activity or recruitment. The SASP is a dynamic process with multiple waves of secreted factors described to interlace over a period of many days. Whether the senescence phenotype reaches a mature stable state remains controversial. Overall, the complexity of the context-dependent and timely SASP compositions and its varied microenvironmental impact demonstrate the importance of properly assessing SASP over time. In this chapter, we focus on scalable and dynamic experimental procedures to prepare SASP conditioned medium over time from cells receiving senescence-inducing stimuli. This SASP-containing conditioned medium can be used to assess the composition of the SASP, study SASP-related signaling pathways or evaluate the paracrine microenvironmental impact of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Malaquin
- Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Shi C, Qin K, Lin A, Jiang A, Cheng Q, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P. The role of DNA damage repair (DDR) system in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:268. [PMID: 36071479 PMCID: PMC9450390 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer treatment has increased, a growing number of studies demonstrate pathways through which DNA damage repair (DDR) affects the immune system. At the same time, the varied response of patients to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has prompted the discovery of various predictive biomarkers and the study of combination therapy. Here, our investigation explores the interactions involved in combination therapy, accompanied by a review that summarizes currently identified and promising predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that are useful for classifying oncology patients. In addition, this work, which discusses immunogenicity and several components of the tumor immune microenvironment, serves to illustrate the mechanism by which higher response rates and improved efficacy of DDR inhibitors (DDRi) in combination with ICIs are achieved.
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13
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Ding Z, Pan W, Xiao Y, Cheng B, Huang G, Chen J. Discovery of novel 7,8-dihydropteridine-6(5H)-one-based DNA-PK inhibitors as potential anticancer agents via scaffold hopping strategy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114401. [PMID: 35468512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is an essential element in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and has been regarded as a druggable target for antineoplastic agents. Starting from AZD-7648, a potent DNA-PK inhibitor being investigated in phase II clinical trials for advanced cancer treatment, two series of DNA-PK inhibitors were rationally designed via scaffold hopping strategy, synthesized, and assessed for their biological activity. Most compounds exhibited potent biochemical activity on DNA-PK enzymatic assay with IC50 values below 300 nM. Among these compounds, DK1 showed the best DNA-PK-inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.8 nM), slightly better than that of AZD-7648 (IC50 = 1.58 nM). Mode of action studies revealed that compound DK1 decreased the expression levels of γH2A.X and demonstrated synergistic antiproliferative activity against a series of cancer cell lines when used in combination with doxorubicin. Moreover, DK1 showed reasonable in vitro drug-like properties and favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics as an oral drug candidate. Importantly, the combination therapy of DK1 with DNA double-strand break (DSB)-inducing agent doxorubicin showed synergistic anticancer efficacy in the HL-60 xenograft model with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 52.4% and 62.4% for tumor weight and tumor volume, respectively. In conclusion, DK1 is a novel DNA-PK inhibitor with great promise for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Nanhai People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang, 430063, PR China
| | - Binbin Cheng
- School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, 435003, PR China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 51200, PR China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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14
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Maresca L, Stecca B, Carrassa L. Novel Therapeutic Approaches with DNA Damage Response Inhibitors for Melanoma Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:1466. [PMID: 35563772 PMCID: PMC9099918 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies against components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and immunotherapies, which block immune checkpoints, have shown important clinical benefits in melanoma patients. However, most patients develop resistance, with consequent disease relapse. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel therapeutic approaches for patients who are resistant or do not respond to the current targeted and immune therapies. Melanoma is characterized by homologous recombination (HR) and DNA damage response (DDR) gene mutations and by high replicative stress, which increase the endogenous DNA damage, leading to the activation of DDR. In this review, we will discuss the current experimental evidence on how DDR can be exploited therapeutically in melanoma. Specifically, we will focus on PARP, ATM, CHK1, WEE1 and ATR inhibitors, for which preclinical data as single agents, taking advantage of synthetic lethal interactions, and in combination with chemo-targeted-immunotherapy, have been growing in melanoma, encouraging the ongoing clinical trials. The overviewed data are suggestive of considering DDR inhibitors as a valid therapeutic approach, which may positively impact the future of melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maresca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Laura Carrassa
- Fondazione Cesalpino, Arezzo Hospital, USL Toscana Sud-Est, Via Pietro Nenni 20, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
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15
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Liu RF, Hu L, Wu JN, Wang JX, Wang XY, Liu ZY, Zhao QD, Li WJ, Song XD, Xiao JH. Changes in tumor suppressors and inflammatory responses during hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in rat fibroblasts. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:77-89. [PMID: 35109720 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2037582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and senescence are processes induced by oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to establish a cellular model of rapid proliferation and senescence of rat tail-tip fibroblasts by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), a well-known oxidant. On this basis, changes in oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell cycle of fibroblasts were studied. After H2O2 treatment, cell counting and flow cytometry results showed that 50μM of H2O2 for 12h and 100μM for 8h effectively promoted fibroblast proliferation, while 500μM rapidly led to cell cycle arrest. In addition, stimulation with H2O2 at a concentration of 50μM also promoted the inflammatory effects of the cells. At a concentration of 100μM H2O2, the cellular antioxidant system began to collapse at 8h and began to affect cellular activity. 500μM of H2O2 at 4h the levels of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, a marker of senescence and oxidative stress, were almost positive in fibroblasts. In addition, we found that the risk of fibroblasts carcinogenesis increased with increased H2O2 stimulation. The results of this study indicate that H2O2 can cause rapid proliferation and senescence of fibroblasts and that its mechanism of action may be mainly through influencing cellular antioxidant systems, cellular inflammatory responses and cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lan- Hu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jun-Nan Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qi-Da Zhao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu-Dong Song
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xiao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, College of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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16
