1
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Boman J, Wiklund C, Vila R, Backström N. Meiotic drive against chromosome fusions in butterfly hybrids. Chromosome Res 2024; 32:7. [PMID: 38702576 PMCID: PMC11068667 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-024-09752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Species frequently differ in the number and structure of chromosomes they harbor, but individuals that are heterozygous for chromosomal rearrangements may suffer from reduced fitness. Chromosomal rearrangements like fissions and fusions can hence serve as a mechanism for speciation between incipient lineages, but their evolution poses a paradox. How can rearrangements get fixed between populations if heterozygotes have reduced fitness? One solution is that this process predominantly occurs in small and isolated populations, where genetic drift can override natural selection. However, fixation is also more likely if a novel rearrangement is favored by a transmission bias, such as meiotic drive. Here, we investigate chromosomal transmission distortion in hybrids between two wood white (Leptidea sinapis) butterfly populations with extensive karyotype differences. Using data from two different crossing experiments, we uncover that there is a transmission bias favoring the ancestral chromosomal state for derived fusions, a result that shows that chromosome fusions actually can fix in populations despite being counteracted by meiotic drive. This means that meiotic drive not only can promote runaway chromosome number evolution and speciation, but also that it can be a conservative force acting against karyotypic change and the evolution of reproductive isolation. Based on our results, we suggest a mechanistic model for why chromosome fusion mutations may be opposed by meiotic drive and discuss factors contributing to karyotype evolution in Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Boman
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christer Wiklund
- Department of Zoology: Division of Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de La Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niclas Backström
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Augustijnen H, Bätscher L, Cesanek M, Chkhartishvili T, Dincă V, Iankoshvili G, Ogawa K, Vila R, Klopfstein S, de Vos JM, Lucek K. A macroevolutionary role for chromosomal fusion and fission in Erebia butterflies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0989. [PMID: 38630820 PMCID: PMC11023530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The impact of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusions and fissions, on speciation is a long-standing conundrum. We assessed whether bursts of change in chromosome numbers resulting from chromosomal fusion or fission are related to increased speciation rates in Erebia, one of the most species-rich and karyotypically variable butterfly groups. We established a genome-based phylogeny and used state-dependent birth-death models to infer trajectories of karyotype evolution. We demonstrated that rates of anagenetic chromosomal changes (i.e., along phylogenetic branches) exceed cladogenetic changes (i.e., at speciation events), but, when cladogenetic changes occur, they are mostly associated with chromosomal fissions rather than fusions. We found that the relative importance of fusion and fission differs among Erebia clades of different ages and that especially in younger, more karyotypically diverse clades, speciation is more frequently associated with cladogenetic chromosomal changes. Overall, our results imply that chromosomal fusions and fissions have contrasting macroevolutionary roles and that large-scale chromosomal rearrangements are associated with bursts of species diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Livio Bätscher
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Cesanek
- Slovak Entomological Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 1, Slovakia
| | | | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Kota Ogawa
- Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Insect Sciences and Creative Entomology Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seraina Klopfstein
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jurriaan M. de Vos
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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3
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Mezzasalma M, Macirella R, Odierna G, Brunelli E. Karyotype Diversification and Chromosome Rearrangements in Squamate Reptiles. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:371. [PMID: 38540430 PMCID: PMC10970613 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Karyotype diversification represents an important, yet poorly understood, driver of evolution. Squamate reptiles are characterized by a high taxonomic diversity which is reflected at the karyotype level in terms of general structure, chromosome number and morphology, and insurgence of differentiated simple or multiple-sex-chromosome systems with either male or female heterogamety. The potential of squamate reptiles as unique model organisms in evolutionary cytogenetics has been recognised in recent years in several studies, which have provided novel insights into the chromosome evolutionary dynamics of different taxonomic groups. Here, we review and summarize the resulting complex, but promising, general picture from a systematic perspective, mapping some of the main squamate karyological characteristics onto their phylogenetic relationships. We highlight how all the major categories of balanced chromosome rearrangements contributed to the karyotype evolution in different taxonomic groups. We show that distinct karyotype evolutionary trends may occur, and coexist, with different frequencies in different clades. Finally, in light of the known squamate chromosome diversity and recent research advances, we discuss traditional and novel hypotheses on karyotype evolution and propose a scenario of circular karyotype evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Mezzasalma
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Gaetano Odierna
- Independent Researcher, Via Michelangelo 123, 81031 Aversa, Italy;
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.M.); (E.B.)
