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McLean DT, Meudt JJ, Lopez Rivera LD, Schomberg DT, Pavelec DM, Duellman TT, Buehler DG, Schwartz PB, Graham M, Lee LM, Graff KD, Reichert JL, Bon-Durant SS, Konsitzke CM, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Shanmuganayagam D, Rubinstein CD. Single-cell RNA sequencing of neurofibromas reveals a tumor microenvironment favorable for neural regeneration and immune suppression in a neurofibromatosis type 1 porcine model. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1253659. [PMID: 37817770 PMCID: PMC10561395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1253659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetically inherited disorders that affects 1 in 3000 children annually. Clinical manifestations vary widely but nearly always include the development of cutaneous, plexiform and diffuse neurofibromas that are managed over many years. Recent single-cell transcriptomics profiling efforts of neurofibromas have begun to reveal cell signaling processes. However, the cell signaling networks in mature, non-cutaneous neurofibromas remain unexplored. Here, we present insights into the cellular composition and signaling within mature neurofibromas, contrasting with normal adjacent tissue, in a porcine model of NF1 using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis and histopathological characterization. These neurofibromas exhibited classic diffuse-type histologic morphology and expected patterns of S100, SOX10, GFAP, and CD34 immunohistochemistry. The porcine mature neurofibromas closely resemble human neurofibromas histologically and contain all known cellular components of their human counterparts. The scRNA-seq confirmed the presence of all expected cell types within these neurofibromas and identified novel populations of fibroblasts and immune cells, which may contribute to the tumor microenvironment by suppressing inflammation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, increasing fibrosis, and driving the proliferation of Schwann cells. Notably, we identified tumor-associated IDO1 +/CD274+ (PD-L1) + dendritic cells, which represent the first such observation in any NF1 animal model and suggest the role of the upregulation of immune checkpoints in mature neurofibromas. Finally, we observed that cell types in the tumor microenvironment are poised to promote immune evasion, extracellular matrix reconstruction, and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T. McLean
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Meudt
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Loren D. Lopez Rivera
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dominic T. Schomberg
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Derek M. Pavelec
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tyler T. Duellman
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Darya G. Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Patrick B. Schwartz
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Melissa Graham
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance (RARC), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura M. Lee
- Research Animal Resources and Compliance (RARC), Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keri D. Graff
- Swine Research and Teaching Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jamie L. Reichert
- Swine Research and Teaching Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sandra S. Bon-Durant
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Charles M. Konsitzke
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sean M. Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam
- Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Biomedical Swine Research and Innovation, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - C. Dustin Rubinstein
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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2
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Staedtke V, Topilko P, Le LQ, Grimes K, Largaespada DA, Cagan RL, Steensma MR, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Blakeley JO, Rhodes SD, Ly I, Romo CG, Lee SY, Serra E. Existing and Developing Preclinical Models for Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Related Cutaneous Neurofibromas. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1378-1387. [PMID: 37330719 PMCID: PMC11246562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by a nonfunctional copy of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene that predisposes patients to the development of cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs), the skin tumor that is the hallmark of this condition. Innumerable benign cNFs, each appearing by an independent somatic inactivation of the remaining functional NF1 allele, form in nearly all patients with NF1. One of the limitations in developing a treatment for cNFs is an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and limitations in experimental modeling. Recent advances in preclinical in vitro and in vivo modeling have substantially enhanced our understanding of cNF biology and created unprecedented opportunities for therapeutic discovery. We discuss the current state of cNF preclinical in vitro and in vivo model systems, including two- and three-dimensional cell cultures, organoids, genetically engineered mice, patient-derived xenografts, and porcine models. We highlight the models' relationship to human cNFs and how they can be used to gain insight into cNF development and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Staedtke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Piotr Topilko
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Créteil, France
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Grimes
- SPARK Program in Translational Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ross L Cagan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Steensma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven D Rhodes
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ina Ly
- Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos G Romo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sang Y Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Knoernschild K, Johnson HJ, Schroeder KE, Swier VJ, White KA, Sato TS, Rogers CS, Weimer JM, Sieren JC. Magnetic resonance brain volumetry biomarkers of CLN2 Batten disease identified with miniswine model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5146. [PMID: 36991106 PMCID: PMC10060411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease (Batten disease) is a rare pediatric disease, with symptom development leading to clinical diagnosis. Early diagnosis and effective tracking of disease progression are required for treatment. We hypothesize that brain volumetry is valuable in identifying CLN2 disease at an early stage and tracking disease progression in a genetically modified miniswine model. CLN2R208X/R208X miniswine and wild type controls were evaluated at 12- and 17-months of age, correlating to early and late stages of disease progression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1- and T2-weighted data were acquired. Total intercranial, gray matter, cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, caudate, putamen, and ventricle volumes were calculated and expressed as proportions of the intracranial volume. The brain regions were compared between timepoints and cohorts using Gardner-Altman plots, mean differences, and confidence intervals. At an early stage of disease, the total intracranial volume (- 9.06 cm3), gray matter (- 4.37% 95 CI - 7.41; - 1.83), caudate (- 0.16%, 95 CI - 0.24; - 0.08) and putamen (- 0.11% 95 CI - 0.23; - 0.02) were all notably smaller in CLN2R208X/R208X miniswines versus WT, while cerebrospinal fluid was larger (+ 3.42%, 95 CI 2.54; 6.18). As the disease progressed to a later stage, the difference between the gray matter (- 8.27%, 95 CI - 10.1; - 5.56) and cerebrospinal fluid (+ 6.88%, 95 CI 4.31; 8.51) continued to become more pronounced, while others remained stable. MRI brain volumetry in this miniswine model of CLN2 disease is sensitive to early disease detection and longitudinal change monitoring, providing a valuable tool for pre-clinical treatment development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Knoernschild
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive cc704 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans J Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kimberly E Schroeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive cc704 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Vicki J Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Takashi S Sato
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive cc704 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jessica C Sieren
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive cc704 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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4
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Park CH, Jeoung YH, Zhang L, Yeddula SGR, Park KE, Waters J, Telugu BP. Establishment, characterization, and validation of novel porcine embryonic fibroblasts as a potential source for genetic modification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1059710. [PMID: 36438568 PMCID: PMC9685398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1059710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the common cell type in the connective tissue-the most abundant tissue type in the body. Fibroblasts are widely used for cell culture, for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and as nuclear donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We report for the first time, the derivation of embryonic fibroblasts (EFs) from porcine embryonic outgrowths, which share similarities in morphology, culture characteristics, molecular markers, and transcriptional profile to fetal fibroblasts (FFs). We demonstrated the efficient use of EFs as nuclear donors in SCNT, for enhanced post-blastocyst development, implantation, and pregnancy outcomes. We further validated EFs as a source for CRISPR/Cas genome editing with overall editing frequencies comparable to that of FFs. Taken together, we established an alternative and efficient pipeline for genome editing and for the generation of genetically engineered animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hun Park
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
| | - Young-Hee Jeoung
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
| | - Luhui Zhang
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Ki-Eun Park
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
| | - Jerel Waters
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
| | - Bhanu P. Telugu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- RenOVAte Biosciences Inc., Reisterstown, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Bhanu P. Telugu,
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Curnow E, Wang Y. New Animal Models for Understanding FMRP Functions and FXS Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:1628. [PMID: 35626665 PMCID: PMC9140010 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X encompasses a range of genetic conditions, all of which result as a function of changes within the FMR1 gene and abnormal production and/or expression of the FMR1 gene products. Individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common heritable form of intellectual disability, have a full-mutation sequence (>200 CGG repeats) which brings about transcriptional silencing of FMR1 and loss of FMR protein (FMRP). Despite considerable progress in our understanding of FXS, safe, effective, and reliable treatments that either prevent or reduce the severity of the FXS phenotype have not been approved. While current FXS animal models contribute their own unique understanding to the molecular, cellular, physiological, and behavioral deficits associated with FXS, no single animal model is able to fully recreate the FXS phenotype. This review will describe the status and rationale in the development, validation, and utility of three emerging animal model systems for FXS, namely the nonhuman primate (NHP), Mongolian gerbil, and chicken. These developing animal models will provide a sophisticated resource in which the deficits in complex functions of perception, action, and cognition in the human disorder are accurately reflected and aid in the successful translation of novel therapeutics and interventions to the clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Curnow
- REI Division, Department of ObGyn, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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