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Recent advances in DDR (DNA damage response) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Lehmann J, Narcisi R, Franceschini N, Chatzivasileiou D, Boer CG, Koevoet WJLM, Putavet D, Drabek D, van Haperen R, de Keizer PLJ, van Osch GJVM, Ten Berge D. WNT/beta-catenin signalling interrupts a senescence-induction cascade in human mesenchymal stem cells that restricts their expansion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:82. [PMID: 35048158 PMCID: PMC8770385 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Senescence, the irreversible cell cycle arrest of damaged cells, is accompanied by a deleterious pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescence and the SASP are major factors in aging, cancer, and degenerative diseases, and interfere with the expansion of adult cells in vitro, yet little is known about how to counteract their induction and deleterious effects. Paracrine signals are increasingly recognized as important senescence triggers and understanding their regulation and mode of action may provide novel opportunities to reduce senescence-induced inflammation and improve cell-based therapies. Here, we show that the signalling protein WNT3A counteracts the induction of paracrine senescence in cultured human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We find that entry into senescence in a small subpopulation of MSCs triggers a secretome that causes a feed-forward signalling cascade that with increasing speed induces healthy cells into senescence. WNT signals interrupt this cascade by repressing cytokines that mediate this induction of senescence. Inhibition of those mediators by interference with NF-κB or interleukin 6 signalling reduced paracrine senescence in absence of WNT3A and promoted the expansion of MSCs. Our work reveals how WNT signals can antagonize senescence and has relevance not only for expansion of adult cells but can also provide new insights into senescence-associated inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lehmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, Division LAB, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Narcisi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja Franceschini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danai Chatzivasileiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy G Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy J L M Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Putavet
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, Division LAB, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dubravka Drabek
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Harbour Biomed, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rien van Haperen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Harbour Biomed, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter L J de Keizer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cancer Research, Division LAB, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derk Ten Berge
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Budhathoki S, Graham C, Sethu P, Kannappan R. Engineered Aging Cardiac Tissue Chip Model for Studying Cardiovascular Disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:348-359. [PMID: 34365455 PMCID: PMC8818062 DOI: 10.1159/000516954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapidly growing number of older people worldwide and the concomitant increase in cardiovascular complications, there is an urgent need for age-related cardiac disease modeling and drug screening platforms. In the present study, we developed a cardiac tissue chip model that incorporates hemodynamic loading and mimics essential aspects of the infarcted aging heart. We induced cellular senescence in H9c2 myoblasts using low-dose doxorubicin treatment. These senescent cells were then used to engineer cardiac tissue fibers, which were subjected to hemodynamic stresses associated with pressure-volume changes in the heart. Myocardial ischemia was modeled in the engineered cardiac tissue via hypoxic treatment. Our results clearly show that acute low-dose doxorubicin treatment-induced senescence, as evidenced by morphological and molecular markers, including enlarged and flattened nuclei, DNA damage response foci, and increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor p16INK4a, p53, and ROS. Under normal hemodynamic load, the engineered cardiac tissues demonstrated cell alignment and retained cardiac cell characteristics. Our senescent cardiac tissue model of hypoxia-induced myocardial infarction recapitulated the pathological disease hallmarks such as increased cell death and upregulated expression of ANP and BNP. In conclusion, the described methodology provides a novel approach to generate stress-induced aging cardiac cell phenotypes and engineer cardiac tissue chip models to study the cardiovascular disease pathologies associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Budhathoki
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caleb Graham
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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19
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Hernández-Suárez B, Gillespie DA, Pawlak A. DNA Damage Response (DDR) proteins in canine cancer as potential research targets in comparative oncology. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:347-361. [PMID: 34923737 PMCID: PMC9304296 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signal transduction network that is activated when endogenous or exogenous genotoxins damage or interfere with the replication of genomic DNA. Under such conditions, the DDR promotes DNA repair and ensures accurate replication and division of the genome. High levels of genomic instability are frequently observed in cancers and can stem from germline loss‐of‐function mutations in certain DDR genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53, that form the basis of human cancer predisposition syndromes. In addition, mutation and/or aberrant expression of multiple DDR genes are frequently observed in sporadic human cancers. As a result, the DDR is considered to represent a viable target for cancer therapy in humans and a variety of strategies are under investigation. Cancer is also a significant cause of mortality in dogs, a species that offers certain advantages for experimental oncology. Domestic dogs present numerous inbred lines, many of which display predisposition to specific forms of cancer and the study of which may provide insight into the biological basis of this susceptibility. In addition, clinical trials are possible in dogs and may lead to therapeutic insights that could ultimately be extended to humans. Here we review what is known specifically about the DDR in dogs and discuss how this knowledge could be extended and exploited to advance experimental oncology in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - David A Gillespie
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38071, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
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20
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Ionizing Radiation-Induced Brain Cell Aging and the Potential Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123570. [PMID: 34944078 PMCID: PMC8700624 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is occurring rapidly worldwide, challenging the global economy and healthcare services. Brain aging is a significant contributor to various age-related neurological and neuropsychological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Several extrinsic factors, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, can accelerate senescence. Multiple human and animal studies have reported that exposure to ionizing radiation can have varied effects on organ aging and lead to the prolongation or shortening of life span depending on the radiation dose or dose rate. This paper reviews the effects of radiation on the aging of different types of brain cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and cerebral endothelial cells. Further, the relevant molecular mechanisms are discussed. Overall, this review highlights how radiation-induced senescence in different cell types may lead to brain aging, which could result in the development of various neurological and neuropsychological disorders. Therefore, treatment targeting radiation-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may prevent radiation-induced brain aging and the neurological and neuropsychological disorders it may cause.