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4
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Nie B, Chen X, Hou Z, Guo M, Li C, Sun W, Ji J, Zang L, Yang S, Fan P, Zhang W, Li H, Tan Y, Li W, Wang L. Haplotype-phased genome unveils the butylphthalide biosynthesis and homoploid hybrid origin of Ligusticum chuanxiong. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj6547. [PMID: 38324681 PMCID: PMC10849598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Butylphthalide is one of the first-line drugs for ischemic stroke therapy, while no biosynthetic enzyme for butylphthalide has been reported. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved genome of Ligusticum chuanxiong, a long-cultivated and phthalide-rich medicinal plant in Apiaceae. On the basis of comprehensive screening, four Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and two CYPs were mined and further biochemically verified as phthalide C-4/C-5 desaturases (P4,5Ds) that effectively promoted the forming of (S)-3-n-butylphthalide and butylidenephthalide. The substrate promiscuity and functional redundancy featured for P4,5Ds may contribute to the high phthalide diversity in L. chuanxiong. Notably, comparative genomic evidence supported L. chuanxiong as a homoploid hybrid with Ligusticum sinense as a potential parent. The two haplotypes demonstrated exceptional structure variance and diverged around 3.42 million years ago. Our study is an icebreaker for the dissection of phthalide biosynthetic pathway and reveals the hybrid origin of L. chuanxiong, which will facilitate the metabolic engineering for (S)-3-n-butylphthalide production and breeding for L. chuanxiong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Nie
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhuangwei Hou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Miaoxian Guo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wenkai Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ji
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Lanlan Zang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Song Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Pengxiang Fan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310063, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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5
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Jensen A, Swift F, de Vries D, Beck RMD, Kuderna LFK, Knauf S, Chuma IS, Keyyu JD, Kitchener AC, Farh K, Rogers J, Marques-Bonet T, Detwiler KM, Roos C, Guschanski K. Complex Evolutionary History With Extensive Ancestral Gene Flow in an African Primate Radiation. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad247. [PMID: 37987553 PMCID: PMC10691879 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of speciation is fundamental in evolutionary biology, and recent studies highlight hybridization as an important evolutionary force. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 22 species of guenons (tribe Cercopithecini), one of the world's largest primate radiations, we show that rampant gene flow characterizes their evolutionary history and identify ancient hybridization across deeply divergent lineages that differ in ecology, morphology, and karyotypes. Some hybridization events resulted in mitochondrial introgression between distant lineages, likely facilitated by cointrogression of coadapted nuclear variants. Although the genomic landscapes of introgression were largely lineage specific, we found that genes with immune functions were overrepresented in introgressing regions, in line with adaptive introgression, whereas genes involved in pigmentation and morphology may contribute to reproductive isolation. In line with reports from other systems that hybridization might facilitate diversification, we find that some of the most species-rich guenon clades are of admixed origin. This study provides important insights into the prevalence, role, and outcomes of ancestral hybridization in a large mammalian radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Jensen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75236, Sweden
| | - Frances Swift
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dorien de Vries
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Robin M D Beck
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Lukas F K Kuderna
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Sascha Knauf
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald – Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | | | - Julius D Keyyu
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Andrew C Kitchener
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Kyle Farh
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Kate M Detwiler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Katerina Guschanski
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75236, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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6
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Dedukh D, Maslova A, Al-Rikabi A, Padutsch N, Liehr T, Krasikova A. Karyotypes of water frogs from the Pelophylax esculentus complex: results of cross-species chromosomal painting. Chromosoma 2023; 132:329-342. [PMID: 38001396 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian species have the largest genome size enriched with repetitive sequences and relatively similar karyotypes. Moreover, many amphibian species frequently hybridize causing nuclear and mitochondrial genome introgressions. In addition, hybridization in some amphibian species may lead to clonality and polyploidization. All such events were found in water frogs from the genus Pelophylax. Among the species within the genus Pelophylax, P. esculentus complex is the most widely distributed and well-studied. This complex includes two parental species, P. ridibundus and P. lessonae, and their hybrids, P. esculentus, reproducing hemiclonally. Parental species and their hybrids have similar but slightly polymorphic karyotypes, so their precise identification is still required. Here, we have developed a complete set of 13 chromosome painting probes for two parental species allowing the precise identification of all chromosomes. Applying chromosomal painting, we identified homologous chromosomes in both parental species and orthologous chromosomes in their diploid hemiclonal hybrids. Comparative painting did not reveal interchromosomal exchanges between the studied water frog species and their hybrids. Using cross-specific chromosome painting, we detected unequal distribution of the signals along chromosomes suggesting the presence of species-specific tandem repeats. Application of chromosomal paints to the karyotypes of hybrids revealed differences in the intensity of staining for P. ridibundus and P. lessonae chromosomes. Thus, both parental genomes have a divergence in unique sequences. Obtained chromosome probes may serve as a powerful tool to unravel chromosomal evolution in phylogenetically related species, identify individual chromosomes in different cell types, and investigate the elimination of chromosomes in hybrid water frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Cell Nucleus Structure and Dynamics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Non-Mendelian Evolution, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Antonina Maslova
- Laboratory of Cell Nucleus Structure and Dynamics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ahmed Al-Rikabi
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Padutsch
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Alla Krasikova
- Laboratory of Cell Nucleus Structure and Dynamics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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7
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Lucek K, Giménez MD, Joron M, Rafajlović M, Searle JB, Walden N, Westram AM, Faria R. The Impact of Chromosomal Rearrangements in Speciation: From Micro- to Macroevolution. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041447. [PMID: 37604585 PMCID: PMC10626258 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) have been known since almost the beginning of genetics. While an important role for CRs in speciation has been suggested, evidence primarily stems from theoretical and empirical studies focusing on the microevolutionary level (i.e., on taxon pairs where speciation is often incomplete). Although the role of CRs in eukaryotic speciation at a macroevolutionary level has been supported by associations between species diversity and rates of evolution of CRs across phylogenies, these findings are limited to a restricted range of CRs and taxa. Now that more broadly applicable and precise CR detection approaches have become available, we address the challenges in filling some of the conceptual and empirical gaps between micro- and macroevolutionary studies on the role of CRs in speciation. We synthesize what is known about the macroevolutionary impact of CRs and suggest new research avenues to overcome the pitfalls of previous studies to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary significance of CRs in speciation across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Lucek
- Biodiversity Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mabel D Giménez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Genética Humana de Misiones (IGeHM), Parque de la Salud de la Provincia de Misiones "Dr. Ramón Madariaga," N3300KAZ Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, N3300LQH Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Nora Walden
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Marie Westram
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado;
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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8
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Yamabe T, Kajitani R, Toyoda A, Itoh T. Chromosomal-level Genome Assembly of the Coffee Bee Hawk Moth Reveals the Evolution of Chromosomes and the Molecular Basis of Distinct Phenotypes. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad141. [PMID: 37494061 PMCID: PMC10476703 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephonodes hylas, the coffee bee hawk moth is a hawk moth species with unique characteristics, such as larvae feeding on gardenia, overcoming the toxicity of its iridoid glycosides, diurnal adults, and transparent wings. Although C. hylas is a fascinating model for molecular biological research, genome sequence analysis-based genetic approaches to elucidate these peculiarities have not yet been undertaken. We successfully achieved de novo genome assembly at the chromosome level of C. hylas comparable to the Lepidoptera model organism, silkworm. Additionally, 16,854 protein-coding genes were annotated, and the constructed genome sequence and annotated genes were of the highest quality BUSCO completion compared to closely related species. Comparative genome analysis revealed the process of chromosomal evolution from the Bombycoidea ancestral (n = 31) genome and