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21
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Mechanisms of Hydroxyurea-Induced Cellular Senescence: An Oxidative Stress Connection? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7753857. [PMID: 34707779 PMCID: PMC8545575 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7753857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is a water-soluble antiproliferative agent used for decades in neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions. HU is considered an essential medicine because of its cytoreduction functions. HU is an antimetabolite that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, which causes a depletion of the deoxyribonucleotide pool and dramatically reduces cell proliferation. The proliferation arrest, depending on drug concentration and exposure, may promote a cellular senescence phenotype associated with cancer cell therapy resistance and inflammation, influencing neighboring cell functions, immunosuppression, and potential cancer relapse. HU can induce cellular senescence in both healthy and transformed cells in vitro, in part, because of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we analyze the main molecular mechanisms involved in cytotoxic/genotoxic HU function, the potential to increase intracellular ROS levels, and the principal features of cellular senescence induction. Understanding the mechanisms involved in HU's ability to induce cellular senescence may help to improve current chemotherapy strategies and control undesirable treatment effects in cancer patients and other diseases.
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22
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Sustained Activation of TNFα-Induced DNA Damage Response in Newly Differentiated Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910548. [PMID: 34638889 PMCID: PMC8508732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to DNA damage is the mechanism that allows the interaction between stress signals, inflammatory secretions, DNA repair, and maintenance of cell and tissue homeostasis. Adipocyte dysfunction is the cellular trigger for various disease states such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, among many others. Previously, our group demonstrated that adipogenesis per se, from mesenchymal/stromal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (hASCs), involves an accumulation of DNA damage and a gradual loss of the repair capacity of oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, our objective was to identify whether healthy adipocytes differentiated for the first time from hASCs, when receiving inflammatory signals induced with TNFα, were able to persistently activate the DNA Damage Response and thus trigger adipocyte dysfunction. We found that TNFα at similar levels circulating in obese humans induce a sustained response to DNA damage response as part of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. This mechanism shows the impact of inflammatory environment early affect adipocyte function, independently of aging.
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23
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Netti GS, Franzin R, Stasi A, Spadaccino F, Dello Strologo A, Infante B, Gesualdo L, Castellano G, Ranieri E, Stallone G. Role of Complement in Regulating Inflammation Processes in Renal and Prostate Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092426. [PMID: 34572075 PMCID: PMC8471315 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the complement system, the central pillar of innate immune response, was recognized as a protective mechanism against cancer cells and the manipulation of complement effector functions in cancer setting offered a great opportunity to improve monoclonal antibody-based cancer immunotherapies. Similarly, cellular senescence, the process of cell cycle arrest that allow DNA and tissue repair has been traditionally thought to be able to suppress tumor progression. However, in recent years, extensive research has identified the complement system and cellular senescence as two main inducers of tumour growth in the context of chronic, persistent inflammation named inflammaging. Here, we discuss the data describing the ambivalent role of senescence in cancer with a particular focus on tumors that are strongly dependent on complement activation and can be understood by a new, senescence-related point of view: prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.S.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.S.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Andrea Dello Strologo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.D.S.); (B.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Barbara Infante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.D.S.); (B.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (A.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.D.S.); (B.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.S.N.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0881-732611 (E.R.); +39-0881-736002 (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.D.S.); (B.I.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0881-732611 (E.R.); +39-0881-736002 (G.S.)
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Plumbagin Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via Downregulating ATM. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:8239984. [PMID: 34484337 PMCID: PMC8416389 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8239984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether plumbagin (PL) could sensitize ionizing radiation (IR) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells and its possible mechanisms. Cell proliferation and combination index analysis was based on MTT and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis after the treatment of PL and/or IR. RT-PCR was used to examine the gene expression level of ataxia telangiegatasiata muted (ATM) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) after various treatment groups. Western blot was used to examine the protein level of ATM and NF-κB as well as their phosphorylation level. PL enhances the cytotoxicity of IR in TSCC cells. Combination index was <1 which represents a synergistic effect. Combined PL and IR promoted G2/M arrest and apoptosis which could be reversed by ATM activator chloroquine phosphate. ATM and NF-κB were both inhibited by PL and IR combination. PL can efficiently enhance the radiosensitivity of TSCC cells by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis via downregulating ATM.
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Janelle V, Neault M, Lebel MÈ, De Sousa DM, Boulet S, Durrieu L, Carli C, Muzac C, Lemieux S, Labrecque N, Melichar HJ, Mallette FA, Delisle JS. p16 INK4a Regulates Cellular Senescence in PD-1-Expressing Human T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698565. [PMID: 34434190 PMCID: PMC8381277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell dysfunction arising upon repeated antigen exposure prevents effective immunity and immunotherapy. Using various clinically and physiologically relevant systems, we show that a prominent feature of PD-1-expressing exhausted T cells is the development of cellular senescence features both in vivo and ex vivo. This is associated with p16INK4a expression and an impaired cell cycle G1 to S-phase transition in repeatedly stimulated T cells. We show that these T cells accumulate DNA damage and activate the p38MAPK signaling pathway, which preferentially leads to p16INK4a upregulation. However, in highly dysfunctional T cells, p38MAPK inhibition does not restore functionality despite attenuating senescence features. In contrast, p16INK4a targeting can improve T-cell functionality in exhausted CAR T cells. Collectively, this work provides insights into the development of T-cell dysfunction and identifies T-cell senescence as a potential target in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Janelle
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Neault
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dave Maurice De Sousa
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salix Boulet
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ludovic Durrieu
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cédric Carli
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chloé Muzac