changes in turnover at the chromosome level associated with chromosomal fusion events, such as the rate of repetitive sequence insertion. These analyses were only possible because the genome was constructed at the chromosome level. Additionally, increased the nonsynonymous/synonymous rate (dN/dS) ratios were observed in multiple photoreceptor-related genes that were strongly associated with the acquisition of diurnal activity. Furthermore, tandemly duplicated expanded genes containing many digestive and other enzymes and larval midgut-specific expression were also confirmed. These genes may be involved in the metabolism of genipin, a toxin found in gardenias. Using the genome sequence of C. hylas determined at the chromosome level, we have successfully identified new insights into the chromosomal evolution of Bombycoidea, as well as the relationship between the genome sequence and its characteristic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamabe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Kajitani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Pazhenkova EA, Lukhtanov VA. Chromosomal conservatism vs chromosomal megaevolution: enigma of karyotypic evolution in Lepidoptera. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:16. [PMID: 37300756 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the evolution of many organisms, periods of slow genome reorganization (= chromosomal conservatism) are interrupted by bursts of numerous chromosomal changes (= chromosomal megaevolution). Using comparative analysis of chromosome-level genome assemblies, we investigated these processes in blue butterflies (Lycaenidae). We demonstrate that the phase of chromosome number conservatism is characterized by the stability of most autosomes and dynamic evolution of the sex chromosome Z, resulting in multiple variants of NeoZ chromosomes due to autosome-sex chromosome fusions. In contrast during the phase of rapid chromosomal evolution, the explosive increase in chromosome number occurs mainly through simple chromosomal fissions. We show that chromosomal megaevolution is a highly non-random canalized process, and in two phylogenetically independent Lysandra lineages, the drastic parallel increase in number of fragmented chromosomes was achieved, at least partially, through reuse of the same ancestral chromosomal breakpoints. In species showing chromosome number doubling, we found no blocks of duplicated sequences or duplicated chromosomes, thus refuting the hypothesis of polyploidy. In the studied taxa, long blocks of interstitial telomere sequences (ITSs) consist of (TTAGG)n arrays interspersed with telomere-specific retrotransposons. ITSs are sporadically present in rapidly evolving Lysandra karyotypes, but not in the species with ancestral chromosome number. Therefore, we hypothesize that the transposition of telomeric sequences may be triggers of the rapid chromosome number increase. Finally, we discuss the hypothetical genomic and population mechanisms of chromosomal megaevolution and argue that the disproportionally high evolutionary role of the Z sex chromosome can be additionally reinforced by sex chromosome-autosome fusions and Z-chromosome inversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Pazhenkova
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vladimir A Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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10
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Nazari V, Lukhtanov VA, Naderi A, Fric ZF, Dincă V, Vila R. More hidden diversity in a cryptic species complex: a new subspecies of Leptideasinapis (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) from Northern Iran. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2023; 17:113-128. [PMID: 37304150 PMCID: PMC10252139 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new subspecies of Leptideasinapis from Northern Iran, discovered by means of DNA barcoding, is described as Leptideasinapistabarestanassp. nov. The new subspecies is allopatric with respect to other populations of L.sinapis and is genetically distinct, appearing as a well-supported sister clade to all other populations in COI-based phylogenetic reconstructions. Details on karyotype, genitalia, ecology and behaviour for the new subspecies are given and a biogeographical speciation scenario is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vazrick Nazari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaZoological Institute of Russian Academy of ScienceSt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Alireza Naderi
- National Natural History Museum & Genetic Resources, Tehran, IranNational Natural History Museum & Genetic ResourcesTehranIran
| | - Zdenek Faltýnek Fric
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, RomaniaUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC – Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
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11
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Pazhenkova EA, Lukhtanov VA. Whole-Genome Analysis Reveals the Dynamic Evolution of Holocentric Chromosomes in Satyrine Butterflies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:437. [PMID: 36833364 PMCID: PMC9956908 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Butterfly chromosomes are holocentric, i.e., lacking a localized centromere. Potentially, this can lead to rapid karyotypic evolution through chromosome fissions and fusions, since fragmented chromosomes retain kinetic activity, while fused chromosomes are not dicentric. However, the actual mechanisms of butterfly genome evolution are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed chromosome-scale genome assemblies to identify structural rearrangements between karyotypes of satyrine butterfly species. For the species pair Erebia ligea-Maniola jurtina, sharing the ancestral diploid karyotype 2n = 56 + ZW, we demonstrate a high level of chromosomal macrosynteny and nine inversions separating these species. We show that the formation of a karyotype with a low number of chromosomes (2n = 36 + ZW) in Erebia aethiops was based on ten fusions, including one autosome-sex chromosome fusion, resulting in a neo-Z chromosome. We also detected inversions on the Z sex chromosome that were differentially fixed between the species. We conclude that chromosomal evolution is dynamic in the satyrines, even in the lineage that preserves the ancestral chromosome number. We hypothesize that the exceptional role of Z chromosomes in speciation may be further enhanced by inversions and sex chromosome-autosome fusions. We argue that not only fusions/fissions but also inversions are drivers of the holocentromere-mediated mode of chromosomal speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Pazhenkova
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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12
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Höök L, Näsvall K, Vila R, Wiklund C, Backström N. High-density linkage maps and chromosome level genome assemblies unveil direction and frequency of extensive structural rearrangements in wood white butterflies (Leptidea spp.). Chromosome Res 2023; 31:2. [PMID: 36662301 PMCID: PMC9859909 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Karyotypes are generally conserved between closely related species and large chromosome rearrangements typically have negative fitness consequences in heterozygotes, potentially driving speciation. In the order Lepidoptera, most investigated species have the ancestral karyotype and gene synteny is often conserved across deep divergence, although examples of extensive genome reshuffling have recently been demonstrated. The genus Leptidea has an unusual level of chromosome variation and rearranged sex chromosomes, but the extent of restructuring across the rest of the genome is so far unknown. To explore the genomes of the wood white (Leptidea) species complex, we generated eight genome assemblies using a combination of 10X linked reads and HiC data, and improved them using linkage maps for two populations of the common wood white (L. sinapis) with distinct karyotypes. Synteny analysis revealed an extensive amount of rearrangements, both compared to the ancestral karyotype and between the Leptidea species, where only one of the three Z chromosomes was conserved across all comparisons. Most restructuring was explained by fissions and fusions, while translocations appear relatively rare. We further detected several examples of segregating rearrangement polymorphisms supporting a highly dynamic genome evolution in this clade. Fusion breakpoints were enriched for LINEs and LTR elements, which suggests that ectopic recombination might be an important driver in the formation of new chromosomes. Our results show that chromosome count alone may conceal the extent of genome restructuring and we propose that the amount of genome evolution in Lepidoptera might still be underestimated due to lack of taxonomic sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Höök
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K. Näsvall
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Vila
- Butterfly Diversity and Evolution Lab, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Wiklund
- Department of Zoology, Division of Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Backström
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Lohse K, Höök L, Näsvall K, Backström N. The genome sequence of the wood white butterfly, Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758). Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:254. [PMID: 37025368 PMCID: PMC10071140 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18118.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual male Leptidea sinapis (the wood white; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Pieridae). The genome sequence is 686 megabases in span. The majority (99.99%) of the assembly is scaffolded into 48 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with three Z sex chromosomes assembled. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 14,800 protein coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Lohse
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lars Höök
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Näsvall
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Backström
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Tree of Life Core Informatics collective