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Research Centre, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wang N, Gu Y, Chi J, Liu X, Xiong Y, Zhong C, Wang F, Wang X, Li L. Screening of DNA Damage Repair Genes Involved in the Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Based on Bioinformatics. Front Genet 2021; 12:721873. [PMID: 34408776 PMCID: PMC8365772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.721873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. DNA damage response (DDR) is one of the hallmarks of this cancer. However, the association of DDR genes with the prognosis of TNBC is still unclear. Methods: We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and TNBC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). DDR genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database through six DDR gene sets. After the expression of six differential genes were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we then overlapped the DEGs with DDR genes. Based on univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses, a prognostic model was constructed to predict overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to assess the performance of the prognostic model. Cox regression analysis was applied to identify independent prognostic factors in TNBC. The Human Protein Atlas was used to study the immunohistochemical data of six DEGs. The prognostic model was validated using an independent dataset. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were performed by using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was employed to estimate immune cells related to this prognostic model. Finally, we constructed a transcriptional factor (TF) network and a competing endogenous RNA regulatory network. Results: Twenty-three differentially expressed DDR genes were detected between TNBC and normal samples. The six-gene prognostic model we developed was shown to be related to OS in TNBC using univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses. All the six DEGs were identified as significantly up-regulated in the tumor samples compared to the normal samples in qRT-PCR. The GSEA analysis indicated that the genes in the high-risk group were mainly correlated with leukocyte migration, cytokine interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, autoimmune diseases, and coagulation cascade. The mutation data revealed the mutated genes were different. The gene-TF regulatory network showed that Replication Factor C subunit 4 occupied the dominant position. Conclusion: We identified six gene markers related to DDR, which can predict prognosis and serve as an independent biomarker for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanting Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangrui Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youyi Xiong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Mordi JC, Ichipi-Ifukor PC, Kweki GR, Ichipi-Ifukor RN, Oyem JC, Dennis-Eboh U. Preliminary toxicology profile of Dennettia tripetala (Pepper Fruit) methanolic leaves extract. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dennentia tripetalla (Pepper Fruit) belongs to the Annonaceae family and is abundant in Nigeria. Its fruit in folklore medicine is used for treatment of varying ailments. While ample research evidence exists on the plants fruit and seed, no current study exists on the toxicological profile of the plant leaves.
Methods
qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals and In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out using standard methods. The acute toxicity study indicates that the LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/Kg body weight. Sub-chronic toxicity studies was carried out using five groups of rats. Group 1 served as control, 2–5 received 100 mg/Kg, 200 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally for 28 days.
Results
Post-administration biochemical analysis indicates there was increased weight in rats administered 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg while it reduced in the 500 mg/kg group. Significant elevations of liver function markers were reported for 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Serum and hepatic protein profiles remained unaltered. Renal function analysis revealed elevated serum urea and creatinine for 200 and 500 mg/kg groups, elevated serum Na+ and Ca+ and reduced serum Cl− for the 500 mg/Kg group. Elevated Kidney K+ and Ca+ levels, reduced Cl− were significantly observed in 500 mg/Kg group. Significant rise in hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation was observed in 200 and 500 mg/Kg groups. There were observed disarmament of the antioxidant defense systems occasioned by rise and drop in tissue (hepatic, renal, testes, heart) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (Cat), Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the test groups relative to control. Histopathological examination indicated architectural aberrations at 500 and 1000 mg/kg.
Conclusions
It concluded that the plant had significant phytochemical and antioxidant properties of medical interest and possessed toxic properties in rats when administered at a dose above 200 mg/Kg over a prolonged period of time.
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Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:245. [PMID: 34176928 PMCID: PMC8236488 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.
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Yeo GEC, Ng MH, Nordin FB, Law JX. Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5749. [PMID: 34072224 PMCID: PMC8198707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth of the geriatric population has been made possible with advancements in pharmaceutical and health sciences. Hence, age-associated diseases are becoming more common. Aging encompasses deterioration of the immune system, known as immunosenescence. Dysregulation of the immune cell production, differentiation, and functioning lead to a chronic subclinical inflammatory state termed inflammaging. The hallmarks of the aging immune system are decreased naïve cells, increased memory cells, and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising solution to halt immunosenescence as the cells have excellent immunomodulatory functions and low immunogenicity. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes of the aging immune system and the potential of MSC transplantation as a regenerative therapy for immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (G.E.C.Y.); (M.H.N.); (F.B.N.)
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30
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Wang R, Sun L, Xia S, Wu H, Ma Y, Zhan S, Zhang G, Zhang X, Shi T, Chen W. B7-H3 suppresses doxorubicin-induced senescence-like growth arrest in colorectal cancer through the AKT/TM4SF1/SIRT1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:453. [PMID: 33958586 PMCID: PMC8102521 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence induced by chemotherapy has been recognized as a new weapon for cancer therapy. This study aimed to research novel functions of B7-H3 in cellular senescence induced by a low dose of doxorubicin (DOX) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, our results demonstrated that B7-H3 knockdown promoted, while B7-H3 overexpression inhibited, DOX-induced cellular senescence. B7-H3 knockdown dramatically enhanced the growth arrest of CRC cells after low-dose DOX treatment, but B7-H3 overexpression had the opposite effect. By RNA-seq analysis and western blot, we showed that B7-H3 prevented cellular senescence and growth arrest through the AKT/TM4SF1/SIRT1 pathway. Blocking the AKT/TM4SF1/SIRT1 pathway dramatically reversed B7-H3-induced resistance to cellular senescence. More importantly, B7-H3 inhibited DOX-induced cellular senescence of CRC cells in vivo. Therefore, targeting B7-H3 or the B7-H3/AKT/TM4SF1/SIRT1 pathway might be a new strategy for promoting cellular senescence-like growth arrest during drug treatment in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqin Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Linqing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Suhua Xia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanchao Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Shenghua Zhan
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, China.