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Lucek K, Augustijnen H, Escudero M. A holocentric twist to chromosomal speciation? Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:655-662. [PMID: 35484024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements trigger speciation by acting as barriers to gene flow. However, the underlying theory was developed with monocentric chromosomes in mind. Holocentric chromosomes, lacking a centromeric region, have repeatedly evolved and account for a significant fraction of extant biodiversity. Because chromosomal rearrangements may be more likely retained in holocentric species, holocentricity could provide a twist to chromosomal speciation. Here, we discuss how the abundance of chromosome-scale genomes, combined with novel analytical tools, offer the opportunity to assess the impacts of chromosomal rearrangements on rates of speciation by outlining a phylogenetic framework that aligns with the two major lines of chromosomal speciation theory. We further highlight how holocentric species could help to test for causal roles of chromosomal rearrangements in speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcial Escudero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Reina Mercedes, ES-41012 Seville, Spain
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15
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Hinojosa JC, Dapporto L, Pitteloud C, Koubínová D, Hernández-Roldán J, Vicente JC, Alvarez N, Vila R. Hybridization fuelled diversification in Spialia butterflies. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2951-2967. [PMID: 35263484 PMCID: PMC9310813 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The importance of hybridization and introgression is well documented in the evolution of plants but, in insects, their role is not fully understood. Given the fact that insects are the most diverse group of organisms, assessing the impact of reticulation events on their evolution may be key to comprehend the emergence of such remarkable diversity. Here, we used an insect model, the Spialia butterflies, to gather genomic evidence of hybridization as a promoter of novel diversity. By using double‐digest RADseq (ddRADseq), we explored the phylogenetic relationships between Spialia orbifer, S. rosae and S. sertorius, and documented two independent events of interspecific gene flow. Our data support that the Iberian endemism S. rosae probably received genetic material from S. orbifer in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, which could have contributed to a shift in the ecological preferences of S. rosae. We also show that admixture between S. sertorius and S. orbifer probably occurred in Italy. As a result, the admixed Sicilian populations of S. orbifer are differentiated from the rest of populations both genetically and morphologically, and display signatures of reproductive character displacement in the male genitalia. Additionally, our analyses indicated that genetic material from S. orbifer is present in S. sertorius along the Italian Peninsula. Our findings add to the view that hybridization is a pervasive phenomenon in nature and in butterflies in particular, with important consequences for evolution due to the emergence of novel phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Hinojosa
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- ZEN lab, Biology Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Geneva Natural History Museum, Route de Malagnou 1, 1208, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Darina Koubínová
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Juan Hernández-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Calle Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Vicente
- Asociación Española para la Protección de las Mariposas y su Medio (ZERYNTHIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Geneva Natural History Museum, Route de Malagnou 1, 1208, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Boulevard d'Ivoy 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Sassone AB, Hojsgaard DH, Giussani LM, Brassac J, Blattner FR. Genomic, karyological and morphological changes of South American garlics (Ipheion) provide insights into mechanisms of speciation in the Pampean region. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3716-3729. [PMID: 34087027 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Speciation proceeds through mechanisms that promote reproductive isolation and shape the extent of genetic variation in natural populations, and thus its study is essential to understand the evolutionary processes leading to increased biodiversity. Chromosomal rearrangements are known to facilitate reproductive isolation by hybrid sterility and favour speciation events. The genus Ipheion (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) is unique as its species exhibit a remarkable karyological variability but lack population-level genetic data. To unveil the diversification processes acting upon the formation of new lineages within Ipheion in the Pampas of South America, we combined morphology and karyology approaches with genotyping-by-sequencing. Our phylogenomic and population genomics results supported the taxonomic division of Ipheion into three morphological and genetically well-differentiated groups. The origin of Ipheion uniflorum was traced back to its current southern distribution area in the southern Pampean region (in Argentina), from where it had expanded to the north reaching Uruguay. Our results further suggested that chromosome rearrangements and ploidy shifts had triggered speciation events, first during the origin of I. uniflorum and later during its subsequent diversification into I. recurvifolium and I. tweedieanum, in both cases reinforced by extrinsic factors and biogeographical settings. The current study illustrates the analytical power of multidisciplinary approaches integrating phylo- and population genomics with classic analyses to reveal evolutionary processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina B Sassone
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, CONICET-ANCEFN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Diego H Hojsgaard