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Franzin R, Stasi A, Ranieri E, Netti GS, Cantaluppi V, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Castellano G. Targeting Premature Renal Aging: from Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence to Senolytic Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630419. [PMID: 33995028 PMCID: PMC8117359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological process of renal aging is characterized by progressive structural and functional deterioration of the kidney leading to end-stage renal disease, requiring renal replacement therapy. Since the discovery of pivotal mechanisms of senescence such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis inhibition, and the development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), efforts in the understanding of how senescent cells participate in renal physiological and pathological aging have grown exponentially. This has been encouraged by both preclinical studies in animal models with senescent cell clearance or genetic depletion as well as due to evidence coming from the clinical oncologic experience. This review considers the molecular mechanism and pathways that trigger premature renal aging from mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications to autophagy, DNA damage repair (DDR), and the involvement of extracellular vesicles. We also discuss the different pharmaceutical approaches to selectively target senescent cells (namely, senolytics) or the development of systemic SASP (called senomorphics) in basic models of CKD and clinical trials. Finally, an overview will be provided on the potential opportunities for their use in renal transplantation during ex vivo machine perfusion to improve the quality of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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Hemmings KE, Riches-Suman K, Bailey MA, O’Regan DJ, Turner NA, Porter KE. Role of MicroRNA-145 in DNA Damage Signalling and Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040919. [PMID: 33923614 PMCID: PMC8073820 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant clinical problem. Despite advancements in achieving good glycaemic control, this patient population remains susceptible to macrovascular complications. We previously discovered that vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) cultured from T2DM patients exhibit persistent phenotypic aberrancies distinct from those of individuals without a diagnosis of T2DM. Notably, persistently elevated expression levels of microRNA-145 co-exist with characteristics consistent with aging, DNA damage and senescence. We hypothesised that increased expression of microRNA-145 plays a functional role in DNA damage signalling and subsequent cellular senescence specifically in SMC cultured from the vasculature of T2DM patients. In this study, markers of DNA damage and senescence were unambiguously and permanently elevated in native T2DM versus non-diabetic (ND)-SMC. Exposure of ND cells to the DNA-damaging agent etoposide inflicted a senescent phenotype, increased expression of apical kinases of the DNA damage pathway and elevated expression levels of microRNA-145. Overexpression of microRNA-145 in ND-SMC revealed evidence of functional links between them; notably increased secretion of senescence-associated cytokines and chronic activation of stress-activated intracellular signalling pathways, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38α. Exposure to conditioned media from microRNA-145 overexpressing cells resulted in chronic p38α signalling in naïve cells, evidencing a paracrine induction and reinforcement of cell senescence. We conclude that targeting of microRNA-145 may provide a route to novel interventions to eliminate DNA-damaged and senescent cells in the vasculature and to this end further detailed studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Hemmings
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.E.H.); (K.R.-S.); (M.A.B.); (N.A.T.)
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Kirsten Riches-Suman
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.E.H.); (K.R.-S.); (M.A.B.); (N.A.T.)
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Marc A. Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.E.H.); (K.R.-S.); (M.A.B.); (N.A.T.)
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - David J. O’Regan
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.E.H.); (K.R.-S.); (M.A.B.); (N.A.T.)
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Karen E. Porter
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.E.H.); (K.R.-S.); (M.A.B.); (N.A.T.)
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Ogrodnik M. Cellular aging beyond cellular senescence: Markers of senescence prior to cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13338. [PMID: 33711211 PMCID: PMC8045927 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of research on cellular senescence experienced a rapid expansion from being primarily focused on in vitro aspects of aging to the vast territories of animal and clinical research. Cellular senescence is defined by a set of markers, many of which are present and accumulate in a gradual manner prior to senescence induction or are found outside of the context of cellular senescence. These markers are now used to measure the impact of cellular senescence on aging and disease as well as outcomes of anti-senescence interventions, many of which are at the stage of clinical trials. It is thus of primary importance to discuss their specificity as well as their role in the establishment of senescence. Here, the presence and role of senescence markers are described in cells prior to cell cycle arrest, especially in the context of replicative aging and in vivo conditions. Specifically, this review article seeks to describe the process of "cellular aging": the progression of internal changes occurring in primary cells leading to the induction of cellular senescence and culminating in cell death. Phenotypic changes associated with aging prior to senescence induction will be characterized, as well as their effect on the induction of cell senescence and the final fate of cells reviewed. Using published datasets on assessments of senescence markers in vivo, it will be described how disparities between quantifications can be explained by the concept of cellular aging. Finally, throughout the article the applicational value of broadening cellular senescence paradigm will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna Austria
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34
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Saoudaoui S, Bernard M, Cardin GB, Malaquin N, Christopoulos A, Rodier F. mTOR as a senescence manipulation target: A forked road. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:335-363. [PMID: 33858600 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, cancer and aging are highly interconnected. Among many important molecular machines that lie at the intersection of this triad, the mechanistic (formerly mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival. The mTOR signaling cascade is essential to maintain cellular homeostasis in normal biological processes or in response to stress, and its dysregulation is implicated in the progression of many disorders, including age-associated diseases. Accordingly, the pharmacological implications of mTOR inhibition using rapamycin or others rapalogs span the treatment of various human diseases from immune disorders to cancer. Importantly, rapamycin is one of the only known pan-species drugs that can extend lifespan. The molecular and cellular mechanisms explaining the phenotypic consequences of mTOR are vast and heavily studied. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of mTOR in the context of cellular senescence, a tumor suppressor mechanism and a pillar of aging. We will explore the link between senescence, autophagy and mTOR and discuss the opportunities to exploit senescence-associated mTOR functions to manipulate senescence phenotypes in age-associated diseases and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saoudaoui
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monique Bernard
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume B Cardin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Malaquin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Apostolos Christopoulos
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Service, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médicine nucléaire, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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35
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Green DR. Health and Fitness at the Single-Cell Level. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:130-135. [PMID: 33536268 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetically identical cells in a tissue can respond differently to perturbations in their environment or "stress." Such stresses can be physicochemical, mechanical, or infectious or may come from competition with other cells in the tissue. Here, I discuss how the varying responses to stress influence the decision of a cell to repair or die, and how one cell's response can have effects on surrounding cells. Such responses control the health and fitness of single cells and how they compete with other genetically identical cells.See related article on p. 129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
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Reamon-Buettner SM, Hackbarth A, Leonhardt A, Braun A, Ziemann C. Cellular senescence as a response to multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure in human mesothelial cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 193:111412. [PMID: 33279583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest induced by diverse triggers, including replicative exhaustion, DNA damaging agents, oncogene activation, oxidative stress, and chromatin disruption. With important roles in aging and tumor suppression, cellular senescence has been implicated also in tumor promotion. Here we show that certain multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as fiber-like nanomaterials, can trigger cellular senescence in primary human mesothelial cells. Using in vitro approaches, we found manifestation of several markers of cellular senescence, especially after exposure to a long and straight MWCNT. These included inhibition of cell division, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, senescence-associated distension of satellites, LMNB1 depletion, γH2A.X nuclear panstaining, and enlarged cells exhibiting senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed many differentially expressed genes, among which were genes encoding for a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of long and straight MWCNTs to induce premature cellular senescence. This finding may find relevance in risk assessment of workplace safety, and in evaluating MWCNT's use in medicine such as drug carrier, due to exposure effects that might prompt onset of age-related diseases, or even carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anja Hackbarth
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albrecht Leonhardt
- Nanoscale Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Histone Variant H2A.J Marks Persistent DNA Damage and Triggers the Secretory Phenotype in Radiation-Induced Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239130. [PMID: 33266246 PMCID: PMC7729917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreparable double-strand breaks (DSBs) in response to ionizing radiation (IR) trigger prolonged DNA damage response (DDR) and induce premature senescence. Profound chromatin reorganization with formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) is an essential epigenetic mechanism for controlling the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). To decipher molecular mechanisms provoking continuous DDR leading to premature senescence, radiation-induced DSBs (53BP1-foci) and dynamics of histone variant H2A.J incorporation were analyzed together with chromatin re-modeling in human fibroblasts after IR exposure. High-resolution imaging by transmission electron microscopy revealed that persisting 53BP1-foci developed into DNA segments with chromatin alterations reinforcing senescence (DNA-SCARS), consistently located at the periphery of SAHFs. Quantitative immunogold-analysis by electron microscopy revealed that H2A.J, steadily co-localizing with 53BP1, is increasingly incorporated into DNA-SCARS during senescence progression. Strikingly, shRNA-mediated H2A.J depletion in fibroblasts modified senescence-associated chromatin re-structuring and abolished SASP, thereby shutting down the production of inflammatory mediators. These findings provide mechanistic insights into biological phenomena of SASP and suggest that H2A.J inhibition could ablate SASP, without affecting the senescence-associated growth arrest.
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38
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MacDonald KM, Benguerfi S, Harding SM. Alerting the immune system to DNA damage: micronuclei as mediators. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:753-764. [PMID: 32844183 PMCID: PMC7588664 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Healthy cells experience thousands of DNA lesions per day during normal cellular metabolism, and ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs rely on DNA damage to kill cancer cells. In response to such lesions, the DNA damage response (DDR) activates cell-cycle checkpoints, initiates DNA repair mechanisms, or promotes the clearance of irreparable cells. Work over the past decade has revealed broader influences of the DDR, involving inflammatory gene expression following unresolved DNA damage, and immune surveillance of damaged or mutated cells. Subcellular structures called micronuclei, containing broken fragments of DNA or whole chromosomes that have been isolated away from the rest of the genome, are now recognized as one mediator of DDR-associated immune recognition. Micronuclei can initiate pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, or massively degrade to invoke distinct forms of genomic instability. In this mini-review, we aim to provide an overview of the current evidence linking the DDR to activation of the immune response through micronuclei formation, identifying key areas of interest, open questions, and emerging implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M MacDonald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Soraya Benguerfi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shane M Harding
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dutta Gupta S, Pan CH. Recent update on discovery and development of Hsp90 inhibitors as senolytic agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1086-1098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Malaquin N, Olivier MA, Martinez A, Nadeau S, Sawchyn C, Coppé JP, Cardin G, Mallette FA, Campisi J, Rodier F. Non-canonical ATM/MRN activities temporally define the senescence secretory program. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50718. [PMID: 32785991 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells display senescence-associated (SA) phenotypic programs such as stable proliferation arrest (SAPA) and a secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescence-inducing persistent DNA double-strand breaks (pDSBs) cause an immediate DNA damage response (DDR) and SAPA, but the SASP requires days to develop. Here, we show that following the immediate canonical DDR, a delayed chromatin accumulation of the ATM and MRN complexes coincides with the expression of SASP factors. Importantly, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) trigger SAPA and SASP in the absence of DNA damage. However, HDACi-induced SASP also requires ATM/MRN activities and causes their accumulation on chromatin, revealing a DNA damage-independent, non-canonical DDR activity that underlies SASP maturation. This non-canonical DDR is required for the recruitment of the transcription factor NF-κB on chromatin but not for its nuclear translocation. Non-canonical DDR further does not require ATM kinase activity, suggesting structural ATM functions. We propose that delayed chromatin recruitment of SASP modulators is the result of non-canonical DDR signaling that ensures SASP activation only in the context of senescence and not in response to transient DNA damage-induced proliferation arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christina Sawchyn
- Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Judith Campisi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Francis Rodier
- CRCHUM et Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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41