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity, and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Liliana M Giussani
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, CONICET-ANCEFN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan Brassac
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Frank R Blattner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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17
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Boman J, Mugal CF, Backström N. The Effects of GC-Biased Gene Conversion on Patterns of Genetic Diversity among and across Butterfly Genomes. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:evab064. [PMID: 33760095 PMCID: PMC8175052 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination reshuffles the alleles of a population through crossover and gene conversion. These mechanisms have considerable consequences on the evolution and maintenance of genetic diversity. Crossover, for example, can increase genetic diversity by breaking the linkage between selected and nearby neutral variants. Bias in favor of G or C alleles during gene conversion may instead promote the fixation of one allele over the other, thus decreasing diversity. Mutation bias from G or C to A and T opposes GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC). Less recognized is that these two processes may-when balanced-promote genetic diversity. Here, we investigate how gBGC and mutation bias shape genetic diversity patterns in wood white butterflies (Leptidea sp.). This constitutes the first in-depth investigation of gBGC in butterflies. Using 60 resequenced genomes from six populations of three species, we find substantial variation in the strength of gBGC across lineages. When modeling the balance of gBGC and mutation bias and comparing analytical results with empirical data, we reject gBGC as the main determinant of genetic diversity in these butterfly species. As alternatives, we consider linked selection and GC content. We find evidence that high values of both reduce diversity. We also show that the joint effects of gBGC and mutation bias can give rise to a diversity pattern which resembles the signature of linked selection. Consequently, gBGC should be considered when interpreting the effects of linked selection on levels of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Boman
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Carina F Mugal
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Niclas Backström
- Evolutionary Biology Program, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Uppsala University, Sweden
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18
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Lukhtanov VA, Dantchenko AV, Balayan KV, Gagarina AV. Karyotype and DNA barcode of Polyommatus ( Agrodiaetus) cyaneus (Staudinger, 1899) from its type locality: implication for taxonomic and evolutionary research in Polyommatus blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2020; 14:567-575. [PMID: 33244355 PMCID: PMC7686216 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14i4.59574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal and molecular analyses of rapidly evolving organisms such as Polyommatus Latreille, 1804 blue butterflies are essential for understanding their taxonomy and evolutionary history, and the studies of populations from their type localities are crucially important for resolving problems of nomenclature and species identity. Here we present data on the topotypical population of the blue butterfly species described as Lycaena damone var. cyanea Staudinger, 1899. This taxon was described from Khankendi (Nagorno-Karabakh, Caucasus), and rediscovered at the type locality for the first time since it was collected there in 1869. The specimens were found on dry stony meadows with a predominance of Onobrychis radiata Bieberstein, 1810, on upper border of oak forests. Their haploid chromosome number (n) was established as n = 17. Chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA barcode analyses of the studied samples from type-locality provided an opportunity for the critical taxonomic re-examination of Caucasian species of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822 of the genus Polyommatus Latreille, 1804. The obtained data support the interpretation of the P. (A.) cyaneus (Staudinger, 1899) and P. (A.) carmon (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) as two different, not closely related species complexes as previously hypothesized by Hugo de Lesse. On the contrary, the treatment by Walter Forster who considered these taxa as two groups of conspecific populations was not supported by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, RussiaZoological Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Alexander V. Dantchenko
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, RussiaZoological Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. PetersburgRussia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory 1/11, Moscow119991, RussiaLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Karine V. Balayan
- Yerevan Botanical Garden of the Institute of Botany of the NAS RA, Acharyan str. 1, Yerevan 0040, ArmeniaInstitute of Botany, NAS RAYerevanArmenia
| | - Anastasia V. Gagarina
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, RussiaZoological Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. PetersburgRussia
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