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Yamane M, Sato S, Shimizu E, Shibata S, Hayano M, Yaguchi T, Kamijuku H, Ogawa M, Suzuki T, Mukai S, Shimmura S, Okano H, Takeuchi T, Kawakami Y, Ogawa Y, Tsubota K. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype promotes chronic ocular graft-vs-host disease in mice and humans. FASEB J 2020; 34:10778-10800. [PMID: 32619061 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900218r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGVHD) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Multiple organs, including the lacrimal glands (LGs), are negatively affected by cGVHD and lose function due to the resultant fibrosis. An abnormal immune response is thought to be a major factor in the development of chronic ocular GVHD, which is currently treated primarily with immunosuppressive therapies. However, all the treatments yield unsatisfactory outcomes, and additional treatment strategies are needed. To meet this unmet medical need, we aimed to elucidate an additional pathway of chronic ocular GVHD. Our findings suggest a potential association between chronic ocular GVHD pathogenesis and stress-induced cellular senescence through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells produce cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6 and CXCL9. Indeed, senescent cell accumulation was presumably associated with cGVHD development in LGs, as evidenced by the improvement in LGs after the selective elimination of senescent cells (senolysis) with ABT-263. Results in the sclerodermatous cGVHD mouse model suggest that inhibiting the major components of the SASP, including IL-6 and CXCL9, with senolytics is a potential novel strategy for treating cGVHD-affected LGs. Taken together, our results indicate a potential association between the SASP and cGVHD development in LGs and suggest that targeted senolytic treatment may be a new therapeutic option for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Yamane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinri Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hayano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamijuku
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Mukai
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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DNA Damage- But Not Enzalutamide-Induced Senescence in Prostate Cancer Promotes Senolytic Bcl-xL Inhibitor Sensitivity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071593. [PMID: 32630281 PMCID: PMC7408442 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a natural tumor suppression mechanism defined by a stable proliferation arrest. In the context of cancer treatment, cancer cell therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is emerging as an omnipresent cell fate decision that can be pharmacologically targeted at the molecular level to enhance the beneficial aspects of senescence. In prostate cancer (PCa), TIS has been reported using multiple different model systems, and a more systematic analysis would be useful to identify relevant senescence manipulation molecular targets. Here we show that a spectrum of PCa senescence phenotypes can be induced by clinically relevant therapies. We found that DNA damage inducers like irradiation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP) inhibitors triggered a stable PCa-TIS independent of the p53 status. On the other hand, enzalutamide triggered a reversible senescence-like state that lacked evidence of cell death or DNA damage. Using a small senolytic drug panel, we found that senescence inducers dictated senolytic sensitivity. While Bcl-2 family anti-apoptotic inhibitor were lethal for PCa-TIS cells harboring evidence of DNA damage, they were ineffective against enzalutamide-TIS cells. Interestingly, piperlongumine, which was described as a senolytic, acted as a senomorphic to enhance enzalutamide-TIS proliferation arrest without promoting cell death. Overall, our results suggest that TIS phenotypic hallmarks need to be evaluated in a context-dependent manner because they can vary with senescence inducers, even within identical cancer cell populations. Defining this context-dependent spectrum of senescence phenotypes is key to determining subsequent molecular strategies that target senescent cancer cells.
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Chesnokova V, Melmed S. Peptide Hormone Regulation of DNA Damage Responses. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5818084. [PMID: 32270196 PMCID: PMC7279704 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair pathways determine neoplastic cell transformation and therapeutic responses, as well as the aging process. Altered DDR functioning results in accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage, increased frequency of tumorigenic mutations, and premature aging. Recent evidence suggests that polypeptide hormones play a role in modulating DDR and DNA damage repair, while DNA damage accumulation may also affect hormonal status. We review the available reports elucidating involvement of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), growth hormone (GH), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropins in DDR and DNA repair as well as the current understanding of pathways enabling these actions. We discuss effects of DNA damage pathway mutations, including Fanconi anemia, on endocrine function and consider mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. (Endocrine Reviews 41: 1 - 19, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Chesnokova
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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44
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Sebastian-Valverde M, Pasinetti GM. The NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Critical Actor in the Inflammaging Process. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061552. [PMID: 32604771 PMCID: PMC7348816 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the considerable increase in the human lifespan over the last century, we are experiencing the appearance and impact of new age-related diseases. The causal relationships between aging and an enhanced susceptibility of suffering from a broad spectrum of diseases need to be better understood. However, one specific shared feature seems to be of capital relevance for most of these conditions: the low-grade chronic inflammatory state inherently associated with aging, i.e., inflammaging. Here, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms that link aging and inflammaging, focusing on the role of the innate immunity and more concretely on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as well as how the chronic activation of this inflammasome has a detrimental effect on different age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio M. Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-1952
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45
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D'Adamo S, Cetrullo S, Guidotti S, Silvestri Y, Minguzzi M, Santi S, Cattini L, Filardo G, Flamigni F, Borzì RM. Spermidine rescues the deregulated autophagic response to oxidative stress of osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:159-172. [PMID: 32305648 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) contributes to Osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis and its effects are worsened by the impairment of homeostatic mechanisms such as autophagy in OA chondrocytes. Rescue of an efficient autophagic flux could therefore reduce the bulk of damaged molecules, and at the same time improve cell function and viability. As a promising dietary or intra-articular supplement to rescue autophagy in OA chondrocytes, we tested spermidine (SPD), known to induce autophagy and to reduce OS in several other cellular models. Chondrocytes were obtained from OA cartilage and seeded at high-density to keep their differentiated phenotype. The damaging effects of OS and the chondroprotective activity of SPD were assessed by evaluating the extent of cell death, oxidative DNA damage and caspase 3 activation. The autophagy promoting activity of SPD was evaluated by assessing pivotal autophagic effectors, i.e. Beclin-1 (BECN-1), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3-II) and p62. BECN-1 protein expression was significantly increased by SPD and reduced by H2O2 treatment. SPD also rescued the impaired autophagic flux consequent to H2O2 exposure by increasing mRNA and protein expression of LC3-II and p62. SPD induction of mitophagy was revealed by immunofluorescent co-localization of LC3-II and TOM20. The key protective role of autophagy was confirmed by the loss of SPD chondroprotection upon autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) silencing. Significant SPD tuning of the H2O2-dependent induction of degradative (MMP-13), inflammatory (iNOS, COX-2) and hypertrophy markers (RUNX2 and VEGF) was revealed by Real Time PCR and pointed at the SPD ability of reducing NF-κB activation through autophagy induction. Conversely, blockage of autophagy led to parallel increases of oxidative markers and p65 nuclear translocation. SPD also increased the proliferation of slow-proliferating primary cultures. Taken together, our findings highlight the chondroprotective, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of SPD and suggest that the protection afforded by SPD against OS is exerted through the rescue of the autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serena Guidotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manuela Minguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza"-Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Cattini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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Mijit M, Caracciolo V, Melillo A, Amicarelli F, Giordano A. Role of p53 in the Regulation of Cellular Senescence. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030420. [PMID: 32182711 PMCID: PMC7175209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor plays a critical role in cellular responses to stress. Its activation in response to DNA damage leads to cell growth arrest, allowing for DNA repair, or directs cellular senescence or apoptosis, thereby maintaining genome integrity. Senescence is a permanent cell-cycle arrest that has a crucial role in aging, and it also represents a robust physiological antitumor response, which counteracts oncogenic insults. In addition, senescent cells can also negatively impact the surrounding tissue microenvironment and the neighboring cells by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately triggering tissue dysfunction and/or unfavorable outcomes. This review focuses on the characteristics of senescence and on the recent advances in the contribution of p53 to cellular senescence. Moreover, we also discuss the p53-mediated regulation of several pathophysiological microenvironments that could be associated with senescence and its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Mijit
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 67100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Caracciolo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Antonio Melillo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 67100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 53100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence:
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47
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Biomarkers in the path from cellular senescence to frailty. Exp Gerontol 2019; 129:110750. [PMID: 31678465 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Polyamine supplementation reduces DNA damage in adipose stem cells cultured in 3-D. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14269. [PMID: 31582764 PMCID: PMC6776621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
According to previous research, natural polyamines exert a role in regulating cell committment and differentiation from stemness during skeletal development. In order to assess whether distinct polyamine patterns are associated with different skeletal cell types, primary cultures of stem cells, chondrocytes or osteoblasts were dedicated for HPLC analysis of intracellular polyamines. Spermine (SPM) and Spermidine (SPD) levels were higher in adipose derived stem cells (ASC) compared to mature skeletal cells, i.e. chondrocytes and osteoblasts, confirming the connection of polyamine content with stemness. To establish whether polyamines can protect ASC against oxidative DNA damage in a 3-D differentiation model, the level of γH2AX was measured by western blot, and found to correlate with age and BMI of patients. Addition of either polyamine to ASC was able to hinder DNA damage in the low micromolecular range, with marked reduction of γH2AX level at 10 µM SPM and 5 µM SPD. Molecular analysis of the mechanisms that might underlie the protective effect of polyamine supplementation evidences a possible involvement of autophagy. Altogether, these results support the idea that polyamines are able to manage both stem cell differentiation and cell oxidative damage, and therefore represent appealing tools for regenerative and cell based applications.
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Liu Q, Gao J, Zhao C, Guo Y, Wang S, Shen F, Xing X, Luo Y. To control or to be controlled? Dual roles of CDK2 in DNA damage and DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 85:102702. [PMID: 31731257 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2), a member of the CDK family, has been shown to play a role in many cellular activities including cell cycle progression, apoptosis and senescence. Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that CDK2 is involved in DNA damage and DNA repair response (DDR). When DNA is damaged by internal or external genotoxic stresses, CDK2 activity is required for proper DNA repair in vivo and in vitro, whereas inactivation of CDK2 by siRNA techniques or by inhibitors could result in DNA damage and stimulate DDR. Hence, CDK2 seems to play dual roles in DNA damage and DDR. On one aspect, it is activated and stimulates DDR to repair DNA damage when DNA damage occurs; on the other hand, its inactivation directly leads to DNA damage and evokes DDR. Here, we describe the roles of CDK2 in DNA damage and DDR, and discuss the potential application of CDK2 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jinlan Gao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yingying Guo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Fei Shen
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xuesha Xing
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Fleury H, Malaquin N, Tu V, Gilbert S, Martinez A, Olivier MA, Sauriol A, Communal L, Leclerc-Desaulniers K, Carmona E, Provencher D, Mes-Masson AM, Rodier F. Exploiting interconnected synthetic lethal interactions between PARP inhibition and cancer cell reversible senescence. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31186408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10460-1] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a tumor suppression mechanism defined by stable proliferation arrest. Here we demonstrate that the known synthetic lethal interaction between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors (PARPi) and DNA repair triggers p53-independent ovarian cancer cell senescence defined by senescence-associated phenotypic hallmarks including DNA-SCARS, inflammatory secretome, Bcl-XL-mediated apoptosis resistance, and proliferation restriction via Chk2 and p21 (CDKN1A). The concept of senescence as irreversible remains controversial and here we show that PARPi-senescent cells re-initiate proliferation upon drug withdrawal, potentially explaining the requirement for sustained PARPi therapy in the clinic. Importantly, PARPi-induced senescence renders ovarian and breast cancer cells transiently susceptible to second-phase synthetic lethal approaches targeting the senescence state using senolytic drugs. The combination of PARPi and a senolytic is effective in preclinical models of ovarian and breast cancer suggesting that coupling these synthetic lethalities provides a rational approach to their clinical use and may together be more effective in limiting resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Fleury
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Malaquin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Tu
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Gilbert
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Martinez
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Alexandre Olivier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Sauriol
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Laudine Communal
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Kim Leclerc-Desaulniers
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada. .,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada.
| | - Francis Rodier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada. .,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada.
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